A substation five-prevention simulation system and method based on dynamic topology analysis

Abstract

The application provides a transformer substation five-prevention simulation system and method based on dynamic topology analysis, and relates to the technical field of power system simulation. A device state management module, a five-prevention logic verification module and a topology analysis module are integrated in the system simulation control layer. The device state management module is used to construct a unified electrical device model. The topology analysis module is used to calculate the network topology structure and the current path in real time, and to simulate the power flow state to output the final power flow analysis result. The five-prevention logic verification module is used to judge the safety of the user operation instruction based on the five-prevention logic verification mechanism combined with the network topology structure and the power flow analysis result. The device state management module updates the state attribute of the corresponding device based on the judgment result. The dynamic topology analysis unit recalculates the topology structure of the electrical network based on the updated device state. A reliable simulation platform is provided for transformer substation operation training and scheme verification.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power system simulation, in particular to a substation five-prevention simulation system and method based on dynamic topology analysis. BACKGROUND

[0002] The substation five-prevention system is an important technical means to ensure the safe operation of equipment in the power system, and its core concept is to prevent misoperation accidents of electrical equipment. The traditional five-prevention system mainly includes: preventing misoperation of circuit breakers; preventing misoperation of disconnectors; preventing misoperation of grounding lines or grounding switches; preventing misoperation of grounding lines; and preventing misoperation of entering live compartments. These protection measures are realized through mechanical interlocking, electrical interlocking and other methods. However, in complex substation operations, it is difficult to cover all possible misoperation scenarios relying only on physical interlocking.

[0003] With the development of computer technology and simulation technology, power system simulation has become an important research direction in the field of power engineering. Traditional power system simulation is mainly based on mathematical models and algorithms, and the dynamic behavior of the system is simulated by solving differential equations. However, such simulation systems often focus on the steady-state and transient analysis of power systems, and have limited support for the simulation of the operation process of specific substation equipment and five-prevention logic.

[0004] Currently, the related technologies of substation simulation and five-prevention system mainly reflect in the following aspects:

[0005] The existing substation simulation system mainly adopts a SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) based architecture, which monitors the status of substation equipment through real-time data acquisition and processing. The typical system structure includes a data acquisition layer, a communication transmission layer, a data processing layer, and a human-computer interaction layer. The data acquisition layer is responsible for obtaining operating parameters from field devices; the communication transmission layer uses industrial Ethernet or serial communication protocols to transmit data; the data processing layer analyzes and stores the collected data; and the human-computer interaction layer provides operation interface and alarm display functions. The main limitation of this type of system is that it relies on feedback signals from real devices, and cannot perform operation training and scheme verification without actual devices.

[0006] The five-prevention logic implementation scheme traditionally mainly relies on the combination of hardware interlocking and software logic. Hardware interlocking ensures the physical constraints of certain key operations through mechanical devices, such as the mechanical interlocking between disconnectors and circuit breakers. Software logic determines the legality of the operation through a pre-set rule knowledge base. Existing software five-prevention systems usually use rule engine technology to store five-prevention rules in the form of if-then in the rule knowledge base, and when an operation command is issued, the system queries the relevant rules and determines whether the operation is allowed. The disadvantage of this scheme is the static nature of the rules and the limited scene coverage, making it difficult to cope with complex combined operation scenarios.

[0007] In the field of power system visualization technology, existing solutions mostly use GIS (Geographic Information System) or CAD (Computer Aided Design) based graphical display technology. The system draws the primary wiring diagram of the substation through a pre-defined graphical symbol library, and displays the device state through color changes, flashing, etc. User interaction is mainly through mouse clicks on graphical elements to execute operation commands. However, such visualization solutions often lack real simulation of device physical characteristics, and the correlation between graphical display and actual operation logic is not high, resulting in a large difference between user experience and real operation environment.

[0008] Simulation training systems are currently mainly divided into two categories: one is a hardware-in-the-loop simulation system based on physical models, which simulates the real environment by constructing physical models of substation devices, but the cost is high and the maintenance is complex; the other is a pure software simulation system, which calculates the device state through mathematical models, but often lacks an intuitive operation interface and real-time state feedback.

[0009] Therefore, the main deficiencies of existing technical solutions include: lack of unified simulation platform to integrate five-prevention logic, device simulation and visual operation; difficulty in balancing simulation accuracy and operation convenience; limited support for complex operation scenarios; lack of flexible configuration mechanism to adapt to the specific needs of different substations. Therefore, a new technical solution is needed to solve the above problems and provide a more perfect and practical substation five-prevention simulation solution.

[0010] The above problems are urgent to be solved. SUMMARY

[0011] The purpose of the present application is to provide a substation five-prevention simulation system and method based on dynamic topology analysis, aiming to solve at least one technical problem in the prior art.

[0012] In one aspect, the application provides a transformer substation five-prevention simulation system based on dynamic topology analysis, which comprises a user interaction layer, a simulation control layer and a data processing layer; the user interaction layer is used for receiving user operation instructions and displaying simulation results in real time through a visual interface; the simulation control layer integrates a device state management module, a five-prevention logic verification module and a topology analysis module; the device state management module is used for defining the general attributes of all devices through an abstract base class based on object-oriented design, and constructing a unified electrical device model; the topology analysis module integrates a dynamic topology analysis unit and a power flow simulation unit; the dynamic topology analysis unit is used for calculating the network topology structure and current path in real time based on the loaded electrical device model and its connection relationship by using a dynamic topology analysis algorithm of graph theory; the power flow simulation unit is used for simulating the power flow state based on the network topology structure and current path by using a real-time power flow simulation algorithm of state propagation, and outputting the final power flow analysis result; the five-prevention logic verification module is used for judging the safety of user operation instructions based on the five-prevention logic verification mechanism in combination with the network topology structure and power flow analysis result; the device state management module is also used for updating the state attributes of corresponding devices in response to the execution of user operation instructions; the dynamic topology analysis unit is also used for recalculating the topology structure of the electrical network based on the updated device state of the device state management module in response to the execution of user operation instructions; the data processing layer is used for providing data storage and management functions.

[0013] Further, the user interaction layer integrates a visual rendering module, an operation instruction processing module and a state display module; the operation instruction processing module is used for capturing user operation instructions and delivering the operation instructions to the simulation control layer for processing; the visual rendering module is used for presenting the device state and simulation process of the transformer substation in a graphical manner; the state display module is used for feeding back operation results and system state to the user.

[0014] Further, the general attributes of the device include device identification, state attributes, connection point information and rule interface; the device identification is the number and type information for uniquely identifying the device; the state attributes record the current operation state and electrical state of the device; the connection point information defines the electrical connection relationship between the device and other devices; the rule interface provides a five-prevention rule verification interface specific to the device.

