Power generation device utilizing tail water hydraulic power

Abstract

The invention discloses a power generation device utilizing tail water hydraulic power, which relates to the technical field of tail water hydroelectric power generation, and comprises a bank, a power generator, a water wheel, a tail water auxiliary flow guide assembly, a water level adaptability regulation and control assembly and a water quantity regulation and control assembly, through the design of the water level adaptability regulation and control assembly, an efficient water flow layer can be effectively matched, and the power generation efficiency is greatly improved; hydroelectric power generation personnel can effectively change the relative height of the water wheel by adjusting and controlling the total length of the wheel shaft upper section and the wheel shaft lower section through the design of the water level adaptability adjusting and controlling assembly according to the tail water level fluctuation and flow velocity layered change, and the problems that in the prior art, a fixed water wheel deviates from an efficient area for a long time, manual adjustment lags, and time is consumed are solved; the assembly can ensure that the water wheel continuously and fully bears water flow impact force, power generation efficiency loss caused by low water flow contact efficiency is avoided, the tail water energy recovery efficiency is always kept at a high level, and the overall power generation capacity of the device is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tailrace hydropower technology, specifically to a power generation device that utilizes tailrace hydropower. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of energy production, tailrace hydropower plants serve as a key supplementary facility for energy recovery and utilization in traditional large-scale hydropower stations. Their efficient and stable operation is directly related to the maximization of energy resource utilization, the achievement of energy conservation and emission reduction goals, and the sustainable development of the hydropower industry.

[0003] However, the dynamic fluctuations in water level, the distinct stratification of flow velocity, and the distribution of harmful areas in the tailrace region have long been core challenges restricting the efficiency and safety of tailrace power generation. In practical applications, existing tailrace power generation devices must simultaneously meet energy capture efficiency and equipment safety requirements to adapt to the complex environment of the tailrace region. However, existing devices have drawbacks. Firstly, the turbine height is mostly fixed, remaining in the same position for a long time after installation, making it impossible to flexibly adjust according to changes in water flow. Even if some devices have reserved height adjustment functions, maintenance personnel must bring specialized tools to the site to first disassemble the external fixed structure of the device and then manually adjust the position of the turbine support components. The entire process requires multiple people to work together, consuming a significant amount of manpower and time. Furthermore, the adjustment can only be implemented passively after a problem is discovered, making it difficult to keep up with the real-time fluctuations in the tailrace water level. Furthermore, the turbine cannot accurately match the high-velocity areas in the water flow stratification at different times. This causes the turbine to often deviate from the high-efficiency water flow layer and only come into contact with the low-velocity water flow, failing to fully withstand the impact of the water flow, thus keeping the power generation efficiency at a consistently low level. More seriously, when the water level drops, the turbine falls into the bottom siltation area, continuously rubbing and colliding with the deposited silt and waste residue, causing scratches, dents, and even blade deformation on the surface of the turbine blades. When the water level rises suddenly, the turbine will approach the top cavitation zone, where bubbles are easily generated on the surface during operation. When the bubbles burst, they will impact the turbine, causing cavitation damage over time and affecting the overall operational stability of the device. On the other hand, existing equipment lacks a tailrace sediment content monitoring module, making it impossible to monitor changes in sediment content in the tailrace in real time. Tailrace sediment content is affected by various factors, including upstream reservoir discharge, rainwater runoff during the rainy season, and industrial wastewater from surrounding areas, resulting in significant fluctuations at different times. When sediment content exceeds the standard, sediment enters the equipment with the water flow. Some sediment adheres to the surface of the rotor blades, gradually forming a sediment layer that alters the original streamlined structure of the blades and reduces water flow propulsion efficiency. Other sediment enters the flow channel, accumulating in narrow sections and gradually reducing the cross-section of the flow channel, obstructing water flow. Still other fine sediment seeps into the gaps between the transmission components, exacerbating wear and tear, reducing transmission efficiency, and even causing component jamming. Due to the lack of monitoring, these problems are often only discovered when the equipment exhibits significant efficiency drops, abnormal noise, or shutdown malfunctions. By this time, varying degrees of damage have already occurred, requiring not only a complete shutdown for overhaul and replacement of worn components, increasing maintenance costs, but also interrupting tailrace energy recovery due to unplanned shutdowns, resulting in energy waste.

[0004] In summary, the existing tailrace hydropower generation devices have technical deficiencies in terms of turbine height adaptive adjustment and tailrace sediment content monitoring, making it difficult for them to adapt to the dynamic environmental changes and equipment safety protection requirements of the tailrace area. It is urgent to break through the above bottlenecks through innovative design, improve the real-time adaptability and safety protection capabilities of the device, and truly realize the efficient and stable recovery and utilization of tailrace energy.

[0005] Therefore, this invention proposes a power generation device that utilizes tailwater hydropower to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a power generation device that utilizes tailwater hydropower to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a power generation device utilizing tailrace hydropower, comprising: a bank, a generator, and a turbine, and further comprising: a tailrace auxiliary flow guiding component, a water level adaptive control component, and a water volume control component; The tailwater auxiliary guide assembly is used to guide the water flow. The water level adaptive control component is used to control the draft of the turbine in the tailrace flow; The water flow control component is used to monitor the sediment content of the tailwater flow, ensuring that the device components are within a controllable wear range.

