Organic solid waste biochar and steam co-production integrated device and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an organic solid waste biochar and steam co-production integrated device and a use method thereof, and belongs to the field of environmental science and engineering. The problems that the organic solid waste heat energy utilization rate is low, the biochar quality is low, the carbon yield is low, the concentration of pollutants generated in the biochar preparation process and the organic solid waste incineration process is high, and the overall production cost is high are solved. The device comprises a feeding system, a drying system, a high-temperature multi-stage cracking system, a heat energy utilization system, a tail gas purification system and a carbonization system, the feeding system is connected with the drying system, the drying system is connected with the high-temperature multi-stage cracking system, the high-temperature multi-stage cracking system comprises a first pyrolysis chamber, a second pyrolysis chamber and a third pyrolysis chamber which are sequentially connected, and the heat energy utilization system is connected with the tail gas purification system. A secondary air inlet is formed in the feed port side of the first pyrolysis chamber, the heat energy utilization system comprises a steam conversion chamber and a waste heat utilization chamber, and the third pyrolysis chamber is connected with the steam conversion chamber through a first connecting pipe. The method is mainly used for organic solid waste treatment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of environmental science and engineering, and in particular relates to an integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam, and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] The utilization of thermal energy from organic solid waste is a major form of resource utilization. Biochar production from biomass such as straw, bamboo, and coconut shells is an important way to achieve high-value utilization. However, due to the complex composition of industrial organic solid waste, which typically contains 20-35% moisture, the moisture content significantly affects the pyrolysis efficiency. Furthermore, separate drying processes are costly and generate pollutants with significant environmental impact, thus limiting the high-value utilization of organic solid waste. In addition, the low utilization rate of biomass gas generated during biochar production and the safety hazards, coupled with outdated biochar technology and low production efficiency, restrict the development of the biochar industry. Therefore, developing an integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam is of great significance for realizing the high-value energy utilization of industrial organic solid waste and improving biochar quality and production efficiency.

[0003] Currently, organic solid waste requires separate drying before utilization, resulting in large volumes of exhaust gas and high treatment costs. There is a lack of integrated technologies for drying and high-temperature pyrolysis of organic solid waste, leading to high exhaust gas purification costs, low utilization rates, and significant environmental pollution. Industrial organic solid waste generates dioxins, volatile organic compounds, and benzene compounds in combustible gases during drying and pyrolysis; incomplete treatment results in significant environmental impact after emission. The current production of biochar from organic solid waste faces challenges such as low production efficiency (long pyrolysis and cooling times), low biochar product quality (high ash content due to aerobic conditions, and unstable biochar material structure and low strength due to uneven temperature), and low utilization rates of pyrolysis exhaust gas (low combustible gas content in the exhaust gas makes utilization difficult), hindering the development of high-end biochar materials. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose an integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam, and its usage method, in order to solve the problems of low thermal energy utilization rate of organic solid waste, low biochar quality, low carbon yield, high pollutant concentration generated in the biochar preparation process and the organic solid waste incineration process, and high overall production cost.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an integrated device for co-producing organic solid waste biochar and steam, comprising a feeding system, a drying system, a high-temperature multi-stage pyrolysis system, a heat energy utilization system, a tail gas purification system, and a carbonization system. The feeding system is connected to the drying system, and the drying system is connected to the high-temperature multi-stage pyrolysis system. The high-temperature multi-stage pyrolysis system includes a pyrolysis chamber 1, a pyrolysis chamber 2, and a pyrolysis chamber 3 connected in sequence. A secondary air inlet is provided on the feed inlet side of the pyrolysis chamber 1. The heat energy utilization system includes a steam conversion chamber and a waste heat utilization chamber. The pyrolysis chamber 3 is connected to the steam conversion chamber via a first connecting pipe, and the steam conversion chamber is connected to the waste heat utilization chamber via a second connecting pipe. The waste heat utilization chamber is connected to the steam conversion chamber via a hot water return pipe. The tail gas purification system includes a spray chamber, an activated carbon box, and an electrostatic precipitator. The waste heat utilization chamber is connected to the spray chamber via a third connecting pipe. The spray chamber is connected to the waste heat utilization chamber via a third connecting pipe. The activated carbon box is connected to the fourth connecting pipe, and the activated carbon box is connected to the electrostatic precipitator via the fifth connecting pipe. The electrostatic precipitator is equipped with an exhaust pipe. The third connecting pipe is connected to one end of the return gas pipe, and the other end of the return gas pipe is divided into two return gas branches. The first return gas branch is connected to the drying system, and the second return gas branch is connected to the pyrolysis chamber. The carbonization system includes several carbonization chambers, in which biomass blocks are placed. Each carbonization chamber is equipped with an air inlet and an air outlet. The second connecting pipe is equipped with a heat utilization interface, which is connected to the main air inlet connecting pipe. The exhaust pipe is connected to the main air inlet connecting pipe via a cooling gas pipe. The main air inlet connecting pipe is connected to the air inlet connecting branch pipe, which is connected to the air inlet of all carbonization chambers. The air outlet of each carbonization chamber is connected to the air outlet connecting branch pipe, which is connected to the main air outlet connecting pipe. The main air outlet connecting pipe is connected to the secondary air inlet.

[0006] Furthermore, the feeding system includes a hopper, a first conveyor belt, and a feeding platform. The hopper contains organic solid waste. One end of the first conveyor belt is located inside the hopper, and the other end is located above the feeding platform. A second conveyor belt is located on the feeding platform. A first positioning plate is located above the second conveyor belt. A support is located below the second conveyor belt. A pusher plate is located on the support. The pusher plate is connected to a motor. The outlet of the support is connected to a drying system.

[0007] Furthermore, the drying system includes a drying chamber and a grate mesh. A second positioning plate is provided at the entrance of the drying chamber. A grate mesh is installed inside the drying chamber. One end of the grate mesh is located below the support, and the other end is connected to the pyrolysis chamber. The grate mesh is inclined at an angle of 12-20 degrees to the horizontal direction. Several air inlet branch pipes are provided above the drying chamber. The air inlet branch pipes are connected to the air inlet pipe, and the air inlet pipe is connected to the first return air branch.

[0008] Furthermore, a moisture collection tank is provided below the grate mesh, and a filter screen is provided above the moisture collection tank. The moisture collection tank is connected to the inlet of the cooling water tank, and a residue collection tank is provided below the cooling water tank. The cooling water tank has a cooling water outlet and a cooling water inlet. The outlet of the cooling water tank is connected to an air duct, and a first fan is provided on the air duct. The outlet end of the air duct is located above the pusher plate.

[0009] Furthermore, a first partition wall is provided between the first pyrolysis chamber and the second pyrolysis chamber. A first air vent is provided on the first partition wall, and a dust-suppressing plate is provided on the first partition wall. The dust-suppressing plate is located below the first air vent. A chain grate connected to the drying system is provided in the first pyrolysis chamber. A hot air baffle is provided at the connection between the first pyrolysis chamber and the drying system. An auxiliary combustion agent inlet is provided on the first pyrolysis chamber.

[0010] Furthermore, the dust-suppressing plate is semi-arc and curved upwards, and is located above the chain grate. The combustion aid inlet is located on the top left side of the pyrolysis chamber. The chain grate is inclined at an angle of 12-20 degrees to the horizontal direction, and an ash storage trough is provided below the end of the chain grate.

[0011] Furthermore, a second partition wall is provided between the second and third pyrolysis chambers, and a second air vent is provided on the second partition wall. Guide plates are provided on all four internal walls of both the second and third pyrolysis chambers, and guide holes are provided on the guide plates. The width of the guide plate is 10% to 20% of the width or length of the second or third pyrolysis chamber, and the thickness is 100 to 200 mm. The diameter of the guide holes is 0.3 to 0.5 times the width of the guide plate. The guide plates are made of moiré. Mullite refractory castable and alumina-magnesia castable are mixed and cast at a ratio of 1:(0.15~0.45). The mullite refractory castable has a silica content of 20%~30%, a magnesium oxide content of 0.5%~2%, and a ferric oxide content of less than 1.5%. The alumina-magnesia castable has an alumina content of 80%~95% and a magnesium oxide content of 2%~8%. The second pyrolysis chamber is provided with a first additive inlet, and the third pyrolysis chamber is provided with a second additive inlet and a third additive inlet.

[0012] Furthermore, two guide plates are provided on the lower side of the second pyrolysis chamber, and one each on the left, right and upper sides; two guide plates are provided on the upper and lower sides of the third pyrolysis chamber, and one each on the left and right sides; the first additive inlet is located at the top of the second pyrolysis chamber, the second additive inlet is located at the top of the third pyrolysis chamber, and the third additive inlet is located on the side near the steam conversion chamber.

[0013] Furthermore, the lower part of the second pyrolysis chamber is connected to the first ash storage box, and the lower part of the third pyrolysis chamber is provided with a second ash storage box. The lower parts of the second and third pyrolysis chambers are connected by a gas guide pipe, and a third fan is provided on the gas guide pipe.

[0014] Furthermore, a horizontal heat exchange pipe is provided on the upper side of the steam conversion chamber, and a vertical heat exchange pipe is provided on the lower side of the interior. The horizontal heat exchange pipe is connected to the vertical heat exchange pipe. A first ash removal port is provided at the bottom of the steam conversion chamber, and a steam exhaust port is provided at the top of the steam conversion chamber. A steam exhaust valve is provided on the steam exhaust port.

[0015] Furthermore, the waste heat utilization chamber is divided into a left chamber and a right chamber. The left chamber is equipped with a serpentine heat exchange tube with an inner diameter of 50-100mm, and the right chamber is equipped with a vertical heat exchange tube with an inner diameter of 20-50mm. The serpentine heat exchange tube and the vertical heat exchange tube are connected by a circulating pump with a flow rate of 1.5-3.0m / s. A second ash removal port is provided at the bottom of the waste heat utilization chamber, and a water inlet is provided at the top of the waste heat utilization chamber, with a water inlet valve installed on the water inlet.

[0016] Furthermore, a return valve is installed on the return gas pipe, a second fan is installed on the first return gas branch, a first valve is installed on the second return gas branch, and a hot water return valve and a return water pump are installed on the hot water return pipe.

[0017] Furthermore, a spray water tank is provided at the upper part of the spray chamber, and a spray nozzle and a turbulence guide plate are provided at the lower part of the spray water tank. Both the spray nozzle and the turbulence guide plate are located inside the spray chamber. The spray nozzle is connected to the spray water tank. A baffle is provided on the bottom surface of the spray chamber. The lower part of the spray chamber is connected to the third ash storage box.

[0018] Furthermore, the spoiler guide plate has a vertical upper part and a quarter-circle curved lower part, and there are multiple spoiler guide plates. The baffle has a vertical lower part and a bent upper part facing the oncoming wind side, with the bending angle to the horizontal direction being 65-85º.

