Basement waterproof construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, and particularly discloses a basement waterproof construction method which comprises the following steps: 1) dividing a basement into three structures, namely a basement bottom plate, a basement side wall and a basement top plate; (2) corresponding composite waterproof layers are specifically designed for the three independent structures of the basement bottom plate, the basement side wall and the basement top plate respectively; and (3) waterproof construction is conducted on the basement bottom plate, the basement side walls and the basement top plate in sequence. Different waterproof designs are conducted according to different structures of the basement, all the structures of the basement can be effectively waterproof, the corresponding waterproof construction method for the different structures of the basement is perfect, comprehensive and complete waterproof can be conducted on the basement in a limited mode, and the waterproof effect is good. The method has positive guidance and reference significance for basement waterproof construction and is suitable for wide popularization and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction technology, specifically to a method for waterproofing basements. Background Technology

[0002] Basements, as "underground functional expansion spaces" in building construction, are widely used in residential, school, and commercial buildings, serving core functions such as equipment rooms, garages, and storage. Their waterproofing quality directly determines safety and structural durability. With increasing building height and depth of underground space development, basements must simultaneously withstand foundation reaction forces, soil lateral pressure, groundwater seepage pressure, and temperature variations, making waterproofing requirements increasingly complex. Current basement waterproofing construction technologies are insufficient to meet the actual needs of these projects.

[0003] Existing solutions often adopt a unified approach to waterproofing, neglecting the functional differences between the basement floor slab, side walls, and roof slab. The floor slab, as a horizontal load-bearing structure in direct contact with the foundation, needs to balance compressive strength and seepage prevention. However, existing solutions often use thin-film waterproofing membranes, which are prone to damage due to uneven foundation settlement or load compression. Side walls, as vertical enclosure structures, are greatly affected by soil lateral pressure and freeze-thaw cycles. The existing leveling layer and waterproofing layer have insufficient bonding strength, easily leading to membrane delamination and detachment. The roof slab needs to be compatible with planting or permeable paving. Existing solutions lack a design that combines root penetration resistance with water drainage and retention, making them susceptible to failure due to root damage or water seepage. Most waterproofing solutions only mention material names such as "waterproof membrane" and "cement mortar," without specifying core technical parameters, leading to confusion in material selection during on-site construction. Premixed mortar lacks clear specifications for waterproofing additive dosages, resulting in unstable impermeability of the leveling layer. Furthermore, there is insufficient compatibility between materials and construction techniques. For example, the timing of protective layer construction after sidewall membrane installation is not clearly defined; premature scaffold removal can damage the waterproofing layer, while delayed construction leads to long-term exposure and aging. Post-pouring strips are simply covered with additional membrane layers without rigid water-stopping components such as steel plates, making them prone to leakage due to temperature contraction. Through-wall pipes lack welded water-stop rings, and the gaps between pipes and walls are merely filled with ordinary mortar, allowing water to easily seep in. The specific form of the additional layer is not specified, resulting in loose membrane adhesion around pipes and creating seepage channels. In addition, existing solutions lack clear preconditions for waterproofing construction of each structure, easily leading to "cross-construction damage to the waterproofing layer." Problem: The acceptance process simplifies the requirements for water tightness testing, and some plans do not specify the test duration or qualification standards (if not defined, hidden leaks may go undetected, leading to problems such as dampness in the base slab, water seepage in the side walls, and dripping water in the roof after the building is put into use, requiring later removal and repair, which not only increases costs but also affects the normal use of the building). Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a basement waterproofing construction method with differentiated structural design, clear material parameters, reinforcement of special parts, and standardized construction and acceptance, so as to ensure the long-term stable use of the basement.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a basement waterproofing construction method, comprising the following steps: (1) Structural division: The basement is divided into three independent structures according to the stress and waterproofing requirements: basement floor slab, basement side walls, and basement roof slab. The basement floor slab is a horizontal load-bearing structure that is in direct contact with the foundation. The basement side walls are vertical enclosure structures with a height not lower than 1.2m above the outdoor ground level. The basement roof slab is a horizontal load-bearing and protective structure located at the top of the basement. (2) Targeted Waterproofing Design: For the basement floor slab, the design includes an impermeable concrete base layer + a 20mm thick premixed DTA cement mortar leveling layer (DTA is a retarding waterproofing additive, with a dosage of 3%-5% of the cement mass, in accordance with GB / T25181-2019 "Premixed Mortar") + a 4mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane (tensile strength ≥800N / 50mm, elongation at break ≥40%) + a paper-based asphalt felt isolation layer (thickness ≥3mm) + 50 A composite waterproof layer consisting of a 20mm thick C20 fine aggregate concrete protective layer (impermeability grade P6) is designed. For the basement sidewalls, the design includes: an impermeable concrete base layer (impermeability grade P8) + a 20mm thick pre-mixed DTA cement mortar leveling layer (parameters same as the base slab leveling layer) + a base treatment agent (matching the waterproof membrane, solid content ≥60%) + a cold-applied primer (asphalt content ≥90%) + a 4mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane (parameters same as the base slab membrane) + a 50mm thick extruded polystyrene... For the basement roof slab, a composite waterproof layer is designed consisting of: a waterproof base layer of impermeable concrete (impermeability grade P8) + a minimum thickness of 40mm thick aerated concrete with a 2% slope (aerated concrete particle size 5-10mm, compressive strength ≥3MPa) + a 20mm thick premixed DS cement mortar leveling layer (DS is a crack-resistant waterproof additive, with a dosage of 2%-4% of the cement mass, in accordance with GB / T25181-2019) + a 1.5mm thick root-penetration resistant waterproof material (using copper-based SBS modified bitumen material, with root-penetration resistance conforming to GB50108-2008) + a 4mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane (parameters same as the base slab membrane) + HW polymer protective drainage / water-retaining irregularly shaped sheet (material is high-density polyethylene, protrusion height ≥8mm, drainage capacity ≥1.5L / (s•m)). (3) Sequential construction: After the concrete of the main structure of the basement has been cured to 80% of the design strength, the waterproofing construction of the basement floor slab is carried out first. After the waterproofing layer of the floor slab is accepted and the protective layer strength reaches 70% of the design strength, the waterproofing construction of the basement side walls is carried out. After the waterproofing layer of the side walls is accepted and the protective layer construction is completed, the waterproofing construction of the basement roof slab is carried out last. After the waterproofing layer of each structure is constructed, a 24-hour water tightness test must be carried out. The test qualification standard is no leakage and no damp stains.

[0006] To better implement the method of the present invention, further, in step (2), the waterproof design of the basement floor slab is as follows: from top to bottom, a 50mm thick C20 fine stone concrete protective layer, a paper-based asphalt felt isolation layer, a 4mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane, a 20mm thick premixed DTA cement mortar leveling layer, and an impermeable concrete base layer are installed sequentially; wherein, the impermeability grade of the C20 fine stone concrete protective layer is P6, the maximum aggregate particle size is ≤15mm, and it is compacted by mechanical vibration; the thickness of the paper-based asphalt felt isolation layer is 3-5mm, the overlap width is ≥100mm when laying, and the overlap is sealed with asphalt adhesive; the 4mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane is made of SBS modified bitumen material, and the base is polyethylene. Ester felt, tensile strength ≥800N / 50mm, elongation at break ≥40%, low-temperature bending temperature ≤-25℃, hot-melt method for installation, long side overlap width ≥100mm, short side overlap width ≥150mm; in the 20mm thick premixed DTA cement mortar leveling layer, the DTA retarding waterproofing additive dosage is 3%-5% of the cement mass, the compressive strength of the cement mortar is ≥15MPa, the surface flatness error of the leveling layer is ≤3mm / 2m, and the internal and external corners are made into arcs with a radius of 50mm; the impermeability grade of the impermeable concrete base layer is P6, the strength grade is C30, layered pouring is adopted, the layer thickness is ≤500mm, and the vibration compaction meets the concrete density ≥98%.

