Downhole high power laser tool for subterranean applications

Abstract

In one aspect, a downhole laser tool includes a laser unit (302) including a laser that generates a laser beam in a downhole environment of a well; a first section (304) comprising one or more lenses (313) of the first section, a first retractable reflector (316), and a first aperture (314), where the one or more lenses (313) of the first section and the first retractable reflector (316) direct the laser beam to the first aperture (314), the first aperture passing the laser beam to the downhole environment; and a first rotary joint (306) disposed between the laser unit (302) and the first segment (304), the first rotary joint connecting the laser unit to the first segment and rotating the first segment. The laser unit (302), the first rotary joint (306) and the first section (304) are arranged longitudinally along the well. During operation of the downhole laser tool, the laser unit (302), the first rotary joint (306), and the first section (304) travel as a one-piece tool in a downhole environment.

Description

Background Technology

[0001] Hydrocarbon fluids are typically found in hydrocarbon reservoirs within porous rock formations located below the Earth's surface. Wells are drilled into the reservoir to access and extract the hydrocarbon fluids. High-power lasers can be used in downhole applications such as maximizing hydrocarbon recovery, heating, troubleshooting, processing, production enhancement, perforation, and drilling. However, there are several challenges to using high-power lasers in downhole applications. One challenge is the power loss from the laser source to the tool operating below the surface. Another challenge is that different laser tools may need to be replaced for different applications below the surface. Summary of the Invention

[0002] This summary is provided to introduce a series of concepts that will be further described in the following detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to help limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0003] According to one or more embodiments, this disclosure provides a downhole laser tool comprising: a laser unit including a laser that generates a laser beam in the downhole environment of a well; a first segment including one or more lenses, a first retractable reflector, and a first aperture; and a first rotary joint disposed between the laser unit and the first segment, the first rotary joint connecting the laser unit to the first segment and rotating the first segment. One or more lenses and the first retractable reflector of the first segment guide the laser beam to the first aperture, the first aperture transmitting the laser beam to the downhole environment. The laser unit, the first rotary joint, and the first segment are arranged longitudinally along the well. During operation of the downhole laser tool, the laser unit, the first rotary joint, and the first segment travel as a single integrated tool in the downhole environment. In one or more embodiments, the downhole laser tool can be configured as an all-in-one tool for different applications in a single operation. This can save operating time and costs because it eliminates tool changes and adjustments for each specific application.

[0004] In another aspect, according to one or more embodiments, this disclosure also provides a method for operating a downhole laser tool. The method includes: lowering the downhole laser tool into the downhole environment of a well; activating a laser unit including a laser that emits a laser beam; guiding the laser beam through a first segment using one or more lenses of a first segment of the downhole laser tool and a first retractable reflector of the first segment; controlling the extension and retraction of the first retractable reflector to guide the laser beam to a first aperture in the first segment, the first aperture transmitting the laser beam to the downhole environment; controlling the rotation of a first rotary joint disposed between the laser unit and the first segment, the first rotary joint connecting the laser unit to the first segment and rotating the first aperture; and injecting fluid to the outside of the first aperture to remove debris from the first aperture. During the lowering of the downhole laser tool into the downhole environment, the laser unit, the first rotary joint, and the first segment are arranged longitudinally along the well. During operation of the downhole laser tool, the laser unit, the first rotary joint, and the first segment travel as a single integrated tool in the downhole environment.

[0005] Other aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the appended claims. Attached Figure Description

[0006] Specific embodiments of the disclosed technology will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. For consistency, similar elements in the various drawings are indicated by similar reference numerals. The dimensions and relative positions of elements in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the shapes and angles of various elements are not necessarily drawn to scale, and some of these elements may be arbitrarily enlarged and positioned to improve the readability of the drawings. Furthermore, the specific shapes of the drawn elements are not necessarily intended to convey any information about the actual shape of these specific elements, but are merely choices made for ease of identification in the drawings.

[0007] Figure 1 Exemplary wells according to one or more embodiments disclosed in this specification are shown.

[0008] Figure 2 This specification illustrates the deployment of downhole laser tools in a well according to one or more embodiments disclosed herein.

[0009] Figure 3 A downhole laser tool according to one or more embodiments disclosed in this specification is shown.

[0010] Figure 4 A first section of a downhole laser tool according to one or more embodiments disclosed in this specification is shown.

[0011] Figure 5A second section of a downhole laser tool according to one or more embodiments disclosed in this specification is shown.

[0012] Figure 6 The third paragraph illustrates a downhole laser tool according to one or more embodiments disclosed in this specification.

[0013] Figure 7A An exemplary application of a first segment of a downhole laser tool according to one or more embodiments disclosed in this specification is shown.

[0014] Figure 7B An exemplary application of the third paragraph of a downhole laser tool according to one or more embodiments disclosed in this specification is shown.

[0015] Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating an operation of a downhole laser tool according to one or more embodiments disclosed in this specification is shown.

[0016] Figure 9 A computer system for operating downhole laser tools according to one or more embodiments disclosed in this specification is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Numerous specific details are set forth in the following detailed description of embodiments of the present disclosure in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the disclosure. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily complicating the description.

[0018] Throughout this disclosure, ordinal numbers (e.g., first, second, third, etc.) may be used as adjectives for elements (i.e., any noun in this application). Unless explicitly disclosed, such as through the use of terms “before,” “after,” “single,” and other such terms, the use of ordinal numbers does not imply or create any particular order of elements, nor does it limit any element to a single element. Rather, the use of ordinal numbers is intended to distinguish between elements. As an example, a first element is distinct from a second element, and a first element may contain more than one element and be listed after (or before) the second element in the order of elements. Furthermore, throughout this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, “or” is interpreted as “and / or.”