[0019] Furthermore, the activated carbon box adopts a layered flow purification structure, with activated carbon blocks arranged in three to five layers inside the activated carbon box, a fourth fan installed on the fifth connecting pipe, and an exhaust gas monitoring box installed on the side of the exhaust pipe.

[0020] Furthermore, a support plate is provided in the carbonization chamber, the support plate is placed on a support pier, the support plate has a porous structure, biomass blocks are placed on the support plate, and exhaust holes are provided in the biomass blocks, which contain one or more mixtures of quartz sand, manganese sand, ceramsite and steel shot.

[0021] Furthermore, the diameter of the exhaust port is 10-20mm, and the spacing between the ports is 60-100mm.

[0022] Furthermore, the bottom plate and outer wall of the carbonization chamber are provided with a heat insulation layer. An inner interlayer is provided on the inner side of the bottom plate, outer wall and top cover. An interlayer space is provided between the inner interlayer and the bottom plate, outer wall and top cover. The width of the interlayer space is 50-150mm. The inner interlayer is constructed with a mixture of shale ceramsite powder and slag cement, and the thickness is 80-150mm. The air inlet is located at the lower part of one side of the outer wall, the ash outlet is located at the lower part of the outer wall opposite to the air inlet, and the air outlet is located at the upper part of one side of the outer wall. A top cover is provided on the top of the carbonization chamber. A water spray pipe is provided on the top cover. A sealing cap is provided at the upper end of the water spray pipe. A water inlet valve is provided on the water spray pipe.

[0023] Furthermore, an exhaust valve is provided on the main exhaust pipe, a first intake valve is provided on the main intake pipe, and a second intake valve is provided on the cooling pipe.

[0024] Furthermore, four temperature monitoring points are set on the drying chamber, two temperature monitoring points are set on each of the pyrolysis chamber 1, pyrolysis chamber 2, pyrolysis chamber 3, steam conversion chamber and waste heat utilization chamber, and one temperature monitoring point is set on each of the second connecting pipe, third connecting pipe and fifth connecting pipe.

[0025] Furthermore, pressure reducing valves are installed on the pyrolysis chamber 1, pyrolysis chamber 2, and steam conversion chamber.

[0026] Furthermore, the carbonization chamber is square or circular, with a height of 300-600mm and a side length or diameter of 600-2000mm.

[0027] This invention also provides a method for using an integrated device for organic solid waste biochar and steam cogeneration, specifically: organic solid waste enters the drying system from the feeding system, where the moisture content of the organic solid waste is reduced, and then enters the first pyrolysis chamber for pyrolysis. The combustible gas generated by pyrolysis sequentially enters the second and third pyrolysis chambers for further cracking. The hot air sequentially passes through the steam conversion chamber and the waste heat utilization chamber to complete the heat energy conversion. Part of the hot air discharged from the waste heat utilization chamber is returned to the drying system and the second pyrolysis chamber for reuse. During carbonization, another part of the hot air sequentially passes through the spray chamber, the activated carbon box, and the electrostatic precipitator before being discharged. The hot air discharged from the heat energy utilization interface on the second connecting pipe enters the carbonization chamber to complete the carbonization. The combustible gas generated during the carbonization process enters the first pyrolysis chamber for pyrolysis utilization. During cooling, the hot air sequentially passes through the spray chamber, the activated carbon box, and the electrostatic precipitator before entering the carbonization chamber for cooling.

[0028] Furthermore, during cooling, the carbonization chamber is cooled to below 300℃, and water equal to 15-40% of the biomass block mass is sprayed into the carbonization chamber. After 5-10 minutes, the carbonization chamber is opened to remove the carbonized biochar, and then new biomass blocks are placed in for the next round of carbonization.

[0029] Furthermore, the organic solid waste in the feeding system has a size of 5-20mm and a moisture content of 15-40%. After being dried by the drying system, the moisture content is reduced to below 15%. The hot air temperature discharged into the drying system from the first return air branch is 80-150℃.

[0030] Furthermore, the temperature of the first pyrolysis chamber is 300-500℃, the temperature of the second pyrolysis chamber is 800-950℃, and the temperature of the third pyrolysis chamber is 900-1100℃.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention integrates the drying of organic solid waste, utilization of drying tail gas, energy utilization after high-temperature multi-stage pyrolysis, biochar preparation, and utilization of combustible gas generated from biochar preparation into an integrated treatment process. It effectively combines the drying of organic solid waste, high-temperature multi-stage pyrolysis, biochar preparation, and efficient utilization of combustible gas generated from biochar preparation. It also achieves diversified utilization such as drying of tail gas raw materials, increasing the energy supply temperature of biomass carbonization, and utilizing biomass gas generated from carbonization in the form of pyrolysis for combustion support. This reduces the cost of tail gas treatment and realizes the high-value utilization of organic waste.

[0032] This invention achieves complete pyrolysis of organic solid waste. By setting up a pyrolysis chamber 1, pyrolysis chamber 2, and pyrolysis chamber 3, it realizes high-temperature multi-stage pyrolysis of organic solid waste. The vortex circulation in the pyrolysis chamber 2 and 3, and the guide plate serves as a guide and heating plate, improving the uniformity of gas temperature in the pyrolysis chamber. The internal temperature difference is less than 50°C, achieving complete pyrolysis and increasing the heat energy generation of organic solid waste by more than 2 times, achieving a technological breakthrough. At the same time, organic pollutants such as dioxins, benzene, and VOCs are fully pyrolyzed. A serpentine heat exchange pipe is set on the left side of the waste heat utilization chamber to achieve a rapid cooling effect, avoiding the heat energy waste caused by rapid cooling in traditional tail gas purification methods. Meanwhile, the small amount of pollutants contained in the gas are removed with dust settling, effectively avoiding the secondary synthesis of the remaining small amount of pollutants such as dioxins, and reducing the cost of tail gas purification.

[0033] The carbonization chamber of this invention is equipped with an inner jacket. During carbon sequestration, the thermal radiation effect of the inner jacket and the hot air circulation promoted by the exhaust vents improve carbonization efficiency. Biomass carbonization achieves an absolutely oxygen-free environment, reducing carbon loss, increasing biochar yield, reducing biochar ash content, stabilizing pyrolysis environmental conditions, and ensuring the quality of the prepared biochar.

[0034] This invention fully utilizes exhaust gas to achieve anaerobic cooling of high-temperature biochar, and the interlayer space accelerates the cooling of the inner interlayer, thereby increasing the cooling rate of biochar. At the same time, it combines water cooling below 300°C to make full use of the residual heat on the biochar. Compared with traditional high-temperature water cooling, it improves the quality of biochar, reduces water consumption, reduces the overall amount of pollutants generated, improves production efficiency, and reduces heat loss.

[0035] This invention addresses the issue of organic waste with a moisture content between 15% and 40% not requiring separate drying. It effectively utilizes the system's waste heat for drying, avoiding interference from high moisture content on the high-temperature pyrolysis system, reducing the cost of drying exhaust gas purification, and lowering operating costs.

[0036] This invention achieves a thermal energy conversion rate of over 95% for organic solid waste, a carbon yield of over 70% for bamboo-based biochar, and a carbon yield of over 40% for biochar made from corn, wheat, and rice crop straw. It also reduces tail gas production by over 60%, tail gas treatment costs by over 75%, and carbonization efficiency by over 90%. In addition to increased production efficiency, the production scale is significantly expanded. The device has low energy consumption, fully utilizes tail gas with a utilization rate exceeding 50%, achieves ultra-low pollutant emissions and low-cost operation, and has significant practical implications for promoting the high-value utilization of organic solid waste and the industrialization of biochar preparation. Attached Figure Description

[0037] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the elevation cross-sectional structure of an integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam, as described in this invention. Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of an integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam, as described in this invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional elevation of the carbonization chamber described in this invention.

[0038] In the picture: 1-Feeding system, 2-Drying system, 3-High-temperature multi-stage pyrolysis system, 4-Heat energy utilization system, 5-Tail gas purification system, 6-Hopper, 7-First conveyor belt, 8-Feeding platform, 9-First positioning plate, 10-Second conveyor belt, 11-Cooling water tank, 12-First fan, 13-Air duct, 14-Pusher plate, 15-Motor, 16-Support, 17-Cooling water outlet, 18-Cooling water inlet, 19-Residue collection tank, 20-Air inlet pipe, 21-Air inlet branch pipe, 22-Second positioning plate, 23-Drying chamber, 24-Grate mesh, 25-Moisture collection tank, 26-Filter screen, 27-Pyrolysis chamber one, 28-Pyrolysis chamber two, 29-Pyrolysis chamber three 30-Chain grate, 31-Dust settling plate, 32-First partition wall, 33-First air vent, 34-Second fan, 35-Combustion aid inlet, 36-Ash storage tank, 37-Second partition wall, 38-Second air vent, 39-Guide plate, 40-Guide hole, 41-First additive inlet, 42-First ash storage box, 43-Third fan, 44-Air duct, 45-First valve, 46-Second additive inlet, 47-Second ash storage box, 48-Third additive inlet, 49-First connecting pipe, 50-Steam conversion chamber, 51-First ash removal port, 52-Exhaust port, 53-Exhaust valve, 54-Second connecting pipe, 55-Heat energy utilization interface 56-Waste heat utilization chamber, 57-Second ash removal port, 58-Hot water return pipe, 59-Hot water return valve, 60-Third connecting pipe, 61-Spray chamber, 62-Spray nozzle, 63-Baffle, 64-Bumper guide plate, 65-Third ash storage box, 66-Fourth connecting pipe, 67-Activated carbon box, 68-Activated carbon block, 69-Fifth connecting pipe, 70-Electrostatic precipitator, 71-Exhaust pipe, 72-Tail gas monitoring box, 73-Return gas pipe, 74-Return valve, 75-Carbonization system, 76-Carbonization chamber, 77-Inlet connecting branch pipe, 78-Outlet connecting branch pipe, 79-Outlet connecting main pipe, 80-Exhaust valve, 81-First inlet valve, 82-Inlet connecting main pipe, 8 3-Temperature monitoring point, 84-Pressure reducing valve, 85-Biomass block, 86-Exhaust vent, 87-Top cover, 88-Support plate, 89-Outer wall, 90-Air inlet, 91-Air outlet, 92-Secondary air inlet, 93-Return water pump, 94-Water inlet, 95-Water inlet valve, 96-Spray water tank, 97-Fourth fan, 98-Second air inlet valve, 99-Spray pipe, 100-Sealing cover, 101-Water inlet valve, 102-Hot air baffle, 103-Cooling air pipe, 104-Bottom plate, 105-Inner interlayer, 106-Interlayer space, 107-Ash outlet, 108-Circulation pump, 109-First return air branch, 110-Second return air branch, 111-Support. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, and the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.