[0007] To better implement the method of the present invention, further, in step (3), the waterproofing construction process of the basement floor slab is as follows: (3.1.1) Base construction: Pour impermeable concrete base, and cover it with a membrane for curing for ≥7 days after pouring. After curing, inspect the base surface, remove surface laitance and protrusions, and repair honeycomb pits with 1:2 cement mortar. After repair, the flatness error of the base surface should be ≤5mm / 2m, and the moisture content of the base should be ≤9%. (3.1.2) Cleaning the base layer: Use a high-pressure blower to remove dust and debris from the base layer surface, and use acetone to wipe away oil stains to ensure that the base layer is free of debris and oil stains; (3.1.3) Applying cold primer: The cold primer is an asphalt-based material (asphalt content ≥90%). It is applied evenly with a brown brush, with a thickness ≤0.5mm. There should be no white spots or drips. After application, it should be allowed to dry naturally for ≥4 hours. After drying, the base surface should not be sticky to the touch. (3.1.4) Special treatment: Special areas include internal and external corners, the perimeter of sump pits, the perimeter of elevator shaft foundation pits, and post-pouring strips; at internal and external corners, an additional 500mm wide (symmetrically distributed around the internal and external corners) 4mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane is added. The additional layer is laid by hot-melt method, with an overlap width ≥100mm; at the perimeter of sump pits and elevator shaft foundation pits, two additional layers are added. The first layer is a 500mm wide membrane additional layer, and the second layer is a 1.5mm thick polyurethane waterproof coating additional layer (drying time ≤24h); at post-pouring strips, a 300mm wide membrane additional layer is laid first, and then a waterstop steel plate (3mm thick, 300mm wide) is installed along the length of the post-pouring strip. The waterstop steel plate is welded and fixed to the base layer. (3.1.5) Laying 4mm thick waterproof membrane: The hot melt method is used for laying (parameters are the same as above). When laying, push from one end of the base plate to the other end. After the membrane is laid, use a rubber pressure roller to vent and compact it to ensure that the membrane is free of air bubbles and wrinkles. After laying, check the integrity of the membrane. Repair any damaged areas with a patch of the same material. The patch area should be 100mm × 100mm larger than the damaged area. (3.1.6) Joint reinforcement treatment: The joints of the roll material (long side and short side overlap) are heated twice by hot melt method to make the modified asphalt overflow at the joint, with an overflow width of ≥5mm. After cooling, the joint edge is sealed with sealant (matching the roll material), with a sealing width of ≥10mm. (3.1.7) Construction of the protective layer for waterproof membrane: Pour a 50mm thick C20 fine stone concrete protective layer (parameters as above). Use a plate vibrator to vibrate during pouring to avoid direct contact between the vibrator and the waterproof membrane. After the protective layer is poured, cover it with a membrane and cure for ≥7 days. After curing, the strength of the protective layer should reach 70% of the design strength. (3.1.8) Construction of the next process: After the protective layer passes the acceptance inspection, the upper structure of the basement floor slab shall be constructed. Before construction, a plastic film isolation layer shall be laid on the surface of the protective layer to avoid damage to the protective layer by the upper construction.

[0008] To better implement the method of the present invention, further, in step (2), the waterproof design of the basement side wall is as follows: from the inside out, a waterproof concrete base layer, a 20mm thick premixed DTA cement mortar leveling layer, a base treatment agent layer, a cold primer layer, a 4mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane layer, and a 50mm thick extruded polystyrene board protective layer are installed sequentially; wherein, the strength grade of the waterproof concrete base layer is C30, the waterproof grade is P8, and slipform construction is adopted, with a surface flatness error ≤4mm / 2m; the parameters of the 20mm thick premixed DTA cement mortar leveling layer are the same as above, and when the leveling layer is constructed, the through bolt holes of the side wall are sealed with 1:2 cement mortar, with a sealing depth ≥50mm, and the surface after sealing is flush with the leveling layer. The coating should be flush with the substrate; the base treatment agent should be a water-emulsion type asphalt material with a solid content ≥60%, a coating thickness of 0.3-0.5mm, and allowed to dry for ≥2 hours after application; the parameters of the cold primer layer are the same as above, with a thickness ≤1mm when overlapping with the base treatment agent layer; the parameters of the 4mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane layer are the same as above, with a longitudinal overlap width ≥100mm and a transverse overlap width ≥150mm when laying the membrane; the thermal conductivity of the 50mm thick extruded polystyrene board protective layer should be ≤0.03W / (m•K), and the compressive strength ≥200kPa. It should be bonded with a special adhesive, with an adhesive application area ≥80%, and the joints between polystyrene boards should be sealed with polyurethane sealant with a sealing width ≥10mm.

[0009] To better implement the method of the present invention, further, in step (3), according to the basement waterproofing construction method of claim 1, the waterproofing construction process of the basement sidewalls in step (3) is as follows: (3.2.1) Erecting double-row coupler-type steel pipe scaffolding: The longitudinal spacing of the scaffolding uprights is 1.2m, the transverse spacing is 0.9m, the step distance is 1.5m, the distance between the inner row of uprights and the side wall is 0.3m, the bottom of the scaffolding uprights is set with 50mm thick wooden blocks, the horizontal bars of the scaffolding are connected to the uprights with right-angle couplers, and the tightening torque of the couplers is 40-65N•m; the scaffolding is fully covered with wooden footboards, the footboards are made of 18mm thick pine wood, the overlap width between the footboards is ≥100mm, and the footboards are tied and fixed to the scaffolding with No. 8 iron wire; (3.2.2) Base treatment of exterior wall surface: Use an angle grinder to grind the template joints on the side wall surface. After grinding, the surface flatness error should be ≤4mm / 2m. Remove the plugs of the through bolts (size 50mm×50mm). After the bolts are cut off, apply anti-rust paint (dry film thickness ≥60μm). Seal the bolt holes with 1:2 cement mortar (sealing depth ≥50mm). Repair the pitted surface of the side wall with 1:3 cement mortar. After repair, the base moisture content should be ≤9%. After acceptance, proceed to the next process. (3.2.3) Applying cold primer and base treatment agent: First apply base treatment agent (parameters as above), let it dry for ≥2 hours, then apply cold primer (parameters above). Apply the primer evenly from top to bottom to avoid dripping, and let it dry for ≥4 hours. (3.2.4) Treatment of complex parts: Complex parts include the inside and outside corners of side walls, the perimeter of pipes passing through walls, and the vertical post-cast strips; an additional 500mm wide roll material layer (parameters as above) is added at the inside and outside corners, and the additional layer is laid by hot melt method; water-swellable waterstop strips (expansion ratio ≥300%) are first wrapped around the perimeter of pipes passing through walls, and then a 300mm wide roll material layer (centered on the pipe) is added, and polyurethane sealant is used to seal the gap between the additional layer and the pipe; a 240mm thick brick wall (strength grade MU10) is built on the outside of the vertical post-cast strip, and a 20mm thick 1:3 cement mortar leveling layer is applied to the inside of the brick wall, and the inside and outside corners of the leveling layer are made into a 50mm radius arc, and then a 500mm wide roll material additional layer is added; (3.2.5) Applying SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane: Apply the membrane from bottom to top using the hot melt method (parameters as above). When applying the membrane, use a rubber roller to press it horizontally to ensure that the membrane is tightly bonded to the substrate. The membrane should be laid 1.5m above the outdoor ground level. The top of the membrane should be fixed with a metal strip (strip thickness ≥ 1.5mm). The fixing spacing should be ≤ 300mm. The gaps at the ends should be sealed with sealant. (3.2.6) Construction of extruded polystyrene board protective layer: Use special adhesive to bond extruded polystyrene boards (parameters as above). When bonding, lay the boards from bottom to top with staggered joints. The width of the board joints should be ≤2mm. Seal the board joints with polyurethane sealant. After the polystyrene boards are bonded, fix them with plastic anchors with a diameter of 6mm. The anchor spacing should be ≤500mm and the anchor depth into the side wall base layer should be ≥50mm. (3.2.7) Dismantling of scaffolding: After the protective layer construction is completed and the adhesive is dry for ≥24 hours, the scaffolding shall be dismantled in accordance with the principle of "dismantling from top to bottom and in layers". Avoid collision with the polystyrene board protective layer during dismantling. The dismantled scaffolding materials shall be removed in a timely manner. (3.2.8) Compacting backfill soil: The backfill soil is 3:7 lime-soil (lime is quicklime and soil is silty clay). When backfilling, it is spread in layers with a layer thickness of ≤300mm. It is compacted with a frog-type rammer, and each layer is compacted ≥3 times. After compaction, the compaction coefficient is ≥0.95. The backfill height is up to the outdoor design ground level.

