Self-adapting variable-diameter drilling equipment and temperature-stable construction method in alpine permafrost region

Abstract

The application discloses a high-cold frozen soil area self-adaptive variable-diameter drilling equipment and a temperature-stable construction method, relates to the technical field of building engineering construction equipment, and particularly relates to a high-cold frozen soil area self-adaptive variable-diameter drilling equipment. The equipment comprises a main body, and a drilling assembly is fixedly connected to the top of the main body. The multiple-blade structure is used, and each blade is equipped with an independent electric heating wire. The electric heating wire can preheat the blade during drilling, prevents the blade from being embrittled due to low temperature, prolongs the service life of the drill bit, and the multiple telescopic auxiliary rotary drill bits are uniformly distributed around the main drill bit. The telescopic rod controls the auxiliary rotary drill bit to automatically adjust the telescopic length of the auxiliary rotary drill bit according to the hardness of the frozen soil layer and the drilling depth, so that the total diameter of the drill bit is changed, and the drilling requirement of different diameters is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of construction equipment technology, specifically to adaptive variable diameter drilling equipment and temperature-stabilized construction method for high-altitude permafrost regions. Background Technology

[0002] In engineering construction in high-altitude permafrost regions, drilling is not only a crucial part of foundation construction but also key to the smooth progress of the entire project. However, the extremely harsh natural environment of this region presents a series of severe challenges to drilling operations. The permafrost layer in high-altitude permafrost regions can typically reach tens or even hundreds of meters in thickness, with a hardness far exceeding that of ordinary soil, resembling solid rock. This causes severe wear on drill bits, resulting in frequent drill bit damage and replacements with traditional drilling equipment, significantly reducing construction efficiency. Moreover, the temperature in this region is consistently below zero, with winter temperatures reaching tens of degrees below zero. The low temperature environment not only makes the metal parts of the drilling equipment brittle and hard, increasing the risk of equipment damage, but also causes ice debris generated during drilling to freeze on the drill rod, affecting its normal rotation and lifting, further exacerbating the difficulty of drilling operations.

[0003] Traditional drilling rigs experience rapid wear on drill bits in the extreme environments of high-altitude permafrost regions. Because permafrost is not only hard but also contains a large amount of ice crystals, these crystals create intense friction and impact on the drill bit's cutting edge during drilling, causing it to dull quickly and even chip. To ensure drilling depth and quality, workers must frequently replace drill bits, increasing costs and significantly extending construction time. More importantly, traditional drilling rigs cannot flexibly adjust the drilling diameter according to actual project needs. In high-altitude permafrost regions, the complex and varied geological conditions necessitate different hole diameters at different depths and locations to meet design requirements. However, once the drill bit diameter is determined, traditional drilling rigs are difficult to adjust during construction. This makes it difficult for workers to achieve precise and efficient drilling operations when facing complex and varied permafrost structures. Therefore, adaptive variable-diameter drilling equipment for high-altitude permafrost regions is needed to address these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the issue of rapid wear on drill bits in the extreme environments of high-altitude permafrost regions, this invention aims to provide an adaptive variable-diameter drilling device for high-altitude permafrost regions. Because permafrost is not only hard but also contains a large amount of ice crystals, these crystals create intense friction and impact on the drill bit's cutting edge during drilling, leading to rapid dulling and even chipping. To ensure drilling depth and quality, construction workers must frequently replace drill bits, increasing construction costs and significantly extending construction time. More importantly, the drilling diameter of traditional drilling rigs cannot be flexibly adjusted according to actual project needs. In construction in high-altitude permafrost regions, due to the complex and variable geological conditions, drilling at different depths and locations may require different diameter holes to meet design requirements. However, once the diameter of the drill bit is determined in a traditional drilling rig, it is difficult to adjust during construction. This makes it difficult for construction workers to achieve precise and efficient drilling operations when facing complex and varied permafrost structures. The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive variable-diameter drilling device for high-altitude permafrost regions to solve the problems mentioned in the background.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] An adaptive variable diameter drilling device for high-altitude permafrost regions includes a main body, on the top of which a drilling assembly is fixedly connected;