[0019] This specification discloses one or more embodiments describing a high-power laser unit integrated with a multi-functional tool, capable of performing various applications within the well. In this disclosure, the laser unit and the multi-functional tool collectively are referred to as a "downhole laser tool." For a better understanding of downhole laser tools, references are made below. Figure 1 An embodiment of an exemplary well is described.

[0020] Figure 1 An exemplary well 100 according to one or more embodiments is shown. Well 100 includes a tree trunk 102, a tubing valve cover 104, a tubing head 106, and a casing head 108 located at a surface location 110, which may be located anywhere on the Earth's surface. The tree trunk 102 has multiple valves that control the production of production fluids (e.g., hydrocarbon fluids) 112 from a production area located below the surface location 110. The valves also allow access to the subsurface portion of well 100.

[0021] Well 100 has three casing strings: a guide casing 114, a surface casing 116, and a production casing 118. The casing strings are made of multiple long, large-diameter tubular components connected together by threads. The components can be made of any durable material known in the art, such as steel. The casing strings are cemented into place within well 100. The casing strings can be fully or partially cemented into place without departing from the scope of this specification.

[0022] From the guide casing 114 to the production casing 118, the outer and inner diameters of each casing string decrease, such that the surface casing 116 is nested within the guide casing 114, and the production casing 118 is nested within the surface casing 116. After well 100 is completed, the inner circumferential surface 120 of the production casing 118 and the space within the production casing 118 constitute the interior of well 100.

[0023] The majority of the lengths of the conduit casing 114, surface casing 116, and production casing 118 lie underground. However, the surface extension of each casing string is housed in a casing head 108, also referred to as the wellhead, located at surface location 110. The surface extension of each casing string may include a casing hanger (not shown) specially engineered to be installed and suspended within the casing head 108. Depending on the number of casing strings, multiple casing heads 108 may be present without departing from the scope of this specification.

[0024] Production tubing 122 is deployed within production casing 118. Production tubing 122 may include multiple pipe fittings connected together and may contain various equipment components, such as manual lifting equipment, packers, etc. The space formed between the outer peripheral surface 124 of production tubing 122 and the inner peripheral surface 120 of production casing 118 is called tubing-casing annulus 126.

[0025] The majority of the length of the production tubing 122 lies within the underground well 100. However, a surface extension of the production tubing 122 is housed in a tubing head 106, which is mounted atop a casing head 108. This surface extension may include a tubing hanger (not shown), specially machined to be installed and suspended within the tubing head 106. The tree trunk 102 is connected to the top of the tubing head 106 using a tubing valve cover 104. The tubing valve cover 104 is an adapter that includes one or more seals (not shown).

[0026] According to one or more embodiments, the production casing 118 may include a portion made of slotted casing or screen pipe, allowing production fluid to flow from the formation into the production casing 118. In other embodiments, the production casing 118 may include a perforation made through the production casing 118, cement, and wellbore to provide a path for production fluid 112 to flow from the production zone into the interior of the well 100.

[0027] Production fluid 112 can travel from inside the well 100 to surface location 110 via production tubing 122. A pipeline (not shown) can be connected to the tree 102 to deliver production fluid 112 out of the well 100. Figure 1 The well 100 shown is an example of a well 100 and is not intended to be limiting. The scope of this disclosure covers any well 100 design having at least one casing string. Furthermore, the well 100 may have other variations with surface equipment without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0028] Downhole laser tools according to one or more embodiments can be used for a variety of applications within wells. These applications may include, but are not limited to, drilling, well sidewall perforation, casing treatment, sealing, heating, and reservoir enhancement. For downhole laser tools, according to one or more embodiments, commercially available high-power compact lasers, such as direct diode lasers, can be used. Direct diode lasers are characterized by high efficiency, small size, and light weight. Some commercially available high-power direct diode lasers can produce laser power up to 10 kilowatts (kW), which is sufficiently high for several subsurface applications described below according to one or more embodiments. According to one or more embodiments, by integrating a high-power laser tool into a downhole laser tool, laser power loss can be minimized. In one or more embodiments, by integrating a 10 kW high-power laser, laser power to subsurface targets can approach 10 kW. Tables 1 and 2 below show examples of direct diode lasers with linear and circular beams (which are two shapes of laser beams, respectively).

[0029] Table 1:

[0030]

[0031] Table 2:

[0032]

[0033] Specifically, Table 1 represents high-power lasers manufactured by Coherent Laser. These lasers have different powers, ranging from 4kW to 10kW. The beams of these lasers are straight, with lengths ranging from 6mm to 36mm and widths ranging from 1mm to 12mm. Table 2 represents high-power lasers manufactured by Hamamatsu, with powers up to 4kW and circular beams, with dimensions as described in Table 2. In one or more embodiments, one or any of these lasers can be integrated into a downhole laser tool described below according to one or more embodiments. According to one or more embodiments, the shape of the laser beam can be selected based on the specific application of the downhole laser tool. For example, a straight laser beam can be used for cutting casing. In another example, a circular laser beam can be used for drilling, perforation, heating, or casing cutting.

[0034] Figure 2 A downhole laser tool 200 is deployed in a downhole environment 214 of a well according to one or more embodiments. The downhole laser tool 200 may be compact and lightweight enough to be lowered into the downhole environment 214 via coiled tubing or any other means, such as by using a mobile reel. The coiled tubing may be transported and distributed into the downhole environment 214 by a supply vehicle. The supply vehicle may include a generator to generate sufficient power to power the downhole laser tool 200. The supply vehicle may also supply fluid (gas or liquid) to the clean hose / nozzle of the downhole laser tool, which will be further described in one or more embodiments below. This fluid may be supplied to the downhole laser tool from a surface supply source using coiled tubing. In one example, the fluid may be nitrogen. A power cable 216 may be connected to the downhole laser tool 200 to supply power to the downhole laser tool. The power cable 216 may be fitted with a housing or shield to protect the power cable 216 within the downhole environment 214. The outer sheath of the power cable 216 can be made of any commercially available material to protect the power cable 214 from high temperature, high pressure or intrusion of fluid / gas / particles.