[0008] Preferably, the tailrace auxiliary flow guiding component includes an outer peripheral wall panel fixedly connected to the side wall of the embankment, the outer peripheral wall panel being composed of a U-shaped wall panel and a side panel; an outlet is fixedly connected through the outer peripheral wall panel, the outlet being the necessary pipe for water flow on the embankment; The outer peripheral wall panel is fixedly connected to a right-angle wall panel and a flow height baffle. The outer peripheral wall panel, the right-angle wall panel, and the flow height baffle together constitute a water flow chamber. A bracket A is provided between the U-shaped wall panel and the side panel of the outer peripheral wall panel, and a bracket B is fixedly connected to the bracket A.

[0009] Preferably, the support A consists of a frame, a sealing plate, and a drain pipe, wherein the drain pipe is fixedly connected to the sealing plate, and the support B consists of a frame and a standing plate with gaps to facilitate observation of the water turbine's operation, and the generator is fixedly connected to the standing plate of the support B. A vortex chamber is fixedly connected to the cover plate of the bracket A, and the bottom of the vortex chamber has an opening that is compatible with the drain pipe of the bracket A; A bearing is installed above the water turbine, and an electrically controlled stabilizing component is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the embankment and the inner wall of the vortex chamber. A fastening component is fixedly connected to the transmission end of the electrically controlled stabilizing component.

[0010] Preferably, the water level adaptive control component includes an upper section of a wheel axle, and the generator is connected to an auxiliary box with bevel gears for reversing direction. Specifically, the generator's drive shaft and the upper section of the wheel axle are respectively fixedly connected to two bevel gears in the auxiliary box, and are in a perpendicular meshing state. The lower part of the upper section of the axle is sleeved with the lower section of the axle, and the bottom of the lower section of the axle is provided with a support and a water collection cavity, and the support is slidably adapted to the water collection cavity.

[0011] Preferably, an auxiliary groove A is provided in the upper section of the axle, and an auxiliary groove B is provided in the lower section of the axle; an electrical control connector is fixedly connected in the lower section of the axle, a magnet is fixedly connected to the transmission end of the electrical control connector, and a Hall switch is fixedly connected in the auxiliary groove A. The water turbine is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lower section of the axle, and the bearing is fixedly sleeved on the lower section of the axle. The bearing is fastened and fixed by two fastening parts.

[0012] Preferably, the upper section of the wheel axle has equidistant insertion holes on its inner ring wall, and the lower section of the wheel axle has equidistant auxiliary grooves. An electromagnet is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the auxiliary groove, and an insertion post is slidably connected inside the auxiliary groove. A spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the insertion post, and the end of the spring away from the inner wall of the insertion post is fixedly connected to the wall of the auxiliary groove.

[0013] Preferably, a square chamber is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bracket A, an electrically controlled opening and closing pipe is fixedly connected through the square chamber, and a filter plate is fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the square chamber. The filter plate divides the square chamber into a sand zone and a device placement zone.

[0014] Preferably, a water pump is fixedly connected in the device placement area of ​​the square silo, the output end of the water pump is fixedly connected to a connecting pipe, and a pressure feedback plate is fixedly connected in the sand grain area of ​​the square silo.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a power generation device utilizing tailwater hydropower, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention, through the design of a water level adaptive regulation component, can bring the following benefits: Matching a high-efficiency water flow layer significantly improves power generation efficiency: Hydropower engineers can effectively change the relative height of the turbine by adjusting the total length of the upper and lower sections of the turbine shaft according to the fluctuations in tailwater level and the stratified changes in flow velocity through the design of the water level adaptive control component. Compared with the existing technology where the fixed turbine is long-term deviated from the high-efficiency zone and manual adjustment is lagging and time-consuming, this component can ensure that the turbine continuously and fully bears the impact force of the water flow, avoiding power generation efficiency loss due to low water flow contact efficiency, keeping the tailwater energy recovery efficiency at a high level, and significantly improving the overall power generation of the device. Proactively avoiding harmful areas and extending equipment lifespan: Addressing the issue in existing technologies where fixed water impellers easily fall into the bottom sedimentation zone and are close to the top cavitation zone, the water level adaptive control component can proactively adjust the impeller's position based on monitored water level data. When the water level drops, it promptly raises the impeller to avoid the sediment and waste deposited at the bottom, preventing scratches, dents, or deformation of the impeller blades due to friction and collision. When the water level rises suddenly, it quickly lowers the impeller to move away from the top cavitation zone, preventing cavitation damage to the impeller surface caused by bubble bursting. In other words, by proactively avoiding these two types of harmful areas, it effectively reduces the frequency of equipment failures, lowers the wear and tear on core components, and effectively extends the overall lifespan of the device. Enhancing environmental adaptability to complex tailrace scenarios: Tailrace areas are highly dynamic in terms of water level and flow velocity due to factors such as upstream scheduling, seasonal changes, and production wastewater. Existing technologies using fixed or manually adjustable turbines struggle to adapt to such complex changes. However, the water level adaptive control component, with its flexible height adjustment capabilities, can respond in real-time to tailrace environmental changes under different time periods and operating conditions. Whether it's a sudden rise in water level during the flood season, a drop in water level during the dry season, or water level fluctuations caused by routine upstream scheduling, it can stably adapt, overcoming the limitations of existing technologies in terms of poor adaptability to tailrace environments and ensuring long-term stable operation of the device in complex scenarios.