[0007] The drilling assembly includes a drive motor, the output end of which is fixedly connected to a main drill rod. A connecting plate is fixedly connected to the side of the main drill rod, and a main drill bit is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting plate. A multi-bladed structure is fixedly connected to the side of the main drill bit, and an electric heating wire is installed inside the main drill bit. A telescopic rod is installed on the side of the connecting plate, and an auxiliary rotating drill bit is installed at the output end of the telescopic rod.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main drill rod is made of a high-strength, low-brittle alloy material, and the surface of the main drill rod is covered with a heat insulation layer.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each blade of the multi-blade structure is equipped with an independent electric heating wire, and there are several electric heating wires.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of telescopic rods and auxiliary rotating drill bits are provided.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main body includes a support frame, which is made of stainless steel.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the support frame is equipped with four casters.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a hydraulic cylinder is installed at the bottom of the support frame, and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to a foot.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a base plate is fixedly connected to the top of the support frame, and four hydraulic cylinders and feet are provided.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a temperature-stabilized construction method for an adaptive variable-diameter drilling device in high-altitude permafrost regions includes the following steps:

[0016] S1 Equipment Relocation and Fixing: The equipment is moved to the construction point by the moving wheels at the bottom of the support frame. The hydraulic cylinder is activated to push the feet downward until they are in close contact with the ground, so that the moving wheels are lifted off the ground.

[0017] S2 Full-Area Preheating: Several electric heating wires inside the main drill bit are turned on to independently heat and preheat each blade of the multi-blade structure, while the insulation layer on the surface of the main drill rod plays a heat insulation role at the same time.

[0018] S3 Drill Bit Diameter Adjustment: Based on the required hole diameter parameters for construction, the telescopic rod on the side of the connecting plate is controlled to extend and retract, driving the auxiliary rotating drill bit to move radially, so that the overall drill bit diameter formed by the main drill bit and the auxiliary rotating drill bit reaches the preset standard.

[0019] S4 Temperature-Stable Drilling Operation: Start the drive motor and transmit power to the connecting plate through the main drill rod, driving the main drill bit and the auxiliary rotary drill bit to rotate synchronously and drill; During drilling, the electric heating wire continuously provides heat, the insulation layer prevents heat loss, and at the same time, the extension and retraction of the telescopic rod is adjusted in real time according to the hardness of the frozen soil layer and the changes in drilling depth, and the drill bit diameter is dynamically adjusted.

[0020] S5 Equipment Reset and Transfer: After the borehole reaches the preset depth, the drive motor and electric heating wire are turned off, the telescopic rod is controlled to retract and drive the auxiliary rotating drill bit to reset, the hydraulic cylinder is activated to retract the foot upwards, the moving wheel falls back to the ground, and the equipment is pushed to the next construction point.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the S4 temperature-controlled drilling operation also includes the following: when the main drill bit rotates and drills, the electric heating wire corresponding to each blade of the multi-blade structure independently maintains the heating state. When the blades generate local high temperatures due to intense friction with ice crystals in the frozen soil layer, the electric heating wire automatically reduces the output power. When the drilling depth increases and the external low temperature intrusion intensifies, the electric heating wire increases the output power. With the heat insulation layer protecting the main drill rod, the temperature of the main drill rod is maintained in the range of -5℃ to 10℃. During the rotation of the auxiliary rotating drill bit with the connecting plate, the heat on its surface is radiated and conducted to the heat of the main drill bit.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. In this invention, the main drill rod is made of high-strength, low-brittle alloy material, which has good cold resistance and impact resistance. The surface is covered with a heat insulation layer, which can prevent the main drill rod from cracking due to rapid cooling in cold environments. At the same time, it reduces heat conduction between the main drill rod and the frozen soil, improving drilling efficiency. The multi-blade structure is used, and each blade is equipped with an independent electric heating wire. The electric heating wire can preheat the blade during drilling, preventing the blade from becoming brittle due to low temperature and extending the service life of the drill bit.

[0024] 2. In this invention, multiple extendable auxiliary rotary drill bits are evenly distributed around the main drill bit. The telescopic rod controls the auxiliary rotary drill bits to automatically adjust their extension length according to the hardness of the frozen soil layer and the drilling depth, thereby changing the total diameter of the drill bit to adapt to drilling requirements of different diameters. The structure and function of the auxiliary rotary drill bit are similar to the cutting edge of the main drill bit. It can automatically adjust the drill bit diameter according to the hardness of the frozen soil layer and the drilling depth, reducing drilling deviation and hole collapse caused by drill bit diameter mismatch. At the same time, the diameter-changing function can speed up the drilling speed and improve the overall construction efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main drilling component structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary drilling component structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the movable and fixed component structure of the present invention.