[0035] Figure 2The downhole laser tool 200 shown includes a laser unit 202. The laser unit 202 includes a laser, which may be, for example, a direct diode laser described above with reference to Tables 1 or 2. The downhole laser tool 200 also includes a first rotary joint 206, a first segment 204, a second rotary joint 208, a second segment 210, and a third segment 212. The first rotary joint 206 is disposed between the laser unit 202 and the first segment 204, and connects the laser unit 202 to the first segment 204. The first rotary joint 206 enables the first segment 204 to rotate about its longitudinal axis. The second rotary joint 208 enables the second segment 210 to rotate about its longitudinal axis. The laser unit 202, the first rotary joint 206, the first segment 204, the second rotary joint 208, the second segment 210, and the third segment 212 are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the well. During operation of the downhole laser tool 200, the laser unit 202, the first rotary joint 206, the first segment 204, the second rotary joint 208, the second segment 210, and the third segment 212 travel as a single integrated tool within the downhole environment 214. According to one or more embodiments, the size of the downhole laser tool 200 can range from 5 cm to 18 cm (2 inches to 7 inches) in diameter and larger. A downhole laser tool 200 with a diameter of 5 cm (2 inches) is sufficiently lightweight for easy carrying and hand-held operation.

[0036] According to one or more embodiments, the first segment 204 may be a perforation segment or tunneling segment, capable of creating perforations or holes in the sidewall of the downhole environment 214 by emitting a laser beam from the laser unit 202 onto the sidewall of the downhole environment 214. A first rotary joint 206 can control the rotation of the first segment 204 to control the radial orientation of the laser beam emitted by the first segment 204 on the sidewall of the downhole environment 214, for example, for creating perforations. The rotation of the first segment 204 can be controlled, for example, by rotating 360 degrees. In one or more embodiments, the second segment 210 may be a heating segment capable of heating the sidewall of the downhole environment 214. This heating can be applied, for example, to casing treatment or hydrocarbon flow enhancement. A second rotary joint 208 can control the rotation of the second segment 210 to control the radial orientation of the laser beam emitted by the second segment 210 on the sidewall of the downhole environment 214, for example, for heating the sidewall. The rotation of the second segment 210 can be controlled, for example, by rotating 360 degrees. Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, the third segment 212 may be, for example, a drilling segment capable of firing a laser beam downwards in a downhole environment 214 to drill and to further move the downhole laser tool 200 in the well.

[0037] In one or more embodiments, a rotary joint is a mechanical device for mechanically rotating two joints and is powered by electricity or hydraulic power. The rotary joint may include shafts, seals, and bearings that rotate with the rotating parts. The rotary joint can be connected to the laser unit, tunneling section, and heating section by bolting to other sections. Furthermore, each rotating section rotates independently.

[0038] In one or more embodiments, the order of the first segment 204 and the second segment 210 can be interchanged. In other words, the second segment 210 can be arranged after the laser unit 202 and before the first segment 204.

[0039] Figure 3 Components of a downhole laser tool 300 according to one or more embodiments are further described. The laser unit 302 of the downhole laser tool 300 can operate as an in-situ laser tool within a downhole environment. The laser unit 302 includes a laser 322. The laser 322 can be, for example, the laser described above with reference to Table 1 or Table 2. The laser 322 generates and emits a laser beam. The laser unit 302 is attached to a first rotary joint 306, which rotates a first segment 304 relative to the laser unit 302. The first segment 304 includes optics, such as a lens 313 and a first retractable reflector 316, to guide the laser beam into a first aperture 314 of the first segment 304. A second segment 310 is connected to a second directional joint 308, which enables the second segment 310 to rotate relative to the first segment 304 or the laser unit 302. The second segment 310 also includes optics such as a second retractable reflector 318 to guide the laser beam into a second aperture 328 of the second segment 310. The third segment 312 is disposed at the longitudinal end of the downhole laser tool 300. The third segment 312 includes optics, such as a lens 320, to guide the laser beam into a third aperture 324. The optics of the first, second, and third segments can be mounted on one or more optical supports. For example, as... Figure 3 As shown, the optical components of the first, second, and third segments are mounted on the optical bracket 326. The optical bracket 326 may serve as a housing for the optical components and may be a different color for identification during repair or maintenance.

[0040] Reference Figures 4 to 6 Examples of the first, second, and third paragraphs according to one or more embodiments are described below.

[0041] Figure 4 An example of a first segment according to one or more embodiments is shown. As described above, the first segment can be used to create a perforation in the sidewall of a downhole environment. In one example, the first segment is capable of cutting the casing using a high-power laser beam. Figure 4The first segment shown includes a lens 404, a first retractable reflector 408, and a first aperture 412. The lens 404 and the first retractable reflector 408 of the first segment are capable of guiding a laser beam 402 to the first aperture 412. The lens 404 of the first segment includes a collimator lens 414 to collimate the laser beam 402 and guide it to the first retractable reflector 408. The orientation or position of the first retractable reflector 408 can be controlled via an actuator. The actuator can be electric or hydraulic and is capable of moving the first retractable reflector 408. When the first retractable reflector 408 is positioned in the path of the laser beam 402, the laser beam 402 can be reflected to the first aperture 412. Conversely, when the first retractable reflector 408 is positioned outside the path of the laser beam 402, the laser beam 402 can pass through the first segment and enter a portion of the downhole laser tool after the first segment, such as a second rotary joint, a second segment, or a third segment. The first retractable reflector 408 may be a mirror, beam splitter, or prism. In one or more embodiments, the first retractable reflector 408 may shape the laser beam 402 based on the specific application of the laser beam 402 to adjust the spatial dimensions of the laser beam 402 at the sidewall of the downhole environment. For example, the first retractable reflector 408 may make the laser beam 402 narrow enough to concentrate the energy of the laser beam 402 in a small space, such as for creating tunnels or perforations in the sidewall of the downhole environment.