[0016] 2. The present invention, through the coordinated design of auxiliary slots A and B with the electrical control connector, magnet, and Hall switch, can bring the following advantages: Precise identification of axle deformation in advance avoids potential equipment malfunctions: During the splicing stage of the upper and lower sections of the axle, the vertical constraints of auxiliary grooves A and B, combined with the positional coordination of the magnet and Hall switch driven by the electrical control connector, directly determine whether the axle is deformed. Specifically, only when the axle is free of deformation can the auxiliary grooves remain vertical, allowing the two axle sections to be fully spliced ​​and the magnet to move precisely to the Hall switch position. This design achieves "pre-emptive detection" of deformation issues, preventing deformed axles from being put into use at the source. It avoids the situation where, if axle deformation goes undetected, uneven force during subsequent operation of the water turbine can cause turbine swaying, blade collisions with the flow channel, or transmission system jamming and excessive bearing wear. This design fundamentally eliminates these potential operational hazards by intercepting deformed axles in advance. Lowering post-operation and maintenance costs and reducing unplanned downtime losses: If a deformed axle is mistakenly installed and put into operation, it will not only accelerate the wear and tear of core components such as the turbine, leading to an increased frequency of equipment failures, but also require frequent shutdowns for maintenance. That is, when disassembling and replacing the deformed axle, the tailrace power generation operation must be suspended, causing an interruption of energy recovery. At the same time, the replacement of damaged parts and maintenance time will generate high operation and maintenance costs. This design, by detecting and eliminating deformed axles in advance, avoids the chain damage to subsequent equipment caused by deformed axles, reduces the frequency of replacement and maintenance of core components, and lowers operation and maintenance manpower and material costs. At the same time, it effectively avoids unplanned downtime caused by axle deformation, ensures the continuous and stable operation of the tailrace power generation unit, reduces energy recovery losses, and improves the overall economic benefits of the unit.

[0017] Improving detection reliability and avoiding human error: Traditional manual inspection of wheel and axle deformation is easily affected by factors such as inspection angle, ambient light, and personnel experience, often leading to misjudgments and residual hidden dangers. This design, however, forms a dual judgment mechanism of "mechanical positioning + electronic verification" based on the mechanical constraints of the auxiliary groove and the electronic signal feedback from the magnet-Hall switch. Specifically, the vertical state of the auxiliary groove directly determines whether the wheel and axle can be fully assembled, while the positional coordination of the magnet and Hall switch provides clear electronic signal evidence. The entire inspection process eliminates subjective human judgment, relying entirely on objective structural fit and signal feedback, thus avoiding human error and significantly improving the reliability and accuracy of wheel and axle deformation detection, ensuring that all wheel and axle put into use meet operational accuracy requirements.

[0018] 3. The present invention achieves automatic locking through the self-weight and centrifugal force of the plug-in post, which brings the following advantages in terms of energy dependence, locking timeliness, and structural adaptability: Eliminating dependence on electricity and enhancing adaptability to extreme scenarios: Traditional electrically controlled locking structures rely on electric drive. If the tailrace power generation device encounters power outages in the field, circuit failures, or power interruptions caused by severe weather, the locking function is prone to failure, and the connection between the upper and lower sections of the wheel axle will become loose due to loss of fixation. In contrast, this design achieves locking through the self-weight and centrifugal force of symmetrically arranged plug-in columns, requiring no electric support throughout the process: as soon as the wheel axle starts to rotate and generate centrifugal force, the plug-in columns will automatically insert into the plug-in holes of the upper section of the wheel axle under the combined action of their own weight and centrifugal force, completing the axial locking. The aforementioned characteristic of no electric drive enables it to work stably in tailrace scenarios with power failures and remote areas without power supply, eliminating dependence on external energy sources, avoiding the risk of locking failure due to power problems, and significantly improving the reliability of the device under extreme conditions. Simplified structural design reduces failure and maintenance costs: Electric locking structures require the integration of complex components such as motors, control circuits, and power supply modules, which not only increases structural complexity but also makes the locking function prone to failure due to circuit aging or motor failure. Subsequent maintenance requires repair of electrical components, resulting in high costs. In contrast, this design achieves locking solely through the mechanical engagement of plug-in pins and holes, utilizing self-weight and centrifugal force. There are no electrical components, making the structure simpler and reducing potential failure points. At the same time, the mechanical structure experiences less wear, and the engagement of plug-in pins and holes does not require frequent repairs or replacement of electrical parts. Only periodic checks of component wear are needed, significantly reducing the structural failure rate and subsequent maintenance costs, and minimizing downtime and repair losses due to locking component failures.

[0019] 4. This invention, through a dual-locking design involving the centrifugal locking of the plug-in post and the plug-in hole, and the auxiliary locking of the electronically controlled connector, combined with the stress characteristics of the wheel axle during operation, brings the following benefits in terms of structural protection and connection stability: Dual locking disperses axial torsional force, reducing the risk of structural component damage: If the axial torsional force generated during the operation of the wheel axle body is borne by only a single locking structure, it is easy to cause excessive stress on the locking components, leading to wear and deformation. This design uses a dual constraint of "centrifugal locking + electronically controlled connector". On the one hand, the plug-in column moves laterally into the plug-in hole under the action of centrifugal force, forming the first radial locking, which can directly share most of the dynamic torsional force generated by the change of rotation speed. On the other hand, the electronically controlled connector extends and inserts into the auxiliary groove A, forming the second axial limit, further fixing the relative position of the upper and lower sections of the wheel axle. The above-mentioned dual locking structure can evenly disperse the axial torsional force to two locking points, avoiding excessive stress on a single component, effectively reducing damage to the wheel axle connection and locking components, and reducing the risk of structural failure caused by local overload. The complementary use of dynamic and static locking enhances connection stability: the centrifugal locking of the plug-in pins and plug-in holes allows for dynamic adjustment of the locking force according to the axle speed; the higher the speed, the stronger the centrifugal force, and the tighter the plug-in pin engagement, adapting to dynamic force changes during axle operation; while the insertion of the electronically controlled connector into auxiliary slot A provides a static rigid constraint, maintaining stable positioning regardless of axle speed, avoiding the risk of loosening due to weakened locking force at low speeds; the two locking methods form a complementary effect of "dynamic adaptation + static backup," which, compared to a single locking structure, can cope with dynamic force fluctuations during axle operation and maintain a reliable connection at low speeds or during startup, significantly improving the overall stability of the upper and lower axle sections after splicing, and preventing problems such as connection wobbling and misalignment during operation.