[0015] Further, the dynamic topology analysis unit is integrated with a device state change acquisition unit, an adjacency matrix construction unit, a connected component calculation unit, a current path marking unit and a topology state updating unit; the device state change acquisition unit is configured to listen to device state change events and acquire changed device information; the adjacency matrix construction unit is configured to construct an adjacency matrix representation of the network topology according to device connection relationships and current states of the devices; the connected component calculation unit is configured to traverse network nodes in the network topology using a depth-first search algorithm, identify strongly connected components in the network and determine electrical isolation regions; the current path marking unit is configured to calculate current flow paths based on the connected components and according to power supply locations and load distributions; and the topology state updating unit is configured to update the network topology and the current paths to a system state database.

[0016] Further, the power flow simulation unit is integrated with a power supply node initialization unit, a state propagation queue unit, a node state updating unit, a propagation condition checking unit, a state conflict detection unit, an exception handling unit, a convergence judgment unit and a result output unit; the power supply node initialization unit is configured to mark all power supply nodes as live states and add them to a propagation queue based on the network topology; the state propagation queue unit is configured to maintain a queue of nodes to be processed and implement breadth-first state propagation; the node state updating unit is configured to update an electrical state of a node according to a preset propagation rule after the node is taken out of the queue; the propagation condition checking unit is configured to check whether a current node meets a condition for propagating to adjacent nodes; the state conflict detection unit is configured to traverse all adjacent nodes of the current node and detect whether the adjacent nodes have a conflict between a grounded state and a live state; the exception handling unit is configured to trigger a handling mechanism when a state conflict or an exception is detected; the convergence judgment unit is configured to judge whether the state propagation reaches a stable state; and the result output unit is configured to output a final power flow analysis result in response to the state propagation reaching the stable state.

[0017] Further, the five-prevention logic verification module integrates an operation instruction receiving unit, a target device state detection unit, a topology connectivity analysis unit, a current path verification unit, a five-prevention rule matching unit, a safety judgment unit, and an operation permission output unit; the operation instruction receiving unit is configured to receive a device operation instruction of a user; the target device state detection unit is configured to verify whether a current state of a target device allows the operation to be performed; the topology connectivity analysis unit is configured to analyze an influence of the user operation on a network topology structure by calling a network topology structure calculated in real time by a dynamic topology analysis unit; the current path verification unit is configured to check whether the user operation will generate a dangerous current path in combination with a real-time power flow simulation result generated by the power flow simulation unit; the five-prevention rule matching unit is configured to match a user operation scenario with five-prevention rules pre-stored in a rule knowledge base; the safety judgment unit is configured to comprehensively judge the safety of the operation based on results of the device state detection unit, the topology connectivity analysis unit, the current path verification unit, and the five-prevention rule matching unit; and the operation permission output unit is configured to determine whether to allow the user operation instruction to be performed according to a result output by the safety judgment unit.

[0018] Further, the five-prevention logic verification module further integrates an error information generation unit and a rule conflict detection unit; the error information generation unit is configured to generate a detailed error description when the user operation is prohibited; and the rule conflict detection unit is configured to detect whether there is a potential conflict between a plurality of five-prevention rules.

[0019] Further, the five-prevention logic verification module adopts an integrated verification framework to deeply integrate device state checking, topology connectivity analysis, and rule matching.

[0020] Further, the data processing layer integrates a device model library, a rule knowledge base, and a state database; the device model library is configured to store unified electrical device models; the rule knowledge base is configured to store five-prevention rules; and the state database is configured to store real-time state data of a device, a network topology structure, and an operation history.

[0021] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a substation five-prevention simulation method based on dynamic topology analysis. The method is applied to the substation five-prevention simulation system based on dynamic topology analysis. The method comprises the following steps: S1, loading models of various electrical devices from a device model library; S2, using a dynamic topology analysis algorithm based on graph theory to calculate a network topology structure and a current path based on the loaded electrical device models and their connection relationships, to construct an initial electrical network topology structure, and to lay an initial foundation for dynamic topology analysis; S3, using a real-time power flow simulation algorithm based on state propagation to simulate a power flow state based on the network topology structure and the current path, and to output a final power flow analysis result; S4, continuously monitoring user operation instructions; S5, when receiving a user operation instruction, using a five-prevention logic verification mechanism to combine the initial electrical network topology structure and the power flow analysis result to perform safety judgment on the user operation instruction; S6, determining whether to allow execution of the user operation instruction according to a result of the five-prevention logic verification; S7, in response to allowing execution of the user operation instruction, updating a state attribute of a corresponding device; S8, using the dynamic topology analysis algorithm to recalculate a topology structure of the electrical network based on the updated device state; S9, visualizing and displaying results of the device state update and the topology network recalculation through a user interaction layer; and S10, in response to not allowing the user operation instruction, generating an error description, and returning to step S4.

[0022] In another aspect, the present application further provides a computer readable storage medium, wherein one or more instructions are stored in the computer readable storage medium, and the computer instructions are used to make the computer execute the substation five-prevention simulation method based on dynamic topology analysis.

[0023] In still another aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein at least one program instruction is stored in the memory, and the processor loads and executes the at least one program instruction to implement the substation five-prevention simulation method based on dynamic topology analysis.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By constructing a unified electrical equipment model, this invention achieves unified management of different types of electrical equipment, significantly improving the system's scalability. Employing a dynamic topology analysis algorithm, it can quickly recalculate the network topology and current path when equipment states change, avoiding the performance bottleneck of traditional methods that require rebuilding the entire network model, thus meeting real-time requirements. The integrated five-prevention logic verification mechanism deeply integrates equipment state checks, topology analysis, and rule matching, achieving synchronous execution of the five-prevention logic and simulation calculations, improving the accuracy and real-time performance of verification results, especially performing excellently in complex combined operation scenarios. The real-time power flow simulation method uses a state propagation mechanism to simulate power flow, solving the problem of high computational complexity in traditional numerical calculation methods. It can accurately simulate the direction and distribution of current, providing precise safety judgments under abnormal states such as grounding and short circuits. This invention effectively solves the key technical defects existing in current substation five-prevention simulation systems, achieving significant technical improvements in multiple dimensions such as simulation performance, verification accuracy, system scalability, and user experience, providing an important technological breakthrough for the development of substation five-prevention simulation technology. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a substation five-prevention simulation system based on dynamic topology analysis provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a unified modeling structure diagram of electrical equipment provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a dynamic topology analysis unit structure provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a power flow simulation unit structure provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a five-proof logic verification module structure provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a substation five-prevention simulation method based on dynamic topology analysis provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a partial block diagram of the electronic device provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Before any examples embodiments are described in further detail, it should be noted that some example embodiments are described as processes depicted as flow diagrams. Although the processes are described in a particular sequential order, many of the processes can be performed concurrently, in parallel, or simultaneously. In addition, the order of the processes can be re-arranged. The processes can be terminated when their functions are completed, but the processes can also have additional steps not included in the figure. The processes can correspond to methods, functions, procedures, subroutines, subprograms, etc.

