Silicon carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite foam material and preparation method thereof
By using silicon carbide hollow spheres as reinforcing particles and combining them with dual-particle-size filling technology, a high-strength and stable aluminum-based composite foam material was prepared, which solved the problem of insufficient strength of ceramic hollow spheres and achieved higher compressive strength and energy absorption capacity, making it suitable for multiple industrial fields.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511086903.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing ceramic hollow spheres are insufficient to provide high-strength aluminum-based composite foams, resulting in poor stability and application performance.
Silicon carbide hollow spheres are used as reinforcing particles. Molten aluminum is heated under vacuum and then permeated into the gaps between the silicon carbide hollow spheres to prepare silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based composite foam material. A dual-particle-size layered or mixed filling method is used to improve porosity and strength.
The prepared silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based composite foam material has higher compressive strength, energy absorption capacity and stability, and is suitable for lightweight porous cushioning materials, applicable to fields such as automobiles, aerospace, marine and defense equipment.
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Figure CN120901258A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of aluminum matrix composite materials, and particularly relates to a silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam material and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND
[0002] In today's competitive industrial world, from automobiles to aerospace and armor protection, the demand for lightweight impact-resistant materials is increasing. In the field of automobile transportation, lightweight porous cushioning materials can solve the problem of vehicle total weight and fuel efficiency, and can improve the cushioning protection ability of the vehicle body structure crash protection device. Lightweight cushioning energy-absorbing materials in the aerospace industry are usually applied to the core layer in the sandwich structure, reducing the weight of space applications of aerospace equipment, and used as a protective layer in aerospace equipment to protect personnel and components from dangerous stress, improve the safety factor and service life of the aerospace vehicle. In the marine industry, through its application in the explosion-proof deck, the self-protection ability of various ships is enhanced. In terms of national defense equipment, lightweight cushioning foam materials enable military armored vehicles to have better mobility and protection against explosion penetration load, improving the lightweight and self-protection ability of military vehicles in various environments. Therefore, advanced engineering materials such as metal foam and composite foam materials are extremely attractive.
[0003] Aluminum matrix composite foam is a kind of composite material, which has a porous structure and is composed of an aluminum matrix and a hollow particle reinforced material, and is a new type of structural and functional porous composite material, which combines the high strength of the metal matrix and the excellent energy absorption capacity of the foam material.
[0004] SiC is an ideal hollow sphere material, as a representative of carbide, the structure and chemical bond of SiC are special, so that SiC material has excellent comprehensive performance such as high temperature resistance and wear resistance. The hollow sphere made of SiC material has higher compression strength than the traditional hollow glass sphere due to its special physical structure and excellent chemical properties. Because of the high breaking rate and low strength of alumina ceramic hollow spheres on the market, the stability of alumina hollow sphere composite foam is difficult to guarantee. Therefore, SiC hollow sphere has a good application prospect in aluminum matrix composite foam. SUMMARY
[0005] In order to solve the problem that the existing ceramic hollow sphere cannot provide aluminum matrix composite foam with high strength, the present application aims to provide a silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam material and a preparation method thereof. The prepared silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam material has good mechanical strength and high energy absorption capacity.
[0006] A preparation method of a silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam material, comprising the following steps:
[0007] (1) fill the silicon carbide hollow spheres to the bottom end of the mold, make them tightly packed, the middle is a fixed piece, and the upper layer is placed with aluminum blocks;
[0008] (2) heat the mold under vacuum conditions, melt the aluminum blocks, and obtain molten aluminum liquid on the upper layer;
[0009] (3) introduce compressed gas, according to a certain gas pressure and infiltration time, the aluminum liquid is infiltrated into the gaps between the tightly packed hollow spheres under the action of pressure;
[0010] (4) obtain the silicon carbide reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam material after cooling.
[0011] The particle size of the silicon carbide hollow spheres is 1.50 mm - 5.00 mm.