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Main body; 101. Support frame; 102. Moving wheel; 103. Hydraulic cylinder; 104. Foot; 105. Base plate; 2. Drilling assembly; 201. Drive motor; 202. Main drill rod; 203. Insulation layer; 204. Connecting plate; 205. Main drill bit; 206. Multi-blade structure; 207. Electric heating wire; 208. Telescopic rod; 209. Auxiliary rotary drill bit. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] For examples, please refer to Figures 1-4 The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0032] An adaptive variable diameter drilling device and a temperature-stabilized construction method for high-altitude permafrost regions, comprising a main body 1, with a drilling assembly 2 fixedly connected to the top of the main body 1.

[0033] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the drilling assembly 2 includes a drive motor 201. A main drill rod 202 is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor 201. A connecting plate 204 is fixedly connected to the side of the main drill rod 202. A main drill bit 205 is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting plate 204. A multi-bladed structure 206 is fixedly connected to the side of the main drill bit 205. An electric heating wire 207 is installed inside the main drill bit 205. A telescopic rod 208 is installed on the side of the connecting plate 204. An auxiliary rotating drill bit 209 is installed at the output end of the telescopic rod 208. The main drill bit 209 is driven by the main drill rod 202. The drill rod 202 is made of high-strength, low-brittle alloy material, which has good cold resistance and impact resistance. The surface is covered with a heat insulation layer 203, which can prevent the main drill rod 202 from cracking due to rapid cooling in cold environments. At the same time, it reduces heat conduction between the main drill rod 202 and the frozen soil, improving drilling efficiency. It utilizes a multi-blade structure 206, with each blade equipped with an independent electric heating wire 207. The electric heating wire 207 can preheat the blade during drilling, preventing the blade from becoming brittle due to low temperature and extending the service life of the drill bit.

[0034] The main drill rod 202 is made of high-strength, low-brittle alloy material. The surface of the main drill rod 202 is covered with an insulation layer 203. Each blade of the multi-blade structure 206 is equipped with an independent electric heating wire 207. Several electric heating wires 207 are provided. Several telescopic rods 208 and auxiliary rotary drill bits 209 are provided. Multiple telescopic auxiliary rotary drill bits 209 are evenly distributed around the main drill bit 205. The telescopic rods 208 control the auxiliary rotary drill bits 209 to automatically adjust the telescopic length of the auxiliary rotary drill bits 209 according to the hardness of the frozen soil layer and the drilling depth, thereby changing the total diameter of the drill bit to adapt to the drilling needs of different diameters. The structure and function of the auxiliary rotary drill bits 209 are similar to the blades of the main drill bit 205. They can automatically adjust the drill bit diameter according to the hardness of the frozen soil layer and the drilling depth, reducing drilling deviation and hole collapse caused by drill bit diameter mismatch. At the same time, the diameter changing function can speed up the drilling speed and improve the overall construction efficiency.

[0035] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, the main body 1 includes a support frame 101, which is made of stainless steel. Four casters 102 are installed at the bottom of the support frame 101. A hydraulic cylinder 103 is installed at the bottom of the support frame 101, and a foot 104 is fixedly connected to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 103. A base plate 105 is fixedly connected to the top of the support frame 101. With four hydraulic cylinders 103 and four feet 104, the drilling equipment can be moved and fixed in both directions using the feet 104 and the casters 102, which improves the mobility and flexibility of the drilling equipment. When it is necessary to fix the drilling equipment, the internal hydraulic support rod is raised and lowered by the drive of the hydraulic cylinder 103, so that the feet 104 contact the ground. At this time, the casters 102 leave the ground, which can realize the stable operation of the drilling equipment.

[0036] This invention also discloses a temperature-stabilized construction method for adaptive variable-diameter drilling equipment applied in high-altitude permafrost regions, comprising the following steps:

[0037] S1 Equipment relocation and fixing: The equipment is transferred to the construction point by the moving wheels 102 at the bottom of the support frame 101. The hydraulic cylinder 103 is activated to push the foot 104 downward until it is in close contact with the ground, so that the moving wheels 102 are lifted off the ground.