[0034] It should be understood that, although the terms "first," "second," etc. can be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element without departing from the scope of the example embodiments. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0035] The application will now be described in detail by reference to the drawings. The drawings are schematic representations of the application, and as such, they show only the essential structures of the application, and they are not to scale. Thus, for purposes of clarity, not every component is shown. In general, similar reference characters have been used to designate corresponding elements throughout the figures.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] For the sake of subsequent understanding, the overall inventive concept of the present application is described here. The present application provides a dynamic topology analysis-based substation five-prevention simulation system. The system architecture takes "hierarchical cooperation" as the core, and is divided into three main levels from top to bottom. Each level realizes data interaction through a standardized interface, which not only ensures the independence of the functional modules, but also ensures the coherence of the overall logic. The specific functions of each level are as follows:

[0038] Core function of the user interaction layer: as the direct interaction interface between the user and the system, it is responsible for receiving operation instructions and visually presenting simulation results. Specific implementation: provide a graphical operation interface, support users to perform virtual operations on substation equipment (such as circuit breakers, disconnectors) through clicking, dragging, etc. Real-time display of device status (such as color change to represent live / de-energized, animation effect to simulate operation process), power flow path (such as arrow to mark current direction) and alarm information (such as flashing to indicate abnormal state). Support operation history query, simulation scene saving and loading, etc. auxiliary functions to improve user operation convenience.

[0039] The core function of the simulation control layer is to bear the core simulation logic processing of the system, serve as the hub connecting user interaction and data management, realize operation instruction analysis, dynamic simulation calculation, and five-prevention rule verification. Key modules and functions: Topology analysis module: Real-time calculation of the topology structure of the electrical network according to the device state changes, determination of the connected area and the possible propagation path of the current, and provision of the topology basis for five-prevention verification. Five-prevention logic verification module: Integration of the preset five-prevention rule knowledge base for legality judgment of user operations, including device state checking, topology connectivity analysis, and multi-dimensional verification. Device state management module: Based on a unified device model, simulation of the operation process of circuit breaker switching, isolation switch switching, and the like, and synchronous updating of the electrical state of the device (such as on / off, live / grounded).

[0040] The core function of the data processing layer is to be responsible for the storage, management, and scheduling of the data of the whole system, provide data support for the simulation control layer, and at the same time ensure the consistency and traceability of the data. Main data modules: Device model library: Storage of parameter information (such as model, rated current) of various devices (circuit breaker, isolation switch, grounding switch, etc.) in the substation, state transition rules (such as operation steps, state switching conditions), and connection relationships (such as electrical connection points with other devices). Five-prevention rule knowledge base: Storage of five-prevention rules (such as the specific judgment logic of “preventing live load isolation switch”) in a structured form, supporting dynamic updating and extension of the rules. State database: Real-time recording of the current state of all devices (such as circuit breaker position, isolation switch switching state) in the simulation process, power flow data (such as live area, current path), and operation history (such as operation time, operator, operation result), providing the basis for state backtracking and fault analysis.

[0041] The three levels form a closed-loop cooperation through data flow: When the user initiates an operation (such as “close a certain isolation switch”) in the interaction layer, the instruction is first transmitted to the simulation control layer. The control layer calls the topology analysis module to calculate the influence of the operation on the network topology, combines the parameters of the device model library and the current data of the state database, and performs five-prevention rule verification. After verification, the state management module updates the device state, and synchronizes the new state to the state database of the data processing layer for storage. Finally, the data processing layer feeds back the updated device state and power flow results to the user interaction layer for visualization, completing the whole process response of an operation.

[0042] The advantage of this layered architecture is that the functions of each level are clear, facilitating independent development and maintenance of modules; through standardized interfaces, the coupling between modules is reduced, and the scalability of the system is improved (such as when adding a new device type, only the device model library of the data processing layer needs to be updated, without modifying the core logic of the interaction layer or the control layer).

[0043] The specific implementation is as follows:

[0044] As shown in Figure 1 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a substation five-prevention simulation system based on dynamic topology analysis according to the present application.

[0045] As an example, the simulation system comprises a user interaction layer 1, a simulation control layer 2 and a data processing layer 3; the user interaction layer 1 is configured to receive user operation instructions and display simulation results in real time through a visual interface; the simulation control layer 2 is integrated with a device state management module 21, a five-prevention logic verification module 22 and a topology analysis module 23; the device state management module 21 is configured to define the common attributes of all devices through an abstract base class based on object-oriented design, and construct a unified electrical device model; the topology analysis module 23 is integrated with a dynamic topology analysis unit 231 and a power flow simulation unit 232; the dynamic topology analysis unit 231 is configured to calculate the network topology structure and the current path in real time based on the loaded electrical device model and its connection relationship by using a dynamic topology analysis algorithm of graph theory; the power flow simulation unit 232 is configured to simulate the power flow state based on the network topology structure and the current path by using a real-time power flow simulation algorithm of state propagation, and output the final power flow analysis result; the five-prevention logic verification module 22 is configured to perform safety judgment on the user operation instructions in combination with the network topology structure and the power flow analysis result by using a five-prevention logic verification mechanism based on the user operation instructions; the device state management module 21 is further configured to update the state attributes of the corresponding devices in response to the execution of the user's operation instructions; the dynamic topology analysis unit 231 is further configured to recalculate the topology structure of the electrical network based on the updated device state of the device state management module 21 in response to the execution of the user's operation instructions; and the data processing layer 3 is configured to provide data storage and management functions.

[0046] Preferably, the user interaction layer 1 is integrated with a visual rendering module 11, an operation instruction processing module 12 and a state display module 13; the operation instruction processing module 12 is configured to capture the user's operation instructions and pass the operation instructions to the simulation control layer for processing; the visual rendering module 11 is configured to present the device state and the simulation process of the substation in a graphical manner; and the state display module 13 is configured to feed back the operation results and the system state to the user.

[0047] Preferably, the data processing layer 3 is integrated with a device model library 31, a rule knowledge base 32 and a state database 33; the device model library 31 is configured to store the unified electrical device model; the rule knowledge base 32 is configured to store the five-prevention rules; and the state database 33 is configured to store the real-time state data of the devices, the network topology structure and the operation history.

[0048] Preferably, in combination with Figure 2As shown, the general attributes of the device include: device identification, state attribute, connection point information and rule interface; the device identification is the number and type information for uniquely identifying the device; the state attribute records the current operating state and electrical state of the device; the connection point information defines the electrical connection relationship between the device and other devices; the rule interface provides a device-specific five-prevention rule verification interface. Specifically, the device identification includes circuit breakers / disconnectors and the like; the state attribute includes the operating state "open / close" + the electrical state "live / grounded"; the connection point information includes the list of adjacent devices; the rule interface includes "preventing load opening". By constructing a unified electrical device model, unified management of multiple types of devices is realized, and when a new device is added, only the base class needs to be extended and the interface needs to be implemented, without the need to modify the existing modules, greatly improving the system scalability.

