Building unit, building formwork and transportation and building construction method

Abstract

The invention provides a building unit, a building formwork and a transportation and building construction method. The building unit comprises a main column, a main beam, a connecting component and an end corner piece. The main column is a vertical force bearing component, the main beam is a horizontal force bearing component, and the main beam and the main column are fixedly connected through a connecting component. The end of the main column is of a hollow structure, and a mounting hole is formed in the side wall of the main column. The end corner pieces comprise end corner pieces for transportation, the end corner pieces for transportation comprise container standard corner pieces and connecting insertion pieces welded to the container standard corner pieces, and the connecting insertion pieces are inserted into the hollow structures of the ends of the main columns in a matched mode and are fixed to the mounting holes through fasteners in a matched mode; the main column is a tetragonal column body, and at least two adjacent side walls of the main column are provided with connecting components; after the main column and the main beam are connected, a vertical space formed between the main column and the main beam forms a space for installing a container standard corner fitting. The building formwork meets the requirements for size and strength compliance in the transportation stage and the requirements for assembling and bearing in the construction stage, and the contradiction between transportation and construction suitability of a traditional building formwork is effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of modular building technology, and in particular to a building unit, building formwork, and methods for transportation and construction. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of modular construction, containerized formwork is widely used due to its standardization and reusability. It must simultaneously meet the requirements of sea and land transportation compliance and structural adaptability for on-site production and construction. Currently, to facilitate sea and land transportation, containerized formwork typically needs to conform to standard container size specifications. Therefore, corner fittings are often installed at the four corners of the formwork. Through the connection of these corner fittings with columns and beams, the overall dimensions of the formwork match the requirements of container transportation, thus adapting to mature maritime and land transportation networks.

[0003] However, the corner fitting designs of existing container-type formwork generally suffer from a single-function defect: if the corner fittings are designed according to transportation standards (such as adapting to container lifting locks and meeting transportation loads), their connection structure and load-bearing capacity are difficult to match the needs of building construction. During on-site assembly, the original corner fittings need to be cut, modified, or replaced, which not only increases labor and time costs but may also damage the integrity of the main structure of the formwork. If the corner fittings are designed according to construction needs (such as adding module splicing holes and strengthening the building load-bearing capacity), the overall size of the formwork is likely to exceed the range of standard containers, making it impossible to use conventional container transportation tools, resulting in a significant increase in transportation costs, and making it difficult to adapt to general lifting equipment. This contradiction of "inability to balance transportation adaptability and construction adaptability" makes container-type formwork inefficient throughout its entire life cycle, restricting the large-scale promotion of modular buildings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address all or part of the problems of the prior art, this invention provides a building unit, a building formwork, and a method for transportation and construction. By configuring replaceable end pieces in the building unit, the building formwork can meet both the dimensional and strength compliance requirements during transportation and the assembly and load-bearing requirements during construction, effectively resolving the contradiction between the transportation and construction adaptability of traditional building formwork.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A building unit includes a main column, a main beam, connecting components, and end corner pieces; The main column is a vertical load-bearing member, the main beam is a horizontal load-bearing member, and the main beam and the main column are fixedly connected by the connecting member; The end of the main column is a hollow structure with mounting holes on its side wall; the end corner piece includes a transportation end corner piece, which includes a standard container end corner piece and a connecting plug welded thereon. The connecting plug is adapted to be inserted into the hollow structure at the end of the main column and is fixed by fasteners in cooperation with the mounting holes. The main column is a square column, and the connecting member is provided on at least two adjacent side walls; after the main column is connected to the main beam, the vertical distance between the two constitutes a space for installing the standard corner brackets of the container.

[0006] The connecting component includes a first connector and a second connector that are perpendicularly connected to each other. The sidewalls of the two connectors together form a T-shaped fixing surface, which is fixedly connected to the sidewall of the main column. The end of the second connector extends out of the end of the main column.

[0007] The second connector is connected to the main beam. The main beam has a connection structure at the corresponding installation position. The second connector has multiple mounting holes for installation in conjunction with the connection structure. The protruding end of the second connector does not exceed the outermost boundary of the main beam after connection.

