Gasification burner structure

Abstract

The gasification burner structure comprises 1-5 channels which are arranged in sequence, a blocking plate is arranged in the channel 1, a first opening and a second opening are formed in the lower portion of the channel 1 to achieve communication with the channel 2, and a third opening is formed in the upper portion of the channel 1; the total area of the first opening and the second opening is smaller than or equal to the outlet area of the first channel, the area of the third opening is 1.5-2 times that of the first opening, the included angle of 45-60 degrees can be formed in the first opening, the problem of nozzle channel ablation is solved through the structure, continuous and stable operation for more than 2 months is achieved, 60-110% load undisturbed adjustment can be supported, and the service life of the nozzle is prolonged. The method is suitable for various gasification and incineration scenes, and economic benefits are remarkable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of petrochemical gasification equipment, specifically relating to a gasification burner structure that can optimize flow rate and velocity matching and ensure stable operation of the equipment. Background Technology

[0002] As a key process unit in the upgrading and renovation project of the integrated refining and chemical industry, the oil residue hydrogen production unit needs to process the oil residue from the slurry bed hydrogenation unit, as well as catalytic oil slurry, chemical tar, oily waste liquid, and other materials. Its operating flexibility is 60-110%, and the designed annual operating time is 8400 hours. The gasifier uses a multi-channel external mixing burner, with oxygen entering the burner through two channels: channel 2 and channel 4. The middle channel is channel 3 (heavy oil channel), and channel 5 is set outside channel 4, while channel 1 is set inside channel 2 for steam introduction.

[0003] However, due to limitations in the burner's own structure and the configuration of external pipelines, there is an inconsistency in the flow rate and velocity matching of each channel. Although the flow rate of each channel is theoretically sufficient, the external flame has high rigidity and excessive encapsulation, while the internal medium has weak outward pushing force, resulting in frequent burner channel erosion and damage. This makes it difficult for the gasifier to achieve long-term continuous operation, seriously affecting the production safety and stability of the unit. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the burner structure to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a gasification burner structure that effectively solves the problems of burner damage and short operating cycle, achieves stable operation of the gasifier system, improves and optimizes the burner structure, and ensures stable combustion by adjusting the steam volume to match the flow rate of each channel, thereby extending its operating cycle.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0006] The present invention discloses a gasification burner structure, wherein the gasification burner comprises independent and sequentially arranged channels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, wherein channels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are respectively a steam channel, an oxygen channel, a heavy oil channel, an oxygen channel, and a steam channel; the characteristic feature is that a sealing plate is provided in channel 1 for sealing, and the sealing plate is located near the upper end of channel 1.

[0007] From top to bottom, a second opening and a first opening are respectively made on channel 1 below the sealing plate, and channel 1 and channel 2 are interconnected through the first opening and the second opening. A third opening is made on channel 1 above the sealing plate. Channel 1 is connected to a steam regulating valve. The steam regulating valve of channel 1 can adjust the steam flow rate to match the oxygen flow rate of channel 2 and channel 4, thereby achieving stable combustion of the burner flame.

[0008] Preferably, there are multiple first openings and second openings, and the combined opening area of ​​the first openings and second openings is less than or equal to the end face opening area at the outlet end of the channel.

[0009] Several first and second openings can reduce the pressure of the steam coming from channel 1, so that the steam in channel 1 is depressurized to match the pressure in channel 2, and prevent the steam from channel 1 from overpowering the oxygen in channel 2.

[0010] Specifically: The first and second openings are designed with a porous structure to reduce the pressure of the steam coming from channel 1. The size and number of holes of the first and second openings can be calculated based on the required pressure drop. The purpose is to reduce the pressure of the steam in channel 1 to be basically the same as or slightly higher than the pressure of the medium in channel 2, so as to prevent the steam coming from channel 1 from pushing against the oxygen in channel 2.

[0011] Preferably, there are several third openings, and the opening area of ​​the third opening is 1.5-2 times the opening area at the outlet end of channel 1, so that the media of channel 1 and channel 2 can be redistributed to channel 1 and channel 2 after merging, and the optimal result can achieve average distribution.

[0012] Preferably, the first opening forms an angle with the axis of the channel 1.