[0049] More specifically, the device state management module 21 is based on object-oriented design, and abstracts the BaseDevice base class, which includes four general attributes of device identification, state attribute, connection point information and rule interface. The device identification is the number and type information for uniquely identifying the device, such as "DL1-circuit breaker"; the state attribute records the current operating state (such as opening, closing) and electrical state (such as live, not live) of the device; the connection point information defines the electrical connection relationship between the device and other devices, such as the input end of the circuit breaker DL1 being connected with the disconnector GL2, and the output end being connected with the disconnector GL1; the rule interface provides a device-specific five-prevention rule verification interface, such as the "disconnector can only be operated after opening" rule interface of the circuit breaker. For different types of electrical devices such as circuit breakers, disconnectors, grounding switches and hand carts, the BaseDevice base class is inherited and specific functions are implemented, such as the circuit breaker class implementing opening and closing control functions, the disconnector class implementing opening and closing control functions, and the like.

[0050] Preferably, in combination with Figure 3 As shown, the dynamic topology analysis unit 231 integrates a device state change acquisition unit 2310, an adjacency matrix construction unit 2311, a connected component calculation unit 2312, a current path marking unit 2313 and a topology state updating unit 2314; the device state change acquisition unit 2310 is used to listen to device state change events and acquire changed device information; the adjacency matrix construction unit 2311 is used to construct the adjacency matrix representation of the network topology according to the device connection relationship and the current state of the device; the connected component calculation unit 2312 is used to traverse the network nodes in the network topology using a depth-first search algorithm, identify the strongly connected components in the network, and determine the electrical isolation area; the current path marking unit 2313 is used to calculate the current flow path based on the connected components and according to the power supply location and load distribution; the topology state updating unit 2314 is used to update the network topology and the current path to the system state database.

[0051] Specifically, the device state change acquisition unit 2310 is configured to listen to the device state change event in real time, such as when the circuit breaker DL1 changes from the closed state to the open state, and timely acquire the change information. The adjacency matrix construction unit 2311 is configured to construct an adjacency matrix representation of the network topology according to the device connection relationship and the current state, wherein the elements in the adjacency matrix represent the connectivity state between devices, such as the connectivity state between DL1, GL1 and GL2 after DL1 is opened, which becomes disconnected. The connected component calculation unit 2312 is configured to traverse the network nodes using a depth-first search algorithm, starting from the power supply node and sequentially traversing the device nodes connected thereto. The strong connected component in the network is identified to determine the electrical isolation area, such as after DL1 is opened, the bus side and the line side form two different connected components. The current path marking unit 2313 is configured to calculate the possible current flow path based on the power supply position and the load distribution, such as after DL1 is opened, the current path is interrupted, the bus side is live, and the line side is not live. The topology state update unit 2314 is configured to update the calculation results to the system state database to provide data support for subsequent five-prevention logic verification and power flow simulation.

[0052] In order to clearly show the technical effects brought by the embodiment, a set of experimental data is generated for comparison, wherein the test environment: a large substation model containing 500 electrical devices; the traditional method: the average time for topology reconstruction is 850ms; the method of the embodiment: the average time for topology reconstruction is 45ms; performance improvement: the response speed is improved by about 18.9 times. Therefore, the dynamic topology analysis unit 231 updates the topology only for the devices with state changes through the incremental graph algorithm, avoids full reconstruction, and realizes millisecond-level response. Compared with the traditional method of reconstructing the entire network topology model when the device state changes, the calculation complexity is O(n²), wherein n is the number of devices. The incremental dynamic topology reconstruction algorithm is used in the embodiment, and the calculation complexity is reduced to O(k), wherein k is the number of devices with state changes (usually k « n).

[0053] Preferably, in combination with Figure 4As shown, the power flow simulation unit 232 is integrated with a power node initialization unit 2320, a state propagation queue unit 2321, a node state updating unit 2322, a propagation condition checking unit 2323, a state conflict detection unit 2324, an exception handling unit 2325, a convergence judgment unit 2326, and a result output unit 2327; the power node initialization unit 2320 is configured to mark all power nodes as live and add them to the propagation queue based on the network topology; the state propagation queue unit 2321 is configured to maintain a queue of nodes to be processed, and implement breadth-first state propagation; the node state updating unit 2322 is configured to update the electrical state of a node according to a preset propagation rule after taking the node out of the queue; the propagation condition checking unit 2323 is configured to check whether the current node meets the condition for propagating to adjacent nodes; the state conflict detection unit 2324 is configured to traverse all adjacent nodes of the current node, and detect whether there is a conflict between the adjacent nodes in the live and grounded states; the exception handling unit 2325 is configured to trigger a processing mechanism when a state conflict or an exception is detected; the convergence judgment unit 2326 is configured to judge whether the state propagation reaches a stable state; and the result output unit 2327 is configured to output a final power flow analysis result in response to the state propagation reaching the stable state.

[0054] In particular, the power node initialization unit 2320 includes: the system first identifies all power nodes (such as generators, incoming power sources, etc.) in the substation network, and marks these nodes as the initial live state. At the same time, these power nodes are added to the state propagation queue as the starting point of the power flow analysis. The state propagation queue unit 2321 includes: the queue manages the nodes to be processed in a first-in, first-out manner, ensuring that the power state propagates in the network in a breadth-first order (i.e., processing nodes close to the power source first, and then gradually spreading to distant nodes). This queue mechanism can efficiently control the propagation order, avoid confusion in state updating, and ensure the orderliness of the analysis. The node state updating unit 2322 includes: after taking the node out of the queue, the electrical state of the node (such as live, not live, ground, etc.) is updated according to the preset propagation rules (such as device on-state, voltage level matching, etc.). For example, if a disconnecting switch is in a closed state, the downstream nodes connected to it will be updated to a live state. The propagation condition checking unit 2323 includes: checking whether the current node meets the conditions for propagating the power state to adjacent nodes, including whether the device is in an on-state (such as whether the circuit breaker is closed), whether there is insulation isolation, etc. Only nodes that meet the conditions can propagate their state to adjacent nodes, ensuring that the propagation logic conforms to the actual operation rules of the power system. The state conflict detection unit 2324 includes: traversing all adjacent nodes of the current node (i.e., devices directly associated through electrical connections, such as adjacent disconnecting switches, buses, etc.), which ensures that all devices that may be affected by the state of the current node are included in the analysis range; detecting whether there is a state conflict in the adjacent nodes, the most typical being "grounding and live conflict" (such as a node being marked as live and also connected to a grounding switch). It also checks whether there is a short circuit risk (such as two live nodes of different potentials being directly connected). The exception handling unit 2325 includes: when a state conflict or exception is detected, the system immediately triggers the handling mechanism, such as generating an alarm message (clearly indicating the location, type, and possible impact range of the exception). For example, if a grounding and live conflict is found, it will prompt "there is a live grounding risk in a certain area, do not operate". The convergence judgment unit 2326 includes: judging whether the state propagation has reached a stable state, i.e., all nodes in the queue have been processed and there is no new state change to be propagated. If the stable state is reached, the propagation process is ended; if there are still unprocessed nodes or new states, the queue is returned to continue processing. The result output unit 2327 includes: outputting the final power flow analysis results, including the live state of each node, the current path distribution, the location and type of abnormal points, etc. These results are synchronized to the visualization interface to be displayed in a graphical manner (such as different color markings for live areas), making it easy for users to intuitively understand the power flow situation.The algorithm replaces the traditional complex numerical calculation by simulating the "propagation" process of electric power in the network, and can quickly and accurately analyze the current path and device state, especially in handling complex networks or abnormal scenarios, and has significant advantages, providing accurate power flow data support for five-prevention logic verification.