[0020] 5. The water volume control component designed in this invention can bring the following beneficial effects: Monitoring water sediment content to proactively avoid equipment damage risks: Existing technologies lack sediment content monitoring, and the harm of sediment can only be discovered after the device experiences malfunctions such as decreased efficiency or abnormal noise. However, the water flow control component can collect water sediment data. When the sediment content reaches a preset threshold, maintenance personnel can take timely measures to prevent excessive sediment from moving with the water flow, prevent sediment from damaging the turbine blades and altering their streamlined structure, avoid equipment damage caused by sediment from the source, and reduce unplanned downtime. Adapting to complex tailwater environments and enhancing the device's environmental adaptability: The sediment content in tailwater is affected by various factors such as upstream reservoir discharge, rainy season precipitation, and surrounding industrial drainage, resulting in drastic and irregular fluctuations. Existing devices without monitoring capabilities struggle to adapt to such changes and are prone to damage due to the lack of protective measures when sediment content surges. The design of the water flow control components can detect and provide early warnings for both short-term heavy rainfall-induced surges in sediment content and sustained high sediment content conditions caused by upstream scheduling, providing dynamic protection support for the device. This adaptability to complex tailwater environments breaks through the limitations of existing devices that "passively endure sediment hazards," allowing the device to operate stably in variable tailwater scenarios and improving overall reliability.

[0021] 6. This invention focuses on the coordinated design of the water volume regulation component and the electronically controlled stabilizer. Considering the support requirements after adjustment by the water level adaptive regulation component, and from the aspects of wheel and axle stability and component functional synergy, the above-mentioned coordinated design can bring the following synergistic benefits to the overall operation: To enhance the support stability after axle height adjustment and avoid dynamic displacement: After the water level adaptive control component adjusts the height of the axle and the water wheel, the force fulcrum and balance state of the axle body will change. If there is a lack of targeted support, it is easy to experience axial displacement or radial swaying under the combined effects of water flow impact and its own rotation. However, when not monitoring sediment sampling, the water volume control component can adjust the position of the support component in conjunction with the electronically controlled stabilizer. That is, after the height of the axle body is adjusted, the electronically controlled stabilizer and the support component can quickly adapt to the new position of the axle to form precise support. Achieving synergistic component functions reduces overall equipment complexity: Designing a separate monitoring and control component for the support after axle height adjustment would increase the structural complexity and cost of the equipment. This design expands the function of the water volume control component, allowing it to provide auxiliary support for the main axle body to the electronically controlled stabilizer during off-peak hours when not monitoring sediment content, achieving a synergistic effect of "one component, multiple uses." Support requirements can be effectively met without the need for additional equipment. This synergistic design simplifies the overall equipment structure, reduces the number of parts, lowers manufacturing and maintenance costs, and avoids delays and errors in data interaction between multiple components, improving the response speed and accuracy of support actions. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the location distribution between the power generation device and the embankment in this invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of the embankment and power generation device in this invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the embankment and power generation device in this invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the power generation device in this invention; Figure 5 This is an installation diagram of the tailwater auxiliary flow guiding component and water level adaptive control component in this invention; Figure 6 This is a disassembly diagram of the tailwater auxiliary flow guiding component and the water level adaptive control component in this invention; Figure 7 The diagram shows the relevant structures of the bearing, lower section of the wheel axle, auxiliary groove B, electrical control connector, and magnet in this invention. Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating the assembly process of the upper and lower sections of the wheel axle in this invention. Figure 9 This is a side view of the structure of the upper section of the wheel axle, the water collection cavity, and the square compartment after being cut apart in this invention; Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating the working process of the water level adaptive regulation component in this invention. Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the working process of the water volume control component in this invention; Figure 12 This is a side view of the water volume control component in the present invention during its operation.

