Statistical method for calculating mileage and distance corresponding to linear engineering sensitive points

Abstract

The application relates to the CAD technical field and discloses a linear engineering sensitive point corresponding mileage and distance calculation and statistics method, which comprises the following steps: S101, based on text coordinates and text contents in a building, a layer is created and a closed multisection line is generated to perform rapid modeling of the building; S102, plane data of a route center line and sensitive points are read, the route center line is converted into a matrix form containing coordinates, convexity, corresponding pile numbers and curvatures of each point, and the sensitive point data is converted into a matrix form containing coordinates and radii; S103, projection relations of the sensitive points and the route center line are calculated to determine mileage ranges, azimuth relations, minimum distances and curve radii of the sensitive points; and S104, based on calculation results of the step S103, the number of buildings contained by each sensitive point, start and end pile numbers, nearest distances and curve radii are counted. From the whole engineering cycle, the method can greatly improve work efficiency and accuracy.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the CAD technical field, and particularly relates to a linear engineering sensitive point corresponding mileage, distance calculation and statistics method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The investigation of protection targets is the basis of environmental impact assessment. The environmental impact assessment guide requires a list to give the spatial location relationship of the protection targets in the evaluation range and the construction project.

[0003] For linear engineering, the spatial location relationship of the protection targets includes the mileage range, the location relationship (left / right) and the nearest horizontal distance. Taking rail transit and municipal engineering projects as examples, the noise evaluation range is generally 200 meters on both sides of the line center line / edge line. A 30-kilometer-long engineering often involves nearly a hundred sensitive points and thousands of buildings. In the design stage, the engineering is not stable, and the line position (lateral offset, start and end point adjustment) often undergoes dozens of adjustments. Each version of the scheme needs the environmental impact assessment unit to reorganize the spatial location relationship, and this work is tedious and heavy, and manual statistics will inevitably produce mistakes and omissions.

[0004] In the environmental impact assessment work, the sensitive points around the line can be considered as fixed (only involving increase and decrease, not involving displacement). Therefore, the modeling of the sensitive points is one-time modeling, and is used for a lifetime (design, construction, acceptance and operation). SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a linear engineering sensitive point corresponding mileage, distance calculation and statistics method, and the purpose of the present application is to calculate and statistics the mileage range, orientation and nearest distance of the sensitive points by inputting the line plane information and the plane information of the sensitive points into a calculation system. A linear engineering sensitive point corresponding mileage, distance calculation and statistics method comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step S101: based on the text coordinates and text content in the building, a layer is created and a closed polyline is generated to quickly model the building;

[0007] Step S102: reading the line center line and the plane data of the sensitive points, converting the line center line into a matrix form containing the coordinates of each point, convexity, corresponding stake number and curvature, and converting the sensitive point data into a matrix form containing the coordinates and radius;

[0008] Step S103: calculating the projection relationship of the sensitive points and the line center line to determine the mileage range, orientation relationship, minimum distance and curve radius of the sensitive points;

[0009] Step S104: based on the calculation results of the step S103, the number of buildings contained by each sensitive point, the start and end stake number, the nearest distance and the curve radius are counted.

[0010] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0011] 1. This invention provides a rapid building modeling method based on CAD.

[0012] 2. Implement calculations and statistics on mileage range, shortest distance, and curve radius for linear engineering.

[0013] 3. The most time-consuming part of this method is modeling the sensitive points. However, once a model is created, it is useful throughout the entire design and construction process and can also be used for subsequent 3D modeling. From the perspective of the entire project cycle, this method can greatly improve work efficiency and accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a statistical method for calculating the mileage and distance corresponding to sensitive points in linear engineering.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a typical topographic map;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a flowchart for rapid building modeling;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of line data preprocessing;

[0018] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of sensitive data preprocessing;

[0019] Figure 6 It refers to the positional relationship between a point / circle and a line;

[0020] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between buildings (straight lines and arcs) and lines (straight lines and arcs);

[0021] Figure 8 It allows for quick location of the line position corresponding to sensitive points. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth" and the like in the description and in the claims of the present application, and above-mentioned drawings, if any, are used to distinguish between similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the use of the terms so-termed, where appropriate, can be interchanged with each other to the extent that embodiments described herein can be carried out in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprise" or "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or apparatus comprising a list of steps or units does not necessarily limit to those steps or units clearly listed, but can include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or apparatuses.