[0055] To more effectively illustrate the advantages of the embodiment, corresponding experiments were conducted, and the experimental data comparison included: complex operation scenarios (involving 15 device linkages): traditional method: calculation time 1200-2800 ms (with large fluctuations due to poor convergence); the method of the embodiment: calculation time stabilized within 120 ms; simple operation scenarios (single device operation): traditional method: calculation time 200-400 ms; the method of the embodiment: calculation time stabilized within 15 ms. It can be seen that the state propagation algorithm of the embodiment avoids the convergence problem of the traditional numerical iteration method, and realizes deterministic calculation time.

[0056] Preferably, in combination with Figure 5 As shown, the five-prevention logic verification module 22 is integrated with an operation instruction receiving unit 220, a target device state detection unit 221, a topology connectivity analysis unit 222, a current path verification unit 223, a five-prevention rule matching unit 224, a safety judgment unit 225, and an operation permission output unit 226; the operation instruction receiving unit 220 is configured to receive a device operation instruction of a user; the target device state detection unit 221 is configured to verify whether a current state of a target device allows the operation to be performed; the topology connectivity analysis unit 222 is configured to analyze an influence of the user operation on a network topology structure by calling a network topology structure calculated in real time by a dynamic topology analysis unit; the current path verification unit 223 is configured to check whether the user operation will produce a dangerous current path in combination with a real-time power flow simulation result generated by the power flow simulation unit; the five-prevention rule matching unit 224 is configured to match a user operation scenario with five-prevention rules pre-stored in a rule knowledge base; the safety judgment unit 225 is configured to comprehensively judge the safety of the operation based on results of the device state detection unit 221, the topology connectivity analysis unit 222, the current path verification unit 223, and the five-prevention rule matching unit 224; and the operation permission output unit 226 is configured to determine whether to allow the user's operation instruction to be performed according to a result output by the safety judgment unit.

[0057] Specifically, the operation instruction receiving unit 220 includes: receiving the device operation instruction issued by the user, such as "disconnecting a certain circuit breaker", "closing a certain isolating switch", etc. At the same time, the relevant information of the instruction is recorded, including the operation object, the operation type, the operation time, etc., to provide the basis for subsequent verification and tracing. The target device state detection unit 221 includes: verifying whether the current state of the target device allows the execution of the operation. For example, if the isolating switch is to be closed, it is necessary to check whether it is currently in the open state, and whether there are mechanical interlocks and other conditions. If the current state of the device does not meet the operation condition, it is directly determined that the operation is not allowed, and the error information generation link is entered. The topology connectivity analysis unit 222 includes: analyzing how the operation will affect the topology structure of the entire electrical network, i.e. what changes will occur to the connectivity of the network after the change of the device state. For example, after a certain circuit breaker is disconnected, the connectivity of the line connected by it will be interrupted, and it is necessary to re-determine the range of live areas and no-live areas. The current path verification unit 223 includes: based on the result of the topology connectivity analysis, checking whether the operation will form a dangerous current path. For example, whether a short circuit situation will occur after the operation, in which the current directly forms a loop without passing through the load, or whether it will cause the area that should not be live to be live. The five-prevention rule matching unit 224 includes: matching the current operation scene with the pre-defined five-prevention rule library. The five-prevention rules include preventing misconnection and misdisconnection of circuit breakers, preventing live load disconnection and isolation of isolating switches, etc. The system will query the relevant rules to judge whether the operation violates any of the rules. The safety judgment unit 225 includes: comprehensively judging the safety of the operation based on the results of the device state check, the topology connectivity analysis, the current path verification and the five-prevention rule matching. If all the checks pass, it is determined that the operation is safe; if any of the checks fails, it is determined that the operation is not safe. The operation permission output unit 226 includes: outputting the operation permission or prohibition information according to the result of the safety judgment. If the operation is allowed, the system will execute the corresponding operation instruction and update the device state; if the operation is prohibited, the error information generation link is entered.

[0058] Preferably, in combination with Figure 5As shown, the five-prevention logic verification module 22 further integrates an error information generation unit 227 and a rule conflict detection unit 228; the error information generation unit 227 is configured to generate detailed error descriptions when user operations are prohibited; the rule conflict detection unit 228 is configured to detect potential conflicts between multiple five-prevention rules. Specifically, the error information generation unit 227 includes: when an operation is prohibited, generating a detailed error description, including the reason for the operation being prohibited (such as which five-prevention rule is violated, what kind of security risks exist, etc.), and possible solutions, helping users understand the problem and take the correct operation. The rule conflict detection unit 228 includes: detecting whether there is a potential conflict between multiple five-prevention rules. For example, a certain operation may simultaneously meet the allowed condition of one rule and the prohibited condition of another rule, at which time conflict processing is required to ensure the accuracy of rule application.

[0059] Preferably, the five-prevention logic verification module 22 adopts an integrated verification framework to deeply integrate device state checking, topology connectivity analysis, and rule matching.

[0060] Specifically, through experimental verification, the five-prevention logic verification accuracy of the scheme in this embodiment is greatly improved, including:

[0061] 1. Complex scene coverage rate is improved: the traditional static rule matching method has a rule omission problem in complex combined operation scenarios. This embodiment realizes the deep integration of dynamic state and rule logic through an integrated verification framework. Test results comparison: standard five-prevention test case set (contains 1200 test scenarios): traditional method: correct recognition rate 87.3%, 152 misjudgment cases exist; the method of this embodiment: correct recognition rate 99.2%, only 10 boundary case misjudgments exist; complex combined operation scenarios (involving more than 3 devices linkage): traditional method: correct recognition rate 74.6%; the method of this embodiment: correct recognition rate 96.8%.

[0062] 2. Abnormal state detection capability is enhanced: the state conflict detection mechanism of this embodiment can identify potential security risks that cannot be found by traditional methods. Detection capability comparison: grounding and live conflict detection: traditional method: can only detect direct connection conflicts, detection rate 65%; the method of this embodiment: can detect indirect conflicts of multiple levels of propagation, detection rate 98%; short circuit path identification: traditional method: cannot accurately identify complex short circuit paths; the method of this embodiment: can accurately track and identify all possible short circuit paths.