[0010] To better implement the method of this invention, the waterproofing design of the basement roof slab is further elaborated as follows: from top to bottom, the following layers are installed sequentially: HW polymer protective drainage / water-retaining irregularly shaped sheet, 4mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane layer, 1.5mm thick root-penetration resistant waterproof material layer, 20mm thick premixed DS cement mortar leveling layer, aerated concrete slope layer, and impermeable concrete base layer. The HW polymer protective drainage / water-retaining irregularly shaped sheet is made of high-density polyethylene, with a protrusion height of 8-10mm, a drainage capacity ≥1.5L / (s•m), an overlap width ≥100mm, and is connected by snap-fit. The 4mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane layer has the same parameters. The 1.5mm thick root-penetration resistant waterproof material is made of copper-based SBS modified bitumen, with root-penetration resistance conforming to GB50108-2008, heat resistance ≥110℃, and low-temperature flexibility. Temperature ≤ -25℃; In a 20mm thick premixed DS cement mortar leveling layer, the dosage of DS crack-resistant and waterproof additive is 2%-4% of the cement mass, the compressive strength of the cement mortar is ≥15MPa, and the surface flatness error is ≤3mm / 2m; For the aerated concrete slope layer, the aerated concrete particle size is 5-10mm, the compressive strength is ≥3MPa, the slope direction is towards the top slab drainage outlet, the thinnest thickness is 40mm, when the thickness exceeds 120mm, first lay dry aerated concrete (loose layer thickness 130-140mm), use a plate vibrator to compact it (compaction coefficient ≥0.9), and then pour a 50mm thick aerated concrete; The strength grade of the impermeable concrete base layer is C30, the impermeability grade is P8, and it is cured with a membrane for ≥14d, and the surface flatness error after curing is ≤5mm / 2m.

[0011] To better implement the method of the present invention, further, in step (3), the waterproofing construction process of the basement roof slab is as follows: (3.3.1) Construction of reinforced concrete self-waterproof roof slab: Pour impermeable concrete base layer (parameters as above), use vibrator to vibrate during pouring, vibration spacing ≤ 500mm to avoid missed vibration; after pouring, cover and cure for ≥ 14 days, after curing the base layer strength reaches 80% of the design strength, and the surface flatness error ≤ 5mm / 2m; (3.3.2) Construction of aerated concrete sloping layer: The sloping direction is towards the top slab drainage outlet, with a minimum thickness of 40mm; when the thickness is ≤120mm, directly pour aerated concrete (as per parameters) and compact it with a plate vibrator; when the thickness is >120mm, first loosely lay dry aerated concrete (loose laying thickness = design thickness × 1.1), compact it with a plate vibrator (the thickness after compaction meets the design requirements, and the compaction coefficient is ≥0.9), then pour a 50mm thick layer of aerated concrete, and cure it for ≥7 days after pouring; (3.3.3) Leveling layer construction: Soil-covered green roof: Pour a 20mm thick premixed DS cement mortar leveling layer on the slope-finding layer (parameters as above). Make the inside and outside corners of the leveling layer into an arc with a radius of 50mm. The arc surface is smooth and burr-free. After pouring, cover and cure for ≥7 days. After curing, the strength of the leveling layer is ≥15MPa and the moisture content is ≤9%. After passing the inspection, proceed to the next process. Permeable pavement roof: Pour a 50mm thick layer of aerated concrete blocks (parameters as above) on the slope-finding layer, cure for ≥7 days after pouring, and after curing, the surface flatness error is ≤5mm / 2m and the moisture content is ≤9%; (3.3.4) Waterproofing additional layer construction: Waterproofing additional layer shall be added at the inside and outside corners, around the drain outlet, and at the junction of the top slab and the side wall; at the inside and outside corners, a 500mm wide roll material additional layer (with parameters as above) shall be added and laid by hot melt method; around the drain outlet, a 300mm wide roll material additional layer (centered on the drain outlet) shall be added and sealed with polyurethane sealant between the additional layer and the drain outlet; at the junction of the top slab and the side wall, a 500mm wide roll material additional layer (extending 250mm to both the top slab and the side wall) shall be added and the overlap width between the additional layer and the waterproof layer of the side wall shall be ≥100mm; (3.3.5) Waterproofing layer construction: For soil-covered green roofs: First, lay a 1.5mm thick root-penetration resistant waterproof material (parameters as above), using the hot-melt method from bottom to top, with an overlap width ≥100mm; after the root-penetration resistant layer passes inspection, lay a 4mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane (parameters as above), using the same laying process as above, and perform a second baking and sealing at the overlap of the membrane. Permeable roofing: Directly lay 4mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane (parameters as above), laying process as above, and seal the overlap of the membrane with secondary baking; (3.3.6) Roll material termination treatment: A groove with a depth of 20mm and a width of 100mm is reserved on the parapet wall or side wall around the top slab. The roll material termination extends into the groove. The top of the roll material is fixed with a metal strip (the strip thickness is ≥1.5mm and the fixing spacing is ≤300mm). The groove is filled with polyurethane sealant (the drying time is ≤24h). The sealant is tightly bonded to the roll material and the groove wall, without bubbles or gaps. (3.3.7) Water tightness test: After the waterproof layer is completed, build a water-retaining sill (100mm high) on the top slab, fill it with clean water to a depth of 50mm, and conduct a 24-hour water tightness test; during the test, observe the bottom of the top slab. If there is no leakage or wet stains, it is considered qualified. If it is unqualified, it needs to be repaired and the test needs to be repeated. (3.3.8) Construction of protective layer: For planted roofs covered with soil: After passing the water tightness test, lay HW polymer protective drainage / water-retaining irregular-shaped sheets (parameters as above). The irregular-shaped sheets are connected by snap-fit, with an overlap width ≥100mm. A geotextile filter layer (material: polyester filament, unit area mass ≥200g / ㎡, permeability coefficient ≥1×10⁻⁶) is then laid on top of the irregular-shaped sheets.-3 (cm / s), geotextile overlap width ≥150mm, using sewing connection; Permeable paving roof: After passing the water tightness test, lay a 100mm thick layer of graded crushed stone (particle size 5-31.5mm), and compact it using a plate vibrator; lay a 250mm thick layer of graded cement-stabilized crushed stone (cement content 5%, 7-day unconfined compressive strength ≥3MPa) on top of the crushed stone layer, compact it, and cure it for ≥7 days; lay a 30mm thick layer of premixed 1:6 dry hard cement mortar (moisture content 12%-15%) on top of the cement-stabilized crushed stone layer, and level it using a screed; finally, lay a 100mm thick layer of permeable paving bricks (permeability coefficient ≥1×10⁻⁶). - 3 (cm / s), leave a 5mm wide gap between the paving bricks, fill the gap with coarse sand (2-5mm particle size), and after filling, sprinkle water to seal the gap, ensuring that the coarse sand is compacted; (3.3.9) Subsequent construction: Soil-covered green roof: After the protective layer passes inspection, planting and backfilling should be carried out, with a soil thickness of ≥300mm. The soil used for backfilling should be planting soil (organic matter content ≥3%). Avoid mechanical compaction of the protective layer during backfilling. Permeable paved roof: After the paving bricks are installed, they should be cured for ≥3 days. During the curing period, vehicles are prohibited from passing through.

