Precise cutting equipment and cutting method for cylindrical metal

Abstract

The invention discloses precise cutting equipment and a cutting method for cylindrical metal, and relates to the technical field of cutting, the precise cutting equipment comprises a machine base, a cutting assembly, a cutting assembly and a control assembly, the machine base is rotatably provided with a three-jaw chuck, and the three-jaw chuck is driven by a driving assembly; the centering assembly is arranged on the machine base, located on the opposite side of the three-jaw chuck and used for being matched with the three-jaw chuck to position a machined part; the limiting base is arranged on the machine base in a sliding mode and located between the three-jaw chuck and the centering assembly. And the cutting assembly is fixed to the limiting base, the cutting assembly can stably support the two sides of the cutting part of the machined part during cutting, the size stability of precise cutting can be improved, and the overall cutting precision is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cutting technology, and more specifically to a precision cutting device and cutting method for cylindrical metals. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of aerospace, precision instruments, and high-end equipment manufacturing, the requirements for machining accuracy of slender cylindrical metal parts are increasing. Traditional machining methods face multiple technical bottlenecks: First, due to the insufficient rigidity of slender shaft parts, radial runout is easily generated under centrifugal force, resulting in vibration marks on the machined surface, and making it difficult to control the form and position tolerances within the appropriate range; second, the traditional three-jaw chuck clamping method causes dynamic deflection deformation of the workpiece, which seriously restricts the machining accuracy.

[0003] In addition, there are some corresponding solutions that involve setting up a support mechanism between the three-jaw chuck and the ejector pin. For example, the invention patent application with publication number CN119525617A discloses a turning device for bolt processing production. The lathe body consists of a bed, a drive assembly, a clamping assembly for holding the workpiece, and a cutting tool set on top of the drive assembly. Both the drive assembly and the clamping assembly are set on the bed. In this application, the three-jaw chuck, ejector pin, and support assembly provide double support for the workpiece during the entire turning process. During the entire turning process, the support assembly is always located a short distance to the left of the cutting tool, and as the cutting tool gradually moves to the left of the workpiece, the support assembly also moves synchronously to ensure that the cutting point of the cutting tool is always located at the support assembly. However, as the cutting tool feeds, even if the cutting point of the cutting tool is always located at the support assembly, it will still gradually move away from the ejector pin. At this time, radial runout and other problems may still occur between the ejector pin and the support assembly.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a precision cutting device and cutting method for cylindrical metals to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a precision cutting device for cylindrical metal, comprising: a base on which a three-jaw chuck is rotatably mounted, the three-jaw chuck being driven by a drive assembly; a centering assembly disposed on the base and located on the opposite side of the three-jaw chuck, for cooperating with the three-jaw chuck to position the workpiece; a limiting seat slidably disposed on the base and located between the three-jaw chuck and the centering assembly; and a cutting assembly fixed to the limiting seat, the cutting assembly being able to stabilize both sides of the cutting portion of the workpiece during cutting.

[0006] Preferably, the cutting assembly includes: a cutting seat, one end of which is embedded with a first stabilizing cylinder, and the other end of which is fixedly spaced with a second stabilizing cylinder; a cutting tool, which is fixed on a tool holder, and the tool holder is vertically limited and slidably disposed in the first stabilizing cylinder; a lead screw, which is rotatably disposed in the cutting seat and is connected to the tool holder for transmission, and the cutting seat is also provided with a handle fixedly connected to the lead screw; both the first stabilizing cylinder and the second stabilizing cylinder are provided with a plurality of stabilizing components arranged in a circumferential array.

[0007] Preferably, the stabilizing assembly includes: a mounting base with four rectangularly distributed connecting rods hinged thereon; a stabilizing seat supported by the four connecting rods; a telescopic device fixed to the mounting base and having an output end; an elastic telescopic rod hinged between the output end and the stabilizing seat; and a plurality of omnidirectional balls provided on the stabilizing seat.