[0023] In the environmental impact assessment work, the sensitive points around the line can be considered as fixed (only involving increase or decrease, not involving displacement). Therefore, the modeling for the sensitive points is one-time modeling, which is used for life (design, construction, acceptance, operation).

[0024] CAD is a vector graph, only the geometric parameters need to be stored, and the color, layer, contour and other information of the graph are described by relying on mathematical description. The parameters of the graphic object (called a graphic element) can be called by a graphic element code, and can be found in the ENTITIES region of the DXF file. In engineering drawing, the most commonly used graphic elements are: 1, point (POINT) or insertion graphic element (INSERT); 2, circle (CIRCLE); 3, straight line (LINE); 4, circular arc (ARC); 5, lightweight polyline (LWPOLYLINE); 6, text (TEXT).

[0025] Among them, the lightweight polyline is introduced from AutoCAD R14, and is the default polyline type of subsequent versions. It has a more optimized storage structure, and its characteristics are: 1) lightweight; 2) limited to two dimensions (Z coordinate is uniform); 3) single entity.

[0026] The advantage of LWPOLYLINE is that the concept of bulge is introduced, and straight lines and circular arcs are expressed in the same form. Bulge is a very important concept in AutoCAD, and bulge controls the size and direction of the arc between two points. Bulge (BULGE) is defined as the tangent value of 1 / 4 of the arc (ARC) contained in the circular arc, that is: .

[0027] For the convenience of understanding, the specific flow of the embodiments of the present application is described below. Please refer to Figures 1-8 The first embodiment of the method in the embodiments of the present application includes:

[0028] ​​Step S101: based on the text coordinates and text content in the building, creating a layer and generating a closed polyline for fast modeling of the building;

[0029] Step S102: reading the plan data of the line center line and sensitive points, converting the line center line into a matrix form containing the coordinates of each point, convexity, corresponding stake number and curvature, and converting the sensitive point data into a matrix form containing coordinates and radius;

[0030] Step S103: calculating the projection relationship of the sensitive points and the line center line to determine the mileage range, orientation relationship, minimum distance and curve radius of the sensitive points;

[0031] Step S104: based on the calculation results of step S103, counting the number of buildings contained by each sensitive point, the start and end stake numbers, the nearest distance and the curve radius.

[0032] In the preferred scheme of the present application, the step S101 is fast modeling of the building. As shown in the figure, Figure 2 is a typical topographic map, which contains road boundary lines, ground elevation, buildings, river courses and other graphics and text content. Among them, the building is generally represented by a closed area to represent the outline range, and the internal text represents the structure and floor number, such as "brick 2", "mix 5", "concrete 11", "6" and the like.

[0033] The modeling of the conventional building is generally realized by Z-axis stretching of the two-dimensional contour. Therefore, the key of fast modeling is to draw the closed boundary and set the height.

[0034] The BOUNDARY command provided by CAD can be used to create a face domain or a polyline from a closed area. As shown in the figure, Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of fast modeling of the building:

[0035] S201, select the text in the house;

[0036] S202, identify the text and insert the point coordinates;

[0037] S203, create / select the layer of "general prefix" + "text";

[0038] S204, in the layer, take the insertion point coordinates of the text as the pickup point of BOUNDARY to create a closed polyline;

[0039] S205, by isolating the layer, batch select and adjust the elevation of the polyline.

[0040] In the preferred scheme of the present application, the step S102 is to read and convert the plan data of the line center line and sensitive points. The plan Figure 1Generally, urban plane coordinate system is adopted (i.e. X, Y coordinates are adopted instead of longitude and latitude), and the unit of the figure is meter. The derived data needs to be preprocessed.