[0012] To better implement the method of this invention, it further includes enhanced waterproofing treatment for two special areas: the post-cast strips of the basement floor slab, basement side walls, and basement roof slab, and the through-wall pipes of the basement side walls and basement roof slab. For the post-cast strips of the basement floor slab, basement side walls, and basement roof slab, a 3mm thick and 300mm wide continuous steel plate waterstop is pre-embedded along the length of the post-cast strip (the center line of the waterstop coincides with the center line of the post-cast strip, and the bending angle of both ends of the steel plate waterstop is 135°). The waterstop is welded and fixed to the concrete base, and the welding point spacing is ≤300mm. After the base on both sides of the post-cast strip is leveled, an additional 4mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane with a width of 500mm (extending 250mm to each side of the post-cast strip) is added. The additional layer is fully adhered using the hot-melt method. Before the post-cast strip concrete is poured, the upper edge of the post-cast strip is sealed with 120mm thick brick masonry. A 20mm thick 1:3 cement mortar leveling layer is applied to the inside of the brick masonry. The inside and outside corners of the leveling layer are made into a 50mm radius arc. A small sump of 500mm×500mm×300mm is set every 30m at the post-cast strip location for drainage and moisture prevention. For all through-wall pipes (including through-wall bolts, formwork top rods, and equipment sleeves) in the basement sidewalls and basement ceiling, a 3mm thick water-stop ring must be welded (the ring diameter is 100mm larger than the pipe outer diameter, and the ring is perpendicular to the pipe axis). The gap between the through-wall pipe and the sleeve should be filled tightly with hemp (filling depth ≥ 50mm), and polyurethane sealant should be embedded on the outside of the hemp (drying time ≤ 24h, tensile strength ≥ 1.5MPa). After leveling the base layer around the pipe, a 300mm wide (symmetrically distributed around the pipe) 4mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane additional layer should be applied. The additional layer should adopt a combination of "circular + long strip" (the diameter of the circular additional layer is the pipe outer diameter + 300mm, cut into 16 equal parts along the pipe circumference and then attached; the length of the long strip additional layer is the pipe outer diameter circumference + 100mm, cut every 50mm and then wrapped around the pipe). After the additional layer is laid, the large-area waterproof layer should be constructed, and the junction between the pipe and the waterproof layer should be sealed a second time with polyurethane sealant.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: (1) The present invention divides the basement into three independent structures: the bottom slab, the side walls and the top slab. A composite waterproof layer is customized for each part according to the stress and waterproofing conditions, so as to achieve precise protection of the basement. (2) This invention precisely defines the core parameters and construction process of all waterproof materials to ensure that the material performance meets the standards and the process is highly adaptable, thus avoiding the randomness of on-site construction; (3) This invention provides a triple protection system of rigid water stop, flexible additional layer and sealing protection for high-frequency leakage points such as post-pouring strips and through-wall pipes, which completely solves the leakage problem in special parts; (4) This invention clarifies the preconditions and acceptance standards for the construction of each structure, forming a control system with orderly process connection and traceable quality. Through four major innovations, namely structural zoning, material quantification, special part reinforcement and construction control, it significantly improves the reliability, adaptability and durability of basement waterproofing. It can be widely used in basement waterproofing projects of various buildings such as schools, residences and commercial buildings, and has extremely high engineering practical value and promotion significance. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the waterproofing joint treatment at the internal and external corners of the basement floor slab in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the corner joint treatment of the basement floor slab in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the basement foundation pad and the protective brick wall of the exterior wall in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the waterproofing treatment of the elevator shaft foundation pit and sump pit in the basement floor slab of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the waterproofing treatment of the post-cast strip of the basement floor concrete slab in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the waterproofing treatment at the junction of the base plate construction area and the post-construction area in this invention. Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of the waterproofing joint treatment of the internal and external corners of the basement side wall in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure for the corner joint treatment of the basement sidewall in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the waterproofing structure at the pipe penetration point in the basement side wall of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the circular additional layer for pipe penetration through the basement side wall in this invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the long strip-shaped additional layer for pipe penetration through the basement side wall in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0016] Example 1: This embodiment provides (1) dividing the basement into three independent structures according to the stress and waterproofing requirements: basement floor slab, basement side walls, and basement roof slab. The basement floor slab is a horizontal load-bearing structure that is in direct contact with the foundation. The basement side walls are vertical enclosure structures with a height not lower than 1.2m above the outdoor ground level. The basement roof slab is a horizontal load-bearing and protective structure located at the top of the basement. (2) For the three independent structures of the basement floor slab, basement side walls and basement roof slab, respectively, design corresponding composite waterproof layers; (3) After the concrete of the main structure of the basement has been cured to the design strength, the basement floor slab waterproofing construction shall be carried out first according to the design composite waterproofing layer. After the floor slab waterproofing layer is accepted and the protective layer strength reaches the design strength, the basement side wall waterproofing construction shall be carried out. After the side wall waterproofing layer is accepted and the protective layer construction is completed, the basement roof slab waterproofing construction shall be carried out last. After the construction of each structural waterproofing layer, a 24-hour water tightness test shall be carried out. The test qualification standard is no leakage and no damp stains.

[0017] Example 2: This embodiment, based on the above embodiments, further provides a waterproofing construction process for basement floor slabs, as detailed below: 1. Construction process flow Base layer construction → Cleaning the base layer → Applying cold primer → Special area treatment → Acceptance → Laying 4mm thick waterproof membrane + joint reinforcement treatment → Acceptance → Waterproof membrane protective layer construction → Acceptance → Next process construction.

[0018] 2. Base course construction (1) After the foundation cushion concrete is poured, mechanical troweling should be used to finish the surface before the concrete sets. Uneven areas should be leveled with 1:2 cement mortar. The leveling quality should meet the requirements of GB50208-2011 "Code for Acceptance of Waterproofing Works for Basements". Additionally, 50mm and 10mm radii (R-angles) should be rounded and smoothed at the internal and external corners respectively.

[0019] (2) For all internal and external corners of sump pits, foundation pits, elevator pits, etc., the leveling layer should be rounded at all internal and external corners. The base layer should be dry. The base layer for laying the waterproof layer must be constructed according to the design requirements and dried after curing. The normal construction temperature range for the roll waterproof layer is +5~+35℃; the construction temperature for cold bonding should not be lower than +5℃; for the sake of progress, when the base surface is damp in rainy weather, a wet-curing adhesive or a moisture-proofing agent should be applied.

[0020] 3. Apply a cold base coat. When applying the primer (base coat), use a squeegee or bristle brush. Use a small amount of oil and apply it evenly and thinly, but without leaving any gaps. It must be uniform and consistent, without any white spots. Do not apply repeatedly. The next step can only be carried out after the supervisor has approved it.

[0021] 4. Treatment of special areas (1) Additional layer treatment of inside and outside corners and corners This project uses a hot-melt method for flexible waterproofing membrane installation. Before applying the waterproofing layer, SBS waterproofing membrane should be applied to the corners using the hot-melt adhesive method according to the construction requirements. Apply the membrane to the flat surfaces first, then the vertical surfaces. First, apply an additional layer to all corners and turns, extending 250mm on each side of the corner. (This work should be completed before applying the main waterproofing layer). See below. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown.