[0023] In the picture: 1. Embankment; 2. Generator; 3. Water turbine; 4. Tailwater auxiliary flow guiding assembly; 401. Outer peripheral wall panel; 402. Outlet; 403. Right angle wall panel; 404. Flow height baffle; 405. Support A; 406. Support B; 407. Swirl chamber; 408. Bearing; 409. Fastening parts; 410. Electrical control stabilizing parts; 5. Water level adaptive control component; 501. Upper section of wheel axle; 502. Lower section of wheel axle; 503. Support component; 504. Water collection cavity; 505. Auxiliary tank A; 506. Auxiliary tank B; 507. Electrical control connector; 508. Magnet; 509. Hall effect switch; 510. Plug-in hole; 511. Auxiliary column groove; 512. Electromagnet; 513. Plug-in post; 514. Spring; 6. Water volume control components; 601. Square tank; 602. Electrically controlled opening and closing pipe fittings; 603. Filter plate; 604. Water pump; 605. Connecting pipe; 606. Pressure feedback plate. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] Example Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 As shown: To address the problems mentioned in the technical solutions, this application provides a power generation device utilizing tailrace hydropower, comprising: a bank embankment 1, a generator 2, a turbine 3, and further comprising: a tailrace auxiliary guide component 4, a water level adaptive control component 5, and a water volume control component 6. The tailrace auxiliary flow guiding component 4 includes an outer peripheral wall panel 401 fixedly connected to the side wall of the embankment 1. The outer peripheral wall panel 401 is composed of a U-shaped wall panel and a side panel. An outlet 402 is fixedly connected through the outer peripheral wall panel 401, which is the necessary pipe for water flow on the embankment 1. A right-angle wall panel 403 and a flow height baffle 404 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer peripheral wall panel 401. The outer peripheral wall panel 401, the right-angle wall panel 403, and the flow height baffle 404 together form a flow chamber. A bracket A405 is provided between the U-shaped wall panel and the side panel of the outer peripheral wall panel 401, and a bracket B40 is fixedly connected to the bracket A405. 6. Support A405 consists of a frame, a sealing plate, and a drain pipe, with the drain pipe being fixedly connected to the sealing plate. Support B406 consists of a frame and a standing plate with gaps for easy observation of the turbine 3's operation. Generator 2 is fixedly connected to the standing plate of support B406. A vortex chamber 407 is fixedly connected to the sealing plate of support A405. The bottom of the vortex chamber 407 has an opening that matches the drain pipe of support A405. A bearing 408 is installed above the turbine 3. Electrically controlled stabilizers 410 are also fixedly connected to the outer wall of the embankment 1 and the inner wall of the vortex chamber 407. A fastener 409 is fixedly connected to the transmission end of the electrically controlled stabilizer 410.

[0027] in: The generator 2 is connected to an auxiliary box with bevel gears for reversing direction. Specifically, the drive shaft of the generator 2 and the upper section 501 of the axle are fixedly connected to two bevel gears in the auxiliary box, so as to mesh and rotate, transmit and cause the drive shaft of the generator 2 to rotate, and generate electricity.

[0028] The tailwater auxiliary guide assembly 4 is used to guide the water flow.

[0029] The outer perimeter wall panel 401, the right-angle wall panel 403, and the flow height baffle 404 constitute a water flow chamber, which can guide and transfer the water flow discharged from the outlet 402, and enter the vortex chamber 407 through the reserved opening in the flow height baffle 404.

[0030] Bearing 408, fastening component 409, and electronically controlled stabilizing component 410 are used to stabilize the upper section 501 and lower section 502 of the wheel axle during rotation and prevent them from shaking.

[0031] A further embodiment: Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figures 6 to 10 As shown: The water level adaptive control component 5 includes an upper axle section 501, a generator 2, and an auxiliary box with bevel gears for deflection. Specifically, the drive shaft of the generator 2 and the upper axle section 501 are fixedly connected to two bevel gears in the auxiliary box, forming a perpendicular meshing state. A lower axle section 502 is sleeved on the lower part of the upper axle section 501. The bottom of the lower axle section 502 is provided with a support 503 and a water collection cavity 504. The support 503 is slidably adapted to the water collection cavity 504. An auxiliary groove A505 is opened in the upper axle section 501, and an auxiliary groove B506 is opened in the lower axle section 502. An electrical control connector 507 is fixedly connected in the lower axle section 502, and the transmission end of the electrical control connector 507 is fixedly connected to... A magnet 508 is connected to the auxiliary groove A505, and a Hall switch 509 is fixedly connected to it. The water wheel 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lower section 502 of the axle. The bearing 408 is fixedly sleeved on the lower section 502 of the axle and is fastened and fixed by two fasteners 409. The inner ring wall of the insertion end of the upper section 501 of the axle has insertion holes 510 at equal intervals. The lower section 502 of the axle has auxiliary column grooves 511 at equal intervals. An electromagnet 512 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the auxiliary column groove 511. An insertion post 513 is slidably connected in the auxiliary column groove 511. A spring 514 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the insertion post 513. The end of the spring 514 away from the inner wall of the insertion post 513 is fixedly connected to the wall of the auxiliary column groove 511.

[0032] in: By adjusting the total length of the upper section 501 and the lower section 502 of the axle, the relative height of the turbine 3 can be effectively changed. This differs from the existing technology where the turbine 3 is fixed and deviates from the high-efficiency zone for a long time, and manual adjustment is lagging and time-consuming. This ensures that the tailwater energy recovery efficiency is always maintained at a high level. To adapt to the water level height in different seasons and reduce the damage to the turbine 3 caused by its location in the siltation / impurity zone, the overall power generation of the device is significantly improved. Furthermore, the water level adaptability control component 5 can respond in real time to changes in the tailwater environment under different time periods and operating conditions through flexible height adjustment capabilities. This breaks through the limitation of poor adaptability of the device to the tailwater environment in the existing technology and ensures long-term stable operation of the device in complex scenarios.

[0033] The support member 503 consists of a column with a groove and a sliding piece adapted to slide within the water collection cavity 504; the groove is a bullet-shaped slot adapted to the bottom end of the lower section 502 of the wheel axle.

[0034] The upper section 501 of the wheel axle is inserted and spliced ​​onto the lower section 502 of the wheel axle through the auxiliary groove A505; and scale lines are drawn on the outer ring surface of the upper section 501 and the lower section 502 of the wheel axle for the installation and alignment of the upper section 501 and the lower section 502 of the wheel axle.