[0040] Detailed Implementation Method 1: See Figure 1-3 This embodiment describes an integrated device for co-producing biochar from organic solid waste and steam. It includes a feeding system 1, a drying system 2, a high-temperature multi-stage pyrolysis system 3, a heat energy utilization system 4, a tail gas purification system 5, and a carbonization system 75. The feeding system 1 is connected to the drying system 2, and the drying system 2 is connected to the high-temperature multi-stage pyrolysis system 3. The high-temperature multi-stage pyrolysis system 3 includes a pyrolysis chamber 27, a pyrolysis chamber 28, and a pyrolysis chamber 29 connected in sequence. A secondary air inlet 92 is provided on the feed inlet side of the pyrolysis chamber 27. The heat energy utilization system 4 includes… The system comprises a steam conversion chamber 50 and a waste heat utilization chamber 56. The pyrolysis chamber 29 is connected to the steam conversion chamber 50 via a first connecting pipe 49. The steam conversion chamber 50 is connected to the waste heat utilization chamber 56 via a second connecting pipe 54. The waste heat utilization chamber 56 is connected to the steam conversion chamber 50 via a hot water return pipe 58. The exhaust gas purification system 5 includes a spray chamber 61, an activated carbon box 67, and an electrostatic precipitator 70. The waste heat utilization chamber 56 is connected to the spray chamber 61 via a third connecting pipe 60. The spray chamber 61 is connected to the activated carbon box 67 via a fourth connecting pipe 66. The activated carbon box 67 is connected to the electrostatic precipitator 70 via a fifth connecting pipe 69. The electrostatic precipitator 70 is equipped with an exhaust pipe 71. The third connecting pipe 60 is connected to one end of the return gas pipe 73. The other end of the return gas pipe 73 is divided into two return gas branches. The first return gas branch 109 is connected to the drying system 2, and the second return gas branch 110 is connected to the pyrolysis chamber 28. The carbonization system 75 includes several carbonization chambers 76. Biomass blocks 85 are placed in the carbonization chambers 76. The carbonization chambers 76 are equipped with an air inlet 90 and an air outlet 91. A heat utilization interface 55 is provided on the second connecting pipe 54. The heat utilization interface 55 is connected to the main intake connecting pipe 82. The exhaust pipe 71 is connected to the main intake connecting pipe 82 through the cooling pipe 103. The main intake connecting pipe 82 is connected to the intake connecting branch pipe 77. The intake connecting branch pipe 77 is connected to the air inlet 90 of all carbonization chambers 76. The air outlet 91 of the carbonization chamber 76 is connected to the air outlet connecting branch pipe 78. The air outlet connecting branch pipe 78 is connected to the air outlet connecting main pipe 79. The air outlet connecting main pipe 79 is connected to the secondary air inlet 92.

[0041] This embodiment describes the use of an integrated device for organic solid waste biochar and steam cogeneration. Specifically, organic solid waste enters the drying system 2 from the feeding system 1, where the moisture content is reduced. Then, it enters the first pyrolysis chamber 27 for pyrolysis. The combustible gas generated during pyrolysis sequentially enters the second and third pyrolysis chambers 28 and 29 for further pyrolysis. Hot air sequentially passes through the steam conversion chamber 50 and the waste heat utilization chamber 56 to complete heat energy conversion. Part of the hot air discharged from the waste heat utilization chamber 56 is returned to the drying system 2 and the second pyrolysis chamber 28 for reuse. During carbonization, the other part of the hot air sequentially passes through the spray chamber 61 and the activated carbon box 6. After being discharged from the electrostatic precipitator 70, the hot air discharged from the heat utilization interface 55 on the second connecting pipe 54 enters the carbonization chamber 76 to complete carbonization. The combustible gas generated during carbonization enters the pyrolysis chamber 27 for pyrolysis utilization. During cooling, the hot air passes through the spray chamber 61, activated carbon box 67 and electrostatic precipitator 70 in sequence before entering the carbonization chamber 76 for cooling. The carbonization chamber 76 is cooled to below 300°C. Water of 15-40% of the mass of biomass block 85 is sprayed into the carbonization chamber 76. After 5-10 minutes, the carbonization chamber 76 is opened to take out the carbonized biochar. Then, a new biomass block 85 is put in for the next round of carbonization.

[0042] The organic solid waste in the feeding system 1 has a moisture content of 15-40%. After drying in the drying system 2, the moisture content is reduced to below 15%. The hot air discharged into the drying system 2 from the first return air branch 109 has a temperature of 80-150℃. The temperature of the pyrolysis chamber 1 27 is 300-500℃, the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber 28 is 800-950℃, and the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber 3 29 is 900-1100℃.

[0043] The specific explanation is as follows: The feeding system 1 includes a hopper 6, a first conveyor belt 7, and a feeding platform 8. The hopper 6 contains organic solid waste. One end of the first conveyor belt 7 is located inside the hopper 6, and the other end is located above the feeding platform 8. A second conveyor belt 10 is installed on the feeding platform 8. A first positioning plate 9 is installed above the second conveyor belt 10. A support 16 is installed below the second conveyor belt 10. A pusher plate 14 is installed on the support 16. The pusher plate 14 is connected to a motor 15. The outlet of the support 16 is connected to the drying system 2.

[0044] The drying system 2 includes a drying chamber 23 and a grate mesh 24. A second positioning plate 22 is provided at the entrance of the drying chamber 23. The grate mesh 24 is provided inside the drying chamber 23. One end of the grate mesh 24 is located below the support 16, and the other end is connected to the pyrolysis chamber 27. The grate mesh 24 has an inclination angle of 12-20 degrees with the horizontal direction. Several air inlet branch pipes 21 are provided above the drying chamber 23. The several air inlet branch pipes 21 are connected to the air inlet pipe 20. The air inlet pipe 20 is connected to the first return air branch 109.

[0045] A moisture collection tank 25 is provided below the grate mesh 24, and a filter screen 26 is provided above the moisture collection tank 25. The moisture collection tank 25 is connected to the inlet of the cooling water tank 11. A residue collection tank 19 is provided below the cooling water tank 11. The cooling water tank 11 has a cooling water outlet 17 and a cooling water inlet 18. The outlet of the cooling water tank 11 is connected to the air duct 13. A first fan 12 is provided on the air duct 13. The outlet end of the air duct 13 is located above the pusher plate 14.

[0046] A first partition wall 32 is provided between the pyrolysis chamber 27 and the pyrolysis chamber 28. A first air vent 33 is provided on the first partition wall 32. A dust-suppressing plate 31 is provided on the first partition wall 32 and is located below the first air vent 33. A chain grate 30 connected to the drying system 2 is provided in the pyrolysis chamber 27. A hot air baffle 102 is provided at the connection between the pyrolysis chamber 27 and the drying system 2. An auxiliary combustion agent inlet 35 is provided on the pyrolysis chamber 27.

[0047] The dust-collecting plate 31 is semi-arc and curved upwards. The dust-collecting plate 31 is located above the chain grate 30. The combustion aid inlet 35 is located on the top left side of the pyrolysis chamber 27. The chain grate 30 has an inclination angle of 12-20 degrees with the horizontal direction. An ash storage trough 36 is provided below the end of the chain grate 30.

[0048] A second partition wall 37 is provided between the pyrolysis chamber 28 and the pyrolysis chamber 29. A second air vent 38 is provided on the second partition wall 37. Guide plates 39 are provided on all four internal walls of the pyrolysis chamber 28 and the pyrolysis chamber 29. Guide holes 40 are provided on the guide plates 39. The width of the guide plate 39 is 10%~20% of the internal width or length of the pyrolysis chamber 28 or the pyrolysis chamber 29, and its thickness is 100~200mm. The diameter of the guide holes 40 is 0.3-0.5 times the width of the guide plate. 39. Lightweight mullite refractory castable and alumina-magnesium castable are mixed and cast at a ratio of 1:(0.15~0.45). The mullite refractory castable has a silica content of 20%~30%, a magnesium oxide content of 0.5%~2%, and a ferric oxide content of less than 1.5%. The alumina-magnesium castable has an alumina content of 80%~95% and a magnesium oxide content of 2%~8%. The pyrolysis chamber 28 is provided with a first additive inlet 41, and the pyrolysis chamber 29 is provided with a second additive inlet 46 and a third additive inlet 48.

[0049] Two guide plates 39 are provided on the lower side of the pyrolysis chamber 28, and one each on the left, right and upper sides; two guide plates 39 are provided on the upper and lower sides of the pyrolysis chamber 29, and one each on the left and right sides; the first additive inlet 41 is located at the top of the pyrolysis chamber 28, the second additive inlet 46 is located at the top of the pyrolysis chamber 29, and the third additive inlet 48 is located on the side near the steam conversion chamber 50.

[0050] The lower part of the second pyrolysis chamber 28 is connected to the first ash storage box 42, and the lower part of the third pyrolysis chamber 29 is provided with a second ash storage box 47. The lower parts of the second pyrolysis chamber 28 and the third pyrolysis chamber 29 are connected by a duct 44, and a third fan 43 is provided on the duct 44. Under the drive of the third fan 43, some of the hot air in the third pyrolysis chamber 29 is returned to the second pyrolysis chamber 28 through the duct 44 on the lower side of the second pyrolysis chamber 28 and the third pyrolysis chamber 29.

[0051] The steam conversion chamber 50 has a horizontal heat exchange pipe on the upper side and a vertical heat exchange pipe on the lower side. The horizontal heat exchange pipe is connected to the vertical heat exchange pipe. The bottom of the steam conversion chamber 50 has a first ash removal port 51. The upper part of the steam conversion chamber 50 has a steam exhaust port 52 and a steam exhaust valve 53 is installed on the steam exhaust port 52.

[0052] The waste heat utilization chamber 56 is divided into a left chamber and a right chamber. The left chamber is equipped with a serpentine heat exchange tube with an inner diameter of 50-100mm. The right chamber is equipped with a vertical heat exchange tube with an inner diameter of 20-50mm. The serpentine heat exchange tube and the vertical heat exchange tube are connected by a circulation pump 108 with a flow rate of 1.5-3.0m / s. The bottom of the waste heat utilization chamber 56 is equipped with a second ash removal port 57. The upper part of the waste heat utilization chamber 56 is equipped with a water inlet 94 and a water inlet valve 95. After the tap water is softened, it enters the waste heat utilization chamber 56 through the water inlet 94 to complete the water replenishment process.

[0053] A return valve 74 is installed on the return air pipe 73, a second fan 34 is installed on the first return air branch 109, a first valve 45 is installed on the second return air branch 110, and a hot water return valve 59 and a return water pump 93 are installed on the hot water return pipe 58 to replenish the water in the steam conversion chamber 50.