[0013] Preferably, the included angle range is 45°-60°; whether the first opening forms a certain angle with the burner channel axis is set according to the pressure difference between the steam supplied by channel 1 and the oxygen in channel 2. If the pressure difference is too large, the first opening is opened at an angle not perpendicular to the axis of channel 1. After the steam enters channel 2 through the inclined first opening, it forms a certain driving force, increasing the driving force for mixing the steam in channel 2 and channel 1. That is, it is specifically determined according to the pressure difference between the steam supplied by channel 1 and the oxygen in channel 2. When the pressure difference is too large, the opening is made at an angle not perpendicular to the burner axis.

[0014] Preferably, the sealing plate is any one of a flat plate, a conical plate, or a head.

[0015] Preferably, channels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are fed independently. The oxygen for channels 2 and 4 is supplied by a main oxygen pipe and splits into two streams from the main oxygen pipe into channels 2 and 4 respectively.

[0016] Beneficial effects: It can effectively solve the problems of burner damage and short operating cycle, realize the stable operation of gasifier system, carry out improvement and optimization of burner structure, and ensure stable combustion of burner by adjusting steam volume to match the flow rate of each channel, thereby extending its operating cycle. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the burner structure in the existing technology.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the channel 1 structure in the burner structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Design principle / origin of the technical solution of this invention:

[0021] Existing heavy oil gasification burners have 5 channels (e.g.) Figure 1 As shown, each channel is independently fed, and materials are transported to each channel through pipelines. Oxygen for channels 2 and 4 comes from the main oxygen pipe and is split into two streams, entering channels 2 and 4 respectively, regulated by an oxygen regulating valve on channel 2. However, since channel 4 lacks an oxygen regulating valve and is only limited by a flow restrictor plate, the burner's operating load frequently fluctuates during production, making online flow regulation of oxygen in channel 4 impossible. Steam for channels 1 and 5 is regulated by steam regulating valves. Without changing the overall pipeline layout, this application chooses to adjust the steam flow entering channel 1 by modifying the burner structure to regulate the flow rate of channel 2, achieving a near-consistent oxygen flow rate in channels 2 and 4. This technical solution is primarily based on the following economic and practical production considerations:

[0022] 1. The equipment needs to operate continuously, and it is desirable for the burners to operate for as long a cycle as possible. Modifying the structure of burner channel 1 requires little time and costs that are almost negligible. It can be implemented quickly without affecting the continuous production of the equipment, ensuring the long-term operation of the burners.

[0023] 2. The oxygen regulating valve on the original second channel was ineffective, remaining fully open throughout burner operation. Adding an adjustable oxygen valve to the fourth channel would be costly, requiring a substantial investment (at least 600,000 RMB per valve) and corresponding modifications to the piping. The overall investment would be substantial and time-consuming, failing to resolve the production issue quickly. Furthermore, even if a valve meeting production requirements could be designed, the fastest delivery time after calibration would be at least 5 months. Adding design approval, procurement, and post-delivery installation, the valve modification could take 7-8 months, far from meeting the current production need for rapid problem-solving. Therefore, using a single-channel steam regulating valve is currently the most economical, efficient, and quickest solution.

[0024] In this application, the basic construction of the burner channels is as follows: First, confirm that all five channels (channels 1-5) of the burner can be fed independently, connect the corresponding material conveying pipelines, connect channels 2 and 4 to the oxygen main pipe, install a flow limiting orifice plate on channel 4, and connect channels 1 and 5 to the steam source, and install steam regulating valves respectively.

[0025] In this application, the structural modification operation of channel 1 is as follows: The designed distance can be adjusted according to actual needs. A sealing plate 5 with a flat plate, conical plate, or end cap structure is used to seal the end of channel 1. Then, the first opening 1 and the second opening 2 are precisely opened on channel 1. The combined opening area of ​​the first opening 1 and the second opening 2 is strictly controlled to be less than or equal to the opening area at point 4, and the opening area of ​​the third opening 3 is 1.5-2 times the opening area at point 4. The angle of the first opening 1 is determined based on the actual pressure difference between the steam in channel 1 and the oxygen in channel 2. When the pressure difference is too large, it is machined into a 45° or 60° angled hole.