[0008] Preferably, both the first stabilizing cylinder and the cutting seat are provided with chip removal channels.

[0009] Preferably, a chip removal cylinder is rotatably disposed in the first stabilizing cylinder, and the chip removal cylinder has a plurality of through holes that are evenly distributed in a circumferential direction. The through holes extend radially along the chip removal cylinder, and a chip removal block is slidably disposed in the through hole. An elastic reset cylinder is connected between the chip removal block and the through hole.

[0010] Preferably, the chip removal block has a polishing layer at one end near the workpiece and a gravity layer at the other end.

[0011] Preferably, a driven wheel is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the chip removal cylinder, a motor is fixed on one side of the cutting seat, a driving wheel is fixed at the output end of the motor, and the driving wheel and the driven wheel are connected by a transmission belt.

[0012] A cutting method for cylindrical metal includes the following steps: S1. Pass the workpiece through the drive assembly and fix it by the three-jaw chuck, so that the length of the workpiece extending out of the three-jaw chuck is greater than the processing distance; S2. The protruding portion of the workpiece is gradually cut using the cutting assembly; S3. Control the three-jaw chuck to reset, and after adjusting the axial position of the workpiece, the three-jaw chuck and the centering assembly form a double-end positioning; S4. The remaining unprocessed portion of the workpiece is gradually cut using the cutting assembly.

[0013] Preferably, the machining distance is the axial distance between the cutting tool and the right end of the second stabilizing cylinder.

[0014] Preferably, the cutting assembly provides stable support to both sides of the cutting portion of the workpiece during the cutting process.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a precision cutting device and cutting method for cylindrical metals, which has the following beneficial effects: In the present invention, a span-type mechanical balance system is formed by setting a first stabilizing cylinder and a second stabilizing cylinder at both ends of the cutting seat, which significantly improves the dimensional stability of precision cutting.

[0016] This invention employs a composite structure of a double parallelogram mechanism and an elastic telescopic rod, ensuring that the support seat maintains a motion trajectory parallel to the axis of the workpiece. When the workpiece experiences radial vibration, the elastic telescopic rod absorbs the vibration energy through axial deformation, while the universal ball joint provides adaptive contact. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a precision cutting device for cylindrical metals; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a precision cutting device for cylindrical metals; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a cutting component in a precision cutting device for cylindrical metals; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a cutting component in a precision cutting device for cylindrical metals; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a cutting method for cylindrical metal. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the chip removal block and the elastic reset cylinder in the chip removal cylinder; In the diagram: 1. Machine base; 2. Three-jaw chuck; 3. Drive assembly; 4. Lead screw and nut pair; 5. Moving seat; 6. Limit seat; 7. Centering assembly; 8. Cutting assembly; 9. Workpiece; 81. Cutting seat; 82. First stabilizing cylinder; 83. Second stabilizing cylinder; 84. Motor; 85. Chip removal cylinder; 86. Stabilizing assembly; 87. Handle; 88. Chip removal block; 89. Cutting tool; 810. Driven wheel; 811. Drive wheel; 812. Chip removal channel; 861. Mounting base; 862. Connecting rod; 863. Stabilizing seat; 864. Universal ball; 865. Elastic telescopic rod; 866. Telescopic device; D. Machining distance. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms are interchangeable where appropriate; this is merely a way of distinguishing objects with the same attributes in the embodiments of this application. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but may include other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to those processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0019] Example: Please refer to Figures 1-7 In this embodiment of the invention, a precision cutting device for cylindrical metal is provided, comprising: a base 1 on which a three-jaw chuck 2 is rotatably mounted, the three-jaw chuck 2 being driven by a drive assembly 3; a centering assembly 7 disposed on the base 1 and located on the opposite side of the three-jaw chuck 2, for cooperating with the three-jaw chuck 2 to position a workpiece 9; a limiting seat 6 slidably disposed on the base 1 and located between the three-jaw chuck 2 and the centering assembly 7; and a cutting assembly 8 fixed to the limiting seat 6, the cutting assembly 8 being able to stabilize both sides of the cutting portion of the workpiece 9 during cutting.