[0008] The end corner piece also includes a production end corner piece, which has a mounting hole corresponding to the mounting hole on the side wall of the main column. It can be adapted to the hollow structure at the end of the main column and fixed by fasteners to the mounting hole of the main column.

[0009] The present invention also provides a building formwork, comprising at least four building units as described above; the four building units are connected to each other by the main columns and the main beams to form an enclosed structure, which together constitutes a load-bearing structural base in the form of a cubic frame; the corner pieces are detachably installed at the four corners of the load-bearing structural base.

[0010] After the end fittings for transportation are installed at the ends of the main column, the overall external dimensions of the formwork frame conform to the standard container dimensions.

[0011] The load-bearing structural base also includes secondary beams and secondary columns. The secondary beams are located on the top or bottom surface of the load-bearing structural base, and the secondary columns are located on the side surface of the load-bearing structural base. The secondary beams and secondary columns are respectively connected to the corresponding main beams through connectors.

[0012] On the top, bottom, or side surface of the load-bearing structural base, an X-shaped reinforcing tie rod is provided between the main column, the secondary column, the main beam, or the secondary beam; the two ends of the X-shaped reinforcing tie rod are detachably connected to the main column, the secondary column, the main beam, or the secondary beam respectively through tie rod mounting plates.

[0013] It includes multiple load-bearing structural bases, and the multiple load-bearing structural bases are connected to adjacent main columns through the production end corner pieces, together forming a multi-layer modular building formwork.

[0014] This invention also provides a method for transporting and constructing a building formwork, based on the building formwork described above, including the following steps: Transportation phase: Insert the connecting plug of the transportation end piece into the end of the main column, fix the connection with fasteners, so that the formwork meets the container transportation standards and completes the hoisting and transportation; Construction phase: Remove the transportation end fittings, insert the production end fittings into the ends of the main columns for connection, and complete the on-site installation of a single formwork frame and the modular splicing of multiple formwork frames. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a first-view structural schematic diagram of a building formwork according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a second-view structural schematic diagram of a building formwork according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a side view of a building formwork (with X-shaped reinforcing tie rods installed) according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a top view of a building formwork according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 Provided for embodiments of the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged view of the structure at point A connecting with the end corner piece.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting member in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a first-view structural schematic diagram of the corner piece (transportation corner piece) in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a second-view structural schematic diagram of the corner piece (transportation corner piece) in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a side view of the corner piece (transportation corner piece) in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 10This is a bottom view of the corner piece (transportation corner piece) in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Reference numerals: 1. Main column; 2. Main beam; 3. Connecting component; 301. First connector; 302. Second connector; 4. End corner piece; 401. Body; 402. Connecting insert; 4021. First connecting part; 4022. Second connecting part; 4023. Reinforcing part; 5. Secondary beam; 6. Secondary column; 7. X-shaped reinforcing tie rod. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions in specific embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1 This embodiment discloses a building unit, which serves as the basic structural unit of a building formwork. The building formwork is formed by splicing and assembling multiple building units, aiming to solve the problem of the contradiction between transportation and construction adaptability of traditional building modules. Through the combination of modular design and replaceable corner pieces 4, the unity of transportation compliance and construction practicality is achieved.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the building unit specifically includes one main column 1, two main beams 2, two connecting members 3, and one end corner piece 4; wherein, the main column 1 is the vertical core load-bearing member of the entire building unit, bearing the vertical load and providing structural support; the main beam 2 is a horizontal load-bearing member, used to transfer the horizontal load and together with the main column 1, it forms the main frame of the unit. The main beam 2 and the main column 1 are fixed together by the connecting member 3 to ensure the overall structural rigidity of the frame.

[0030] Specifically, the main column 1 is designed as a square column structure with hollow ends (the main column 1 can also be designed as a hollow column to accommodate the installation requirements of the corner fittings 4). Multiple mounting holes are provided on the side walls of the hollow structure for fixing with the corner fittings 4. Simultaneously, at least two adjacent side walls of the main column 1 are fitted with a connecting member 3, with the installation directions of the two connecting members 3 perpendicular to each other to accommodate the horizontal connection requirements of the two main beams 2. Furthermore, after the main column 1 is connected to the two main beams 2 via the connecting members 3, a pre-defined space is formed between the ends of the main column 1, the ends of the main beams 2, and the connecting members 3. The dimensions of this space are compatible with the external dimensions of standard container corner fittings and are specifically used for installing the corner fittings 4. This ensures that the corner fittings 4 do not structurally interfere with the main beams 2 or the connecting members 3 after installation, and that the overall dimensions of the building formwork assembled from this building unit meet container shipping standards.