[0035] The auxiliary slot B506 is compatible with the electrical control connector 507.

[0036] Both the electronically controlled stabilizer 410 and the electronically controlled connector 507 are implemented as electronically controlled telescopic poles.

[0037] There is an electrical connection between Hall switch 509 and the device's main controller. When the electrical control connector 507, carrying magnet 508, can move to the position of Hall switch 509, Hall switch 509 will provide feedback through the buzzer embedded in the side wall of the upper section 501 of the axle, which is electrically connected. This indicates that neither the upper section 501 nor the lower section 502 of the axle has deformed.

[0038] When the magnetic plug 513 is not electromagnetically attracted, the normally relaxed spring 514 will push the plug 513 into the plug hole 510.

[0039] The plug post 513 can be inserted into the plug hole 510.

[0040] Spring 514 is used to reset the plug post 513 when it is not subjected to centrifugal force.

[0041] It should be noted that: Through the coordinated design of auxiliary slots A505 and B506 with electrical control connectors 507, magnets 508, and Hall switches 509, wheel and axle deformation can be accurately identified in advance, avoiding potential equipment malfunctions. Specifically, based on the mechanical constraints of the auxiliary slots and the electronic signal feedback from magnets 508 and Hall switches 509, a dual judgment mechanism of "mechanical positioning + electronic verification" is formed. That is, the vertical state of the auxiliary slots directly determines whether the upper section 501 and lower section 502 of the wheel and axle can be fully spliced, while the positional coordination of magnets 508 and Hall switches 509 provides clear electronic signal evidence. The entire detection process does not require subjective human judgment, relying entirely on objective structural coordination and signal feedback, avoiding human error and significantly improving the reliability and accuracy of wheel and axle deformation detection.

[0042] The design achieves automatic locking through the self-weight and centrifugal force of the plug-in post 513, unlike traditional electrically controlled locking structures that rely on electric drive. This eliminates the dependence on electricity and improves adaptability to extreme scenarios. Furthermore, existing electrically controlled locking mechanisms that rely on electricity require the integration of complex components such as motors, control circuits, and power supply modules, which not only increases structural complexity but also makes the locking function prone to failure due to circuit aging or motor malfunction. Subsequent maintenance requires repair of electrical components, resulting in high costs. In contrast, this design simplifies the structural design and reduces failure and maintenance costs through the mechanical cooperation of the plug-in post 513 and the plug-in hole 510.

[0043] The dual locking design, consisting of the centrifugal locking of the plug-in post 513 and the plug-in hole 510, and the auxiliary locking of the electronically controlled connector 507, can evenly distribute the axial torsional force to the two locking points, preventing excessive stress on a single component, effectively reducing damage to the wheel-axle connection and locking components, and lowering the risk of structural failure due to local overload. The centrifugal locking of the plug-in post 513 and the plug-in hole 510 can dynamically adjust the locking force according to the wheel-axle speed. The insertion of the electronically controlled connector 507 into the auxiliary groove A505 is a static rigid constraint. The two locking methods form a complementary effect of "dynamic adaptation + static backstop". Compared with a single locking structure, it can cope with the dynamic force fluctuations during wheel-axle operation.

[0044] A further embodiment: Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 9 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 As shown: A square chamber 601 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bracket A405. An electrically controlled opening and closing pipe 602 is fixedly connected through the square chamber 601. A filter plate 603 is fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the square chamber 601. The filter plate 603 divides the inner cavity of the square chamber 601 into a sand grain area and a device placement area. A water pump 604 is fixedly connected to the device placement area of ​​the square chamber 601. The output end of the water pump 604 is fixedly connected to the connecting pipe 605. A pressure feedback plate 606 is fixedly connected to the sand grain area of ​​the square chamber 601.

[0045] in: The design of the water volume control component 6 can effectively monitor the sediment content of the water body, avoid the risk of equipment damage in advance, prevent sediment from damaging the turbine blades 3 and changing the streamline structure, avoid equipment damage caused by sediment from the source, and reduce unplanned downtime failures.

[0046] The electrically controlled opening and closing pipe fitting 602 consists of a pipe fitting and an electrically controlled valve, which is electrically connected to the main controller of the device.

[0047] The filter plate 603 is used to block sand particles to the area where the pressure feedback plate 606 is located.

[0048] The pressure feedback plate 606 is composed of corrosion-resistant silicone and a pressure sensor. When monitoring sediment content, the sediment content ratio in a unit water body can be determined by the difference in sediment weight detected by the sensor, and an early warning can be issued through the device's main controller.

[0049] It should be noted that the water volume control component 6 is set in two sets: one set is used for monitoring sediment content, and the other set is used for water transfer within the water collection chamber 504.

[0050] It should be noted that the design of the water volume control component 6 and the electronically controlled stabilizer 410, combined with the support requirements after the water level adaptive control component 5 is adjusted, effectively enhances the support stability after the axle height adjustment and avoids dynamic displacement in terms of axle stability and component functional synergy. Furthermore, the coordinated use of the water volume control component 6 and the electronically controlled stabilizer 410 differs from existing technologies where a separate monitoring and control component is designed for the support after axle height adjustment, which would increase the complexity and cost of the equipment structure. This functional synergy design simplifies the overall equipment structure, reduces the number of parts, lowers manufacturing and maintenance costs, and avoids delays and errors in data interaction between multiple components, thereby improving the response speed and accuracy of the support action.