[0026] Operation Adjustment and Monitoring: During unit operation, the steam flow rate is adjusted via the steam regulating valve in channel 1 based on the production load and the actual operating conditions of the burners. The medium flow rates in channels 2 and 4 are monitored in real time, and the steam flow rate is fine-tuned based on the monitoring results to maintain a relatively consistent oxygen flow rate between channels 2 and 4, ensuring stable combustion of the burner flame. Furthermore, the condition of the burner channels is regularly inspected to evaluate the effectiveness of structural improvements and optimize operating parameters as needed.

[0027] Specific implementation examples (illustrative, not unique):

[0028] I. Explanation of the Core Structure of the Implementation Example

[0029] The gasification burner structure disclosed in this embodiment is suitable for oil residue hydrogen production units and can handle materials such as oil residue, catalytic slurry, and chemical tar from slurry bed hydrogenation units. It has an operational flexibility of 60-110% and a designed annual operating time of 8400 hours. Its core is the structural optimization of the single-channel (central steam channel) of the original multi-channel external mixing burner. Through a combination of sealing and opening designs, the burner erosion problem caused by flow rate and velocity mismatch in each channel is solved.

[0030] The burner contains five independent and coaxially arranged channels, from the inside out as follows:

[0031] Channel 1: Steam channel, connected to a steam regulating valve, which can adjust the steam flow rate;

[0032] Channel 2: Oxygen channel, connected to the main oxygen line, for delivering oxygen;

[0033] 3 channels: Heavy oil channel, for conveying oily materials such as oil residue and oil slurry;

[0034] 4-channel: Oxygen channel, connected to the main oxygen pipe, for delivering oxygen;

[0035] 5-channel: Steam channel, with independent steam supply and controlled by a separate steam regulating valve.

[0036] II. Key Structural Improvement Details

[0037] Blocking plate design: A blocking plate 5 is installed near the upper end of channel 1. The material is a high-temperature resistant alloy, and the structure can be a flat plate, a conical plate, or a head (in this embodiment, a conical plate is preferred because it has higher strength and reduces media impact). The blocking plate divides channel 1 into upper and lower sections, blocking the path of steam directly ejected from the outlet end of channel 1.

[0038] Opening layout and parameters: First opening 1 and second opening 2: Two sets of perforated structures are opened from top to bottom on the straight pipe section of channel 1 below the sealing plate. The total area of ​​the two sets of openings is ≤ the opening area of ​​the end face of channel 1 outlet (80% in this embodiment), the hole diameter is 5-8mm, and the number of holes is 12 (6 on the top and 6 on the bottom).

[0039] The first opening 1 is at a 45° angle to the axis of channel 1 (because the pressure difference between steam in channel 1 and oxygen in channel 2 is large). When the steam enters channel 2 through the inclined hole, it forms a lateral thrust, which enhances the mixing effect of the media in the two channels.

[0040] The second opening 2 is perpendicular to the channel axis to assist in steam diversion. The opening parameters are determined by pressure drop calculation to ensure that the pressure of the steam in channel 1 after depressurization is basically consistent with the oxygen pressure in channel 2 (error ≤ 5%), thus avoiding steam "pushing" oxygen and causing flow turbulence.

[0041] Third opening 3: A multi-hole structure is opened in the straight pipe section of channel 1 above the sealing plate. The total area of ​​the openings is 1.8 times the area of ​​the outlet end of channel 1 (in this embodiment, the outlet end diameter is 100mm, and the total area of ​​the third opening is approximately 2827mm²). 2 The device has 16 holes, each with a diameter of 10mm. This design ensures that the mixing medium in channel 1 and channel 2 can be evenly distributed back to the two channels.

[0042] III. Working Process and Principles

[0043] Medium transport stage: Channel 1 is supplied with high-pressure steam (pressure 1.2MPa), and the flow rate is controlled by a steam regulating valve; Channels 2 and 4 respectively obtain oxygen from the oxygen main pipe (pressure 0.8MPa), and there is an initial deviation between the two oxygen flow rates; Channel 3 transports oil residue (temperature 280℃, viscosity 800cP); Channel 5 is supplied with protective steam (pressure 1.0MPa) to isolate the burner head from the direct impact of the high-temperature flame.