[0022] (2) Construct a protective brick wall (brick formwork) between the foundation pad and the outer wall edge. Waterproofing treatment at the joint: After the pad has been poured and reached a strength of 1.2 MPa, construct a 240mm thick protective brick wall (brick formwork) along the outer wall edge on the pad. Apply a 20mm thick 1:3 cement mortar leveling layer on the brick formwork. Apply an additional waterproofing layer at the inside and outside corners of the brick formwork and the foundation pad. When waterproofing the surface of the brick formwork, leave a 200-300mm gap at the top edge where it cannot be laid, and take appropriate protective measures (such as laying a brick) to facilitate joint treatment during the subsequent construction of the basement exterior wall waterproofing layer. Figure 3 As shown.

[0023] (3) Waterproofing treatment of elevator shaft pit and sump: Before the waterproofing construction of the elevator shaft pit, additional waterproofing layers should be applied to all inside and outside corners of the pit, with a width of 250mm on both sides centered on the inside and outside corners. The additional waterproofing layer at the intersection of inside and outside corners should be free of curling edges and hollow areas. Then, the main waterproofing layer of the elevator shaft pit should be applied, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0024] (4) Waterproofing treatment of independent column foundations and foundations: The waterproofing reinforcement layer of the foundation pit is the same as that of the elevator pit. After the waterproofing reinforcement layer of the inside and outside corners of the column foundation pit is completed, a large-area waterproofing layer is applied from the inside of the column foundation and foundation pit outward.

[0025] (5) Waterproofing treatment of post-cast strips in concrete base slab The concrete for the post-cast strip should be poured two months later on a cool day. Therefore, small sump pits (500×500×300 mm) can be dug every 30 meters at the post-cast strip location for easy pumping later. Before the post-cast strip concrete is poured, the top must be sealed to prevent damage to the waterproofing layer. Figure 5 As shown.

[0026] (6) Waterproofing treatment at the junction of the base slab construction area and the subsequent construction area At a distance of 1000mm from the boundary between the construction area and the subsequent construction area, first construct a 150mm high, 120mm thick brick wall. Waterproofing should extend up to the 120mm thick wall, leaving a 500mm gap for the waterproof membrane to be laid. After the waterproof protective layer is completed and reaches its strength, roll the waterproof membrane back towards the direction of the protective layer and cover it with formwork for added protection. Figure 6 As shown.

[0027] 5. Large-area application of 4mm thick SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane (1) After the cold primer and additional layer are applied and the supervising inspector approves them, the SBS modified bitumen membrane is laid using the hot melt method. When bonding the end of the membrane, the whole roll is placed at the starting end of the laying, aligned with the chalk line marked on the base layer, and the membrane is spread about 1m. One person holds the membrane while another person uses a blowtorch flame to heat the bottom surface of the membrane and the base layer at the junction of the membrane and the base layer. When the adhesive on the bottom surface of the membrane is molten, it is laid. Then, one person uses a hand roller to vent and compact the membrane. After the starting end of the large-area membrane is firmly bonded, the person holding the flame gun should stand in front of the roller and ignite the flame gun at the angle (30°) between the membrane and the base layer. The flame gun should be 0.3m to 0.5m away from the membrane and the heated part of the base layer. During construction, the flame gun is moved back and forth to heat the membrane until the adhesive layer on the bottom surface of the membrane is black and shiny. Then, the membrane is pushed and laid. The next person performs the venting and compaction work.

[0028] (2) The nozzle of the flame heater should be at an appropriate distance from the surface of the roll material; heating should be uniform and consistent within the width of the roll material, and the roll material should be heated until it is glossy black. Insufficient melting will affect the bonding strength; excessive heating will cause the modified asphalt to age and char, which will not only lose its bonding strength, but also easily burn through the roll material.

[0029] (3) After the surface of the roll material is hot-melted, it should be rolled immediately. The roll material should be laid flat and straight, with accurate overlap dimensions, and should not be twisted. When rolling, the air under the roll material should be removed to make it flat and wrinkle-free. It should be rolled and bonded firmly.

[0030] (4) The amount of modified asphalt hot melt adhesive that overflows at the lap joint should be sufficient, and the joint should be immediately sealed to ensure that the joint is tightly and firmly bonded.

[0031] (5) When using the full-coverage method, the long side overlap of each roll should not be less than 100mm, and the short side overlap should not be less than 150mm. The edges of the upper and lower layers of roll should be offset by 1 / 3 of the roll width, i.e., 30~50cm. The joints of the upper and lower layers and adjacent rolls should be staggered by 30~50cm.

[0032] When laying modified bitumen SBS waterproof membrane on the vertical or sloping surfaces of elevator shaft pits and sump pits, the primer must be applied evenly and consistently to prevent the membrane from slipping and to facilitate bonding at the ends. Short edge overlaps of the membrane should also be minimized.

[0033] (6) Inspection and acceptance After the roll waterproofing layer is installed, it should be carefully inspected, especially the joints. Then, the project quality inspector and technicians should verify it, and finally, it should be submitted to the supervising engineer for acceptance before proceeding to the next step.

[0034] 6. Construction of the protective layer for waterproof membrane According to the design requirements, after the waterproof membrane is laid, a fine stone concrete protective layer is poured on top of it. The thickness of the fine stone concrete protective layer on the basement floor is 50mm. A 50mm thick extruded polystyrene board protective layer is pasted on the basement side walls. The basement roof is protected by laying HW polymer protective drainage (storage) shaped sheets (HW-PED8) and geotextile filter layer.

[0035] Example 3: Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides a waterproofing construction process for basement side walls, as detailed below: 1. Construction process flow Basement exterior wall fastener-type steel pipe scaffolding (double row) erection → exterior wall surface base treatment (and acceptance) → application of cold primer → treatment of complex parts (additional layer) → acceptance → SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane bonding → scaffold dismantling → construction of extruded polystyrene foam insulation board protective layer and insulation layer → backfilling and compaction.

[0036] 2. Erection of double-row coupler-type steel pipe external scaffolding system During the waterproofing construction of the basement exterior walls, a double-row, coupler-type steel pipe scaffolding system was used. The step height was 1.5m, the longitudinal spacing of the uprights was 1.2m, the transverse spacing was 0.9m, and the inner row of uprights was 0.3m from the wall. Each layer of scaffolding was fully covered with wooden planks, serving as a work platform and personnel walkway. The planks were securely tied to the steel pipe scaffolding system with wire.

[0037] 3. Basement exterior wall surface treatment During the construction of the basement exterior walls of this project, the verticality, flatness, and squareness of the exterior wall surfaces must be ensured. Figure 8 As shown. When preparing the wall surface, grind the joints of the template smooth with an angle grinder. For through-wall water-stop bolts, remove the 50×50mm template block with a 30mm depth after removing the plug. After cutting off the bolt, apply anti-rust paint to the bolt head. The remaining cylindrical holes can be filled with 1:2 cement mortar. If the wall surface has minor unevenness or pitting, roughen the surface first, moisten it with water, and then apply 1:3 cement mortar. The finished wall surface should be flush with the original wall surface. The upper surface of the cantilevered foundation slab should also be leveled with 1:3 cement mortar. All internal and external corners of the exterior wall should be rounded with cement mortar to a radius of not less than 50mm and smoothed.

[0038] 4. Apply primer Before construction, remove any sharp objects from the base wall surface. Protruding parts should be leveled, and there should be no defects such as sand or peeling. If there is sand, dust, or oil, it should be thoroughly cleaned to ensure the base is firm and clean. Its verticality and flatness must meet requirements, and the moisture content of the base must not exceed 9%. The next step can only proceed after the supervisor's acceptance. Applying the primer: The primer should have the same material properties as the roll material and should be applied by brushing. The primer should be applied evenly and consistently, without any missed spots or exposed areas. The thinner the better, but there should be no gaps. It must be applied evenly and consistently, without any exposed areas, and repeated brushing should be avoided. The primer must be allowed to air for 24 hours before the supervisor's acceptance before the roll material can be applied.