[0041] Preprocessing of the center line data of the line. The center line of the line is combined into a light multi-segment line, i.e. a non-closed multi-segment line with N vertices, denoted as (1≤i≤N).

[0042] When the order of the vertices of the multi-segment line is opposite to the direction of the increase of the mileage, the direction can be exchanged using the Pedit command. The line can also be exchanged in direction by the following formula: When , there is , , .

[0043] When there is an optimal arc in the line , it will make a series of subsequent judgments more complex, and the line can be changed into two sub-optimal arcs by inserting a midpoint in the arc.

[0044]

[0045] In actual engineering, due to local line change or segmented measurement, etc., there will be a phenomenon that the stake numbers are not connected, i.e. broken chain. At this time, the subsequent stake number should be taken as the starting point to recalculate the mileage after the broken chain (for example: AK1+195=AK1+200 (short chain 5 meters), which should be taken as AK1+200 as the stake number corresponding to the point).

[0046] At this time, the broken point needs to be inserted into the existing multi-segment line, and the stake number calculation of the subsequent vertex starts from this point.

[0047] In a straight line segment, the broken point can be directly inserted, and there is . In a circular arc segment, after inserting the broken point, the curve radius remains unchanged, so and need to be recalculated, and there are:

[0048]

[0049] Because the mileage corresponding to the sensitive point and the corresponding circular curve radius need to be calculated and counted, the N×3 matrix is expanded to N×5. For the convenience of subsequent statistics, the curvature (the reciprocal of the radius ) is taken as a parameter, denoted as , and , the coordinates , the coordinates , and the convexity And curvature .

[0050] After the known starting stake Or broken chain stake number , the stake number of each subsequent point can be calculated by the following formula:

[0051]

[0052] Straight segment: curvature .

[0053] Circular curve segment: curvature is the reciprocal of the curve radius, which can be calculated by the convexity And chord length .

[0054]

[0055] Ease curve segment: in engineering drawing, there are two ways to draw ease curve. The curvature of the ease curve changes with the length of the ease curve, and the ease curve can be regarded as the extension of the circular curve (i.e. uniform curvature), or the curvature of each point on the ease curve can be approximately calculated by the following method.

[0056] 1) The ease curve commonly used in highways and ramps is clothoid, which is a polyline composed of multiple circular arcs in engineering drawing. The curvature of each point can be easily calculated by the convexity.

[0057] 2) The ease curve commonly used in railways is a cubic parabola, which is a polyline composed of multiple straight lines in engineering drawing, and the corresponding curvature can be calculated by the coordinates of the two adjacent points.

[0058]

[0059] Preprocessing of sensitive point data. The data type of sensitive points may include point, insertion, circle, straight line, circular arc and lightweight polyline. In order to facilitate subsequent data calculation, the data of sensitive points is uniformly converted into N × 3 form.

[0060] Such as point, insertion and circle, which can be converted into 1 × 3 matrix, denoted as , X value, Y value and radius respectively.

[0061] Straight line and circular arc can be converted into 2 × 3 matrix, denoted as . For straight line, ; for circular arc, after knowing the center coordinates , radius , starting angle and ending angle , it can be converted by the following formula:

[0062]

[0063] Wherein, mod is the remainder function, that is, when converting from a circular arc to a polyline, has .

[0064] The lightweight polyline is an Mx3 matrix ( ), when it is a closed polyline, the data is converted to an open polyline by adding a row at the end.

[0065]

[0066] In the preferred scheme of the application, the step S103: calculating the mileage range, azimuth relationship and relative distance of the sensitive point. From the mathematical relationship, it is to calculate the projection relationship of the sensitive point and the line .

[0067] When , the sensitive point is a point or a circle, denoted as . When the line where the vertical projection corresponding to the center A is located is a straight line , the projection point is denoted as . When , it satisfies:

[0068]

[0069] Wherein, and are the length and height of the projection respectively.

[0070] When the line where the vertical projection corresponding to the center A is located is a circular arc , it satisfies:

[0071]

[0072] Wherein, is the center coordinate corresponding to the circular arc .