[0012] The filling mode of the silicon carbide hollow spheres is single particle size filling, double particle size layered filling and double particle size mixed filling.
[0013] The main component of the silicon carbide hollow spheres is SiC, and the atomic percentage of Si and C in the silicon carbide hollow spheres is 51.7% and 46.6% respectively, and the ratio of the two is 1:1.
[0014] The wall thickness of the silicon carbide hollow spheres is 55 μm - 200 μm, the compressive load is 38.1 N - 62.8 N, the density is 0.56 g / cm 3 - 1.15 g / cm 3 , and the specific strength is 5.47 MPa·cm 3 / g - 13.61 MPa·cm 3 / g.
[0015] The aluminum metal is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy.
[0016] The melting temperature is 750 ℃ - 775 ℃, and the filling pressure is 0.05 MPa - 2.00 MPa.
[0017] The volume fraction of the hollow spheres is 40% - 70%, and the remaining part includes the aluminum matrix between the hollow sphere particle gaps.
[0018] The significant advantages and beneficial effects of the present application are:
[0019] 1. The application provides a preparation method of silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam, which has a more stable structure, and compared with a metal matrix composite foam prepared by a stirring casting method, the hollow spheres are arranged more closely, have a larger porosity, and can avoid the problem of low-density silicon carbide hollow spheres floating on the top of the aluminum liquid, and compared with a mechanical extrusion casting method and a high-pressure infiltration method, the process is simple, the equipment requirement is low, and the technical difficulty is low. Moreover, the application is not only suitable for aluminum matrix, but also suitable for the preparation of other metal matrix (such as magnesium, zinc, etc.) composite foam.
[0020] 2. The application adopts silicon carbide hollow spheres as reinforcing particles, and compared with traditional alumina hollow spheres, fly ash hollow microspheres and glass hollow spheres, the shell structure is more dense, the compressive strength is higher, and the breakage rate is lower, so that the prepared reinforced composite foam has higher strength and good stability.
[0021] 3. The application innovatively adopts a filling mode combining two different particle sizes of silicon carbide hollow spheres, including double-particle-size layered filling and double-particle-size mixed filling, which has a higher hollow sphere filling volume fraction compared with single-particle-size filling, so as to obtain higher porosity in the composite foam material, and thus the energy absorption capacity of the material can be improved.
[0022] 4. The density of the silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam prepared by the application is 1.39 g·cm -3 , the compressive strength reaches 91.42 MPa under quasi-static compression, the platform stress reaches 65.97 MPa, the energy absorption capacity reaches 33.49 J·cm -3 , and the specific energy absorption reaches 22.00 J·g -1 . The compressive strength, energy absorption capacity and specific energy absorption of the silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced composite foam are higher than those of traditional particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam and traditional foaming method foam aluminum. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] Figure 1 It is a preparation flow chart of the silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam material of the application.
[0024] Figure 2 It is a physical map of the silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam material of the application.
[0025] Figure 3 It is a quasi-static compression stress-strain curve diagram of the silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam material of the application.
[0026] Figure 4Figures of the silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam material in different filling modes, (a) is single particle size filling, (b) is double particle size layered filling, and (c) is double particle size mixed filling.
[0027] In the figure: 1, aluminum block; 2, fixed sheet; 3, silicon carbide hollow sphere; 4, mold; 5, induction heating device; 6, heating furnace; 7, compressed air; 8, vacuum pump; 9, aluminum liquid; 10, silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below.
[0029] The features and performances of the present application are further described in detail below in combination with embodiments.
[0030] Embodiment 1
[0031] The preparation process of the silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam is as shown in Figure 1
[0032] Filler: silicon carbide hollow spheres 3 with a particle size of 4.45 mm and a wall thickness of 130 μm are filled into the bottom-end closed mold 4, so that they are compactly packed, and the fixed sheet 2 is covered on the top of the hollow spheres, and then the aluminum block 1 is placed on the fixed sheet 2.