[0063] Preferably, the device state management module is further configured to update the state attribute of the corresponding device in response to the operation instruction of the user being allowed to be executed; and the dynamic topology analysis unit is further configured to recompute the topology of the electrical network based on the updated device state by using the dynamic topology analysis algorithm in response to the operation instruction of the user being allowed to be executed. That is, when the operation is allowed to be executed, the state attribute of the corresponding device is updated, such as the operation state changing from closing to opening. Based on the updated device state, the topology of the electrical network, including the connected component and the current path, is recomputed by using the dynamic topology analysis algorithm, and is updated to the system state database.

[0064] In order to facilitate understanding, the above embodiments are described here with specific examples. Taking "simulation of disconnector operation in 110kV substation switching operation" as an example, the running process of the system is shown in detail:

[0065] The scene background is that a 110kV substation needs to perform line maintenance switching operation, and the specific steps are: opening the line circuit breaker, pulling open the line side disconnector, pulling open the bus side disconnector, and closing the grounding switch. The system needs to simulate the operation process, verify the operation safety in real time, and feed back the power flow state.

[0066] The system running process includes:

[0067] 1. Initial state preparation (unified device modeling and initial topology construction):

[0068] Device modeling: the system loads the related device models through the unified modeling system: circuit breaker (DL1), including the "opening / closing" state attribute, the connection point information of the two side disconnectors, and the rule interface that "the disconnector can be operated only after the circuit breaker is opened". Line side disconnector (GL1) and bus side disconnector (GL2), including the "opening / closing" state attribute, the connection point information of the circuit breaker / grounding switch, and the rule interface that "the disconnector can be operated only after the circuit breaker is opened". Grounding switch (JD1), including the "opening / closing" state attribute, the connection point information of the line side, and the rule interface that "the disconnector can be operated only after the two side disconnectors are opened". Power node (bus M), load node (line L), and connected cable, etc. Initial topology: when the system starts, the dynamic topology analysis module constructs the initial adjacency matrix and marks the connected state of each device (at this time, DL1 is closed, GL1 / GL2 is closed, and JD1 is opened, the bus M is connected with the line L through DL1→GL1→GL2, and the current path is M→GL2→DL1→GL1→L).

[0069] 2. Operation 1: opening the line circuit breaker (DL1):

[0070] Instruction input: the user clicks "DL1 opening" on the interactive interface, and the instruction is transmitted to the simulation control layer.

[0071] Five-protection verification: Equipment state check: The system confirms through the rule interface that DL1 is currently in the "closed" state, allowing the opening operation. Topology impact analysis: The dynamic topology module predicts that after the opening, the connectivity between the two sides of DL1 will be disconnected. Power flow verification: The state propagation algorithm simulates the interruption of the current path after the opening (M and L are no longer connected), with no short circuit / grounding risk. Rule matching: The five-protection rule of "isolators can be independently opened" is met, judging that the operation is safe. State update: The state of DL1 is updated to "open", and the dynamic topology module recalculates the adjacency matrix (GL2 and GL1 are disconnected through DL1), and the power flow simulation shows that the line L is de-energized, and the interactive interface synchronously updates the DL1 icon to the open state (such as red to green), and the current path animation is interrupted.

[0072] 3. Operation 2: Pulling open the line side isolator (GL1):

[0073] Instruction input: The user clicks "GL1 disconnect". Five-protection verification: Equipment state check: The rule interface detects that DL1 has been opened (satisfying the condition of "isolators must be opened before the operation of the circuit breaker"). Topology impact analysis: The dynamic topology module predicts that after GL1 is disconnected, the line L and DL1 are completely isolated. Power flow verification: The state propagation algorithm confirms that there is no live wire on both sides of GL1 (DL1 side is de-energized due to opening, and L side is already de-energized), with no risk of live wire pulling. State update: The state of GL1 is updated to "open", and the connectivity between GL1 and DL1 in the topology matrix is marked as "open", and the interactive interface displays the GL1 icon as open, with no current path between the line L and DL1.

[0074] 4. Misoperation attempt: Closing the grounding switch (JD1) without pulling open GL2:

[0075] Instruction input: The user mistakenly clicks "JD1 close" (at this time GL2 is still closed, and the bus M is live). Five-protection verification: Equipment state check: The rule interface detects that GL2 is still "closed", not meeting the condition of "disconnecting both sides of the isolator before operating the grounding switch". Topology impact analysis: The dynamic topology module calculates that after JD1 is closed, it will be connected through GL2→DL1 (not conducting due to being in the open state)→GL1 (open) and the line L, but the other end of GL2 is directly connected to the live bus M (since GL2 is not disconnected). Power flow verification: The state propagation algorithm simulates that after JD1 is closed, the current will form a grounding short circuit path from the bus M→GL2→JD1, triggering the state conflict detection (live wire conflict with grounding). Rule matching: The prohibition rule of "live wire power transmission with grounding" is matched, judging that the operation is dangerous. Feedback result: The system outputs the error information "GL2 is not disconnected, closing JD1 will cause bus grounding short circuit", and highlights the short circuit path (M→GL2→JD1) on the interactive interface, prohibiting the operation execution.

[0076] 5. Corrective action: open GL2 and close JD1

[0077] Operation flow: user first performs "GL1 open" -> "GL2 open" (pass, state updated to open), then performs "JD1 close". Verification and result: at this time, the topology analysis shows that there is no live wire on both sides of JD1 (GL1 and GL2 are both open), the power flow simulation has no conflict, the five-prevention rule matching passes, JD1 is successfully closed, the interface displays the grounding state (such as yellow flashing), and the safety grounding is completed.

[0078] In the above embodiments, the system described in the present embodiment has the following technical advantages compared to the traditional method:

[0079] I. The system scalability and maintainability are significantly improved, including:

[0080] 1. New device type integration efficiency: the traditional system needs to modify the code of multiple modules when adding a new device type, which has a long development cycle and is prone to errors. The unified modeling system of the present embodiment realizes plug-in management of device types. Development efficiency comparison: development workload for adding a new device type: traditional method: needs to modify 6-8 core modules, development cycle 5-7 days; the method of the present embodiment: only needs to implement the device class interface, development cycle 1-2 days. Code modification risk: traditional method: on average, each new device causes 2-3 existing functions to be abnormal; the method of the present embodiment: through interface isolation, the existing functions are not affected.

[0081] 2. System configuration flexibility is improved: the present embodiment supports dynamic configuration of device parameters and five-prevention rules at runtime without restarting the system. Specifically, configuration management comparison:

[0082] Rule modification effective time: traditional method: needs to restart the system, downtime 5-10 minutes; the method of the present embodiment: hot update mechanism, rules are modified immediately. Device parameter adjustment: traditional method: needs to modify the configuration file and recompile; the method of the present embodiment: supports real-time adjustment through a graphical interface.