[0073] The pile number range corresponding to the sensitive point is: . The azimuth and the nearest distance are determined as follows: 1) when , the azimuth is left and the minimum distance is ; 2) when , the azimuth is right and the minimum distance is ; 3) when , the azimuth is crossing and the minimum distance is 0.

[0074] When When the sensitive point is a polyline, the corresponding station number range can be obtained by finding the station number corresponding to each point (ignoring the case where the arc of the sensitive point protrudes along the line direction).

[0075] Determining the closest distance and direction is quite complex, using a straight line... or arc Taking a polyline as an example, this paper introduces how to calculate the spatial position in the case of a polyline.

[0076] A) When the straight line The projections of the two points lie on the same straight line. When, the location and closest distance are determined as follows: 1) When At that time, the orientation is to the left, and the minimum distance is ;2) When At that time, the orientation is to the right, and the minimum distance is ;3) When At that time, the orientation is crossing, and the minimum distance is 0.

[0077] B) When the straight line The two points are projected onto the same arc. When doing this, the arc should be calculated first. The coordinates of the center of the circle Then determine its line segment Is there a projection on the surface? If so, calculate its coordinates. and find .if If it does not exist, the location and distance determination are the same as in A); The existence, location, and nearest distance are determined as follows: 1) When , and All values ​​are greater than 0, the orientation is to the left, and the minimum distance is... ;2) When , and All values ​​are less than 0, the orientation is to the right, and the minimum distance is... 3) In other cases, the orientation is through, and the minimum distance is 0.

[0078] C) When the arc The projections of the two points lie on the same straight line. When doing this, the arc should be calculated first. The coordinates of the center of the circle Then judge Its online segment Is there a projection on the surface? If so, calculate its coordinates. At this point, make another judgment. In the arc Is there a projection on the surface? If so, calculate its coordinates. and find .if The existence, location, and nearest distance are determined as follows: 1) When , and All values ​​are greater than 0, the orientation is to the left, and the minimum distance is... ;2) When , and All values ​​are less than 0, the orientation is to the right, and the minimum distance is... 3) In other cases, the orientation is through, and the minimum distance is 0.

[0079] D) When the arc The two points are projected onto the same arc. When doing this, the arc should be calculated first. The coordinates of the center of the circle and arc The coordinates of the center of the circle And then find With arc intersection and .if The existence, location, and nearest distance are determined as follows: 1) When , and All values ​​are greater than 0, the orientation is to the left, and the minimum distance is... ;2) When , and All values ​​are less than 0, the orientation is to the right, and the minimum distance is... 3) In other cases, the orientation is through, and the minimum distance is 0.

[0080] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S104 involves: counting the number of buildings, starting and ending station numbers, nearest distance, and curve radius of each sensitive point. Following step S103, the station number, distance, and curvature corresponding to each point within the sensitive point are calculated. Therefore, the mileage range can be obtained by finding the minimum and maximum values, the nearest distance can be obtained by finding the minimum value, and the minimum curve radius can be obtained by finding the maximum value.

[0081] Example 1: Quickly locate the point of chain breakage

[0082] The information about the broken link includes the coordinates of the broken link. and corresponding mileage Therefore, its approximate location can be quickly determined using its mileage. Assuming that its location can be quickly determined based on the mileage of the link break point and the actual cumulative mileage of the route, it can be located... and between.

[0083] when In this case, there is no optimal arc, and the position of the broken link point has been roughly determined. The broken link point can be determined directly by judging the value of . Whether the broken link point is located between and . When , ; when , .

[0084] Example 2: Quickly positioning the position corresponding to the sensitive point

[0085] Except for a few sensitive points before the starting point and after the ending point, most sensitive points are located on both sides of the line, that is, there are vertical projection points on the line. However, the engineering line is often not straight, and any point outside the line can have multiple vertical projections on the line (as shown in Figure 8 ), and if the wrong position is selected, the spatial position of the sensitive point cannot be accurately reflected. This problem can be solved by the traversal method. However, in actual engineering, the length of the transition curve segment accounts for more than 50% of the line, and for a 20-kilometer project, the number of vertices often exceeds ten thousand, and the use of the traversal method requires a large amount of time.