[0033] Heating and melting: the air inside the heating furnace 6 cavity is discharged by the vacuum pump 8 to achieve a vacuum state, and heating is carried out by the induction heating device 5, the heating temperature is set to 750 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1 h.
[0034] Pressure infiltration: after the aluminum block is fully melted, the vacuum pump is closed, the compressed gas is introduced, the mold filling pressure value is set to 0.1 MPa, and under the action of the gas pressure, the molten aluminum liquid enters the gap between the hollow spheres through the gate in the middle of the fixed sheet, and the pressure holding time is set to 5 min, so that the aluminum liquid 9 is fully infiltrated.
[0035] Cooling and solidification: after the infiltration is completed, the furnace is cooled, the mold 4 is taken out of the heating furnace after it is cooled to room temperature, and the silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam material 10 is prepared by demolding.
[0036] Embodiment 2
[0037] Except that the particle size of the silicon carbide hollow spheres selected in step 1) is 3.45 mm and the wall thickness is 130 μm, all other steps and process parameters are the same as in embodiment 1.
[0038] Embodiment 3
[0039] The particle size of the silicon carbide hollow sphere selected in step 1) is 2.99 mm, and the wall thickness is 130 μm. All other steps and process parameters are the same as in Example 1.
[0040] Example 4
[0041] The particle size of the silicon carbide hollow sphere selected in step 1) is 2.35 mm, and the wall thickness is 130 μm. All other steps and process parameters are the same as in Example 1.
[0042] Example 5
[0043] The particle size of the silicon carbide hollow sphere selected in step 1) is 1.99 mm and 4.45 mm, and the wall thickness is 130 μm. The lower layer is first filled with small-particle-size silicon carbide hollow spheres with a particle size of 1.99 mm, and then the upper layer is filled with large-particle-size silicon carbide hollow spheres with a particle size of 4.45 mm. The filling height ratio of the lower layer to the upper layer is 1:1. All other steps and process parameters are the same as in Example 1.
[0044] Example 6
[0045] The particle size of the silicon carbide hollow sphere selected in step 1) is 1.99 mm and 4.45 mm, and the wall thickness is 130 μm. The small-particle-size silicon carbide hollow spheres with a particle size of 1.99 mm and the large-particle-size silicon carbide hollow spheres with a particle size of 4.45 mm are mixed and filled. The small-particle-size silicon carbide hollow spheres are uniformly distributed in the gap between two adjacent large-particle-size silicon carbide hollow spheres. All other steps and process parameters are the same as in Example 1.
[0046] Figure 2 The physical pictures of the silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam materials prepared in Examples 1 to 3 are shown. Through observation, it can be clearly seen that the silicon carbide hollow spheres are uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix, and the different silicon carbide hollow sphere structures are complete, and no phenomenon of aluminum liquid penetrating into the inside of the hollow sphere is found. The aluminum matrix composite foam material in the physical picture shows a good overall morphology, fully showing the maturity and stability of the preparation process.
[0047] Figure 3 The stress-strain curves of the silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam prepared in Examples 1 to 6 under quasi-static compression conditions are shown. The curves show that the aluminum matrix composite foam prepared with silicon carbide hollow spheres as reinforcing particles has high compression strength, energy absorption capacity and specific energy absorption.
[0048] Figure 4The different filling modes of the silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam prepared in Example 2, Example 5 and Example 6 are shown in the physical diagram. It is measured that the hollow sphere filling volume fraction is 56% in the single particle size filling mode, the hollow sphere filling volume fraction reaches 57% in the double particle size layered filling mode, and the hollow sphere filling volume fraction reaches 61% in the double particle size mixed filling mode. The filling of the hollow spheres with two different particle sizes can increase the volume fraction of the hollow spheres in the composite foam. The silicon carbide hollow sphere filling volume fraction results in the composite foam prepared in Example 1 to Example 6 are shown in Table 1.