[0039] 5. Applying additional layers to roll materials The exterior wall membrane was applied from bottom to top using a "hot-adhesive" method for full adhesion. The construction procedure is as follows: (I) Apply one coat of primer to the treated wall surface. Before officially laying the roofing membrane, add an additional layer of roofing membrane at the rounded corners (inside and outside corners). The width of the additional roofing membrane is 500mm. Lay a 500mm wide additional layer at the inside and outside corners of the wall top as an additional layer for the ceiling, overlapping with the roofing membrane. Cover with bricks for protection during normal times.

[0040] (2) Peel the pre-cast roll material from the temporary brick formwork wall protective wall on the outside of the foundation slab, remove the surface dust and dirt, and do not damage the roll material. If there is any local damage, repair it in time. Firmly stick the peeled roll material to the cement mortar leveling layer of the foundation slab.

[0041] 6. Waterproofing construction of reinforced layers in special structural parts (1) Additional layer treatment at inside and outside corners: The flexible waterproof membrane in this project is constructed using the hot-melt method, such as... Figure 7 As shown, before the waterproofing layer is applied, modified bitumen SBS waterproofing membrane should be laid and adhered at the inside and outside corners according to the construction requirements. First, an additional layer should be fully laid at the inside and outside corners, with a width of 250mm on both sides centered on the inside and outside corners (this work should be completed before laying the large-area waterproofing).

[0042] (2) Construction of post-concrete strip The concrete for the post-cast strip should be poured two months later on a day with low temperatures. Therefore, a 240mm brick wall should be built on the outside of the vertical post-cast strip on the exterior wall at the post-cast strip location. The outside of the brick wall should be plastered with 1:3 cement mortar, and the inside and outside corners should be rounded. After the additional waterproof layer is completed, normal waterproofing, waterproof protective layer and earthwork backfilling construction can be carried out.

[0043] (3) Waterproofing methods at pipe penetration points All through-wall bolts, formwork top rods, and through-wall sleeves must be fitted with water-stop rings, and the gaps between the through-wall pipes and sleeves must be tightly filled with hemp fiber. Figure 9As shown.

[0044] The structure of the circular additional layer is as follows: Figure 10 As shown, the structure of the elongated additional layer is as follows: Figure 11 As shown.

[0045] 7. Large-area application of 4mm thick modified bitumen SBS waterproof membrane (1) The operation process of waterproof membrane on wall facade is the same as that of large-area laying of foundation slab, and will not be described again.

[0046] (2) When applying waterproofing layers to large areas of walls, the application should proceed from bottom to top and be perpendicular to the wall surface. When applying the membrane where the horizontal and vertical surfaces meet (at the base slab), the horizontal surface should be applied first, followed by the vertical surface from bottom to top, with overlapping joints at the junctions. The membrane surface should be laid flat and straight, with accurate overlap dimensions, and should not be twisted. When rolling, air should be removed from under the membrane to ensure it is flat, without wrinkles or hollow areas. The membrane should be tightly adhered at inside and outside corners and rolled to ensure firm bonding.

[0047] (3) The overlap of the joint should be such that the modified bitumen hot melt adhesive overflows. The overlap width of the roll material is 150mm, and the joint should be immediately sealed to ensure that the joint is tightly and firmly bonded.

[0048] (4) The facade of this project adopts the full-coverage method. The joints of the roll material must be sealed tightly. (5) Inspection and acceptance should adhere to the process control system of inspection at each stage. After the roll waterproofing layer is completed, it should be carefully inspected, especially the joints. After the laying is completed, the construction team will conduct a self-inspection, then the project quality inspector and technicians will verify it, and finally it will be reported to the supervising engineer for acceptance before the next construction process can be carried out.

[0049] (6) Construction of extruded polystyrene board protective layer and insulation layer After the waterproof membrane construction is completed and passes inspection, the protective layer should be constructed immediately. According to design requirements, the waterproof layer on the basement side walls uses extruded polystyrene board as both a protective layer and insulation. The protective layer should be tightly adhered to the waterproof layer. During masonry construction, the verticality and flatness of the wall should be ensured, and backfilling should be carried out as soon as possible after the wall construction is completed.

[0050] (7) Backfilling Due to the tight schedule, a 3:7 lime-soil mixture was used for backfilling the basement exterior walls. This ensured both the timely completion of the project and the compaction of the backfill soil.

[0051] Example 4: This embodiment, based on the above embodiments, further provides a waterproofing construction process for basement roof slabs, as detailed below: (1) For the construction of reinforced concrete self-waterproof roof slab, the minimum thickness is 40mm thick aerated concrete block with a 2% slope. When the thickness exceeds 120mm, first lay dry aerated concrete blocks, vibrate and compact them, and then cover with 50mm thick aerated concrete block. For the basement roof slab covered with soil and planted roof, the next step is to directly apply a 20mm thick DS mortar leveling layer on the roof slab, and round the inside and outside corners. After the strength is reached and the acceptance is completed, then apply root penetration resistant waterproof material and 4.0mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof material on top. For the permeable pavement basement roof slab, after covering it with 50mm thick aerated concrete blocks, a 4.0mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane is laid directly on top. Then, a 100mm thick layer of graded crushed stone, a 250mm thick layer of graded cement-stabilized crushed stone, and a 30mm thick layer of premixed 1:6000 hard cement mortar are applied. Finally, a 100mm thick layer of permeable paving bricks is added, and coarse sand is used to fill the joints, which are then sealed with water. After completing the waterproof reinforcement layer at the inside and outside corners, a large-area waterproof layer is applied, using the same method as the foundation slab. (2) For the groove where the roll material is properly finished, the waterproof layer should be laid along the groove and sealed. (3) The waterproof layer of the basement roof slab is made of root-penetration resistant waterproof material and 4.0mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane; (4) After the leveling layer is dry and passes the acceptance test, the waterproof additional layer is constructed. The construction of the additional layer is the same as that of the foundation slab. Then, the waterproof membrane is laid in a large area. The process is the same as that of the foundation slab. After the construction is completed, the construction team conducts a self-inspection and then conducts a 24-hour water tightness test as required. After passing the test, the next process is carried out. (5) After the waterproof membrane construction is completed and the acceptance is qualified, the HW polymer protective drain / water storage special-shaped sheet and geotextile filter layer shall be laid, and the requirements shall be the same as those for the foundation slab. Planting and backfilling construction can only be carried out after the polymer protective drain / water storage special-shaped sheet and geotextile filter layer have been laid and accepted.

[0052] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for waterproofing a basement, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) The basement is divided into three independent structures according to the stress and waterproofing requirements: the basement floor slab, the basement side walls, and the basement roof slab. The basement floor slab is a horizontal load-bearing structure that is in direct contact with the foundation. The basement side walls are vertical enclosure structures with a height not less than 1.2m above the outdoor ground level. The basement roof slab is a horizontal load-bearing and protective structure located at the top of the basement. (2) For the three independent structures of the basement floor slab, basement side walls and basement roof slab, respectively, design corresponding composite waterproof layers; (3) After the concrete of the main structure of the basement has been cured to the design strength, the basement floor slab waterproofing construction shall be carried out first according to the design composite waterproofing layer. After the floor slab waterproofing layer is accepted and the protective layer strength reaches the design strength, the basement side wall waterproofing construction shall be carried out. After the side wall waterproofing layer is accepted and the protective layer construction is completed, the basement roof slab waterproofing construction shall be carried out last. After the construction of each structural waterproofing layer, a 24-hour water tightness test shall be carried out. The test qualification standard is no leakage and no damp stains.