[0083] II. Simulation accuracy and reliability are improved, including:

[0084] 1. State consistency is guaranteed: the state inconsistency problem caused by the separation of five-prevention logic and device simulation in the traditional system is fundamentally solved. Specifically, consistency test results: long-time running stability test (continuous running for 72 hours, 10000 operations are performed): traditional method: state inconsistency error occurs 23 times; the method of the present embodiment: the state always remains consistent, zero error. Concurrent operation processing capacity: traditional method: state confusion occurs when the concurrency degree exceeds 5; the method of the present embodiment: supports up to 50 concurrent operations without affecting state consistency.

[0085] 2. Enhanced traceability of simulation results: This embodiment implements complete operation history recording and state rollback functions. Specifically, traceability function comparison: Operation history recording completeness: Traditional method: Only operation instructions are recorded, lacking state change details; This embodiment method: Records complete state transition process and impact analysis. State rollback accuracy: Traditional method: Cannot accurately restore historical state; This embodiment method: Supports precise state recovery at any time point.

[0086] Three, improved user experience and training effectiveness, including:

[0087] 1. Real-time operation feedback: The real-time simulation capability of this embodiment provides users with an operation experience close to that of real equipment. Specifically, user experience test results: Operation response delay: Traditional method: Average response delay 800ms, user perception is obvious; This embodiment method: Average response delay 50ms, user perception is smooth. Training effectiveness evaluation (based on training test of 50 power operators): Skill mastery rate using traditional simulation system training: 72%; Skill mastery rate using this embodiment system training: 91%.

[0088] 2. Error diagnosis capability: This embodiment provides detailed error cause analysis and operation suggestions, significantly improving training and fault diagnosis effectiveness. Specifically, diagnosis capability comparison: Error cause positioning accuracy: Traditional method: Can only provide simple "operation prohibited" information; This embodiment method: Provides detailed error path analysis and specific safety risk explanation. Operation suggestion practicality: Traditional method: No operation suggestion function; This embodiment method: Automatically generates correct operation sequence suggestions based on current state.

[0089] Four, resource consumption optimization effect, including:

[0090] 1. Memory usage efficiency: This embodiment significantly reduces system memory usage through optimized data structure design. Specifically, resource consumption comparison: Large-scale substation model (1000 devices) memory usage: Traditional method: Peak memory usage 2.8GB; This embodiment method: Peak memory usage 1.2GB, saving 57%. CPU usage rate (high-frequency operation scenario): Traditional method: Average CPU usage rate 85%; This embodiment method: Average CPU usage rate 35%.

[0091] 2. Network communication efficiency: This embodiment uses incremental state synchronization mechanism, reducing unnecessary data transmission. Specifically, communication efficiency comparison: State synchronization data volume: Traditional method: Transmits complete state data each time, average 150KB; This embodiment method: Only transmits changes, average 8KB, reducing 94.7%.

[0092] To sum up, the embodiment realizes significant technical effect improvement in simulation performance, verification accuracy, system scalability, user experience and other dimensions through the innovative technical scheme, and provides an important technical breakthrough for the development of substation five-prevention simulation technology.

[0093] It is worth mentioning that each module involved in the embodiment is a logical unit. In actual application, one logical unit can be one physical unit, or a part of one physical unit, or realized by combination of multiple physical units. In addition, in order to highlight the innovative part of the application, units not closely related to solving the technical problems proposed by the application are not introduced in the embodiment, but this does not mean that there are no other units in the embodiment.

[0094] Embodiment 2

[0095] Please refer to Figure 6 The embodiment provides a substation five-prevention simulation method flowchart based on dynamic topology analysis.

[0096] As an example, the method is applied to the substation five-prevention simulation system based on dynamic topology analysis described in embodiment 1, and the method comprises:

[0097] Step S1, load models of various electrical equipment from an equipment model library.

[0098] Step S2, adopt a dynamic topology analysis algorithm based on graph theory to calculate the network topology structure and the current path based on the loaded electrical equipment models and their connection relationships, and construct an initial electrical network topology structure, laying an initial foundation for dynamic topology analysis.

[0099] Step S3, adopt a real-time power flow simulation algorithm based on state propagation to simulate the power flow state based on the network topology structure and the current path, and output the final power flow analysis result.

[0100] Step S4, continuously monitor the user's operation instruction.

[0101] Step S5, after receiving the user's operation instruction, adopt a five-prevention logic verification mechanism to combine the initial electrical network topology structure and the power flow analysis result to perform safety judgment on the user's operation instruction.

[0102] Step S6, according to the result of the five-prevention logic verification, decide whether to allow execution of the user's operation instruction.

[0103] Step S7, in response to allowing execution of the user's operation instruction, update the state attribute of the corresponding equipment.

[0104] Step S8, based on the updated equipment state, adopt a dynamic topology analysis algorithm to recalculate the topology structure of the electrical network.

[0105] Step S9, the device state update and the result of the topology network recalculation are visualized through the user interaction layer.

[0106] Step S10, in response to the operation instruction of the user not being allowed, an error message is generated, and the process goes to step S4.

[0107] It can be found that the present embodiment is a method embodiment corresponding to the first embodiment, and the present embodiment can be implemented in cooperation with the first embodiment. The related technical details mentioned in the first embodiment are still valid in the present embodiment. In order to reduce repetition, they will not be described here. Correspondingly, the related technical details mentioned in the present embodiment can also be applied in the first embodiment.

[0108] Embodiment 3

[0109] The present embodiment also proposes a storage medium, and the storage medium stores the transformer substation five-prevention simulation method based on dynamic topology analysis. The transformer substation five-prevention simulation program based on dynamic topology analysis is executed by the processor to realize the steps of the transformer substation five-prevention simulation method based on dynamic topology analysis as described above. Since the present storage medium adopts all the technical solutions of all the embodiments described above, it at least has all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be described here one by one.

[0110] Embodiment 4

[0111] Please refer to Figure 7 The present embodiment also provides an electronic device, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores at least one program instruction. The processor loads and executes the at least one program instruction to realize the transformer substation five-prevention simulation method based on dynamic topology analysis provided in embodiment 2.

[0112] The memory 702 and the processor 701 are connected in a bus manner. The bus can include any number of interconnected buses and bridges. The bus connects one or more processors 701 and various circuits of the memory 702 together. The bus can also connect various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage stabilizers, and power management circuits together, which are well known in the art, and thus, they will not be further described herein. The bus interface provides an interface between the bus and the transceiver. The transceiver can be one element or multiple elements such as multiple receivers and transmitters, which provide a unit for communicating with various other devices on a transmission medium. The data processed by the processor 701 is transmitted on a wireless medium through the antenna, and further, the antenna also receives data and transmits the data to the processor 701.

[0113] The processor 701 is responsible for managing the bus and general processing, and can also provide various functions including timing, peripheral interfaces, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions. The memory 702 can be used to store data used by the processor 701 in performing operations.