[0031] The main beam 2 is an H-shaped steel beam with high bending and shear strength, suitable for the horizontal load-bearing requirements of building units. At both ends of the main beam 2, corresponding to the connection positions with the connecting member 3, the upper or lower flange of the H-beam is provided with a clearance notch. The shape and size of the clearance notch are designed according to the shape of the connecting member 3 to adapt to the installation posture of the connecting member 3, avoid structural interference between the flange of the main beam 2 and the connecting member 3, and at the same time ensure the close fit and fixation between the connecting member 3 and the web of the main beam 2, thereby improving the connection strength.

[0032] The connecting member 3 includes a first connecting member 301 integrally formed or fixed by welding and a second connecting member 302. The first connecting member 301 and the second connecting member 302 are arranged perpendicular to each other, and their side walls together form a T-shaped fixing surface. This T-shaped fixing surface is tightly fitted to the side wall of the main column 1 and fixed to the main column 1 by welding or bolting to ensure the connection stability between the connecting member 3 and the main column 1. The first connecting member 301 is arranged perpendicular to the main column 1 and extends radially along the main column 1 in its length direction to help distribute the load. The second connecting member 302 is arranged parallel to the main column 1 and extends axially along the main column 1 in its length direction. The end of the second connecting member 302 extends beyond the end of the main column 1, and this extended portion is used to connect with the main beam 2. Furthermore, the second connector 302 is provided with multiple spaced mounting holes, and the web of the main beam 2 is provided with a connection structure (such as bolt holes) that matches the mounting holes at the corresponding positions. The second connector 302 is fixed to the main beam 2 by the bolts passing through the mounting holes and engaging with the connection structure. It is also necessary to ensure that the protruding end of the second connector 302 does not exceed the outermost boundary of the main beam 2 after connection, so as to avoid affecting the overall size control of the building unit.

[0033] The corner fitting 4 includes a transportation corner fitting and a production corner fitting, which can be flexibly replaced according to the usage scenario. Among them, the transportation corner fitting adopts a standard container corner fitting conforming to ISO standards. A connecting plug 402 is welded to one side of the standard container corner fitting. The cross-sectional shape and size of the connecting plug 402 are adapted to the hollow structure at the end of the main column 1, and can be inserted into the hollow structure at the end of the main column 1.

[0034] Example 2 This embodiment discloses a corner piece for transportation, which is used to cooperate with the main column 1 of the building unit described in Embodiment 1, so that the building formwork formed by assembling the building unit meets the requirements of container transportation and achieves transportation compliance.

[0035] The corner fitting for transport specifically includes a body 401 and a connecting plug 402. The body 401 is a standard corner fitting for containers that conforms to ISO standards, so as to directly adapt to the lifting and size requirements of container transport. The connecting plug 402 is fixedly connected to the body 401 to achieve precise docking between the corner fitting for transport and the main column 1.

[0036] The main body 401 is a cubic structure with an internal cavity. Lifting holes are provided on its top end face and at least one side wall, and each lifting hole communicates with the internal cavity of the main body 401. These lifting holes are used to accommodate lifting equipment (such as locks on container cranes) used in container transportation. By inserting the lock into the lifting hole and engaging with the cavity of the main body 401, stable lifting and fixing of the transport end fittings and building units can be achieved. Furthermore, to improve lifting adaptability, in this embodiment, lifting holes are provided on two adjacent side walls of the main body 401 (defined as the first side wall and the second side wall) to meet the needs of lifting operations in different directions.