[0044] Medium mixing and diversion stage: Steam in channel 1, blocked by the sealing plate, enters channel 2 through the first opening 1 and the second opening 2, where it mixes with oxygen. The obliquely set first opening 1 generates axial thrust, pushing the mixed medium towards the burner head; the mixed medium flows back to the upper section of channel 1 through the third opening 3, realizing the redistribution of the medium between channel 1 and channel 2, and finally the two media are ejected from the outlet of channel 1 and the outlet of channel 2, respectively.

[0045] Flow rate regulation and flame stabilization stage:

[0046] By adjusting the steam regulating valve in channel 1: when the oxygen flow rate in channel 2 is lower than that in channel 4 (difference > 10%), the steam flow rate is increased to boost the flow rate of the mixing medium in channel 2 using steam thrust; when the flow rate in channel 2 is too high, the steam flow rate is reduced to decrease the kinetic energy of the mixing medium. Ultimately, the flow rate deviation between channels 2 and 4 is controlled within 5%, forming a stable flame with "soft inside and rigid outside." The mixed flow rate of steam and oxygen on the inner side is moderate, preventing the internal medium from being excessively pushed outward; the oxygen flow rate in channel 4 on the outer side is stable, ensuring flame rigidity and reducing the risk of burner channel erosion.

[0047] IV. Implementation Results

[0048] This embodiment was tested in the refining and chemical integration project of Zhejiang Petrochemical Co., Ltd. The burner operated continuously and stably for more than 2 months. During this period, there were no obvious ablation marks in any channel of the burner, and the head temperature was stable at 350-400℃.

[0049] The gasifier's furnace temperature fluctuation range is ≤±20℃, meeting the process requirements; through a single-channel steam regulation, the load can be switched online without disturbance from 60% to 110%, satisfying the unit's operational flexibility requirements.

[0050] This structure requires no changes to the original pipeline layout and can significantly improve the burner life with only local modifications. It is suitable for scenarios such as heavy oil gasification, residual oil gasification, and oily waste liquid incineration, and has high practical value.

[0051] Finally, it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and many variations are possible. All variations that can be directly derived or conceived by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gasification burner structure, the gasification burner comprising independently arranged channels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, wherein channels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are respectively a steam channel, an oxygen channel, a heavy oil channel, and a steam channel, characterized in that, A sealing plate (5) is provided in the channel 1 for sealing, and the sealing plate (5) is located near the upper end of the channel 1; From top to bottom, a second opening (2) and a first opening (1) are respectively opened on channel 1 below the sealing plate (5), and channel 1 and channel 2 are interconnected through the first opening (1) and the second opening (2). A third opening (3) is opened on channel 1 above the sealing plate (5). Channel 1 is connected to a steam regulating valve. The steam regulating valve of channel 1 can adjust the steam flow rate to match the oxygen flow rate of channel 2 and channel 4, thereby achieving stable combustion of the burner flame.

2. The gasification burner structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first opening (1) and the second opening (2) are provided in several ways. The combined opening area of ​​the first opening (1) and the second opening (2) is less than or equal to the opening area of ​​the end face at the outlet end of the channel. Several first openings (1) and second openings (2) can reduce the pressure of the steam coming from channel 1, reduce the pressure of the steam in channel 1 to match the pressure in channel 2, and prevent the steam coming from channel 1 from pushing against the oxygen in channel 2.

3. A gasification burner structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The third opening (3) is provided in several parts, and the opening area of ​​the third opening (3) is 1.5-2 times the opening area at the outlet end of channel 1, so as to realize that the medium of channel 1 and channel 2 can be redistributed to channel 1 and channel 2 after merging.

4. A gasification burner structure according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, An angle is formed between the first opening (1) and the axis of channel 1.

5. The gasification burner structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The included angle range is 45°-60°; whether the first opening (1) and the burner channel axis form a certain angle is set according to the pressure difference between the steam supplied by channel 1 and the oxygen in channel 2. If the pressure difference is too large, the first opening (1) is opened at an angle that is not perpendicular to the axis of channel 1. After the steam enters channel 2 through the inclined first opening (1), it forms a certain driving force, which increases the driving force for mixing the steam in channel 2 and channel 1.

6. The gasification burner structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing plate (5) can be any one of a flat plate, a conical plate, or a head.

7. The gasification burner structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Channels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are each fed independently. The oxygen for channels 2 and 4 is supplied by a main oxygen pipe and splits into two streams from the main oxygen pipe, which then enter channels 2 and 4 respectively.

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