[0042] The first aperture 412 includes a first cover lens 410 that covers and protects the first aperture 412 and transmits the laser beam 402 through the first aperture 412 to the downhole environment. The first cover lens 410 prevents debris that may fall backward into the first section. In one or more embodiments, the first cover lens 410 may simply be a transparent cover that does not alter the shape of the laser beam 402. Alternatively, the first cover lens 410 may be a magnifying / reducing lens capable of altering the shape of the laser beam 402.

[0043] The first aperture 412 also includes a first cleaning hose 406 that sprays fluid to the outside of the first aperture 412 to remove debris from the aperture. The fluid can also cool components of the first section, such as the first protective lens 410 and the first aperture 412. The fluid can also operate around the laser unit described above to cool the laser. The fluid can be, for example, a gas or liquid that can be supplied by a supply vehicle. In one or more embodiments, the first cleaning hose 406 is arranged around the first protective lens 410 to remove debris from the outer surface of the first protective lens 410. In one or more embodiments, the first cleaning hose 406 includes a plurality of nozzles. The plurality of nozzles can be arranged around the protective lens 410. For example, in Figure 4In the first cleaning hose 406, there are two nozzles surrounding the first protective lens 410.

[0044] In one or more embodiments, optical lenses and reflectors are used to guide the laser beam vertically from the borehole section or horizontally from the perforation / tunneling section or the heating section. Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, the laser beam can also be tilted by tilting the tool or rotating section to form a deviated wellbore from the vertical wellbore.

[0045] Figure 5 An example of a second segment according to one or more embodiments is shown. As described above, the second segment can be used to heat the sidewalls of a downhole environment, for example, for handling casing. Figure 5 The second segment shown includes a lens 504, a second retractable reflector 508, and a second aperture 512. The lens 504 and the second retractable reflector 508 guide the laser beam 502 into the second aperture 512. The lens 504 includes a collimator lens 514 to collimate the laser beam 502 and guide it to the second retractable reflector 508. The orientation or position of the second retractable reflector 508 can be controlled via an actuator. The actuator can be electric or hydraulic. When the second retractable reflector 508 is positioned in the path of the laser beam 502, the laser beam 502 can be reflected into the second aperture 512. Conversely, when the second retractable reflector 508 is positioned outside the path of the laser beam 502, the laser beam 502 can pass through the second segment and enter a portion of the downhole laser tool after the second segment, such as the third segment. The second retractable reflector 508 can be a mirror, a beam splitter, or a prism. In one or more embodiments, the second retractable reflector can shape the laser beam 502 based on the specific application of the laser beam 502 to adjust its spatial dimensions at the sidewall of the downhole environment. For example, the second retractable reflector can make the laser beam 502 spatially wide enough, for example, for heating and processing casing. Alternatively, the second retractable reflector 508 may not shape the laser beam 502, such as... Figure 5 As shown.

[0046] The second aperture 512 includes a second protective lens 510 that covers and protects the second aperture 512 and allows the laser beam 502 to pass through the second aperture 512 into the downhole environment. The second protective lens 510 prevents debris that may fall backward into the second section. In one or more embodiments, the second protective lens may simply be a transparent cover that does not alter the shape of the laser beam 502. Alternatively, the second protective lens 510 may be a magnifying / reducing lens capable of altering the shape of the laser beam 502, such as spatially widening the laser beam 502, as... Figure 5As shown. In one example, the laser beam at the target area can be widened to a diameter of 5 cm to 51 cm (2 inches to 20 inches), for example, for heating. The spatial dimensions of the laser beam in the target area can be controlled by the size of the optics in any part of the downhole laser tool and the relative distance between the optics.

[0047] The second hole 512 also includes a second cleaning hose 506 that sprays fluid onto the outside of the second hole 512 to remove debris from the second hole. The fluid can also cool components of the second section, such as the second protective lens 510 and the second hole 512. This fluid can be used in conjunction with the fluid described above. Figure 4 The first cleaning hose 406 described sprays the same fluid. In one or more embodiments, a second cleaning hose 506 is arranged around a second protective lens 510 to sweep debris away from the outer surface of the second protective lens 510. In one or more embodiments, the second cleaning hose 506 includes a plurality of nozzles. The plurality of nozzles of the second cleaning hose may be arranged around the protective lens 510. For example, in Figure 5 In the second cleaning hose 506, there are two nozzles surrounding the second protective lens 510.

[0048] Figure 5 The second segment shown spatially widens the laser beam 502 to heat a larger area within the target region. This heating has various applications, such as fracturing, casing treatment, and clay treatment. The size of the area that can be heated by the heating segment depends on the lens size, which is adjustable and can range from 2 inches to over 20 inches. Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, the user can control the size of the output beam generated in the heating segment by controlling the lens size and can adjust the lens position back and forth.