[0054] A spray water tank 96 is provided on the upper part of the spray chamber 61. A spray nozzle 62 and a turbulence guide plate 64 are provided on the lower part of the spray water tank 96. Both the spray nozzle 62 and the turbulence guide plate 64 are located inside the spray chamber 61. The spray nozzle 62 is connected to the spray water tank 96. A baffle 63 is provided on the bottom surface of the inside of the spray chamber 61. The lower part of the spray chamber 61 is connected to the third ash storage box 65.

[0055] The turbulence guide plate 64 has a vertical upper part and a quarter-circle curved lower part. There are multiple turbulence guide plates 64. The baffle 63 has a vertical lower part and a bent upper part facing the windward side. The angle between the bend and the horizontal direction is 65-85º.

[0056] The activated carbon box 67 adopts a layered flow purification structure. The activated carbon box 67 is arranged with three to five layers of activated carbon blocks 68. The purified gas is in a layered flow manner. A fourth fan 97 is installed on the fifth connecting pipe 69. A tail gas monitoring box 72 is installed on the side of the exhaust pipe 71.

[0057] A support plate 88 is provided inside the carbonization chamber 76. The support plate 88 is placed on the support pier 111. The support plate 88 has a porous structure. Biomass blocks 85 are placed on the support plate 88. Exhaust holes 86 are provided inside the biomass blocks 85. One or more mixtures of quartz sand, manganese sand, ceramsite and steel shot are provided inside the exhaust holes 86.

[0058] The vent hole 86 has a diameter of 10-20mm and a hole spacing of 60-100mm.

[0059] The bottom plate 104 and outer wall 89 of the carbonization chamber 76 are provided with heat insulation layers. An inner interlayer 105 is provided on the inner side of the bottom plate 104, outer wall 89 and top cover 87. An interlayer space 106 is provided between the inner interlayer 105 and the bottom plate 104, outer wall 89 and top cover 87. The width of the interlayer space 106 is 50-150mm. The inner interlayer 105 is constructed with shale ceramsite powder and slag cement and has a thickness of 80-150mm. The air inlet 90 is located at the lower part of one side of the outer wall 89. The ash outlet 107 is located at the lower part of the outer wall 89 on the opposite side of the air inlet 90. The air outlet 91 is located at the upper part of one side of the outer wall 89. A top cover 87 is provided on the top of the carbonization chamber 76. A water spray pipe 99 is provided on the top cover 87. A sealing cap 100 is provided at the upper end of the water spray pipe 99. A water inlet valve 101 is provided on the water spray pipe 99.

[0060] An exhaust valve 80 is provided on the exhaust connection main pipe 79, a first intake valve 81 is provided on the intake connection main pipe 82, and a second intake valve 98 is provided on the cooling air pipe 103.

[0061] Four temperature monitoring points 83 are set on the drying chamber 23, two temperature monitoring points 83 are set on each of the pyrolysis chamber 1 27, pyrolysis chamber 28, pyrolysis chamber 3 29, steam conversion chamber 50 and waste heat utilization chamber 56, and one temperature monitoring point 83 is set on each of the second connecting pipe 54, the third connecting pipe 60 and the fifth connecting pipe 69.

[0062] Pressure reducing valves 84 are installed on the pyrolysis chamber 27, the pyrolysis chamber 28, and the steam conversion chamber 50.

[0063] The carbonization chamber 76 is square or circular, with a height of 300-600mm and a side length or diameter of 600-2000mm.

[0064] In the feeding system 1, the organic solid waste is shredded to 5-20mm and placed into the hopper 6. It is then conveyed to the feeding platform 8 via the first conveyor belt 7, and then to the pusher plate 14 via the second conveyor belt 10. Powered by the motor 15, the pusher plate 14 pushes the organic waste onto the grate mesh 24. The thickness of the organic waste on the second conveyor belt 10 is controlled by the first positioning plate 9, and the uniform thickness of the organic waste on the grate mesh 24 is controlled by the second positioning plate 22. The organic waste is then placed on the grate mesh 24 within the drying chamber 23. The waste is transported from one end to the other on the chain grate 30. The residence time of the organic waste on the grate mesh 24 is 3-6 minutes. An air inlet branch pipe 21 is installed above the grate mesh 24. Part of the exhaust gas discharged from the waste heat utilization chamber 56 is blown onto the waste on the grate mesh 24 by the second fan 34 through the air inlet pipe 20 and the air inlet branch pipe 21. After passing through the filter screen 26, it enters the cooling water tank 11 through the water collection pool 25 and is cooled. Then, under the action of the first fan 12, it enters the drying chamber 23 through the air duct 13.

[0065] The organic waste entering the chain grate 30 is pyrolyzed after ignition. The biomass gas generated by pyrolysis enters the second pyrolysis chamber 28 through the first air inlet 33 on the upper side of the dust settling plate 31 of the first pyrolysis chamber 27. Under the action of the guide plate 39, the gas vortex is completed. Some of the gas enters the third pyrolysis chamber 29 through the second air inlet 38. Under the action of the guide plate 39, the gas vortex is completed. Some of the gas enters the steam conversion chamber 50 through the first connecting pipe 49. The gas passes through the horizontal heat exchange pipe on the upper side and the vertical heat exchange pipe on the lower side inside the steam conversion chamber 50 in sequence and then enters the waste heat utilization chamber 56. During carbonization, after passing through the vertical heat exchange pipe in the waste heat utilization chamber 56, the gas enters the spray chamber 61, the activated carbon box 67 and the electrostatic precipitator 70 through the third connecting pipe 60 and is then discharged.

[0066] The hot air discharged from the heat utilization interface 55 on the second connecting pipe 54 enters the carbonization chamber 76 to complete carbonization. The hot air discharged from the heat utilization interface 55 on the second connecting pipe 54 passes sequentially through the main inlet connecting pipe 82, the branch inlet connecting pipe 77, the carbonization chamber 76, the branch outlet connecting pipe 78, the main outlet connecting pipe 79, and the secondary air inlet 92 into the pyrolysis chamber 27. The combustible gas generated during the carbonization process enters the pyrolysis chamber 27 and is utilized by pyrolysis.

[0067] During the cooling process of the carbonization chamber 76, the first air inlet valve 81 is closed and the second air inlet valve 98 is opened. When the temperature drops below 300°C, the sealing cap 100 on the water spray pipe 99 is removed, the water inlet valve 101 is opened, and water of 15-40% of the mass of the biomass block 85 is sprayed in. After 5-10 minutes, the top cover 87 of the carbonization chamber 76 is opened, the carbonized biochar is taken out, and then a new biomass block 85 is put in for the next round of carbonization.

[0068] This equipment utilizes the high-temperature, multi-stage pyrolysis heat energy of organic solid waste such as textile waste, traditional Chinese medicine residue, and urban sludge to produce biochar from biomass such as bamboo, straw, and wood. The equipment achieves an operating load of 1.0~10.0 tons / hour for organic solid waste drying and high-temperature, multi-stage pyrolysis, and a single unit operating load of 5~50.0 tons / day for biochar production, with ultra-low emissions in the exhaust gas. The pollutant emission indicators for the exhaust gas are shown in Table 1. NOx, HCl, and total volatile organic compounds are all below the detection limit, and other indicators are significantly lower than the national standard limits.

[0069] The equipment achieves an organic solid waste thermal energy conversion rate of over 95%, a bamboo-based biochar carbon yield of over 70%, and a corn, wheat, and rice crop straw biochar carbon yield of over 40%. It also reduces exhaust gas production by over 60%, reduces exhaust gas treatment costs by over 75%, increases carbonization efficiency by over 90%, and achieves exhaust gas utilization rate of over 50%.

[0070]

[0071] Note: The total volatile organic compound (TVOC) standard limit is based on the relevant requirements and indicators in the "Emission Control Standard for Volatile Organic Compounds of Industrial Enterprises" (DB12 / 524-2020), while other indicators in the table are based on the limits in the "Pollution Control Standard for Municipal Solid Waste Incineration" (GB18485-2014).

[0072] Specific Implementation Method 2: This embodiment takes the utilization of thermal energy from high-temperature multi-stage pyrolysis of textile waste and the preparation of bamboo biochar as examples.

[0073] See Figure 1-3 For a description of this implementation method, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1-3This embodiment describes an integrated device for co-producing biochar from organic solid waste and steam. It includes a feeding system 1, a drying system 2, a high-temperature multi-stage pyrolysis system 3, a heat energy utilization system 4, a tail gas purification system 5, and a carbonization system 75. The feeding system 1 is connected to the drying system 2, and the drying system 2 is connected to the high-temperature multi-stage pyrolysis system 3. The high-temperature multi-stage pyrolysis system 3 includes a pyrolysis chamber 27, a pyrolysis chamber 28, and a pyrolysis chamber 29 connected in sequence. A secondary air inlet 92 is provided on the feed inlet side of the pyrolysis chamber 27. The heat energy utilization system 4 includes… The system comprises a steam conversion chamber 50 and a waste heat utilization chamber 56. The pyrolysis chamber 29 is connected to the steam conversion chamber 50 via a first connecting pipe 49. The steam conversion chamber 50 is connected to the waste heat utilization chamber 56 via a second connecting pipe 54. The waste heat utilization chamber 56 is connected to the steam conversion chamber 50 via a hot water return pipe 58. The exhaust gas purification system 5 includes a spray chamber 61, an activated carbon box 67, and an electrostatic precipitator 70. The waste heat utilization chamber 56 is connected to the spray chamber 61 via a third connecting pipe 60. The spray chamber 61 is connected to the activated carbon box 67 via a fourth connecting pipe 66. The activated carbon box 67 is connected to the electrostatic precipitator 70 via a fifth connecting pipe 69. The electrostatic precipitator 70 is equipped with an exhaust pipe 71. The third connecting pipe 60 is connected to one end of the return gas pipe 73. The other end of the return gas pipe 73 is divided into two return gas branches. The first return gas branch 109 is connected to the drying system 2, and the second return gas branch 110 is connected to the pyrolysis chamber 28. The carbonization system 75 includes several carbonization chambers 76. Biomass blocks 85 are placed in the carbonization chambers 76. The carbonization chambers 76 are equipped with an air inlet 90 and an air outlet 91. A heat utilization interface 55 is provided on the second connecting pipe 54. The heat utilization interface 55 is connected to the main intake connecting pipe 82. The exhaust pipe 71 is connected to the main intake connecting pipe 82 through the cooling pipe 103. The main intake connecting pipe 82 is connected to the intake connecting branch pipe 77. The intake connecting branch pipe 77 is connected to the air inlet 90 of all carbonization chambers 76. The air outlet 91 of the carbonization chamber 76 is connected to the air outlet connecting branch pipe 78. The air outlet connecting branch pipe 78 is connected to the air outlet connecting main pipe 79. The air outlet connecting main pipe 79 is connected to the secondary air inlet 92.