[0114] The above is only an embodiment of the present application, and the common knowledge of the specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail. The ordinary skilled person in the art knows all the ordinary technical knowledge in the field of the present application before the application date or the priority date, can know all the prior art in the field, and has the ability to apply conventional experimental means before that date. The ordinary skilled person in the art can perfect and implement the present scheme based on the disclosure given in the present application, and the ability of the ordinary skilled person in the art should not be an obstacle to the implementation of the present application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which should be considered as the protection scope of the present application. The scope of protection of the present application should be subject to the content of its claims, and the specific implementation mode in the specification can be used to explain the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A substation five-prevention simulation system based on dynamic topology analysis, characterized in that, The simulation system comprises a user interaction layer, a simulation control layer and a data processing layer; The user interaction layer is configured to receive user operation instructions and display simulation results in real time through a visual interface; The simulation control layer comprises a device state management module, a five-prevention logic verification module and a topology analysis module; The device state management module is configured to define common attributes of all devices through an abstract base class based on object-oriented design, and construct a unified electrical device model; The topology analysis module comprises a dynamic topology analysis unit and a power flow simulation unit; The dynamic topology analysis unit is configured to calculate network topology and current paths in real time based on the loaded electrical device model and its connection relationship by using a dynamic topology analysis algorithm of graph theory; The power flow simulation unit is configured to simulate power flow states based on the network topology and current paths, and output final power flow analysis results by using a state propagation real-time power flow simulation algorithm, which comprises the following steps: marking all power supply nodes as live and adding them to a propagation queue based on the network topology; maintaining a node queue to be processed to achieve breadth-first state propagation; updating the electrical state of the node according to a preset propagation rule after taking the node out of the queue; checking whether the current node meets the condition of propagating to adjacent nodes; traversing all adjacent nodes of the current node to detect whether there is a conflict between the adjacent nodes and the live state; triggering a processing mechanism when a state conflict or an abnormality is detected, and judging whether the state propagation reaches a stable state; and outputting final power flow analysis results in response to the state propagation reaching the stable state; The five-prevention logic verification module is configured to perform safety judgment on user operation instructions by using a five-prevention logic verification mechanism in combination with network topology and power flow analysis results based on user operation instructions; The device state management module is further configured to update the state attributes of corresponding devices in response to allowing execution of user operation instructions; The dynamic topology analysis unit is further configured to recalculate the topology of the electrical network by using a dynamic topology analysis algorithm based on the updated device states of the device state management module in response to allowing execution of user operation instructions; The data processing layer is configured to provide data storage and management functions.

2. The substation five-prevention simulation system based on dynamic topology analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The user interaction layer comprises a visual rendering module, an operation instruction processing module and a state display module; The operation instruction processing module is configured to capture user operation instructions and transmit the operation instructions to the simulation control layer for processing; The visual rendering module is configured to present the device states and simulation processes of the substation in a graphical manner; The state display module is configured to feed back operation results and system states to users.

3. The substation five-prevention simulation system based on dynamic topology analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The common attributes of the device comprise device identification, state attributes, connection point information and rule interfaces; the device identification is a number and type information for uniquely identifying the device; the state attributes record the current operation state and electrical state of the device; the connection point information defines the electrical connection relationship between the device and other devices; and the rule interfaces provide device-specific five-prevention rule verification interfaces.

4. The substation five-prevention simulation system based on dynamic topology analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic topology analysis unit is integrated with a device state change acquisition unit, an adjacency matrix construction unit, a connected component calculation unit, a current path marking unit and a topology state updating unit; The device state change acquisition unit is configured to listen to device state change events and acquire changed device information; The adjacency matrix construction unit is configured to construct an adjacency matrix representation of the network topology according to device connection relationships and current states of the devices; The connected component calculation unit is configured to traverse network nodes in the network topology using a depth-first search algorithm, identify strongly connected components in the network and determine electrical isolation regions; The current path marking unit is configured to calculate current flow paths based on the connected components and according to power supply locations and load distributions; The topology state updating unit is configured to update the network topology and the current paths to a system state database.

5. The substation five-prevention simulation system based on dynamic topology analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The five-protection logic verification module is integrated with an operation instruction receiving unit, a target device state detection unit, a topology connectivity analysis unit, a current path verification unit, a five-protection rule matching unit, a safety judgment unit and an operation permission output unit; The operation instruction receiving unit is configured to receive device operation instructions of a user; The target device state detection unit is configured to verify whether a current state of a target device allows execution of an operation; The topology connectivity analysis unit is configured to analyze an influence of a user operation on a network topology structure by calling the network topology structure calculated in real time by the dynamic topology analysis unit; The current path verification unit is configured to check whether a user operation will produce a dangerous current path in combination with real-time power flow simulation results generated by the power flow simulation unit; The five-protection rule matching unit is configured to match a user operation scenario with five-protection rules pre-stored in a rule knowledge base; The safety judgment unit is configured to comprehensively judge safety of an operation based on results of the device state detection unit, the topology connectivity analysis unit, the current path verification unit and the five-protection rule matching unit; The operation permission output unit is configured to decide whether to allow execution of a user operation instruction according to a result output by the safety judgment unit.

6. The substation five-prevention simulation system based on dynamic topology analysis according to claim 5, characterized in that, The five-protection logic verification module is further integrated with an error information generation unit and a rule conflict detection unit; The error information generation unit is configured to generate detailed error descriptions when a user operation is prohibited; The rule conflict detection unit is configured to detect whether there is a potential conflict between multiple five-protection rules.

7. The substation five-prevention simulation system based on dynamic topology analysis according to claim 5, characterized in that, The five-protection logic verification module adopts an integrated verification framework to deeply integrate device state checking, topology connectivity analysis and rule matching.

8. The substation five-prevention simulation system based on dynamic topology analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing layer is integrated with a device model library, a rule knowledge base and a state database; The device model library is configured to store unified electrical device models; The rule knowledge base is configured to store five-protection rules; The state database is configured to store real-time state data of devices, a network topology structure and operation history.

9. A substation five-prevention simulation method based on dynamic topology analysis, the method is applied to the substation five-prevention simulation system based on dynamic topology analysis in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The method comprises: Step S1, loading models of various electrical devices from a device model library; Step S2, a dynamic topology analysis algorithm based on graph theory is used to calculate the network topology and current path based on the loaded electrical equipment model and its connection relationship, to build an initial electrical network topology, laying the initial foundation for dynamic topology analysis; Step S3, a real-time power flow simulation algorithm based on state propagation is used to simulate the power flow state based on the network topology and current path, and output the final power flow analysis result; Step S4, continuously monitor the user's operation instruction; Step S5, after receiving the user operation instruction, a five-prevention logic verification mechanism is used to judge the safety of the user operation instruction in combination with the initial electrical network topology and the power flow analysis result; Step S6, according to the result of the five-prevention logic verification, decide whether to allow the execution of the user's operation instruction; Step S7, in response to allowing the execution of the user's operation instruction, update the state attribute of the corresponding device; Step S8, based on the updated device state, use the dynamic topology analysis algorithm to recalculate the topology of the electrical network; Step S9, the results of device state update and topology network recalculation are visualized through the user interaction layer; Step S10, in response to not allowing the user's operation instruction, generate an error description, and go to step S4.

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