[0049] Figure 6 An example of a third segment 600 coupled to the second segment 601 according to one or more embodiments is shown. As described above, the third segment 600 can be used for drilling. (Refer to above) Figure 5 As described, the second segment 601 includes a second segment lens 604 and a second retractable reflector 608. The second segment lens 604 includes a collimator lens 614 for collimating the laser beam 602 and a focusing lens 605 for focusing the laser beam 602. Figure 6 The third segment 600 shown in the diagram spatially adjusts the size of the laser beam 602 at the target location at the third aperture 612 of the third segment 600. When the first retractable reflector (e.g.) Figure 4When the second retractable reflector 608 (408) and the second retractable reflector 608 are retracted, the lens 604 of the second segment guides the laser beam 602 to the lens 610 and the third aperture 612 of the third segment. In one or more embodiments, the third segment may include more optics, such as more lenses or mirrors, to guide and shape the laser beam 602 based on the specific function or application of the third segment 600.

[0050] In one or more embodiments, the lens 610 of the third segment 600 may be a protective lens that covers and protects the third aperture 612 and allows the laser beam 602 to pass through the third aperture 612 into the downhole environment. The protective lens of the third segment prevents debris that may fall backward into the third segment 600. In one or more embodiments, the protective lens of the third segment may simply be a transparent cover that does not alter the shape of the laser beam 602. In this case, another lens may be present in the third segment before the protective lens, which shapes the laser beam 602. Alternatively, the protective lens may be a magnifying / reducing lens capable of altering the shape of the laser beam 602 (e.g., spatially widening the laser beam 602), such as... Figure 6 The third segment 600 is shown as lens 610.

[0051] The third segment 600 also includes a third cleaning hose 606 that sprays fluid onto the outside of the third hole 612 to remove debris from the third hole. The fluid can also cool components of the third segment, such as the protective lens and the third hole 612. The fluid can be used in conjunction with the fluid described above. Figure 4 The first cleaning hose 406 described sprays the same fluid. In one or more embodiments, a third cleaning hose 606 is arranged around the protective lens of the third segment to sweep debris away from the outer surface of the protective lens of the third segment. In one or more embodiments, the third cleaning hose 606 is coaxial with the lens of the third segment and sprays fluid coaxially with the protective lens of the third segment. In one or more embodiments, the third cleaning hose 606 includes a plurality of nozzles 607 arranged coaxially with the protective lens of the third segment on the third cleaning hose 606. Coaxial cleaning can generate a high-pressure fluid flow in the same direction as the laser beam emission at the third aperture 612. Coaxial cleaning is a gas / fluid conduit connected from the ground, through which gas and fluid travel to the target, clearing the beam path and removing debris.

[0052] In one or more embodiments, the movable components of the downhole laser tool (e.g., a first rotary joint and a second rotary joint, an actuator for controlling the position of the first and second retractable reflectors, and an optical support) can be controlled and moved by an electric or hydraulic system.

[0053] In view of the foregoing, the downhole laser tool described according to one or more embodiments of this disclosure is a multi-functional tool that can: improve reservoir stimulation volume; improve perforation; drill in any direction and in any formation; perform fracturing using heat instead of water; create controlled clean holes; treat casing or clay; or apply heat treatment to improve flow and production. In one example, heat treatment can be used to reduce the viscosity of the oil for better flow and easier extraction from the reservoir. Furthermore, the downhole laser tool described according to one or more embodiments of this specification can be cost-effective, have a small carbon footprint, and exhibit low emissions. Moreover, the downhole laser tool can operate at any depth, and power loss may not be an issue.

[0054] Figure 7A and Figure 7B Examples of applications of downhole laser tools according to one or more embodiments disclosed in this specification are shown. Specifically, Figure 7A The image shows a perforation created in a concrete block by the first section of a downhole laser tool. Figure 7B The image shows a large hole drilled in a concrete block using the third section of a downhole laser tool.

[0055] Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating an operation of a downhole laser tool according to one or more embodiments is shown. In one or more embodiments, details may be omitted, repeated, and / or used in conjunction with... Figure 8 The different sequences shown are executed sequentially. Figure 8 One or more steps are shown. Therefore, the scope of the invention should not be considered limited to... Figure 8 The specific arrangement of the steps shown is explained below. Figure 8 The steps are shown.

[0056] In step 800, the downhole laser tool is lowered into the downhole environment of the well. An example of this step is shown above. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The following has been described. In step 805, the laser unit of the downhole laser tool is activated. The laser unit includes a laser that emits a laser beam. An example of a laser unit is referred to above. Figure 3 The following are described in Tables 1 and 2.

[0057] In step 810, the laser beam is guided through the first section of the downhole laser tool using one or more lenses of the first section and the first retractable reflector of the first section. Some examples of this step are referenced above. Figure 4 The description is as follows. In step 815, the extension and retraction of the first retractable reflector are controlled to guide the laser beam to the first aperture of the first segment, which transmits the laser beam to the downhole environment. Some examples of this step are referenced above. Figure 4The first retractable reflector 408 shown is described. In step 820, rotation of a first rotary joint arranged between the laser unit and the first segment, which connects the laser unit to the first segment and rotates the first aperture, is controlled. Some examples of this step are referenced above. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The first rotary joints 206 and 306 shown are described. In step 825, the laser beam is directed through the first hole and emitted onto the first sidewall of the downhole environment. Some examples of this step are shown above with reference to [reference needed]. Figure 4 The emission of the laser beam 402 through the first aperture 412 is described. In step 830, fluid is injected onto the outside of the first aperture to sweep debris away from it. Some examples of this step are referenced above. Figure 4 The first cleaning hose 406 shown is described.