[0037] The connecting plug 402 includes a first connecting part 4021, a second connecting part 4022, and a reinforcing part 4023. Both the first connecting part 4021 and the second connecting part 4022 are elongated mounting plates, perpendicularly distributed at 90 degrees and fixedly connected to the bottom end face of the main body 401. The extension direction of the first connecting part 4021 is parallel to the first side wall of the main body 401, and the extension direction of the second connecting part 4022 is parallel to the second side wall of the main body 401, ensuring that the positional correspondence between the connecting plug 402 and the main body 401 is adapted to the structure of the main column 1, avoiding installation interference. Simultaneously, both the first connecting part 4021 and the second connecting part 4022 have multiple mounting through holes. These mounting through holes have the same diameter and spacing as the mounting holes on the side wall of the main column 1 in Embodiment 1, used to further strengthen the fixing effect between the connecting plug 402 and the main column 1 using fasteners (such as bolts and pins). The reinforcing part 4023 is designed as a triangular plate structure. One side of it is fixedly connected to the side wall of the first connecting part 4021, and the other side is fixedly connected to the side wall of the second connecting part 4022. Through the stability characteristics of the triangular structure, the connection rigidity between the first connecting part 4021 and the second connecting part 4022 is enhanced, preventing the connecting plug 402 from deforming due to vibration and load during transportation, and ensuring the reliability of the connection between the transportation end corner piece and the main column 1.

[0038] Furthermore, to ensure the compatibility and connection strength between the connector 402 and the column, the outer periphery of the connector 402 is slightly smaller than the corresponding inner cavity of the column, and the assembly gap between them is controlled within a preset range (e.g., 1mm~2mm). This gap design not only provides necessary assembly allowance to ensure that the connector 402 can be smoothly inserted into the end of the column, but also limits the radial sway amplitude, preventing relative displacement between the connector 402 and the column due to excessive gap after insertion. The ratio of the insertion depth of the connector 402 into the end of the column to the height of the hollow structure at the end of the column is set to 5%~10%. This ratio design ensures that there is sufficient contact area between the connector 402 and the column, achieving reliable fixation through surface contact fasteners (effectively preventing loosening under transportation bumps or construction loads), and also prevents local stress concentration in the end structure of the column due to excessive insertion, thereby ensuring that the overall load-bearing performance of the column is not affected.

[0039] After the connecting plug 402 is inserted into the hollow structure at the end of the main column 1, the fasteners can be used to fix the transportation end corner piece to the main column 1 by passing through the mounting holes on the side wall of the main column 1 and engaging with the mounting through holes of the connecting plug 402. At this time, the overall size of the building formwork assembled from the building unit described in Example 1 meets the standard container size requirements and can be adapted to the hoisting and load-bearing requirements of sea and land transportation.

[0040] Example 3 This embodiment discloses a production corner piece, which is used to replace the transportation corner piece described in Embodiment 2 during the building construction stage, so that the building unit meets the structural adaptation and connection requirements of on-site construction.

[0041] The production end corner fitting is designed to adapt to building construction scenarios. Its body 401 has mounting holes that correspond one-to-one with the mounting holes on the side wall of the main column 1 in Embodiment 1. The size of the insertion part (the part that fits with the hollow structure of the main column 1) of the production end corner fitting can be consistent with the size of the connecting plug 402 of the transportation end corner fitting in Embodiment 2. It can be adapted to the hollow structure at the end of the main column 1 and can also be flexibly adjusted according to the actual load-bearing and connection requirements of building construction (such as adjusting the length or cross-sectional size of the insertion part to adapt to special construction scenarios).

[0042] To improve construction adaptability, the corner fittings used in production can be equipped with additional functional structures according to construction needs. For example, horizontal or vertical splicing holes can be added to their side walls for connection with beam and column structures of other building units, or the body can be thickened with 401 strength to adapt to construction load requirements, thereby improving the convenience of on-site assembly and structural stability.

[0043] The assembly and replacement process of the production corner fitting and the main column 1 is as follows: After the building unit described in Example 1 (with the transportation corner fitting of Example 2 already assembled) is transported to the construction site, the fasteners of the transportation corner fitting are removed, the connecting plug 402 is taken out from the hollow structure at the end of the main column 1, and the insertion part of the production corner fitting is aligned with the hollow structure at the end of the main column 1 and inserted. The corner fitting 4 is replaced by fasteners passing through the mounting holes of the main column 1 and engaging with the mounting holes of the production corner fitting. This allows the building unit to switch from the "transportation adaptation state" to the "construction adaptation state".