[0038] S2 Full-area preheating: Several electric heating wires 207 inside the main drill bit 205 are turned on to independently heat and preheat each blade of the multi-blade structure 206, while the heat insulation layer 203 on the surface of the main drill rod 202 plays a heat insulation role at the same time.

[0039] S3 Drill Bit Diameter Adjustment: Based on the required hole diameter parameters for construction, control the telescopic rod 208 on the side of the connecting plate 204 to extend and retract, driving the auxiliary rotary drill bit 209 to move radially, so that the overall drill bit diameter formed by the main drill bit 205 and the auxiliary rotary drill bit 209 reaches the preset standard.

[0040] S4 Temperature-Stable Drilling Operation: Start the drive motor 201, and transmit power to the connecting plate 204 through the main drill rod 202, driving the main drill bit 205 and the auxiliary rotary drill bit 209 to rotate synchronously and drill; During drilling, the electric heating wire 207 continuously supplies heat, the insulation layer 203 blocks heat loss, and at the same time, the extension and retraction of the telescopic rod 208 is adjusted in real time according to the hardness of the frozen soil layer and the changes in drilling depth, and the drill bit diameter is dynamically adjusted.

[0041] S5 Equipment Reset and Transfer: After the borehole reaches the preset depth, turn off the drive motor 201 and the electric heating wire 207, control the telescopic rod 208 to retract and drive the auxiliary rotating drill bit 209 to reset, start the hydraulic cylinder 103 to make the foot 104 retract upward, the moving wheel 102 fall back to the ground, and push the equipment to the next construction point.

[0042] In the S4 temperature-controlled drilling operation, the following are also included: When the main drill bit 205 rotates and drills, the electric heating wire 207 corresponding to each cutting edge of the multi-blade structure 206 independently maintains the heating state. When the cutting edge generates local high temperature due to intense friction with ice crystals in the frozen soil layer, the electric heating wire 207 automatically reduces the output power. When the drilling depth increases and the external low temperature intrusion intensifies, the electric heating wire 207 increases the output power. With the heat insulation layer 203 protecting the main drill rod 202, the temperature of the main drill rod 202 is maintained in the range of -5℃ to 10℃. During the rotation of the auxiliary rotating drill bit 209 with the connecting plate 204, the heat on its surface is radiated and conducted to the heat of the main drill bit 205.

[0043] The workflow of this invention is as follows: When using the adaptive variable diameter drilling equipment designed for high-altitude permafrost regions, the equipment is first transported to the construction site in the high-altitude permafrost region. The design of the moving wheels 102 at the bottom of the support frame 101 allows the equipment to move flexibly within the site, facilitating quick positioning. Upon reaching the designated position, the hydraulic cylinder 103 is activated, and its output pushes the foot 104 downwards until it firmly contacts the ground. At this point, the moving wheels 102 leave the ground, ensuring the equipment remains stable during drilling and preventing shaking or displacement due to the unevenness of the permafrost layer. Before drilling begins, the main drill rod 202 and main drill bit 205 need to be preheated. The electric heating wire 207 inside the main drill bit 205 preheats each blade of the multi-blade structure 206, preventing the blades from becoming brittle due to low temperatures. After preheating, the blades are better adapted to drilling operations in high-altitude environments, extending their service life. By adjusting the extension length of the telescopic rod 208, the auxiliary rotary drill bit 209 is positioned in its initial state, ensuring that the total diameter of the main drill bit 205 and the auxiliary rotary drill bit 209 meets design requirements. During drilling, the drive motor 201 is activated, and its output drives the main drill rod 202 to rotate. The main drill rod 202 transmits power to the main drill bit 205 through the connecting plate 204, and the main drill bit 205 begins to drill into the frozen soil layer during rotation. At this time, the electric heating wire 207 continuously heats the cutting edge, maintaining its optimal working condition at low temperatures. By automatically adjusting the extension length of the telescopic rod 208, the extension position of the auxiliary rotary drill bit 209 is changed, achieving adaptive adjustment of the drill bit diameter.