[0058] In step 835, the laser beam is guided through the second section of the downhole laser tool using one or more lenses of the second section and the second retractable reflector of the second section. Some examples of this step are referenced above. Figure 3 and Figure 5 The second section is described below. In step 840, the extension and retraction of the second retractable reflector are controlled to guide the laser beam to the second aperture of the second section, which transmits the laser beam to the downhole environment. Some examples of this step are referenced above. Figure 5 The second retractable reflector 508 is described as shown. In step 845, the laser beam is directed through the second aperture and emitted onto the second sidewall of the downhole environment. Some examples of this step are referenced above. Figure 5 The emission of the laser beam 502 through the second aperture 512 is described. In step 850, fluid is injected onto the outside of the second aperture to sweep debris away from it. Some examples of this step are referenced above. Figure 5 The second cleaning hose 506 shown is described. In step 855, rotation of a second rotary joint disposed between the first and second sections, which connects the first and second sections and rotates the second hole, is controlled. Some examples of this step are shown above with reference to [reference needed]. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The second rotary joints 208 and 308 shown are described.

[0059] In step 860, the laser beam is guided through the third section of the downhole laser tool using a lens in the third section. The lens in the third section guides the laser beam to the third hole of the third section located at the longitudinal end of the downhole laser tool. Some examples of this step are referenced above. Figure 6 The third section 600 is described as shown. In step 865, a laser beam is emitted through the third hole to drill into the downhole environment. Some examples of this step are referenced above. Figure 6 The description is as follows. In step 870, fluid is injected onto the outside of the third hole to sweep debris away from it. Some examples of this step are referenced above. Figure 6 The third cleaning hose 606 shown is described.

[0060] In one or more embodiments, based on the steps described above, a downhole laser tool can be operated to emit a laser beam through any one of a first, second, or third borehole for a specific application. For example, referring to step 825, the downhole laser tool can be operated to emit a laser beam through the first borehole onto a first sidewall of the downhole environment, thereby forming a perforation in the first sidewall. In another example, referring to step 845, the downhole laser tool can be operated to emit a laser beam through the second borehole onto a second sidewall of the downhole environment, thereby heating the second sidewall for processing or production enhancement. In yet another example, referring to step 865, the downhole laser tool can be operated to emit a laser beam through a third borehole to drill into the downhole environment and allow the downhole laser tool to move further within the well.

[0061] In one or more embodiments, during the step of lowering the downhole laser tool into the downhole environment, the laser unit, the first rotary joint, the first segment, the second rotary joint, the second segment, and the third segment are arranged longitudinally along the well. Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, during the operation of the downhole laser tool, the laser unit, the first rotary joint, the first segment, the second rotary joint, the second segment, and the third segment travel as a single integrated tool within the downhole environment.

[0062] This specification discloses one or more embodiments for operating downhole laser tools (e.g., see reference 1). Figure 8 This can be implemented on virtually any type of computer system, regardless of the platform used. The computer system can have programs or algorithms to control the functionality / operation of the downhole laser tools described in the above embodiments. For example, the computer system can be one or more mobile devices (e.g., laptops, smartphones, personal digital assistants, tablets, or other mobile devices), desktop computers, servers, blades in server chassis, or any other type of computer system that includes at least the minimum processing power, memory, and input and output devices for performing one or more embodiments of the invention.

[0063] Reference Figure 9 Examples of computer systems according to one or more embodiments are described. Figure 9This is a block diagram of a computer system for providing computing functions according to a specific embodiment, the computing functions being associated with algorithms, methods, functions, processes, flows, and programs as described in this disclosure. The computer 902 shown in the computer system is intended to encompass any computing device, such as a server, desktop computer, laptop / notebook computer, wireless data port, smartphone, personal data assistant (PDA), tablet computing device, one or more processors within these devices, or any other suitable processing device, including physical or virtual instances (or both) of the computing device. Additionally, computer 902 may include: input devices, such as a keypad, keyboard, touchscreen, or other devices capable of accepting user information; and output devices that transmit information associated with the operation of computer 902, including digital data, visual or audio information (or a combination of information); or a GUI.

[0064] Computer 902 may function as a client, network component, server, database, or other persistent device, or any other component (or combination of roles) in a computer system for performing the subject matter described in this disclosure. The illustrated computer 902 is communicatively coupled to network 930. In some embodiments, one or more components of computer 902 may be configured to operate within an environment including a cloud-based environment, a local environment, a global environment, or other environments (or combinations thereof).

[0065] At a higher level, computer 902 is an electronic computing device operable to receive, transmit, process, store, or manage data and information associated with the described subject. According to some embodiments, computer 902 may also include, or be communicatively coupled to, application servers, email servers, web servers, cache servers, streaming media data servers, business intelligence (BI) servers, or other servers (or combinations thereof).

[0066] Computer 902 may receive requests from client applications (e.g., executing on another computer 902) via network 930 and respond to the requests by processing the received requests in a suitable software application. Additionally, requests may also be sent to computer 902 from internal users (e.g., from a command console or via other suitable access methods), external or third parties, other automated applications, and any other suitable entity, individual, system, or computer.

[0067] Each component of computer 902 can communicate using system bus 903. In some specific embodiments, any or all components (hardware or software (or a combination of hardware and software)) of computer 902 can interact with each other or with interface 904 (or a combination of both) on system bus 903 using application programming interface (API) 912 or service layer 913 (or a combination of API 912 and service layer 913). API 912 may include descriptions of routines, data structures, and object classes. API 912 may be independent of or dependent on a computer language and refers to a complete interface, a single function, or even a set of APIs. Service layer 913 provides software services to computer 902 or other components (whether shown or not) communicatively coupled to computer 902. The functionality of computer 902 is accessible to all service consumers using service layer 913. Software services (such as those provided by service layer 913) provide reusable, defined business functions through defined interfaces. For example, the interface may be software written in JAVA, C++, Python, or another suitable language that provides data in Extensible Markup Language (XML) format or other suitable formats. Although shown as an integrated component of computer 902, alternative implementations may show API 912 or service layer 913 as a separate component relative to or communicatively coupled to other components of computer 902 (whether shown or not). Furthermore, any or all portions of API 912 or service layer 913 may be implemented as a submodule or sub-module of another software module, enterprise application, or hardware module without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0068] Computer 902 includes interface 904. Although in Figure 9 While shown as a single interface 904, two or more interfaces 904 may be used depending on specific needs, expectations, or a particular implementation of computer 902. Interface 904 is used by computer 902 to communicate with other systems in a distributed environment connected to network 930. Generally, interface 904 includes logic coded in software or hardware (or a combination of software and hardware) and operable to communicate with network 930. More specifically, interface 904 may include software supporting one or more communication protocols associated with the communication, enabling the hardware of network 930 or the interface to operate to transmit physical signals both inside and outside the illustrated computer 902.