[0044] In addition, corner piece 4 can also be set as other structural components with different structural forms according to actual use requirements (such as irregular corner pieces adapted to special construction scenarios). As long as the size of its plug-in part and the position of the mounting hole are adapted to the structure of the main column 1, it can be connected to the main column 1 through its own connecting plate (such as the connecting plug 402 of the above-mentioned transportation corner piece and the plug-in part of the production corner piece), thereby completing the replacement of corner piece 4. It is not limited to the above-mentioned transportation and production types, so as to improve the applicability of the building unit described in Embodiment 1.

[0045] Example 4 This embodiment discloses extended application scenarios of the building unit described in embodiments 1-3, making it adaptable to various building structural frames such as triangles, polygons, and irregular shapes, breaking through the application limitations of container-type formwork.

[0046] When applying this design, the core design elements such as "the matching connection logic between the hollow structure at the end of the main column 1 and the replaceable end corner pieces" and "the stable connection structure between the connecting component 3 and the beams and columns" must remain unchanged. Only the following parameters need to be adjusted according to the shape and load-bearing path of the target building structure: The cross-sectional shape of the main column 1 can be adjusted from a square column to a triangular column, a polygonal column, or an irregular column, ensuring that the end still has a hollow structure and mounting holes; The arrangement direction of the main beam 2 can be adjusted from horizontal to inclined (such as to adapt to a triangular roof or an irregular curtain wall), and the installation angle of the connecting component 3 and the main column 1 should be adjusted accordingly to ensure that the main beam 2 and the connecting component 3 fit together and are fixed, and that the ends of the three form a preset space for the matching end corner pieces; The installation angle of the connecting component 3 should be adjusted according to the arrangement direction of the main beam 2 and the cross-sectional shape of the main column 1. For example, when the two main beams in a triangular structure are at a 60-degree angle, the installation direction of the connecting component 3 should also be 60 degrees to ensure that the T-shaped fixing surface fits tightly against the side wall of the main column 1.

[0047] Through the above adjustments, the building unit can meet the assembly, transportation and construction needs of building structures of different shapes, and improve the utilization efficiency throughout the entire life cycle.

[0048] Example 5 This embodiment discloses a building formwork, such as Figures 1 to 10 As shown, based on the building unit construction described in Examples 1-4, the aim is to achieve a balance between structural stability and scene adaptability through modular assembly.

[0049] The building formwork includes at least four building units as described in Example 1. The four building units serve as the corner core components of the formwork and are connected by the corresponding main columns 1 and main beams 2 to form a load-bearing structural base of a cubic frame structure. The load-bearing structural base serves as the main load-bearing skeleton of the formwork. The ends of the main columns 1 at the four corners are detachably equipped with corner pieces 4. When the end pieces for transportation are installed at the ends of the main columns 1, the overall external dimensions of the building formwork (including length, width, and height) precisely match the standard container size specifications (such as the 20-foot and 40-foot container sizes in the ISO standard), and can be directly adapted to the hoisting equipment and loading space of sea and land transportation.

[0050] To enhance the overall rigidity and spatial integrity of the load-bearing structural base, the base also includes multiple secondary beams 5 and multiple secondary columns 6. The secondary beams 5 are arranged parallel to the top or bottom surface of the load-bearing structural base, with both ends fixedly connected to the corresponding main beam 2 via connectors (such as bolts or welded joints). These secondary beams are used to share the top / bottom load and refine spatial division. The secondary columns 6 are arranged vertically on the sides of the load-bearing structural base (i.e., in the vertical direction excluding corners), with both ends connected to the upper and lower main beams 2 respectively, forming a side support frame to further enhance the formwork's resistance to lateral displacement. The number of secondary beams 5 and secondary columns 6 can be flexibly set according to the formwork's dimensions and load requirements, and all adopt connection standards compatible with the main beams 2 and main columns 1 to ensure consistency in modular assembly.

[0051] Example 6 Based on the building formwork described in Example 5, this embodiment adds an X-shaped reinforcing tie rod 7 to enhance the deformation resistance of the building formwork during transportation and use, and improve the overall shear strength.