[0086] The sensitive point can be extended to a certain range outside, forming a rectangular frame (as shown in Figure 8 ), and is obtained. When and , it is indicated that the sensitive point is also located in the evaluation range of the line segment. Convergence can be achieved by converging from the starting point and the ending point to the middle value, and the step length can be greater than 1, so that faster convergence can be achieved.

[0087] The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not limited thereto; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples can still be modified, or some technical features can be replaced by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A statistical method for calculating the mileage and distance corresponding to linear engineering sensitive points, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step S101: Based on the text coordinates and text content within the building, create layers and generate closed polylines for rapid building modeling; Step S102: Read the planar data of the line centerline and sensitive points, convert the line centerline into a matrix form containing the coordinates, convexity, corresponding station number and curvature of each point, and convert the sensitive point data into a matrix form containing coordinates and radius; Step S103: Calculate the projection relationship between the sensitive point and the center line of the line to determine the mileage range, orientation relationship, minimum distance and curve radius of the sensitive point; Step S104: Based on the calculation results of step S103, count the number of buildings, start and end station numbers, nearest distance and curve radius of each sensitive point; The calculation and statistical analysis of the mileage and corresponding circular curve radius of the sensitive points include: Expand the N×3 matrix to N×5, with curvature As a parameter, denoted as curvature equal to the reciprocal of the radius ; The corresponding station number for each vertex ,coordinate ,coordinate convexity and curvature ; Given the starting point pile Or broken chainage marker Then, the station number for each subsequent point is calculated using the following formula: Straight line segment: curvature ; Circular curve segment: The curvature is the reciprocal of the curve radius, and it passes through the convexity. chord length Find it; Transition curve segment: 1) The transition curves commonly used for highways and ramps are spirals, which are polylines composed of multiple circular arcs; the curvature at each point is determined by the convexity. 2) The transition curves commonly used on railways are cubic parabolic curves, which are polylines composed of multiple straight lines. The curvature is determined by the coordinates of two adjacent points. 。 2. The method for calculating and statistically analyzing the mileage and distance corresponding to linear engineering sensitive points according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps of step S101 are as follows: Topographic maps include road edges, ground elevations, building and river graphics and text. Buildings are represented by closed areas, and the text inside indicates their structure and number of floors. To create a region or polyline from a closed area using the BOUNDARY command built into CAD: Select the text inside the building; within this layer, use the text's insertion point coordinates as the pick point for BOUNDARY to create a closed polyline; By isolating layers, you can select and adjust the elevation of polylines in batches to quickly model buildings.

3. The method for calculating and statistically analyzing the mileage and distance corresponding to linear engineering sensitive points according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S102 also includes preprocessing of the line centerline data: Merge the centerlines of the lines into a single lightweight polyline, that is, an unclosed polyline with N vertices, denoted as . Where 1≤i≤N; When the order of the vertices of a polyline is opposite to the direction of mileage increase, use the Pedit command to change the direction; Alternatively, the direction of the line can be reversed using the following formula: when Sometimes, , , .

4. The method for calculating and statistically analyzing the mileage and distance corresponding to linear engineering sensitive points according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S102, when a superior arc exists in the line, that is... By inserting the midpoint of the arc The method transforms the line into two minor arcs, as shown in the following formula: 。 5. The method for calculating and statistically analyzing the mileage and distance corresponding to linear engineering sensitive points according to claim 4, characterized in that, When a chainage break occurs, subsequent chainages should be recalculated starting from the mileage after the chainage break. Insert a break point within the existing multi-segment line. The stationing calculation for subsequent vertices begins from this point; Within a straight line segment, the break point is directly inserted, and there is... Within the arc segment, after inserting the break point, the curve radius remains unchanged; recalculate. and ,have: 。 6. The method for calculating and statistically analyzing the mileage and distance corresponding to linear engineering sensitive points according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preprocessing of the sensitive point data specifically involves: Convert the data of sensitive points into a unified N×3 format; If the sensitive points are points, insertions, and circles, then it is converted into a 1×3 matrix, denoted as . , which are the X value, Y value, and radius, respectively; If the sensitive points are lines and arcs, then convert them into a 2×3 matrix, denoted as . ; For a straight line, we have ; For a circular arc, given the coordinates of the center... ,radius Starting point angle and endpoint angle Then, the conversion is performed using the following formula: Where mod is the modulo function, that is, when converting from an arc to a polyline, we have ; Lightweight polylines are M×3 matrices ( When it is a closed polyline, the data is converted into an open polyline by adding a line at the end.