[0069] Computer 902 includes at least one computer processor 905. Although in Figure 9The computer processor 905 is shown as a single computer processor 905, but two or more processors may be used depending on specific needs, expectations, or a particular implementation of the computer 902. Generally, the computer processor 905 executes instructions and manipulates data to perform the operations of the computer 902 and any algorithms, methods, functions, processes, flows, and programs as described in this disclosure.

[0070] Computer 902 also includes memory 906, which stores data for computer 902 or other components (or a combination of both) that can be connected to network 930. For example, memory 906 may be a database storing data consistent with this disclosure. In one example, according to one or more embodiments, memory 906 may store programs or algorithms for controlling the operation of components of a downhole laser tool (such as a laser unit, first segment, first rotary joint, second segment, second rotary joint, and third segment). For example, according to one or more embodiments, the program or algorithm may control the operation of the aforementioned laser, optical support, actuator, retractable reflector, and cleaning hose. Although in Figure 9 The memory 906 is shown as a single memory unit, but two or more memories may be used depending on specific needs, expectations, or a particular implementation of the computer 902 and the functions described. Although the memory 906 is shown as an integrated component of the computer 902, in alternative specific implementations, the memory 906 may be external to the computer 902.

[0071] Application 907 is an algorithmic software engine that provides functionality (particularly with respect to the functionality described in this disclosure) for a specific need, expectation, or according to a specific implementation of computer 902. For example, application 907 can be used as one or more components, modules, applications, etc. In one example, according to one or more embodiments, application 907 may include a program or algorithm for controlling the operation of components (such as laser units, first segments, first rotary joints, second segments, second rotary joints, and third segments) of a downhole laser tool. For example, according to one or more embodiments, the program or algorithm can control the operation of the aforementioned laser, optical support, actuator, retractable reflector, and cleaning hose. Furthermore, although shown as a single application 907, application 907 can be implemented as multiple applications 907 on computer 902. Additionally, although shown as integrated with computer 902, in alternative specific embodiments, application 907 may be located outside of computer 902. In one example, refer to... Figure 8 The described method can be implemented using application 907.

[0072] Any number of computers 902 may exist, associated with or outside the computer system containing computer 902, wherein each computer 902 communicates on network 930. Furthermore, the terms "client," "user," and other suitable sets of terms may be used interchangeably where appropriate without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Moreover, this disclosure contemplates that a plurality of users may use one computer 902, or that one user may use multiple computers 902. Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, computer 902 is a non-transitory computer-readable medium (CRM).

[0073] Although only a few exemplary embodiments have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily understand that many modifications can be made to the exemplary embodiments without substantially departing from the invention. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A downhole laser tool, comprising: Laser unit (202, 302), the laser unit includes a laser that generates a laser beam in the downhole environment (214) of the well; The first paragraph (204, 304) includes: One or more lenses (313, 404) in the first segment; First retractable reflector (316, 408); and First hole (314, 412), Wherein, the one or more lenses (313, 404) and the first retractable reflector (316, 408) of the first segment (204, 304) guide the laser beam to the first aperture (314, 412), the first aperture transmitting the laser beam to the downhole environment (214); and A first rotary joint (206, 306) is disposed between the laser unit (202, 302) and the first segment (204, 304), the first rotary joint connecting the laser unit to the first segment and causing the first segment to rotate. The laser units (202, 302), the first rotary joints (206, 306), and the first segments (204, 304) are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the well. During the operation of the downhole laser tool, the laser unit (202, 302), the first rotary joint (206, 306) and the first segment (204, 304) move as an integrated tool in the downhole environment (214).

2. The downhole laser tool according to claim 1 further includes: The second paragraph (210, 310, 601) includes: One or more lenses (504, 604) in the second segment; Second retractable reflector (318, 508, 608); and Second hole (328, 512), The first or second lens and the second retractable reflector (318, 508, 608) of the second segment guide the laser beam to the second aperture (328, 512), which transmits the laser beam to the downhole environment (214).

3. The downhole laser tool according to claim 2 further includes: A second rotary joint (208, 308) is disposed between the first segment and the second segment, which connects the first segment to the second segment and causes the second segment to rotate. The laser units (202, 302), the first rotary joints (206, 306), the first segment (204, 304), the second rotary joints (208, 308), and the second segment (210, 310, 601) are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the well. During the operation of the downhole laser tool, the laser unit (202, 302), the first rotary joint (206, 306), the first segment (204, 304), the second rotary joint (208, 308), and the second segment (210, 310, 601) move as an integrated tool in the downhole environment (214).

4. The downhole laser tool according to claim 2 or 3 further comprises: The third paragraph (212, 312, 600) includes: The lenses (320, 610) in the third segment; and The third aperture (324, 612), located at the longitudinal end of the downhole laser tool, wherein the lenses (320, 610) of the third segment guide the laser beam to the third aperture, and Specifically, the laser beam is emitted through the third hole (324, 612) to drill into the downhole environment.