[0049] Table 1 Physical property parameters of the silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam material
[0050] Particle size (mm) Filling method Hollow sphere filling volume fraction (%) Composite foam density (g-cm -3 )]> Example 1 4.45 Single particle size 56 1.39 Example 2 3.54 Single particle size 56 1.43 Example 3 2.99 Single particle size 56 1.48 Example 4 2.35 Single particle size 56 1.60 Example 5 1.99+4.45 Double particle size layering 57 1.49 Example 6 1.99+4.45 Double particle size mixing 61 1.44
[0051] Table 1 is the physical property parameters of the silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam material prepared in Example 1 to Example 6. The observation results show that the silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam has a lower density and can be used as a lightweight porous buffer material.
[0052] Table 2 Compression mechanical properties of the silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam material
[0053] Compressive strength (MPa) Plateau stress (MPa) Energy absorption capacity (J-cm -3 ) Specific energy absorption (J-g -1 )]]> Example 1 66.20 45.62 23.03 16.56 Example 2 68.65 52.66 26.07 18.23 Example 3 77.76 52.14 26.38 17.82 Example 4 91.42 41.90 33.49 20.93 Example 5 80.56 65.97 32.78 22.00 Example 6 76.65 53.42 26.81 18.75
[0054] Table 2 is the mechanical property parameters of the silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam material prepared in Example 1 to Example 6 under the condition of quasi-static compression. The compressive strength of the aluminum matrix composite foam material reaches 91.42 MPa, the platform stress reaches 65.97 MPa, the energy absorption capacity reaches 33.49 J·cm -3 , and the specific energy absorption reaches 22.00 J·g -1 . Compared with traditional aluminum oxide hollow spheres and glass hollow spheres, the silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced particles exhibit better compressive strength and energy absorption capacity, and far exceed the traditional foamed aluminum material prepared by the foaming method, and have great application prospects for being used as an energy absorption material for impact protection, vibration damping and explosion absorption.
[0055] The present application is not limited to the foregoing specific embodiments. The present application extends to any novel one, or any new combination, of the characteristics disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel method or process, or any new combination, disclosed.
[0056] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present application are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application. Based on the above description, other different forms of changes or variations can be made by those skilled in the art, and it is impossible to enumerate all the embodiments here. Any obvious changes or variations derived from the technical solutions of the present application are still within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A method for producing a silicon carbide hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam material, characterized by, It comprises the following steps: (1) packing the silicon carbide hollow spheres to the bottom end of the mold, making them tightly packed, with a fixed sheet in the middle and aluminum blocks on the upper layer; (2) heating the mold under vacuum conditions to melt the aluminum blocks and obtain molten aluminum liquid on the upper layer of the hollow spheres; (3) introducing compressed gas, according to a certain gas pressure and infiltration time, the aluminum liquid is infiltrated into the gaps between the tightly packed hollow spheres under the action of pressure; (4) after cooling, the silicon carbide reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam material is obtained.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the silicon carbide hollow spheres is 1.50 mm - 5.00 mm.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The packing mode of the silicon carbide hollow spheres is single particle size packing, double particle size layered packing and double particle size mixed packing.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main component of the silicon carbide hollow spheres is SiC, and the atomic percentage of Si and C in the silicon carbide hollow spheres is 51.7% and 46.6% respectively, and the ratio of the two is 1:
1.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wall thickness of the hollow silicon carbide sphere is 55 μm - 200 μm, the compression load is 38.1 N - 62.8 N, and the density is 0.56 g / cm 3 - 1.15 g / cm 3 , the specific strength is 5.47 MPa·cm 3 / g - 13.61 MPa·cm 3 / g.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aluminum metal is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy.
7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The melting temperature is 750 ℃ - 775 ℃, and the filling pressure is 0.05 MPa - 2.00 MPa.
8. The silicon carbide reinforced aluminum matrix composite foam material obtained by the production method of claim 1, characterized by, The volume fraction of the hollow sphere filling is 40% - 70%, and the remaining part includes the aluminum matrix between the hollow sphere particle gaps.