[0020] The base 1 is also provided with a lead screw and nut assembly 4, which drives the moving seat 5 to move, and the moving seat 5 is connected to the limit seat 6.

[0021] Therefore, the implementation includes the following steps: S1. The workpiece 9 is passed through the drive assembly 3 and fixed by the three-jaw chuck 2, so that the length of the workpiece 9 extending out of the three-jaw chuck 2 is greater than the processing distance D; S2. The extended part of the workpiece 9 is gradually cut by the cutting assembly 8; S3. The three-jaw chuck 2 is controlled to reset, and after adjusting the axial position of the workpiece 9, the three-jaw chuck 2 and the centering assembly 7 form a double-end positioning; S4. The remaining part to be processed of the workpiece 9 is gradually cut by the cutting assembly 8.

[0022] Wherein, the processing distance D is the axial distance between the cutting tool 89 and the right end of the second stabilizing cylinder 83.

[0023] The three-jaw chuck 2 rotates under the drive assembly 3, and its jaws fix one end of the workpiece 9 with radial clamping force. The centering assembly 7 provides axial support from the opposite side, forming a double-end positioning structure by contacting the end face of the workpiece 9. When performing cutting operations, the cutting assembly 8 forms a wrap-around support on both sides of the cutting area of ​​the workpiece 9 through its structure. This stabilizing mechanism can effectively resist the bending moment generated by the cutting force, suppress the radial runout and offset of the workpiece 9, and maintain the dynamic stability of the cutting process.

[0024] The three-jaw chuck 2 and the drive assembly 3 that drives the three-jaw chuck 2 to rotate are both existing mechanisms and will not be described in detail here.

[0025] The cutting assembly 8 includes: a cutting base 81, one end of which is embedded with a first stabilizing cylinder 82, and the other end is fixedly fitted with a second stabilizing cylinder 83 at a distance. The first stabilizing cylinder 82 serves as the proximal support for the cutting operation, and the second stabilizing cylinder 83 serves as the distal support, forming a span-type support structure with the first stabilizing cylinder 82; a cutting tool 89, which is fixed on a tool holder, and the tool holder is vertically limited and slidably disposed in the first stabilizing cylinder 82; a lead screw, which is rotatably disposed in the cutting base 81 and is connected to the tool holder for transmission. The cutting base 81 is also provided with a handle 87 fixedly connected to the lead screw. When the lead screw is driven to rotate by the handle 87, its threaded joint converts the rotational motion into the linear displacement of the tool holder, thereby completing the precise adjustment of the cutting depth; both the first stabilizing cylinder 82 and the second stabilizing cylinder 83 are provided with multiple stabilizing components 86 arranged in a circumferential array. The circumferential array of stabilizing components 86 in the two stabilizing cylinders (first stabilizing cylinder 82 and second stabilizing cylinder 83) acts simultaneously on the surface of the workpiece 9, and the bending moment generated by the cutting force is offset by the multi-point uniform load, so that the machining area forms a quasi-static mechanical equilibrium.

[0026] Specifically, the stabilizing assembly 86 includes: a mounting base 861 on which four rectangularly distributed connecting rods 862 are hinged; a stabilizing seat 863, which is supported by the four connecting rods 862; a telescopic device 866, which is fixed to the mounting base 861 and has an output end; an elastic telescopic rod 865, which is hinged between the output end and the stabilizing seat 863; and a plurality of omnidirectional balls 864 are also provided on the stabilizing seat 863.