[0052] Specifically, on the top, bottom, or side surfaces of the load-bearing structural base, X-shaped reinforcing tie rods 7 are installed between adjacent main columns 1, secondary columns 6, main beams 2, or secondary beams 5. The X-shaped reinforcing tie rod 7 consists of two steel tie rods arranged in an "X" shape, with both ends detachably connected to the main column 1, secondary column 6, main beam 2, or secondary beam 5 via tie rod mounting plates (e.g., bolted connections). This disperses lateral loads through the principle of cross-force distribution, enhancing the overall shear strength of the formwork. Furthermore, taking main column 1 and secondary column 6 as examples, X-shaped reinforcing tie rods 7 can be added between them according to load requirements. Multiple tie rod mounting plates can also be pre-set in the middle of main column 1 and secondary column 6, allowing double or even multiple layers of X-shaped reinforcing tie rods 7 to be arranged vertically between main columns 1 (or between main columns 1 and secondary columns 6, or between secondary columns 6) within the same vertical section, thus strengthening structural stability through multi-dimensional load distribution. The specific arrangement and cross angle of the X-shaped reinforcing tie rods 7 can be adjusted according to the size of the mold frame and the load level, and are not limited to the above forms. Their core function is to constrain the deformation of the mold frame through the tension of the tie rods, so as to ensure the overall structural strength.

[0053] Example 7 This embodiment discloses the splicing method of the building formwork described in Embodiments 5-6. The production corner pieces described in Embodiment 3 enable longitudinal (multi-layer) and lateral (large area) expansion to adapt to the needs of buildings of different scales.

[0054] During longitudinal splicing, the load-bearing structural bases of adjacent layers are connected vertically through the production end fittings at the ends of the main columns 1 at corresponding positions. The longitudinal splicing holes (distributed along the vertical direction) on the production end fittings are used to fix them through bolts or pins, so that multiple load-bearing structural bases are stacked sequentially along the height direction to form a multi-layer structure that can adapt to different floor height requirements.

[0055] When splicing horizontally, adjacent load-bearing structural bases on the same floor are horizontally connected by production end fittings at the ends of the corresponding main columns 1 on the side. Using the pre-set horizontal splicing holes (distributed along the horizontal direction) on the production end fittings, bolts or pins are used to fix them through, so that multiple load-bearing structural bases can be expanded along the plane to form a large-area building unit.

[0056] By using corner fittings for production that support both longitudinal and transverse splicing, multiple load-bearing structural bases can be combined to form modular building formwork of different sizes and shapes. This not only meets the needs of low-rise, large-span buildings but also adapts to high-rise prefabricated building scenarios, significantly improving the combination flexibility and application range of building formwork.

[0057] Example 8 This embodiment discloses the entire process method for the transportation and construction of building formwork described in Embodiments 5-7, ensuring transportation compliance and construction efficiency, specifically including the following steps: Transportation stage: Align the connecting plug 402 of the transportation end corner piece with the hollow end structure of the four corner main columns 1 of the load-bearing structure base, insert it axially to the preset depth, and use fasteners (such as bolts) to pass through the mounting holes on the side wall of the main column 1 and the mounting holes of the connecting plug 402 and lock them to ensure that the transportation end corner piece is firmly connected to the main column 1; at this time, the overall external dimensions of the building formwork conform to the standard container specifications, and the formwork can be hoisted, loaded and transported by sea and land by using the locking device of the container crane in conjunction with the hoisting hole of the transportation end corner piece.

[0058] Construction Phase: 1) Single Formwork Installation: After the formwork is transported to the construction site, remove the fasteners of the transport end corner fittings and pull out the connecting plug 402 from the end of the main column 1; insert the plug part of the production end corner fitting into the hollow structure at the end of the main column 1 and fix it with fasteners to complete the replacement of the end corner fitting 4 of a single building formwork and its on-site placement; 2) Multi-Formwork Splicing: For multi-story or multi-unit buildings, align the ends of the main columns 1 of adjacent formworks through the splicing holes of specific production end corner fittings, and use bolts or pins to connect them to achieve horizontal or vertical splicing of multiple formworks to form a complete building structure frame; according to construction needs, X-shaped reinforcing tie rods 7 can be added to the side of the spliced ​​formwork to further improve the overall stability.