2. The basement waterproofing construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the composite waterproof layer of the basement floor slab consists of, from top to bottom, a C20 fine stone concrete protective layer, a paper-based asphalt felt isolation layer, an elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane layer, a premixed DTA cement mortar leveling layer, and an impermeable concrete base layer. Among them, the C20 fine stone concrete protective layer has a permeability grade of P6, the maximum aggregate size is ≤15mm, and it is compacted by mechanical vibration. The thickness of the paper-based asphalt felt isolation layer is 3-5mm, and the overlap width during installation is ≥100mm. The overlap is sealed with asphalt adhesive. The elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane is made of SBS modified bitumen with polyester felt as the base material. It has a thickness of 4mm, a tensile strength of ≥800N / 50mm, an elongation at break of ≥40%, a low-temperature bending temperature of ≤-25℃, and is laid using the hot-melt method. The long side overlap width of the membrane is ≥100mm, and the short side overlap width is ≥150mm. In the premixed DTA cement mortar leveling layer, the dosage of DTA retarding waterproof additive is 3%-5% of the cement mass, the compressive strength of the cement mortar is ≥15MPa, the surface flatness error of the leveling layer is ≤3mm / 2m, and the internal and external corners are made into arcs with a radius of 50mm and a thickness of 20mm. The impermeability grade of the impermeable concrete base is P6, the strength grade is C30, and it is poured in layers with a layer thickness of ≤500mm. The compaction degree of vibration meets the requirement of concrete density ≥98%.

3. A basement waterproofing construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that... In step (3), the waterproofing construction process of the basement floor slab is as follows: (3.1.1) Pour impermeable concrete base layer, and cover and cure for ≥7 days after pouring. After curing, inspect the base layer surface, remove surface laitance and protrusions, and repair honeycomb pits with 1:2 cement mortar. After repair, the flatness error of the base layer surface should be ≤5mm / 2m, and the moisture content of the base layer should be ≤9%. (3.1.2) Use a high-pressure blower to remove dust and debris from the base surface, and use acetone to wipe away oil stains to ensure that the base is free of debris and oil stains; (3.1.3) Apply the cold primer evenly with a brown brush. The thickness of the coating should be ≤0.5mm. There should be no white spots or drips. Allow it to air dry naturally for ≥4 hours. After drying, the surface of the base layer should not be sticky to the touch. (3.1.4) Special treatment shall be carried out, including the inside and outside corners, the perimeter of the sump pit, the perimeter of the elevator shaft foundation pit and the post-cast strip; An additional 500mm wide and 4mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane layer is added at the inside and outside corners. The additional layer is laid by hot melt method, and the overlap width is ≥100mm. Two additional layers are added around the sump pit and elevator shaft foundation pit. The first layer is a 500mm wide roll material additional layer, and the second layer is a 1.5mm thick polyurethane waterproof coating additional layer. First, lay a 300mm wide roll of additional material at the post-pouring strip, then set a 3mm thick and 300mm wide waterstop steel plate along the length of the post-pouring strip, and weld the waterstop steel plate to the base layer. (3.1.5) Use hot melt method to lay 4mm thick waterproof membrane. When laying, push from one end of the base plate to the other end. After the membrane is laid, use a rubber pressure roller to vent and compact it to ensure that the membrane is free of air bubbles and wrinkles. After laying, check the integrity of the membrane. Repair any damaged areas with a patch of the same material. The patch area should be 100mm×100mm larger than the damaged area. (3.1.6) The joint of the roll material shall be baked twice by hot melt method to make the modified bitumen overflow at the joint, with an overflow width of ≥5mm. After cooling, the edge of the joint shall be sealed with sealant with a sealing width of ≥10mm. (3.1.7) Pour a 50mm thick C20 fine aggregate concrete protective layer. Use a plate vibrator to compact the concrete during pouring, and avoid direct contact between the vibrator and the waterproof membrane. After the protective layer is poured, cover it with a membrane and cure for ≥7 days. After curing, the strength of the protective layer should reach 70% of the design strength. (3.1.8) After the composite waterproof layer passes the acceptance test, the upper structure of the basement floor slab shall be constructed. Before construction, a plastic film isolation layer shall be laid on the surface of the composite waterproof layer to avoid damage to the protective layer during the upper construction.

4. A basement waterproofing construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, In step (2), the waterproofing design of the basement side wall consists of, from the inside out, a waterproof concrete base layer, a premixed DTA cement mortar leveling layer, a base treatment agent layer, a cold base oil layer, an elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane layer, and an extruded polystyrene board protective layer. The strength grade of the impermeable concrete base layer is C30, the impermeability grade is P8, and the slip-form construction is adopted. The surface flatness error is ≤4mm / 2m. The thickness of the premixed DTA cement mortar leveling layer is 20mm. During the construction of the leveling layer, the through bolt holes of the side wall are sealed with 1:2 cement mortar, with a sealing depth of ≥50mm. After sealing, the surface is flush with the leveling layer. The base treatment agent is a water-emulsion type asphalt material with a solid content of ≥60%, a coating thickness of 0.3-0.5mm, and should be allowed to dry for ≥2 hours after application. The combined thickness of the cold-applied base coat and the substrate treatment agent layer is ≤1mm; The thickness of the elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane layer is 4mm. When laying the membrane, the longitudinal overlap width is ≥100mm and the transverse overlap width is ≥150mm. The protective layer of the extruded polystyrene board is 50mm thick, with a thermal conductivity of ≤0.03W / (m•K). It is bonded with a special adhesive, and the adhesive coverage area is ≥80%. The joints between polystyrene boards are sealed with polyurethane sealant with a sealing width of ≥10mm.

5. A basement waterproofing construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step (3), the waterproofing construction process of the basement sidewalls is as follows: (3.2.1) Erecting double-row coupler-type steel pipe scaffolding: The longitudinal spacing of the scaffolding uprights is 1.2m, the transverse spacing is 0.9m, the step distance is 1.5m, the distance between the inner row of uprights and the side wall is 0.3m, the bottom of the scaffolding uprights is set with 50mm thick wooden board pads, and the scaffolding horizontal bars are connected to the uprights with right-angle couplers; the scaffolding is fully covered with wooden footboards, the footboards are made of 18mm thick pine wood, the overlap width between footboards is ≥100mm, and the footboards are tied and fixed to the scaffolding with iron wire; (3.2.2) Use an angle grinder to grind the template joints on the side wall surface; remove the plugs of the through bolts, apply anti-rust paint after the bolts are cut off, and seal the bolt holes with 1:2 cement mortar; repair the pitted surface of the side wall with 1:3 cement mortar, and after repair, the moisture content of the base layer is ≤9%. After acceptance, proceed to the next process. (3.2.3) First apply the base treatment agent, let it dry, then apply the cold primer. Apply the primer evenly from top to bottom to avoid dripping, and let it dry. (3.2.4) Perform treatment on complex parts, including the inside and outside corners of side walls, the area around through-wall pipes, and the vertical post-cast strips; An additional 500mm wide roll of material is added at the inside and outside corners, and the additional layer is laid using the hot-melt method; First, wrap water-swellable sealing strips around the pipe that passes through the wall, then add a 300mm wide roll of additional material, and seal the gap between the additional layer and the pipe with polyurethane sealant. A 240mm thick brick wall is built on the outside of the vertical post-pouring strip. A 20mm thick 1:3 cement mortar leveling layer is applied to the inside of the brick wall. The inside and outside corners of the leveling layer are rounded with a radius of 50mm. A 500mm wide roll material additional layer is then added. (3.2.5) The SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane shall be laid from bottom to top using the hot melt method. When laying, the membrane shall be compacted horizontally with a rubber roller to ensure that the membrane is tightly bonded to the base layer. The membrane shall be laid 1.5m above the outdoor ground level. The top end of the membrane shall be fixed with a metal strip with a fixing spacing of ≤300mm. The gap at the end shall be sealed with sealant. (3.2.6) Use special adhesive to bond extruded polystyrene boards. When bonding, lay the boards from bottom to top with staggered joints. The width of the board joints should be ≤2mm. Seal the board joints with polyurethane sealant. After the polystyrene boards are bonded, fix them with plastic anchors with a diameter of 6mm. The anchor spacing should be ≤500mm and the anchor depth into the side wall base should be ≥50mm. (3.2.7) After the composite waterproof layer is completed and the adhesive is fully dry for ≥24 hours, the scaffolding shall be dismantled in a top-down, layer-by-layer manner. During dismantling, avoid collisions with the polystyrene board protective layer. The dismantled scaffolding materials shall be promptly removed. (3.2.8) The backfill soil is 3:7 lime-soil, where the lime is quicklime and the soil is silty clay. The backfill is spread in layers with a layer thickness of ≤300mm. The layers are compacted with a frog-type rammer, and each layer is compacted ≥3 times. The compaction coefficient after compaction is ≥0.