[0027] Four connecting rods 862 are arranged in a rectangular pattern to form a double parallelogram mechanism, ensuring that the stabilizer 863 maintains a motion trajectory parallel to the axis of the workpiece 9 under the drive of the telescoping device 866. When the output end of the telescoping device 866 extends or retracts, the elastic telescoping rod 865 undergoes axial deformation, which is converted into translational motion of the stabilizer 863 through the hinged transmission of the connecting rods 862, providing preload while forming a damping system. When the workpiece 9 generates radial vibration, the elastic telescoping rod 865 absorbs vibration energy through axial deformation.

[0028] In this embodiment, both the first stabilizing cylinder 82 and the cutting seat 81 are provided with chip removal channels 812.

[0029] In this embodiment, a chip removal cylinder 85 is rotatably disposed in the first stabilizing cylinder 82. The chip removal cylinder 85 has a plurality of through holes that are evenly distributed in a circumferential direction. The through holes extend radially along the chip removal cylinder 85. A chip removal block 88 is slidably disposed in the through hole. An elastic reset cylinder is connected between the chip removal block 88 and the through hole.

[0030] When the chip removal cylinder 85 rotates, the chip removal block 88 slides outward under the action of centrifugal force, while being pulled by the elastic element (elastic reset cylinder). At a stable rotational speed, the centrifugal force and the elastic force reach a balance, so that the extension of the chip removal block 88 is automatically adjusted with the rotational speed, achieving dynamic adaptation.

[0031] When rotating at high speed, centrifugal force causes the chip removal block 88 to move outward, removing adhering debris through scraping action; when rotating at low speed, the elastic element contracts, causing the chip removal block 88 to move inward, using the end grinding layer for surface polishing, thus achieving the dual functions of chip removal and surface treatment.

[0032] Furthermore, the chip removal block 88 has a polishing layer at one end near the workpiece 9 and a gravity layer at the other end.

[0033] The gravity layer is made of high-density material, which significantly enhances the centrifugal force effect when the chip removal cylinder 85 rotates. As the rotation speed increases, the inertial force of the gravity layer causes the radial extension of the chip removal block 88 to increase. The grinding layer is made of hard particle composite material, which contacts the surface of the workpiece 9 when the chip removal block 88 is in the retracted state. When the chip removal cylinder 85 operates at low speed, the grinding layer removes burrs from the surface of the workpiece 9 through micro-cutting action, simultaneously achieving chip removal and surface finishing.

[0034] In this embodiment, a driven wheel 810 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the chip removal cylinder 85, a motor 84 is fixed on one side of the cutting seat 81, and a driving wheel 811 is fixed at the output end of the motor 84. The driving wheel 811 and the driven wheel 810 are connected by a transmission belt.

[0035] This embodiment also provides a cutting method for cylindrical metal, including the following steps: S1. Passing the workpiece 9 through the drive assembly 3 and fixing it with the three-jaw chuck 2, so that the length of the workpiece 9 extending out of the three-jaw chuck 2 is greater than the processing distance D; S2. Gradually cutting the extended part of the workpiece 9 by the cutting assembly 8; S3. Controlling the three-jaw chuck 2 to reset, adjusting the axial position of the workpiece 9, and then forming a double-end positioning by the three-jaw chuck 2 and the centering assembly 7; S4. Gradually cutting the remaining part to be processed of the workpiece 9 by the cutting assembly 8.

[0036] Wherein, the processing distance D is the axial distance between the cutting tool 89 and the right end of the second stabilizing cylinder 83.

[0037] In addition, the cutting assembly 8 provides stable support to both sides of the cutting part of the workpiece 9 during the cutting process.

[0038] In step S1, the workpiece 9 is allowed an extension beyond the machining distance D to provide the cutting tool 89 with a complete cutting stroke space. During the cutting process, the cutting assembly 8 forms a span-type support structure through the first stabilizing cylinder 82 and the second stabilizing cylinder 83. The stabilizing assemblies 86 of the two circumferential arrays of the stabilizing cylinders work synchronously to build a mechanical equilibrium field on both sides of the cutting area, thereby reducing the deflection deformation of the workpiece 9 under the action of cutting force.