[0074] This embodiment describes the use of an integrated device for organic solid waste biochar and steam cogeneration. Specifically, organic solid waste enters the drying system 2 from the feeding system 1, where the moisture content is reduced. Then, it enters the first pyrolysis chamber 27 for pyrolysis. The combustible gas generated during pyrolysis sequentially enters the second and third pyrolysis chambers 28 and 29 for further pyrolysis. Hot air sequentially passes through the steam conversion chamber 50 and the waste heat utilization chamber 56 to complete heat energy conversion. Part of the hot air discharged from the waste heat utilization chamber 56 is returned to the drying system 2 and the second pyrolysis chamber 28 for reuse. During carbonization, the other part of the hot air sequentially passes through the spray chamber 61 and the activated carbon box 6. After being discharged from the electrostatic precipitator 70, the hot air discharged from the heat utilization interface 55 on the second connecting pipe 54 enters the carbonization chamber 76 to complete carbonization. The combustible gas generated during carbonization enters the pyrolysis chamber 27 for pyrolysis utilization. During cooling, the hot air passes through the spray chamber 61, activated carbon box 67 and electrostatic precipitator 70 in sequence before entering the carbonization chamber 76 for cooling. The carbonization chamber 76 is cooled to below 300°C. Water of 15-40% of the mass of biomass block 85 is sprayed into the carbonization chamber 76. After 5-10 minutes, the carbonization chamber 76 is opened to take out the carbonized biochar. Then, a new biomass block 85 is put in for the next round of carbonization.

[0075] The organic solid waste in the feeding system 1 has a moisture content of 15-40%. After drying in the drying system 2, the moisture content is reduced to below 15%. The hot air discharged into the drying system 2 from the first return air branch 109 has a temperature of 80-150℃. The temperature of the pyrolysis chamber 1 27 is 300-500℃, the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber 28 is 800-950℃, and the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber 3 29 is 900-1100℃.

[0076] The specific explanation is as follows: The organic solid waste is shredded to 5-20mm and placed in the hopper 6. It is then conveyed to the feeding platform 8 by the first conveyor belt 7, and then to the pusher plate 14 by the second conveyor belt 10. The pusher plate 14 pushes the organic waste onto the grate mesh 24 by the power of the motor 15. The thickness of the organic waste on the second conveyor belt 10 is controlled by the first positioning plate 9, and the uniform thickness of the organic waste on the grate mesh 24 is controlled by the second positioning plate 22. The organic waste is placed on the grate mesh 24 in the drying chamber 23. The organic waste is transported from one end to the other end onto the chain grate 30. The residence time of the organic waste on the grate mesh 24 is 3 minutes. An air inlet branch pipe 21 is installed above the grate mesh 24. Part of the exhaust gas discharged from the waste heat utilization 56 is blown onto the waste on the grate mesh 24 through the air inlet pipe 20 and the air inlet branch pipe 21 by the second fan 34. After passing through the filter screen 26, it enters the cooling water tank 11 through the water collection pool 25 and is cooled. Then, under the action of the first fan 12, it enters the drying chamber 23 through the air duct 13.

[0077] The organic waste entering the chain grate 30 is pyrolyzed after ignition. The biomass gas produced by pyrolysis enters the second pyrolysis chamber 28 through the first air vent 33 on the upper side of the dust settling plate 31 of the first pyrolysis chamber 27. Under the action of the guide plate 39, the gas vortex is completed. Some of the gas enters the third pyrolysis chamber 29 through the second air vent 38. Under the action of the guide plate 39, the gas vortex is completed. Some of the gas enters the steam conversion chamber 50 through the first connecting pipe 49. The gas passes sequentially through the horizontal heat exchange tube on the upper side and the vertical heat exchange tube on the lower side inside the steam conversion chamber 50. After heat exchange in the heat exchange tubes, the heat enters the waste heat utilization chamber 56. After vertical heat exchange within the waste heat utilization chamber 56, it enters the spray chamber 61 through the third connecting pipe 60. A dust-collecting plate 31 is installed on the upper part of the chain grate 30 in the pyrolysis chamber 1 27. A secondary air inlet 92 is installed on the upper part of the outer wall on the side of the feed inlet. A combustion aid inlet 35 is installed on the left side of the top. The dust-collecting plate 31 is semi-circular and curved upwards. Two guide plates 39 are installed on the lower side, one on the upper side, and one each on the left and right sides in the pyrolysis chamber 2 28. Guide plates are installed in the pyrolysis chamber 3 29. Two guide plates are provided on the upper and lower sides of the pyrolysis chamber 28, and one on the left and right sides. The width of the guide plate 39 is 10% of the width or length of the pyrolysis chamber 28 or pyrolysis chamber 29, and the thickness is 100 mm. The diameter of the guide hole 40 is 0.3 times the width of the guide plate. The guide plate 39 is cast using a mixture of lightweight mullite refractory castable and alumina-magnesia castable at a ratio of 1:0.15. The mullite refractory castable has a silica content of 20%~30%, a magnesium oxide content of 0.5%~2%, and a ferric oxide content of less than 1.5%. The aluminum-magnesium castable has an alumina content of 80%-95% and a magnesium oxide content of 2%-8%. A first additive inlet 41 is provided on the upper side of pyrolysis chamber 28, and a first ash storage box 42 is provided on the lower side. A second additive inlet 46 is provided on the upper side of pyrolysis chamber 3, a second ash storage box 47 is provided on the lower side, and a third additive inlet 48 is provided on the side near the steam conversion chamber 50. Under the influence of a third fan 43, a portion of the hot air in pyrolysis chamber 3 29 is returned to pyrolysis chamber 28 via a duct 44 on the lower side of pyrolysis chamber 28 and pyrolysis chamber 3 29.

[0078] The steam conversion chamber 50 has horizontal heat exchange pipes at the top and vertical heat exchange pipes at the bottom. A first ash removal port 51 is located at the bottom, and a steam exhaust port 52 is located at the top, with an exhaust valve 53 installed on the exhaust port 52. The waste heat utilization chamber 56 is divided into a left chamber and a right chamber. A serpentine heat exchange tube with an inner diameter of 50mm is installed in the left chamber, and a vertical heat exchange tube with an inner diameter of 20mm is installed in the right chamber. A circulation pump 108 connects the serpentine heat exchange tubes and the vertical heat exchange tubes. The connection is made so that the circulation pump 108 has a flow rate of 1.5 m / s and a second ash removal port 57 is set at the bottom; a hot water return pipe 58 is set at the upper part of the steam conversion chamber 50 and the waste heat utilization chamber 56, and a hot water return valve 59 and a return water pump 93 are set on the hot water return pipe 58 to complete the water replenishment in the steam conversion chamber 50; a water inlet 94 and a water inlet valve 95 are set at the upper part of the waste heat utilization chamber 56, and the tap water is softened and enters the waste heat utilization chamber 56 through the water inlet 94 to complete the water replenishment process.

[0079] The spray chamber 61 is equipped with a spray nozzle 62, a turbulence guide plate 64, and a spray water tank 96 at the top, and a baffle 63 and a third ash storage box 65 at the bottom. The turbulence guide plate 64 is vertical at the top and semi-circular curved at the bottom. The baffle 63 is vertical at the bottom and bent towards the windward side at the top, with the angle between the bend and the horizontal direction being 65º. The activated carbon box 67 is filled with activated carbon blocks in three to five layers, and the purified gas flows in a layered manner. The electrostatic precipitator 70 is equipped with an exhaust pipe 71 at the top, and a tail gas monitoring box 72 is installed on the side of the exhaust pipe 71. A fourth fan 97 is installed on the fifth connecting pipe 69 between the activated carbon box 67 and the electrostatic precipitator 70.

[0080] The outer wall 89 and bottom plate 104 of the carbonization chamber 76 are provided with a heat insulation layer. Biomass blocks 85 are placed on a porous support plate 88. A top cover 87 is provided on the top of the carbonization chamber 76. A water spray pipe 99 is provided on the top cover 87. A sealing cap 100 is provided at the upper end of the water spray pipe 99. A water inlet valve 101 is provided on the water spray pipe 99. An exhaust hole 86 is provided inside the biomass block 85. One or more mixtures of quartz sand, manganese sand, ceramsite, and steel shot are provided inside the exhaust hole 86. An inner interlayer 105 is provided on the inner side of the bottom plate 104, outer wall 89, and top cover 87. A clamp is provided between the inner interlayer 105 and the bottom plate 104, outer wall 89, and top cover 87. The interlayer space 106 has a width of 50mm. The inner interlayer 105 is constructed of shale ceramsite powder and slag cement with a thickness of 150mm. The air inlet 90 is located at the lower part of one side of the outer wall 89. The ash outlet 107 is located at the lower part of the outer wall 89 on the opposite side of the air inlet 90. The air outlet 91 is located at the upper part of one side of the outer wall 89. The hot air discharged from the heat utilization interface 55 on the second connecting pipe 54 passes sequentially through the main air inlet connecting pipe 82, the branch air inlet connecting pipe 77, the carbonization chamber 76, the branch air outlet connecting pipe 78, the main air outlet connecting pipe 79, and the secondary air inlet 92 into the pyrolysis chamber 27.

[0081] Temperature monitoring points 83 are set up in the drying chamber 23, pyrolysis chamber 1 27, pyrolysis chamber 28, pyrolysis chamber 3 29, steam conversion chamber 50 and waste heat utilization chamber 56. Among them, the drying chamber 23 is equipped with 4 temperature monitoring points 83, and the others are equipped with 2 temperature monitoring points 83. The second connecting pipe 54 and the third connecting pipe 60 are equipped with 1 temperature monitoring point 83. Pressure reducing valves 84 are installed on the pyrolysis chamber 1 28 and the steam conversion chamber 50.

[0082] The grate mesh 24 and chain grate 30 are inclined at an angle of 12 degrees to the horizontal direction; the lower side of the turbulence guide plate 64 is a quarter-circle arc; the exhaust hole 86 has a diameter of 10 mm and a hole spacing of 60 mm; the carbonization chamber 76 is square, with a height of 300 mm and a side length of 600 mm; the hot air temperature discharged from the air inlet branch pipe 21 in the drying chamber 23 is 80℃; the temperature of pyrolysis chamber 1 27 is 300-500℃; the temperature of pyrolysis chamber 28 is 800-950℃; and the temperature of pyrolysis chamber 3 29 is 900-1100℃.

[0083] During the cooling process of the carbonization chamber 76, the first air inlet valve 81 is closed and the second air inlet valve 98 is opened. When the temperature drops below 300°C, the sealing cap 100 on the water spray pipe 99 is removed, the water inlet valve 101 is opened, and water equal to 25% of the mass of the biomass block 85 is sprayed in. After 5 minutes, the top cover 87 of the carbonization chamber 76 is opened, the carbonized biochar is taken out, and then a new biomass block 85 is placed in to conduct the next round of carbonization experiment.