7. The method for calculating and statistically analyzing the mileage and distance corresponding to linear engineering sensitive points according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S103: Sensitive points are either dots or circles, denoted as... When the vertical projection corresponding to the center A of the circle is a straight line When, the projection point is denoted as At that time, the following conditions are met: in, and These are the length and height of the projection, respectively; When the vertical projection corresponding to the center A of the circle is an arc At that time, the following conditions are met: in, For arc The corresponding center coordinates; Sensitive points The corresponding station range is: The determination of direction and closest distance is as follows: 1) When At that time, the orientation is to the left, and the minimum distance is ;2) When At that time, the orientation is to the right, and the minimum distance is ;3) When At that time, the orientation is crossing, and the minimum distance is 0.

8. The method for calculating and statistically analyzing the mileage and distance corresponding to linear engineering sensitive points according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S103, when the sensitive point is a polyline: The corresponding station number range is determined by finding the station number corresponding to each point. The methods for determining the orientation relationship and minimum distance are as follows: A) When the straight line The projections of the two points lie on the same straight line. When, the location and closest distance are determined as follows: 1) When At that time, the orientation is to the left, and the minimum distance is ;2) When At that time, the orientation is to the right, and the minimum distance is ;3) When At that time, the orientation is crossing, and the minimum distance is 0; B) When the straight line The two points are projected onto the same arc. hour: First find the arc The coordinates of the center of the circle Then determine its line segment Is there a projection on the surface? If so, calculate its coordinates. and find ;if If it does not exist, the location and distance determination are the same as in A); The existence, location, and nearest distance are determined as follows: 1) When , and All values ​​are greater than 0, the orientation is to the left, and the minimum distance is... ;2) When , and All values ​​are less than 0, the orientation is to the right, and the minimum distance is... 3) In other cases, the orientation is through, and the minimum distance is 0; C) When the arc The projections of the two points lie on the same straight line. hour: First find the arc The coordinates of the center of the circle Then judge Its online segment Is there a projection on the surface? If so, calculate its coordinates. At this point, make another judgment. In the arc Is there a projection on the surface? If so, calculate its coordinates. and find ;if The existence, location, and nearest distance are determined as follows: 1) When , and All values ​​are greater than 0, the orientation is to the left, and the minimum distance is... ;2) When , and All values ​​are less than 0, the orientation is to the right, and the minimum distance is... 3) In other cases, the orientation is through, and the minimum distance is 0; D) When the arc The two points are projected onto the same arc. hour: First find the arc The coordinates of the center of the circle and arc The coordinates of the center of the circle And then find With arc intersection and ;if The existence, location, and nearest distance are determined as follows: 1) When , and All values ​​are greater than 0, the orientation is to the left, and the minimum distance is... ;2) When , and All values ​​are less than 0, the orientation is to the right, and the minimum distance is... 3) In other cases, the orientation is through, and the minimum distance is 0.

9. The method for calculating and statistically analyzing the mileage and distance corresponding to linear engineering sensitive points according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S104 specifically involves: Calculate the number of buildings, start and end station numbers, nearest distance, and curve radius for each sensitive point; After step S103, the station number, distance, and curvature corresponding to each point within the sensitive point are calculated; The mileage range is obtained by finding the minimum and maximum values, the shortest distance is obtained by finding the minimum value, and the minimum curve radius is obtained by finding the maximum value.

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