[0044] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An adaptive variable diameter drilling device for high-altitude permafrost regions, comprising a main body (1), characterized in that: The top of the main body (1) is fixedly connected to a drilling assembly (2); The drilling assembly (2) includes a drive motor (201), the output end of which is fixedly connected to a main drill rod (202), a connecting plate (204) fixedly connected to the side of the main drill rod (202), a main drill bit (205) fixedly connected to the side of the connecting plate (204), a multi-blade structure (206) fixedly connected to the side of the main drill bit (205), an electric heating wire (207) installed inside the main drill bit (205), a telescopic rod (208) installed on the side of the connecting plate (204), and an auxiliary rotating drill bit (209) installed at the output end of the telescopic rod (208). Each blade of the multi-blade structure (206) is equipped with an independent electric heating wire (207), and there are several electric heating wires (207).

2. The adaptive variable diameter drilling equipment for high-altitude permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main drill rod (202) is made of alloy material and the surface of the main drill rod (202) is covered with a heat insulation layer (203).

3. The adaptive variable diameter drilling equipment for high-altitude permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several telescopic rods (208) and auxiliary rotary drill bits (209) are provided.

4. The adaptive variable diameter drilling equipment for high-altitude permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body (1) includes a support frame (101) which is made of stainless steel.

5. The adaptive variable diameter drilling equipment for high-altitude permafrost regions according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bottom of the support frame (101) is equipped with four casters (102).

6. The adaptive variable diameter drilling equipment for high-altitude permafrost regions according to claim 5, characterized in that, A hydraulic cylinder (103) is installed at the bottom of the support frame (101), and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (103) is fixedly connected to a foot (104).

7. The adaptive variable diameter drilling equipment for high-altitude permafrost regions according to claim 6, characterized in that, The top of the support frame (101) is fixedly connected to a base plate (105), and four hydraulic cylinders (103) and feet (104) are provided.

8. A temperature-stabilized construction method for an adaptive variable-diameter drilling equipment used in high-altitude permafrost regions as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 Equipment relocation and fixing: The equipment is transferred to the construction point by the moving wheels (102) at the bottom of the support frame (101), the hydraulic cylinder (103) is activated, and the foot (104) is pushed downward until it is in close contact with the ground, so that the moving wheels (102) are lifted off the ground; S2 Full-area preheating: Turn on several electric heating wires (207) inside the main drill bit (205) to independently heat and preheat each blade of the multi-blade structure (206), and the heat insulation layer (203) on the surface of the main drill rod (202) plays a heat insulation role at the same time. S3 Drill Bit Diameter Adjustment: Based on the required hole diameter parameters for construction, control the telescopic rod (208) on the side of the connecting plate (204) to extend and retract, thereby driving the auxiliary rotary drill bit (209) to move radially, so that the overall drill bit diameter formed by the main drill bit (205) and the auxiliary rotary drill bit (209) reaches the preset standard. S4 Temperature-Stable Drilling Operation: Start the drive motor (201), and transmit power to the connecting plate (204) through the main drill rod (202), driving the main drill bit (205) and the auxiliary rotary drill bit (209) to rotate synchronously and drill; During drilling, the electric heating wire (207) continuously provides heat, the insulation layer (203) blocks heat loss, and at the same time, according to the hardness of the frozen soil layer and the changes in drilling depth, the extension and retraction of the telescopic rod (208) is adjusted in real time to dynamically adjust the drill bit diameter; S5 Equipment Reset and Transfer: After the borehole reaches the preset depth, turn off the drive motor (201) and the electric heating wire (207), control the telescopic rod (208) to retract and drive the auxiliary rotating drill bit (209) to reset, start the hydraulic cylinder (103) to make the foot (104) retract upward, the moving wheel (102) fall back to the ground, and push the equipment to the next construction point.

9. The method for stabilizing temperature in high-altitude permafrost regions according to claim 8, characterized in that, The S4 temperature-controlled drilling operation also includes the following: When the main drill bit (205) rotates and drills, the electric heating wire (207) corresponding to each blade of the multi-blade structure (206) maintains the heating state independently. When the blades rub violently against the ice crystals in the frozen soil layer and generate local high temperature, the electric heating wire (207) automatically reduces the output power. When the drilling depth increases and the external low temperature intrusion intensifies, the electric heating wire (207) increases the output power. With the heat insulation layer (203) for the main drill rod (202), the temperature of the main drill rod (202) is maintained in the range of -5℃ to 10℃. During the rotation of the auxiliary rotating drill bit (209) with the connecting plate (204), the heat of its surface and the main drill bit (205) are radiated and conducted.

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