[0084] The organic solid waste with a moisture content of less than 35% is dried in the drying chamber 23 to reduce the moisture content to below 15%, and then enters the pyrolysis chamber 1 27 for pyrolysis. The combustible gas generated by pyrolysis enters the pyrolysis chamber 28 and pyrolysis chamber 3 29 for further high-temperature cracking. The high-temperature hot air passes through the steam conversion chamber 50 and the waste heat utilization chamber 56 to complete the heat energy conversion. Part of the hot air discharged from the waste heat utilization chamber 56 is reused in the drying chamber 23 and the pyrolysis chamber 2 28, and the other part is purified by the spray chamber 61, the activated carbon box 67 and the electrostatic precipitator 70 before being discharged. The hot air discharged from the heat energy utilization interface 55 on the second connecting pipe 54 enters the carbonization chamber 76 to complete the carbonization of the biomass block 85. The combustible gas generated during the carbonization process is discharged into the pyrolysis chamber 1 27 for pyrolysis utilization.

[0085] The operating load of the textile waste in this embodiment is 1.0m. 3 / h, the volumes of pyrolysis chamber 1 (27), pyrolysis chamber 28, and pyrolysis chamber 3 (29) are 12 m³ / h. 3 15m 3 and 15m 3Other components are also included. Experimental results show that the thermal energy conversion rate of organic solid waste is as high as 95.6±0.53%, the carbon yield of bamboo-based biochar is 72±1.5%, the amount of exhaust gas generated is reduced by 68±5.6%, the exhaust gas treatment cost is reduced by more than 79±4.3%, the carbonization efficiency is increased by more than 95±1.9%, and the exhaust gas utilization rate is 59±7.8%. This equipment can produce 50 tons / day of bamboo-based biochar, achieving ultra-low emissions of pollutants. The pollutant emission indicators for exhaust gas monitoring are shown in Table 2. NOx, HCl, and total volatile organic compounds are all below the detection limit, with monitoring index values ​​of zero. Other indicators are significantly lower than the national standard limits.

[0086]

[0087] Note: The standard limit for total volatile organic compounds is based on the relevant requirements and indicators in the "Emission Control Standard for Volatile Organic Compounds of Industrial Enterprises" (DB12 / 524-2020), while other indicators are based on the limits in the "Pollution Control Standard for Municipal Solid Waste Incineration" (GB18485-2014).

[0088] Specific implementation method 3: This embodiment takes the preparation of biochar from textile waste and corn stalks as an example.

[0089] See Figure 1-3 For a description of this implementation method, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1-3This embodiment describes an integrated device for co-producing biochar from organic solid waste and steam. It includes a feeding system 1, a drying system 2, a high-temperature multi-stage pyrolysis system 3, a heat energy utilization system 4, a tail gas purification system 5, and a carbonization system 75. The feeding system 1 is connected to the drying system 2, and the drying system 2 is connected to the high-temperature multi-stage pyrolysis system 3. The high-temperature multi-stage pyrolysis system 3 includes a pyrolysis chamber 27, a pyrolysis chamber 28, and a pyrolysis chamber 29 connected in sequence. A secondary air inlet 92 is provided on the feed inlet side of the pyrolysis chamber 27. The heat energy utilization system 4 includes… The system comprises a steam conversion chamber 50 and a waste heat utilization chamber 56. The pyrolysis chamber 29 is connected to the steam conversion chamber 50 via a first connecting pipe 49. The steam conversion chamber 50 is connected to the waste heat utilization chamber 56 via a second connecting pipe 54. The waste heat utilization chamber 56 is connected to the steam conversion chamber 50 via a hot water return pipe 58. The exhaust gas purification system 5 includes a spray chamber 61, an activated carbon box 67, and an electrostatic precipitator 70. The waste heat utilization chamber 56 is connected to the spray chamber 61 via a third connecting pipe 60. The spray chamber 61 is connected to the activated carbon box 67 via a fourth connecting pipe 66. The activated carbon box 67 is connected to the electrostatic precipitator 70 via a fifth connecting pipe 69. The electrostatic precipitator 70 is equipped with an exhaust pipe 71. The third connecting pipe 60 is connected to one end of the return gas pipe 73. The other end of the return gas pipe 73 is divided into two return gas branches. The first return gas branch 109 is connected to the drying system 2, and the second return gas branch 110 is connected to the pyrolysis chamber 28. The carbonization system 75 includes several carbonization chambers 76. Biomass blocks 85 are placed in the carbonization chambers 76. The carbonization chambers 76 are equipped with an air inlet 90 and an air outlet 91. A heat utilization interface 55 is provided on the second connecting pipe 54. The heat utilization interface 55 is connected to the main intake connecting pipe 82. The exhaust pipe 71 is connected to the main intake connecting pipe 82 through the cooling pipe 103. The main intake connecting pipe 82 is connected to the intake connecting branch pipe 77. The intake connecting branch pipe 77 is connected to the air inlet 90 of all carbonization chambers 76. The air outlet 91 of the carbonization chamber 76 is connected to the air outlet connecting branch pipe 78. The air outlet connecting branch pipe 78 is connected to the air outlet connecting main pipe 79. The air outlet connecting main pipe 79 is connected to the secondary air inlet 92.

[0090] This embodiment describes the use of an integrated device for organic solid waste biochar and steam cogeneration. Specifically, organic solid waste enters the drying system 2 from the feeding system 1, where the moisture content is reduced. Then, it enters the first pyrolysis chamber 27 for pyrolysis. The combustible gas generated during pyrolysis sequentially enters the second and third pyrolysis chambers 28 and 29 for further pyrolysis. Hot air sequentially passes through the steam conversion chamber 50 and the waste heat utilization chamber 56 to complete heat energy conversion. Part of the hot air discharged from the waste heat utilization chamber 56 is returned to the drying system 2 and the second pyrolysis chamber 28 for reuse. During carbonization, the other part of the hot air sequentially passes through the spray chamber 61 and the activated carbon box 6. After being discharged from the electrostatic precipitator 70, the hot air discharged from the heat utilization interface 55 on the second connecting pipe 54 enters the carbonization chamber 76 to complete carbonization. The combustible gas generated during carbonization enters the pyrolysis chamber 27 for pyrolysis utilization. During cooling, the hot air passes through the spray chamber 61, activated carbon box 67 and electrostatic precipitator 70 in sequence before entering the carbonization chamber 76 for cooling. The carbonization chamber 76 is cooled to below 300°C. Water of 15-40% of the mass of biomass block 85 is sprayed into the carbonization chamber 76. After 5-10 minutes, the carbonization chamber 76 is opened to take out the carbonized biochar. Then, a new biomass block 85 is put in for the next round of carbonization.

[0091] The organic solid waste in the feeding system 1 has a moisture content of 15-40%. After drying in the drying system 2, the moisture content is reduced to below 15%. The hot air discharged into the drying system 2 from the first return air branch 109 has a temperature of 80-150℃. The temperature of the pyrolysis chamber 1 27 is 300-500℃, the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber 28 is 800-950℃, and the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber 3 29 is 900-1100℃.

[0092] The specific explanation is as follows: The organic solid waste is shredded to 5-20mm and placed in the hopper 6. It is then conveyed to the feeding platform 8 via the first conveyor belt 7, and then to the pusher plate 14 via the second conveyor belt 10. Powered by the motor 15, the pusher plate 14 pushes the organic waste onto the grate mesh 24. The thickness of the organic waste on the second conveyor belt 10 is controlled by the first positioning plate 9, and the uniform thickness of the organic waste on the grate mesh 24 is controlled by the second positioning plate 22. The organic waste moves from the grate mesh 24 within the drying chamber 23... The waste is transported from one end to the chain grate 30 at the other end. The organic waste stays on the grate mesh 24 for 5 minutes. An air inlet branch pipe 21 is installed above the grate mesh 24. Part of the exhaust gas discharged from the waste heat utilization chamber 56 is blown onto the waste on the grate mesh 24 by the second fan 34 through the air inlet pipe 20 and the air inlet branch pipe 21. After passing through the filter screen 26, it enters the cooling water tank 11 through the water collection pool 25 and is cooled. Then, under the action of the first fan 12, it enters the drying chamber 23 through the air duct 13.

[0093] The organic waste entering the chain grate 30 is pyrolyzed after ignition. The biomass gas produced by pyrolysis enters the second pyrolysis chamber 28 through the first air vent 33 on the upper side of the dust settling plate 31 of the first pyrolysis chamber 27. Under the action of the guide plate 39, the gas vortex is completed. Some of the gas enters the third pyrolysis chamber 29 through the second air vent 38. Under the action of the guide plate 39, the gas vortex is completed. Some of the gas enters the steam conversion chamber 50 through the first connecting pipe 49. The gas passes sequentially through the horizontal heat exchange tube on the upper side and the vertical heat exchange tube on the lower side inside the steam conversion chamber 50. After heat exchange in the heat exchange tubes, the heat enters the waste heat utilization chamber 56. After vertical heat exchange within the waste heat utilization chamber 56, it enters the spray chamber 61 through the third connecting pipe 60. A dust-collecting plate 31 is installed on the upper part of the chain grate 30 in the pyrolysis chamber 1 27. A secondary air inlet 92 is installed on the upper part of the outer wall on the side of the feed inlet. A combustion aid inlet 35 is installed on the left side of the top. The dust-collecting plate 31 is semi-circular and curved upwards. Two guide plates 39 are installed on the lower side, one on the upper side, and one each on the left and right sides in the pyrolysis chamber 2 28. Guide plates are installed in the pyrolysis chamber 3 29. Two guide plates are provided on the upper and lower sides of the pyrolysis chamber 39, and one is provided on the left and right sides. The width of the guide plate 39 is 20% of the width or length of the pyrolysis chamber 28 or pyrolysis chamber 29, and the thickness is 200mm. The diameter of the guide hole 40 is 0.5 times the width of the guide plate. The guide plate 39 is cast using a mixture of lightweight mullite refractory castable and alumina-magnesia castable at a ratio of 1:0.45. The mullite refractory castable has a silica content of 20%~30%, a magnesium oxide content of 0.5%~2%, and a ferric oxide content of less than 1.5%. The aluminum-magnesium castable has an alumina content of 80%-95% and a magnesium oxide content of 2%-8%. A first additive inlet 41 is provided on the upper side of the pyrolysis chamber 28, and a first ash storage box 42 is provided on the lower side. A second additive inlet 46 is provided on the upper side of the pyrolysis chamber 29, a second ash storage box 47 is provided on the lower side, and a third additive inlet 48 is provided on the side near the steam conversion chamber 50. Under the influence of a third fan 43, a portion of the hot air from the pyrolysis chamber 29 is returned to the pyrolysis chamber 28 via a duct 44 on the lower side of the pyrolysis chamber 28 and the pyrolysis chamber 29.