[0039] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A precision cutting device for cylindrical metal, characterized in that, include: A base (1) on which a three-jaw chuck (2) is rotatably mounted, the three-jaw chuck (2) being driven by a drive assembly (3); Centering component (7), which is disposed on the machine base (1) and located on the opposite side of the three-jaw chuck (2), is used to cooperate with the three-jaw chuck (2) to position the workpiece (9). The limiting seat (6) is slidably disposed on the machine base (1) and located between the three-jaw chuck (2) and the centering component (7); The cutting assembly (8) is fixed on the limiting seat (6) and can stabilize both sides of the cutting part of the workpiece (9) during cutting. The cutting assembly (8) includes: The cutting seat (81) has a first stabilizing cylinder (82) embedded at one end and a second stabilizing cylinder (83) fixed at the other end at a distance. A cutting tool (89) is fixed on a tool holder, which is vertically limited and slidably disposed in the first stabilizing cylinder (82); The lead screw is rotatably disposed in the cutting seat (81) and is connected to the tool holder in a transmission. The cutting seat (81) is also provided with a handle (87) that is fixedly connected to the lead screw. Both the first stabilizing cylinder (82) and the second stabilizing cylinder are provided with a plurality of stabilizing components (86) arranged in a circular array. The stabilizing component (86) includes: Mounting base (861), on which four rectangular connecting rods (862) are hinged. The stabilizing seat (863) is hinged and supported by the four links (862) mentioned above; The telescopic device (866) is fixed to the mounting base (861) and has an output end; An elastic telescopic rod (865) is hinged between the output end and the support seat (863); The stabilizer (863) is also equipped with multiple omnidirectional balls (864).

2. The precision cutting equipment for cylindrical metals according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first stabilizing cylinder (82) and the cutting seat (81) are provided with chip removal channels (812).

3. The precision cutting equipment for cylindrical metals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first stabilizing cylinder (82) is rotatably provided with a chip removal cylinder (85). The chip removal cylinder (85) has a plurality of through holes that are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The through holes extend radially along the chip removal cylinder (85). A chip removal block (88) is slidably provided in the through hole. An elastic reset cylinder is connected between the chip removal block (88) and the through hole.

4. The precision cutting equipment for cylindrical metals according to claim 3, characterized in that, The chip removal block (88) has a polishing layer at one end near the workpiece (9) and a gravity layer at the other end.

5. The precision cutting equipment for cylindrical metals according to claim 3, characterized in that, The chip removal cylinder (85) is fixedly fitted with a driven wheel (810), and a motor (84) is fixed on one side of the cutting seat (81). The output end of the motor (84) is fixed with a driving wheel (811). The driving wheel (811) and the driven wheel (810) are connected by a transmission belt.

6. A method for cutting cylindrical metal, comprising using a precision cutting apparatus for cylindrical metal as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Pass the workpiece (9) through the drive assembly (3) and fix it by the three-jaw chuck (2) so that the length of the workpiece (9) extending out of the three-jaw chuck (2) is greater than the processing distance (D); S2. The protruding portion of the workpiece (9) is gradually cut by the cutting assembly (8); S3. Control the three-jaw chuck (2) to reset, and after adjusting the axial position of the workpiece (9), the three-jaw chuck (2) and the centering assembly (7) form a double-end positioning; S4. The remaining unprocessed portion of the workpiece (9) is gradually cut by the cutting assembly (8).

7. The cutting method for cylindrical metal according to claim 6, characterized in that, The machining distance (D) is the axial distance between the cutting tool (89) and the right end of the second stabilizing cylinder (83).

8. The cutting method for cylindrical metal according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cutting assembly (8) provides stable support to both sides of the cutting part of the workpiece (9) during the cutting process.

Images