95. The backfill height is up to the outdoor design ground level.

6. A method for waterproofing a basement according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The waterproofing design of the basement roof slab consists of, from top to bottom, HW polymer protective drainage and water-retaining irregular-shaped sheet, elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane layer, root penetration resistant waterproof material layer, premixed DS cement mortar leveling layer, aerated concrete slope layer, and impermeable concrete base layer. Among them, the HW polymer protective drainage and water storage irregular sheet is made of high-density polyethylene, with a protrusion height of 8-10mm, a drainage capacity of ≥1.5L / (s•m), an overlap width of ≥100mm, and a snap-fit ​​connection. The thickness of the elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane layer is 4mm; The root-penetration resistant waterproof material is made of copper-based SBS modified bitumen, with a thickness of 1.5mm, heat resistance ≥110℃, and low-temperature flexibility ≤-25℃. In the premixed DS cement mortar leveling layer, the dosage of DS crack-resistant and waterproof additive is 2%-4% of the cement mass, the compressive strength of cement mortar is ≥15MPa, the surface flatness error is ≤3mm / 2m, and the thickness is 20mm. The aerated concrete sloping layer has an aerated concrete particle size of 5-10mm, and the sloping direction is towards the top slab drainage outlet. The thinnest part is 40mm thick. When the thickness exceeds 120mm, first lay dry aerated concrete, use a plate vibrator to compact it, and then pour 50mm thick aerated concrete. The strength grade of the impermeable concrete base layer is C30, the impermeability grade is P8, and it is cured with a membrane for ≥14 days. After curing, the surface flatness error is ≤5mm / 2m.

7. A basement waterproofing construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (3), the waterproofing construction process for the basement roof slab is as follows: (3.3.1) Pour impermeable concrete base course. Use a vibrator to compact the concrete during pouring, with a vibration interval of ≤500mm to avoid missed vibration. After pouring, cover and cure for ≥14 days. After curing, the base course strength should reach 80% of the design strength. (3.3.2) The slope direction is towards the top slab drainage outlet, with a minimum thickness of 40mm; when the thickness is ≤120mm, directly pour aerated concrete blocks and compact them with a plate vibrator; when the thickness is >120mm, first loosely lay dry aerated concrete blocks, compact them with a plate vibrator, and then pour a 50mm thick layer of aerated concrete blocks. After pouring, cure for ≥7 days. (3.3.3) Pour a 20mm thick premixed DS cement mortar leveling layer on the slope-finding layer. Make the inside and outside corners of the leveling layer into arcs with a radius of 50mm. The arc surface is smooth and burr-free. After pouring, cover and cure for ≥7 days. After curing, the strength of the leveling layer is ≥15MPa and the moisture content is ≤9%. After acceptance, pour a 50mm thick aerated concrete block on the slope-finding layer. After pouring, cure for ≥7 days and the moisture content is ≤9%. (3.3.4) Add an additional waterproof layer at the internal and external corners, around the drainage outlets, and at the junction of the top slab and the side walls; add a 500mm wide roll material at the internal and external corners, and apply it using the hot-melt method; add a 300mm wide roll material around the drainage outlets, and seal the gap between the additional layer and the drainage outlet with polyurethane sealant; add a 500mm wide roll material at the junction of the top slab and the side walls, and the overlap width between the additional layer and the waterproof layer of the side walls shall be ≥100mm. (3.3.5) First, lay a 1.5mm thick root-penetration resistant waterproof material, using the hot-melt method from bottom to top, with an overlap width ≥100mm; after the root-penetration resistant layer passes inspection, lay a 4mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane, using the same laying process as above, and perform a second baking and sealing at the membrane overlap; or directly lay a 4mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane, using the same laying process as above, and perform a second baking and sealing at the membrane overlap. (3.3.6) A groove with a depth of 20mm and a width of 100mm is reserved on the parapet wall or side wall around the top slab. The end of the roll material extends into the groove. The top of the roll material is fixed with a metal strip. The groove is filled with polyurethane sealant. The sealant is tightly bonded to the roll material and the groove wall without bubbles or gaps. (3.3.7) After the composite waterproof layer is completed, a water-retaining sill is built on the top slab, and clean water is poured in to a depth of 50mm for a 24-hour water tightness test. During the test, the bottom of the top slab is observed. If there is no leakage or wet stains, it is considered qualified. If the area that fails to meet the requirements is repaired, the test must be repeated. (3.3.8) After the water tightness test is passed, HW polymer protective drainage and water storage irregular-shaped sheets are laid. The irregular-shaped sheets are connected by snaps, and the overlap width is ≥100mm. A geotextile filter layer is laid on the irregularly shaped sheet, with an overlap width of ≥150mm, and connected by stitching. Next, a 100mm thick layer of graded crushed stone is laid and compacted using a plate vibrator. A 250mm thick layer of graded cement-stabilized crushed stone is laid on top of the crushed stone layer, compacted, and cured for ≥7 days. A 30mm thick layer of premixed 1:6000 hard cement mortar is laid on top of the cement-stabilized crushed stone layer and leveled using a screed. Finally, a 100mm thick layer of permeable paving bricks is laid, with a 5mm wide gap between the paving bricks. The gaps are filled with coarse sand, and after filling, water is sprinkled to seal the gaps, ensuring that the coarse sand is compacted. (3.3.9) After the protective layer passes the acceptance inspection, planting and backfilling shall be carried out, with a backfilling thickness of ≥300mm. Planting soil shall be used for backfilling. Mechanical compaction of the protective layer shall be avoided during backfilling. After the paving bricks are constructed, they shall be cured.

8. A method for waterproofing a basement according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, This also includes reinforced waterproofing treatment for two special areas: the post-cast strips of the basement floor slab, basement side walls, and basement roof slab, and through-wall pipes in the basement side walls and basement roof slab. For the post-cast strips of the basement floor slab, basement side walls, and basement roof slab, a 3mm thick and 300mm wide continuous steel plate waterstop is first pre-embedded along the length of the post-cast strip. The waterstop is welded and fixed to the concrete base layer, with a welding point spacing of ≤300mm. After the base layer on both sides of the post-cast strip is leveled, an additional 500mm wide and 4mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane is added. The additional layer is fully adhered using the hot-melt method. Before the post-cast strip concrete is poured, the upper edge of the post-cast strip is sealed with 120mm thick brick masonry. A 20mm thick 1:3 cement mortar leveling layer is applied to the inside of the brick masonry. The inside and outside corners of the leveling layer are rounded with a radius of 50mm. A small sump pit of 500mm×500mm×300mm is set every 30m at the post-cast strip location for drainage and moisture prevention. For all pipes penetrating the basement side walls and basement ceiling, a 3mm thick water-stop ring must be welded. The diameter of the ring is 100mm larger than the outer diameter of the pipe, and the ring is perpendicular to the pipe axis. The gap between the pipe and the sleeve is filled tightly with hemp fiber, and polyurethane sealant is embedded on the outside of the hemp fiber. After the base layer around the pipe is leveled, a 300mm wide and 4mm thick elastic modified bitumen waterproof membrane is applied as an additional layer. The additional layer adopts a combination of circular and long strip shapes. After the additional layer is laid, the large-area waterproof layer is then constructed. The junction between the pipe and the waterproof layer is sealed a second time with polyurethane sealant.

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