[0051] The working principle of all the content in the above embodiments is as follows: It should be noted that before the device is used, the upper section 501 and the lower section 502 of the wheel axle need to be spliced ​​together and their deformability checked simultaneously; for details, please refer to the appendix. Figure 8 The upper section 501 of the wheel axle is inserted into the auxiliary groove B506 on the lower section 502 of the wheel axle. As the insertion proceeds, two situations may occur: First, the two are completely spliced ​​and engaged, and the scale lines on the upper section 501 and the lower section 502 of the wheel axle serve as observation references for splicing (no deformation occurs); Second, the two can be spliced ​​together, but they cannot be completely engaged (deformation occurs). Taking the example of undeformed upper axle section 501 and lower axle section 502: Specifically, when personnel join the two opposing sections until they can no longer move, the electrically controlled connector 507 extends. During this extension, the connector 507, carrying the magnet 508, moves within the auxiliary groove A505, gradually approaching and ultimately contacting the Hall switch 509. At this point, the Hall switch 509 will alert the user via an electrically connected buzzer. This indicates that the upper axle section 501 and lower axle section 502 are fully joined without deformation. Conversely, if personnel join the two opposing sections until they can no longer move, but... If the Hall switch 509 is not electrically connected, the buzzer embedded in the side wall of the upper section 501 of the axle will provide feedback. This indicates that the axle, assembled from the upper section 501 and the lower section 502, is deformed and unusable, requiring replacement. Based on the mechanical constraints of the auxiliary slot A505 and the electronic signal feedback from the magnet 508 and Hall switch 509, a dual judgment mechanism of "mechanical positioning + electronic verification" is formed. The entire detection process requires no subjective human judgment, relying entirely on objective structural fit and signal feedback, avoiding human error and significantly improving the reliability and accuracy of axle deformation detection. This ensures the smooth operation of subsequent hydroelectric power generation.

[0052] Furthermore, after the upper section 501 and lower section 502 of the axle are properly assembled (at this point, the upper section 501 and lower section 502 of the axle are not fully assembled, leaving redundant space for the subsequent height adjustment of the water turbine 3 on the lower section 502), when the entire device is put into use, please refer to the attached document. Figure 1 Appendix Figure 3 Appendix Figure 4 The water flowing out of the outlet 402 will be guided and transferred by the water flow chamber composed of the outer peripheral wall plate 401, the right angle wall plate 403, and the flow height baffle 404. The water will then enter the vortex chamber 407 through the opening reserved in the flow height baffle 404. The water flowing into the vortex chamber 407 will flow in a circle under the guidance of the inner wall of the vortex chamber 407. During the water flow, the water turbine 3 will drive the generator 2 to generate electricity through the axle body composed of the upper section 501 and the lower section 502 of the axle and the auxiliary transmission of the gearbox. Furthermore, as the water continues to flow, it will flow out from the drain pipe of support A405, that is, transfer to the space area where support B406 is located. Furthermore, during the rotation of the wheel axle, which consists of the upper section 501 and the lower section 502, the electrically controlled stabilizer 410 fixed to the embankment 1 provides stabilizing assistance for the rotation of the wheel axle through the bearing 408 fixed and restricted within the fastener 409. Furthermore, as the axle rotates, the plug 513, under its own weight and aided by the centrifugal force generated by the axle rotation, will insert and tightly fit into the plug hole 510 on the upper section 501 of the axle. Simultaneously, during this period, the electrically controlled connector 507, originally used to detect whether the axle (comprising the upper and lower sections 502) is deformed, is located in the auxiliary groove A505 of the upper section 501. That is, through the double-locking design of the centrifugal locking plug 513 and plug hole 510, and the auxiliary locking of the electrically controlled connector 507 inserted into the auxiliary groove A505, the axial torsional force of the axle can be evenly distributed to the two locking points, preventing excessive stress on a single component, effectively reducing damage to the axle connection and locking components, and lowering the risk of structural failure due to localized overload. Furthermore, as power generation progresses, it is necessary to monitor the sediment content in the water body periodically. It is known that the water volume control component 6 is equipped with two sets: one set for sediment content monitoring and the other for water transfer within the collection chamber 504. During operation, the pumps 604 in both sets work together to regulate the total water volume within the collection chamber 504. Furthermore, during sediment content monitoring, the electrically controlled valves in both electrically controlled opening and closing pipe fittings 602 are open, and both pumps 604 supply water to and pump water out of the collection chamber 504 at the same speed. For the above process, please refer to the attached... Figure 11 and appendix Figure 12 After a certain period of time, the electrically controlled valves controlling the two electrically controlled opening and closing pipe fittings 602 close simultaneously. At this time, the sand particles blocked by the filter plate 603 in the sand area of ​​the square chamber 601, i.e. the area where the pressure feedback plate 606 is located, will exert pressure on the pressure feedback plate 606. The pressure feedback plate 606 will convert the weight of the sand particles into a numerical value and use the controller to issue an early warning of whether there is a high sand content. When the sand content reaches the preset threshold, the operation and maintenance personnel can take timely measures to prevent the excessive sediment from moving with the water flow, prevent the sediment from damaging the turbine blades 3 and changing the streamline structure, avoid equipment damage caused by sediment from the source, and reduce unplanned downtime failures. Furthermore, when the water level changes due to external environmental factors, personnel can temporarily replace the flow height baffle 404 without an opening to confine the water within a temporary water storage chamber composed of the outer perimeter wall panel 401, the right-angle wall panel 403, and the flow height baffle 404. Then, an electromagnet 512 magnetically attracts the insertion post 513 inserted into the insertion hole 510, causing it to fully enter the auxiliary column groove 511. Further, two water pumps 604 are controlled to pump water, but this requires adjustments based on... The speed of the two water pumps 604 is controlled according to the specific situation. Under the speed difference between the two, the support 503 will move up / down in the water collection cavity 504. The lower section 502 of the wheel axle supported by the support 503 will adjust the height of the water wheel 3 on it. After the adjustment is completed, the electric valves of the electric control opening and closing pipes 602 in both groups will be closed, the electromagnet 512 will no longer magnetically attract the plug 513, and the plug 513 will be re-inserted into the plug hole 510. At this point, the height adjustment of the water wheel 3 is completed.