5. The downhole laser tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, The first segment (204, 304) also includes: A first protective lens (410) protects the first aperture (314, 412) and transmits the laser beam through the first aperture to the downhole environment (214). The first protective lens (410) prevents debris from entering the first section (204, 304); and A first cleaning hose (406) sprays fluid onto the outside of the first holes (314, 412) to remove debris from the first holes.

6. The downhole laser tool according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein, The second segment (210, 310, 601) also includes: A second protective lens (510) protects the second aperture (328, 512) and transmits the laser beam through the second aperture to the downhole environment (214). The second protective lens (510) prevents debris from entering the second section (210, 310, 601); and A second cleaning hose (506) sprays fluid onto the outside of the second hole (328, 512) to remove debris from the second hole.

7. The downhole laser tool according to claim 6, wherein, The second protective lens (510) causes the laser beam to diverge.

8. The downhole laser tool according to claim 4, wherein, The third segment (212, 312, 600) also includes: A third cleaning hose (606) sprays fluid onto the outside of the third hole (612) to remove debris from the third hole.

9. The downhole laser tool according to claim 8, wherein, The third cleaning hose (606) is coaxial with the lens of the third segment (212, 312, 600) and sprays the fluid coaxially with the lens (320, 610) of the third segment (212, 312, 600).

10. The downhole laser tool according to claim 9, wherein, The third cleaning hose (606) includes a plurality of nozzles (607), which are coaxially arranged on the third cleaning hose with the lenses (320, 610) of the third segment.

11. The downhole laser tool according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, The laser beam emitted from the first hole (314, 412) into the downhole environment (214) creates a perforation in the sidewall of the downhole environment.

12. The downhole laser tool according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, At least one of the one or more lenses (313, 404) in the first segment (204, 304) is a collimator lens (414) for collimating the laser beam.

13. The downhole laser tool according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein, At least one of the lenses (504, 604) in the second segment (210, 310, 601) is a collimator lens (514, 614) for collimating the laser beam.

14. The downhole laser tool according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein, When the first retractable reflector (316, 408) retracts, the laser beam passes through the first segment (204, 304) and enters the second segment (210, 310, 601).

15. The downhole laser tool according to claim 4, wherein, When the first retractable reflector (316, 408) retracts and the second retractable reflector (318, 508, 608) retracts, the laser beam passes through the first segment (204, 304) and the second segment (210, 310, 601) and enters the third segment (212, 312, 600).

16. The downhole laser tool according to claim 4 or 15, in, The laser units (202, 302), the first rotary joints (206, 306), the first segment (204, 304), the second rotary joints (318, 508, 608), the second segment (210, 310, 601), and the third segment (212, 312, 600) are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the well, and During the operation of the downhole laser tool, the first rotary joint, the first segment, the second rotary joint, the second segment, and the third segment move as a single integrated tool in the downhole environment.

17. A method for operating a downhole laser tool, the method comprising: The downhole laser tool is lowered into the downhole environment of the well (214); Activate the laser unit (202, 302) of the downhole laser tool, the laser unit including a laser that emits a laser beam; Using one or more lenses (404) of the first segment (204, 304) of the downhole laser tool and the first retractable reflector (316, 408) of the first segment, the laser beam is guided through the first segment; The extension and retraction of the first retractable reflector (316, 408) are controlled to guide the laser beam to the first hole (314, 412) of the first segment, the first hole transmitting the laser beam to the downhole environment (214); The rotation of a first rotary joint (206, 306) arranged between the laser unit (202, 302) and the first segment (204, 304) is controlled. The first rotary joint connects the laser unit to the first segment and rotates the first hole (314, 412). The laser beam is emitted through the first aperture (314, 412) onto the first sidewall of the downhole environment (214); and Fluid is sprayed onto the outside of the first orifice (314, 412) to sweep debris away from the first orifice. During the process of lowering the downhole laser tool into the downhole environment (214), the laser unit (202, 302), the first rotary joint (206, 306), and the first segment (204, 304) are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the well. During the operation of the downhole laser tool, the laser unit (202, 302), the first rotary joint (206, 306) and the first segment (204, 304) move as an integrated tool in the downhole environment (214).

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising: The laser beam is guided through the second section using one or more lenses (504, 604) of the second section (210, 310, 601) of the downhole laser tool and the second retractable reflector (318, 508, 608) of the second section; The extension and retraction of the second retractable reflector (318, 508, 608) are controlled to guide the laser beam to the second hole (328, 512) of the second section, which transmits the laser beam to the downhole environment (214). The laser beam is emitted through the second aperture (328, 512) onto the second sidewall of the downhole environment (214); and The fluid is sprayed onto the outside of the second hole (328, 512) to remove debris from the second hole.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising: A second rotary joint (208, 308) is positioned between the first and second sections, connecting the first section to the second section and causing the second hole to rotate. During the process of lowering the downhole laser tool into the downhole environment, the laser unit (202, 302), the first rotary joint (206, 306), the first segment (204, 304), the second rotary joint (208, 308), and the second segment (210, 310, 601) are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the well. During the operation of the downhole laser tool, the laser unit, the first rotary joint, the first segment, the second rotary joint, and the second segment move as an integrated tool in the downhole environment (214).

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising: Using the lenses (320, 610) of the third section (212, 312, 600) of the downhole laser tool, the laser beam is guided through the third section. The lenses (320, 610) of the third segment guide the laser beam to the third hole (324, 612) of the third segment located at the longitudinal end of the downhole laser tool. The fluid is sprayed onto the outside of the third hole (324, 612) to sweep debris away from the third hole; and The laser is emitted through the third hole to drill into the downhole environment (214).

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