[0059] Through the above structural design and process, the building formwork in this embodiment can not only reduce transportation costs by utilizing the mature container transportation network, but also quickly adapt to the construction needs of different scales through modular splicing, effectively improving the utilization efficiency of the building formwork throughout its entire life cycle.

[0060] It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to this invention without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A building unit, characterized in that, It includes main columns (1), main beams (2), connecting components (3), and end corner pieces (4); The main column (1) is a vertical load-bearing member, the main beam (2) is a horizontal load-bearing member, and the main beam (2) and the main column (1) are fixedly connected by the connecting member (3); The end of the main column (1) is a hollow structure with mounting holes on its side wall; the end corner piece (4) includes a transportation end corner piece, which includes a standard container end corner piece and a connecting plug (402) welded thereon. The connecting plug (402) is adapted to be inserted into the hollow structure at the end of the main column (1) and is fixed by fasteners in cooperation with the mounting holes. The main column (1) is a square column, and the connecting member (3) is provided on at least two adjacent side walls; after the main column (1) is connected to the main beam (2), the vertical distance between the two constitutes the space for installing the standard corner piece of the container.

2. The building unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting member (3) includes a first connector (301) and a second connector (302) that are perpendicularly connected to each other. The sidewalls of the two connectors together form a T-shaped fixing surface, which is fixedly connected to the sidewall of the main column (1). The end of the second connector (302) extends out of the end of the main column (1).

3. The building unit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second connector (302) is connected to the main beam (2). The main beam (2) has a connection structure at the corresponding installation position. The second connector (302) has multiple mounting holes for installation in conjunction with the connection structure. The protruding end of the second connector (302) does not exceed the outermost boundary of the main beam (2) after connection.

4. The building unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end corner piece (4) also includes a production end corner piece, which has a mounting hole corresponding to the mounting hole on the side wall of the main column (1), and can be adapted to the hollow structure at the end of the main column (1) and fixed by fasteners to the mounting hole of the main column (1).

5. A building formwork, characterized in that, It includes at least four building units as described in any one of claims 1-4; The four building units are connected by the main column (1) and the main beam (2) to form an enclosed structure, which together constitutes a load-bearing structural base in the form of a cubic frame; the corner pieces (4) are detachably installed at the four corners of the load-bearing structural base.

6. The building formwork according to claim 5, characterized in that, After the end fittings for transportation are installed at the end of the main column (1), the overall external dimensions of the formwork frame conform to the standard container dimensions.

7. The building formwork according to claim 5, characterized in that, The load-bearing structural base also includes secondary beams (5) and secondary columns (6). The secondary beams (5) are located on the top or bottom surface of the load-bearing structural base, and the secondary columns (6) are located on the side surface of the load-bearing structural base. The secondary beams (5) and the secondary columns (6) are respectively connected to the corresponding main beams (2) through connectors.

8. The building formwork according to claim 7, characterized in that, On the top, bottom, or side surface of the load-bearing structural base, an X-shaped reinforcing tie rod (7) is provided between the main column (1), the secondary column (6), the main beam (2), or the secondary beam (5); the two ends of the X-shaped reinforcing tie rod (7) are detachably connected to the main column (1), the secondary column (6), the main beam (2), or the secondary beam (5) respectively through tie rod mounting plates.

9. The building formwork according to claim 5, characterized in that, It includes multiple load-bearing structural bases, and the multiple load-bearing structural bases are connected to each other through the production end corner pieces to form a multi-layer modular building formwork.

10. A method for transporting and constructing a building formwork, characterized in that, The construction formwork based on any one of claims 5-9 includes the following steps: Transportation stage: Insert the connecting plug (402) of the transportation end corner piece into the end of the main column (1), and fix it with fasteners so that the formwork meets the container transportation standard and completes the hoisting and transportation; Construction phase: Remove the transportation end corner piece, insert the production end corner piece into the end of the main column (1) for connection, and complete the on-site installation of a single mold frame and the modular splicing of multiple mold frames.

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