[0053] Please refer to the above work process. Figures 1 to 12 .

[0054] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element; and all electrical control devices within the apparatus are electrically connected to the overall controller of the apparatus.

[0055] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A power generation device utilizing tailrace hydropower, comprising: The embankment (1), generator (2), and water turbine (3) are characterized by further comprising: tailrace auxiliary guide assembly (4), water level adaptive control assembly (5), and water volume control assembly (6). The tailwater auxiliary guide assembly (4) is used to guide the water flow. The water level adaptive control component (5) is used to control the draft of the turbine (3) in the tailrace flow; The water volume control component (6) is used to monitor the sediment content of the tailwater flow, ensuring that the device components are within a controllable wear range; and to assist the height control of the water level adaptability control component (5).

2. A power generation device utilizing tailrace hydropower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tailwater auxiliary flow guiding component (4) includes an outer peripheral wall panel (401) fixedly connected to the side wall of the bank (1). The outer peripheral wall panel (401) is composed of a U-shaped wall panel and a side panel. An outlet (402) is fixedly connected through the outer peripheral wall panel (401). The outlet (402) is the necessary pipe for water flow on the bank (1). The outer peripheral wall panel (401) is fixedly connected to a right-angle wall panel (403) and a flow height baffle (404). The outer peripheral wall panel (401), the right-angle wall panel (403), and the flow height baffle (404) together constitute a water flow chamber. A bracket A (405) is provided between the U-shaped wall panel and the side panel of the outer peripheral wall panel (401), and a bracket B (406) is fixedly connected to the bracket A (405).

3. A power generation device utilizing tailrace hydropower according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support A (405) consists of a frame, a sealing plate, and a drain pipe, wherein the drain pipe is fixedly connected to the sealing plate. The support B (406) consists of a frame and a standing plate with gaps to facilitate observation of the operation of the water turbine (3). The generator (2) is fixedly connected to the standing plate of the support B (406). A vortex chamber (407) is fixedly connected to the sealing plate of the bracket A (405), and the bottom of the vortex chamber (407) is provided with an opening that is compatible with the drain pipe of the bracket A (405); A bearing (408) is provided above the water turbine (3). An electric control stabilizer (410) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the embankment (1) and the inner wall of the vortex chamber (407). A fastener (409) is fixedly connected to the transmission end of the electric control stabilizer (410).

4. A power generation device utilizing tailrace hydropower according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water level adaptive control component (5) includes an upper section of the wheel axle (501), the generator (2) is connected to an auxiliary box with bevel gears for reversing direction. Specifically, the transmission shaft of the generator (2) and the upper section of the wheel axle (501) are fixedly connected to two bevel gears in the auxiliary box, respectively, and are in a vertical meshing state. The lower part of the upper section (501) of the wheel axle is sleeved with the lower section (502) of the wheel axle. The bottom of the lower section (502) of the wheel axle is provided with a support (503) and a water collection cavity (504). The support (503) is slidably adapted to the water collection cavity (504).

5. A power generation device utilizing tailrace hydropower according to claim 4, characterized in that: An auxiliary groove A (505) is provided in the upper section (501) of the axle, and an auxiliary groove B (506) is provided in the lower section (502) of the axle; an electrical control connector (507) is fixedly connected in the lower section (502) of the axle, and a magnet (508) is fixedly connected to the transmission end of the electrical control connector (507); a Hall switch (509) is fixedly connected in the auxiliary groove A (505). The waterwheel (3) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lower section (502) of the axle, and the bearing (408) is fixedly sleeved on the lower section (502) of the axle. The bearing (408) is fastened and fixed by two fastening parts (409).

6. A power generation device utilizing tailrace hydropower according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper section (501) of the wheel axle has equidistant insertion holes (510) on the inner ring wall of the insertion end. The lower section (502) of the wheel axle has equidistant auxiliary column grooves (511). An electromagnet (512) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the auxiliary column groove (511). An insertion post (513) is slidably connected in the auxiliary column groove (511). A spring (514) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the insertion post (513). One end of the spring (514) away from the inner wall of the insertion post (513) is fixedly connected to the wall of the auxiliary column groove (511).

7. A power generation device utilizing tailrace hydropower according to claim 3, characterized in that: A square chamber (601) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bracket A (405), an electrically controlled opening and closing pipe (602) is fixedly connected through the square chamber (601), and a filter plate (603) is fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the square chamber (601). The filter plate (603) divides the inner cavity of the square chamber (601) into a sand zone and a device placement zone.

8. A power generation device utilizing tailrace hydropower according to claim 7, characterized in that: A water pump (604) is fixedly connected in the device placement area of ​​the square silo (601), and the output end of the water pump (604) is fixedly connected to the connecting pipe (605). A pressure feedback plate (606) is fixedly connected in the sand grain area of ​​the square silo (601).

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