[0094] The steam conversion chamber 50 has horizontal heat exchange pipes at the top and vertical heat exchange pipes at the bottom. A first ash removal port 51 is located at the bottom, and a steam exhaust port 52 is located at the top, with an exhaust valve 53 installed on the exhaust port 52. The waste heat utilization chamber 56 is divided into a left chamber and a right chamber. A serpentine heat exchange tube with an inner diameter of 100mm is installed in the left chamber, and a vertical heat exchange tube with an inner diameter of 50mm is installed in the right chamber. A circulation pump 108 connects the serpentine and vertical heat exchange tubes. The connection is made so that the circulation pump 108 has a flow rate of 3.0 m / s and a second ash removal port 57 is set at the bottom; a hot water return pipe 58 is set at the upper part of the steam conversion chamber 50 and the waste heat utilization chamber 56, and a hot water return valve 59 and a return water pump 93 are set on the hot water return pipe 58 to complete the water replenishment in the steam conversion chamber 50; a water inlet 94 and a water inlet valve 95 are set at the upper part of the waste heat utilization chamber 56, and the tap water is softened and enters the waste heat utilization chamber 56 through the water inlet 94 to complete the water replenishment process.

[0095] The spray chamber 61 is equipped with a spray nozzle 62, a turbulence guide plate 64, and a spray water tank 96 at the top, and a baffle 63 and a third ash storage box 65 at the bottom. The turbulence guide plate 64 is vertical at the top and semi-circular curved at the bottom. The baffle 63 is vertical at the bottom and bent towards the windward side at the top, with the angle between the bend and the horizontal direction being 85º. The activated carbon box 67 is filled with activated carbon blocks in three to five layers, and the purified gas flows in a layered manner. The electrostatic precipitator 70 is equipped with an exhaust pipe 71 at the top, and a tail gas monitoring box 72 is installed on the side of the exhaust pipe 71. A fourth fan 97 is installed on the fifth connecting pipe 69 between the activated carbon box 67 and the electrostatic precipitator 70.

[0096] The outer wall 89 and bottom plate 104 of the carbonization chamber 76 are provided with a heat insulation layer. Biomass blocks 85 are placed on a porous support plate 88. A top cover 87 is provided on the top of the carbonization chamber 76. A water spray pipe 99 is provided on the top cover 87. A sealing cap 100 is provided at the upper end of the water spray pipe 99. A water inlet valve 101 is provided on the water spray pipe 99. An exhaust hole 86 is provided inside the biomass block 85. One or more mixtures of quartz sand, manganese sand, ceramsite, and steel shot are provided inside the exhaust hole 86. An inner interlayer 105 is provided on the inner side of the bottom plate 104, outer wall 89, and top cover 87. The inner interlayer 105 is separated from the bottom plate 104, outer wall 89, and top cover 87. A mezzanine space 106 is provided, with a width of 150mm. The inner mezzanine 105 is constructed using shale ceramsite powder and slag cement, with a thickness of 80mm. An air inlet 90 is located at the lower part of one side of the outer wall 89, an ash outlet 107 is located at the lower part of the outer wall 89 opposite to the air inlet 90, and an air outlet 91 is located at the upper part of one side of the outer wall 89. Hot air discharged from the heat utilization interface 55 on the second connecting pipe 54 passes sequentially through the main air inlet connecting pipe 82, the branch air inlet connecting pipe 77, the carbonization chamber 76, the branch air outlet connecting pipe 78, the main air outlet connecting pipe 79, and the secondary air inlet 92 into the pyrolysis chamber 27.

[0097] Temperature monitoring points 83 are set up in the drying chamber 23, pyrolysis chamber 1 27, pyrolysis chamber 28, pyrolysis chamber 3 29, steam conversion chamber 50 and waste heat utilization chamber 56. Among them, the drying chamber 23 is equipped with 4 temperature monitoring points 83, and the others are equipped with 2 temperature monitoring points 83. The second connecting pipe 54 and the third connecting pipe 60 are equipped with 1 temperature monitoring point 83. Pressure reducing valves 84 are installed on the pyrolysis chamber 1 28 and the steam conversion chamber 50.

[0098] The grate mesh 24 and chain grate 30 are inclined at an angle of 20 degrees to the horizontal direction; the lower side of the turbulence guide plate 64 is a quarter-circle arc; the exhaust hole 86 has a diameter of 20 mm and a hole spacing of 100 mm; the carbonization chamber 76 is circular, with a height of 600 mm and a diameter of 2000 mm; the hot air temperature discharged from the air inlet branch pipe 21 in the drying chamber 23 is 80-150℃; the temperature of pyrolysis chamber 1 27 is 300-500℃; the temperature of pyrolysis chamber 28 is 800-950℃; and the temperature of pyrolysis chamber 3 29 is 900-1100℃.

[0099] During the cooling process of the carbonization chamber 76, the first air inlet valve 81 is closed and the second air inlet valve 98 is opened. When the temperature drops below 300°C, the sealing cap 100 on the water spray pipe 99 is removed, the water inlet valve 101 is opened, and water equal to 40% of the mass of the biomass block 85 is sprayed in. After 10 minutes, the top cover 87 of the carbonization chamber 76 is opened, the carbonized biochar is taken out, and then a new biomass block 85 is placed in to conduct the next round of carbonization experiment.

[0100] The organic solid waste with a moisture content of less than 35% is dried in the drying chamber 23 to reduce the moisture content to below 15%, and then enters the pyrolysis chamber 1 27 for pyrolysis. The combustible gas generated by pyrolysis enters the pyrolysis chamber 28 and pyrolysis chamber 3 29 for further high-temperature cracking. The high-temperature hot air passes through the steam conversion chamber 50 and the waste heat utilization chamber 56 to complete the heat energy conversion. Part of the hot air discharged from the waste heat utilization chamber 56 is reused in the drying chamber 23 and the pyrolysis chamber 2 28, and the other part is purified by the spray chamber 61, the activated carbon box 67 and the electrostatic precipitator 70 before being discharged. The hot air discharged from the heat energy utilization interface 55 on the second connecting pipe 54 enters the carbonization chamber 76 to complete the carbonization of the biomass block 85. The combustible gas generated during the carbonization process is discharged into the pyrolysis chamber 1 27 for pyrolysis utilization.

[0101] In this embodiment, the operating load for textile waste is 2.0m. 3 / h, the volumes of pyrolysis chamber 1 (27), pyrolysis chamber 28, and pyrolysis chamber 3 (29) are 18m³, respectively. 3 25m 3 and 25m 3Other components are integrated with this equipment; the organic solid waste thermal energy conversion rate reaches 98±1.9%, the corn straw biochar carbon yield is 43%±2.1%, the exhaust gas generation is reduced by 75±2.3%, the exhaust gas treatment cost is reduced by more than 75%, the carbonization efficiency is increased by 92±1.9%, and the exhaust gas utilization rate is 62±4.2%. This equipment can produce 5 tons / day of corn straw-based biochar, achieving ultra-low emissions of pollutants. The exhaust gas pollutant emission indicators are shown in Table 3. NOx, HCl, and total volatile organic compounds are all below the detection limit, with monitoring index values ​​of zero. Other indicators are significantly lower than the national standard limits.

[0102]

[0103] Note: The standard limit for total volatile organic compounds is based on the relevant indicators in the "Emission Control Standard for Volatile Organic Compounds of Industrial Enterprises" (DB12 / 524-2020), while other indicators are based on the limits in the "Pollution Control Standard for Municipal Solid Waste Incineration" (GB18485-2014).

[0104] The specific embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. Many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention.

Claims

1. An integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam, characterized in that: It includes a feeding system (1), a drying system (2), a high-temperature multi-stage pyrolysis system (3), a heat energy utilization system (4), a tail gas purification system (5), and a carbonization system (75). The feeding system (1) is connected to the drying system (2), and the drying system (2) is connected to the high-temperature multi-stage pyrolysis system (3). The high-temperature multi-stage pyrolysis system (3) includes a pyrolysis chamber 1 (27), a pyrolysis chamber 2 (28), and a pyrolysis chamber 3 (29) connected in sequence. A secondary air inlet (92) is provided on the feed port side of the pyrolysis chamber 1 (27). The heat energy utilization system (4) includes a steam conversion chamber (50) and a waste heat utilization chamber (56). The pyrolysis chamber 3... Chamber (29) is connected to steam conversion chamber (50) via first connecting pipe (49). Steam conversion chamber (50) is connected to waste heat utilization chamber (56) via second connecting pipe (54). Waste heat utilization chamber (56) is connected to steam conversion chamber (50) via hot water return pipe (58). The exhaust gas purification system (5) includes spray chamber (61), activated carbon box (67) and electrostatic precipitator (70). Waste heat utilization chamber (56) is connected to spray chamber (61) via third connecting pipe (60). Spray chamber (61) is connected to activated carbon box (67) via fourth connecting pipe (66). Activated carbon box (67) is connected to... The fifth connecting pipe (69) is connected to the electrostatic precipitator (70), which is equipped with an exhaust pipe (71). The third connecting pipe (60) is connected to one end of the return gas pipe (73), which is divided into two return gas branches at the other end. The first return gas branch (109) is connected to the drying system (2), and the second return gas branch (110) is connected to the pyrolysis chamber (28). The carbonization system (75) includes several carbonization chambers (76). Biomass blocks (85) are placed in the carbonization chambers (76). The carbonization chambers (76) are equipped with an air inlet (90) and an air outlet (91). The second connecting pipe (54) The device is equipped with a heat energy utilization interface (55), which is connected to the intake connection main pipe (82). The exhaust pipe (71) is connected to the intake connection main pipe (82) through the cooling air pipe (103). The intake connection main pipe (82) is connected to the intake connection branch pipe (77). The intake connection branch pipe (77) is connected to the air inlet (90) of all carbonization chambers (76). The air outlet (91) of the carbonization chamber (76) is connected to the air outlet connection branch pipe (78). The air outlet connection branch pipe (78) is connected to the air outlet connection main pipe (79). The air outlet connection main pipe (79) is connected to the secondary air inlet (92).

2. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding system (1) includes a hopper (6), a first conveyor belt (7) and a feeding platform (8). Organic solid waste is placed in the hopper (6). One end of the first conveyor belt (7) is placed in the hopper (6) and the other end is placed above the feeding platform (8). A second conveyor belt (10) is placed on the feeding platform (8). A first positioning plate (9) is placed above the second conveyor belt (10). A bracket (16) is placed below the second conveyor belt (10). A pusher plate (14) is placed on the bracket (16). The pusher plate (14) is connected to a motor (15). The outlet of the bracket (16) is connected to the drying system (2).

3. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The drying system (2) includes a drying chamber (23) and a grate mesh (24). A second positioning plate (22) is provided at the entrance of the drying chamber (23). A grate mesh (24) is provided inside the drying chamber (23). One end of the grate mesh (24) is located below the support (16), and the other end is connected to the pyrolysis chamber (27). The grate mesh (24) has an inclination angle of 12-20 degrees with the horizontal direction. Several air inlet branch pipes (21) are provided above the drying chamber (23). The several air inlet branch pipes (21) are connected to the air inlet pipe (20). The air inlet pipe (20) is connected to the first return air branch (109).

4. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 3, characterized in that: A moisture collection tank (25) is provided below the grate mesh (24), and a filter screen (26) is provided above the moisture collection tank (25). The moisture collection tank (25) is connected to the inlet of the cooling water tank (11). A residue collection tank (19) is provided below the cooling water tank (11). A cooling water outlet (17) and a cooling water inlet (18) are provided on the cooling water tank (11). The outlet of the cooling water tank (11) is connected to the air duct (13). A first fan (12) is provided on the air duct (13). The outlet end of the air duct (13) is located above the pusher plate (14).

5. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A first partition wall (32) is provided between the pyrolysis chamber 1 (27) and the pyrolysis chamber 2 (28). A first air vent (33) is provided on the first partition wall (32). A dust-reducing plate (31) is provided on the first partition wall (32). The dust-reducing plate (31) is located below the first air vent (33). A chain grate (30) connected to the drying system (2) is provided in the pyrolysis chamber 1 (27). A hot air baffle (102) is provided at the connection between the pyrolysis chamber 1 (27) and the drying system (2). A combustion aid inlet (35) is provided on the pyrolysis chamber 1 (27).

6. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The dust-collecting plate (31) is semi-arc and curved upward. The dust-collecting plate (31) is located above the chain grate (30). The combustion aid inlet (35) is located on the top left side of the pyrolysis chamber (27). The chain grate (30) is inclined at an angle of 12-20 degrees to the horizontal direction. An ash storage trough (36) is provided below the end of the chain grate (30).

7. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A second partition wall (37) is provided between the second pyrolysis chamber (28) and the third pyrolysis chamber (29). A second air vent (38) is provided on the second partition wall (37). A guide plate (39) is provided on the four internal walls of the second pyrolysis chamber (28) and the third pyrolysis chamber (29). A guide hole (40) is provided on the guide plate (39). The width of the guide plate (39) is 10% to 20% of the width or length of the second pyrolysis chamber (28) or the third pyrolysis chamber (29), and the thickness is 100 to 200 mm. The diameter of the guide hole (40) is 0.3-0 mm of the width of the guide plate. The guide plate (39) is made of mullite refractory castable and aluminum-magnesium castable mixed at a ratio of 1: (0.15~0.45). The mullite refractory castable has a silica content of 20%~30%, a magnesium oxide content of 0.5%~2%, and a ferric oxide content of less than 1.5%. The aluminum-magnesium castable has an alumina content of 80%~95% and a magnesium oxide content of 2%~8%. The pyrolysis chamber 2 (28) is provided with a first additive inlet (41), and the pyrolysis chamber 3 (29) is provided with a second additive inlet (46) and a third additive inlet (48).

8. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 7, characterized in that: Two guide plates (39) are provided on the lower side of the pyrolysis chamber 2 (28), and one is provided on the left, right and upper sides; two guide plates (39) are provided on the upper and lower sides of the pyrolysis chamber 3 (29), and one is provided on the left and right sides; the first additive inlet (41) is located at the top of the pyrolysis chamber 2 (28), the second additive inlet (46) is located at the top of the pyrolysis chamber 3 (29), and the third additive inlet (48) is located on the side near the steam conversion chamber (50).

9. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lower part of the second pyrolysis chamber (28) is connected to the first ash storage box (42), and the lower part of the third pyrolysis chamber (29) is provided with a second ash storage box (47). The lower parts of the second pyrolysis chamber (28) and the third pyrolysis chamber (29) are connected by a gas guide pipe (44), and a third fan (43) is provided on the gas guide pipe (44).

10. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The steam conversion chamber (50) is provided with a horizontal heat exchange pipe on the upper side and a vertical heat exchange pipe on the lower side. The horizontal heat exchange pipe is connected to the vertical heat exchange pipe. The bottom of the steam conversion chamber (50) is provided with a first ash removal port (51). The upper part of the steam conversion chamber (50) is provided with a steam exhaust port (52). The steam exhaust port (52) is provided with a steam exhaust valve (53).

11. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The waste heat utilization chamber (56) is divided into a left chamber and a right chamber. The left chamber is equipped with a serpentine heat exchange tube with an inner diameter of 50-100mm. The right chamber is equipped with a vertical heat exchange tube with an inner diameter of 20-50mm. The serpentine heat exchange tube and the vertical heat exchange tube are connected by a circulation pump (108) with a flow rate of 1.5-3.0m / s. The bottom of the waste heat utilization chamber (56) is equipped with a second ash removal port (57). The upper part of the waste heat utilization chamber (56) is equipped with a water inlet (94) and a water inlet valve (95) is installed on the water inlet (94).

12. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A return valve (74) is provided on the return gas pipe (73), a second fan (34) is provided on the first return gas branch (109), a first valve (45) is provided on the second return gas branch (110), and a hot water return valve (59) and a return water pump (93) are provided on the hot water return pipe (58).

13. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the spray chamber (61) is provided with a spray water tank (96), and the lower part of the spray water tank (96) is provided with a spray nozzle (62) and a turbulence guide plate (64). The spray nozzle (62) and the turbulence guide plate (64) are both located inside the spray chamber (61). The spray nozzle (62) is connected to the spray water tank (96). The bottom surface of the spray chamber (61) is provided with a baffle (63). The lower part of the spray chamber (61) is connected to the third ash storage box (65).

14. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 13, characterized in that: The turbulence guide plate (64) is a vertical structure at the top and a quarter-circle curved structure at the bottom. There are multiple turbulence guide plates (64). The baffle (63) is a vertical structure at the bottom and a bent structure at the top facing the wind direction. The angle between the bend and the horizontal direction is 65-85º.

15. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The activated carbon box (67) adopts a layered flow purification structure. The activated carbon box (67) is arranged in three to five layers of activated carbon blocks (68). A fourth fan (97) is installed on the fifth connecting pipe (69). A tail gas monitoring box (72) is installed on the side of the exhaust pipe (71).

16. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The carbonization chamber (76) is provided with a support plate (88), which is placed on a support (111). The support plate (88) has a porous structure. Biomass blocks (85) are placed on the support plate (88). The biomass blocks (85) are provided with exhaust holes (86). The exhaust holes (86) are provided with one or more mixtures of quartz sand, manganese sand, ceramsite and steel shot.

17. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 16, characterized in that: The diameter of the exhaust hole (86) is 10-20mm, and the hole spacing is 60-100mm.

18. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate (104) and outer wall (89) of the carbonization chamber (76) are provided with insulation layers. An inner interlayer (105) is provided on the inner side of the bottom plate (104), outer wall (89) and top cover (87). An interlayer space (106) is provided between the inner interlayer (105) and the bottom plate (104), outer wall (89) and top cover (87). The width of the interlayer space (106) is 50-150mm. The inner interlayer (105) is constructed by mixing shale ceramsite powder and slag cement, and has a thickness of 80-100mm. 50mm, the air inlet (90) is located at the lower part of one side of the outer wall (89), the ash outlet (107) is located at the lower part of the outer wall (89) opposite to the air inlet (90), the air outlet (91) is located at the upper part of one side of the outer wall (89), the top of the carbonization chamber (76) is provided with a top cover (87), the top cover (87) is provided with a water spray pipe (99), the upper end of the water spray pipe (99) is provided with a sealing cap (100), and the water spray pipe (99) is provided with a water inlet valve (101).

19. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 1, characterized in that: An exhaust valve (80) is provided on the exhaust connection main pipe (79), a first intake valve (81) is provided on the intake connection main pipe (82), and a second intake valve (98) is provided on the cooling air pipe (103).

20. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 3, characterized in that: Four temperature monitoring points (83) are set on the drying chamber (23), two temperature monitoring points (83) are set on each of the pyrolysis chamber 1 (27), pyrolysis chamber 2 (28), pyrolysis chamber 3 (29), steam conversion chamber (50) and waste heat utilization chamber (56), and one temperature monitoring point (83) is set on each of the second connecting pipe (54), the third connecting pipe (60) and the fifth connecting pipe (69).

21. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Pressure reducing valves (84) are installed on the pyrolysis chamber 1 (27), pyrolysis chamber 2 (28) and steam conversion chamber (50).

22. The integrated device for cogeneration of organic solid waste biochar and steam as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The carbonization chamber (76) is square or round, with a height of 300-600mm and a side length or diameter of 600-2000mm.

23. A method of using the integrated organic solid waste biochar and steam cogeneration device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Organic solid waste enters the drying system (2) from the feeding system (1). The moisture content of the organic solid waste is reduced by the drying system (2). Then, it enters the pyrolysis chamber 1 (27) for pyrolysis. The combustible gas generated by pyrolysis enters the pyrolysis chamber 2 (28) and the pyrolysis chamber 3 (29) for further cracking. The hot air passes through the steam conversion chamber (50) and the waste heat utilization chamber (56) to complete the heat energy conversion. A portion of the hot air discharged from the waste heat utilization chamber (56) is returned to the drying system (2) and the pyrolysis chamber 2 (28) for reuse. During carbonization, another part of the hot air passes through the spray chamber (61), activated carbon box (67) and electrostatic precipitator (70) in sequence before being discharged. The hot air discharged from the heat utilization interface (55) on the second connecting pipe (54) enters the carbonization chamber (76) to complete the carbonization. The combustible gas generated during the carbonization process enters the pyrolysis chamber (27) for pyrolysis utilization. During cooling, the hot air passes through the spray chamber (61), activated carbon box (67) and electrostatic precipitator (70) in sequence before entering the carbonization chamber (76) for cooling.

24. The method of using the integrated organic solid waste biochar and steam cogeneration device according to claim 23, characterized in that: During cooling, the carbonization chamber (76) is cooled to below 300°C. Water of 15-40% of the mass of the biomass block (85) is sprayed into the carbonization chamber (76). After 5-10 minutes, the carbonization chamber (76) is opened and the carbonized biochar is taken out. Then, a new biomass block (85) is put in for the next round of carbonization.

25. The method of using the integrated organic solid waste biochar and steam cogeneration device according to claim 23, characterized in that: The organic solid waste in the feeding system (1) has a size of 5-20 mm and a moisture content of 15-40%. After being dried by the drying system (2), the moisture content is reduced to below 15%. The hot air temperature discharged from the first return air branch (109) into the drying system (2) is 80-150℃.

26. The method of using the integrated organic solid waste biochar and steam cogeneration device according to claim 23, characterized in that: The temperature of the first pyrolysis chamber (27) is 300-500℃, the temperature of the second pyrolysis chamber (28) is 800-950℃, and the temperature of the third pyrolysis chamber (29) is 900-1100℃.

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