Safety control device and method for heat exchanger of salt-cavern compressed air energy storage power station

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage systems, and particularly relates to a safety control device and method for a salt-cavern compressed air energy storage power station heat exchanger. According to the safety control device for the heat exchanger of the salt-cavern compressed air energy storage power station, the salt mist concentration of compressed air at the first opening is monitored in real time through the sensor group, when the salt mist concentration of the compressed air at the first opening reaches or exceeds a set value, the sensor group sends a starting signal to the control system, and the control system starts the blowing device; the air outlet end of the purging device purges the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube in time, salt mist deposited on the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube is blown away, the situation that the shell and the heat exchange tube are corroded due to deposition of the salt mist is avoided, the risk that the heat exchanger is corroded is reduced, shutdown cleaning is not needed, and the service life of the heat exchanger is prolonged. Materials of the heat exchanger do not need to be optimized, a large amount of energy loss is avoided, and the construction cost of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station is effectively controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy storage system technology, and specifically relates to a safety control device and method for a heat exchanger in a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station. Background Technology

[0002] Salt cavern compressed air energy storage power stations are a new type of energy storage facility that utilizes underground salt caverns to store compressed air and achieves peak power regulation through energy conversion. The heat exchanger's heat exchange channels operate continuously under conditions where both gas storage and gas consumption are shared. Specifically, during gas storage, surplus electrical energy drives a compressor to compress atmospheric air to a high temperature. This high-temperature compressed air enters the heat exchanger shell from the outside and exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium inside the heat exchanger tubes, lowering the temperature of the compressed air before it enters the salt cavern. During gas consumption, the compressed air enters the shell from the salt cavern and exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange tubes, raising the temperature of the compressed air. As it passes through the turbine expander, the high-temperature expanding gas drives the turbine expander to rotate at high speed, thereby powering the generator.

[0003] During the gas usage process, the compressed air discharged from the salt cavern carries a trace amount of salt mist. When passing through the shell, the salt mist will be deposited on the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube. Although the salt content in the salt mist is low, long-term deposition will still lead to corrosion of the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube.

[0004] Current solutions to heat exchanger corrosion primarily focus on optimizing heat exchanger materials or periodic cleaning. However, optimizing heat exchanger materials significantly increases the construction cost of salt cavern compressed air energy storage power plants, while cleaning requires prolonged downtime, resulting in substantial energy loss (surplus electricity). Therefore, there is an urgent need for a low-cost method that can proactively and in real-time reduce the amount of salt mist deposited in heat exchangers to mitigate the risk of corrosion. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a safety control device and method for a heat exchanger in a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station, in order to solve the technical problem that the means of overcoming heat exchanger corrosion in the prior art would lead to a significant increase in the construction cost of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station or cause a large amount of energy loss.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A safety control device for a heat exchanger in a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station includes a control system and a purging device. The heat exchanger includes a shell and heat exchange tubes. The shell has a first opening, the heat exchange tubes are disposed inside the shell and extend out of the shell at both ends, the first opening is connected to a salt cavern, and a sensor group for monitoring the salt spray concentration in the compressed air is disposed at the first opening. The outlet of the purging device is disposed inside the shell. Both the sensor group and the purging device are connected to the control system signal. When the sensor group detects that the salt spray concentration in the compressed air reaches the set value, it will send a start signal to the control system, which will then start the purging device to purge the inner surface of the housing and the outer surface of the heat exchange tubes from the outlet end of the purging device.

[0007] To better realize the present invention, the above structure is further optimized, and the safety control device also includes an electro-adsorption desalination device. The first opening is connected to the salt cave via an electro-adsorption desalination device, which is signal-connected to the control system.

[0008] To better realize the present invention, the above structure is further optimized by including a primary compressor and a secondary compressor in the safety control device. The housing is also provided with a second opening, the outlet of the first-stage compressor is connected to the second opening, the inlet of the second-stage compressor is connected to the first opening, and the outlet of the second-stage compressor is connected to the salt cavern. The sensor group includes a salt spray concentration sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a pressure sensor. All three sensors are connected to the control system signal. The salt spray concentration sensor is used to monitor the salt spray concentration in the compressed air. The temperature and humidity sensor and the pressure sensor are used to acquire information about the compressed air at the first opening. The information includes temperature, relative humidity, and pressure. The heat exchanger also includes a circulation system, the two ends of which are connected to the two ends of the heat exchange tube, and the circulation system is connected to the control system signal. The temperature and humidity sensors and pressure sensors transmit the acquired information to the control system. The control system calculates the water dew point temperature at the first opening based on the relative humidity and pressure in the information, and compares the obtained water dew point temperature with the temperature of the compressed air in the information to adjust the power of the circulation system to ensure that the temperature of the compressed air at the first opening is always higher than the water dew point temperature.

[0009] To better realize the present invention, the above structure is further optimized, and the safety control device further includes a first air guide pipe, a second air guide pipe, a first air outlet pipe and a second air outlet pipe; The outlet of the first-stage compressor is connected to the second opening through a first air guide pipe. A first on / off valve is provided on the first air guide pipe for switching the connection state between the outlet of the first-stage compressor and the second opening. The inlet of the first outlet pipe is connected to the first air guide pipe. The first on / off valve is located between the outlet of the first outlet pipe and the first-stage compressor. A second on / off valve is provided on the first outlet pipe for switching the connection state between the outlet of the first outlet pipe and the first air guide pipe. The first opening is connected to the inlet of the secondary compressor via the second air guide pipe. The second air guide pipe is equipped with a third on / off valve for switching the connection between the first opening and the inlet of the secondary compressor. The outlet of the second outlet pipe is connected to the second air guide pipe. The third on / off valve is located between the outlet of the second outlet pipe and the secondary compressor. The inlet of the second outlet pipe is connected to the salt cavern. The second outlet pipe is equipped with a fourth on / off valve for switching the connection between the salt cavern and the second air guide pipe.

[0010] To better realize the present invention, further optimizations are made to the above structure. The first, second, third, and fourth on / off valves are all solenoid valves, and the first, second, third, and fourth on / off valves are all signal connected to the control system.

[0011] To better realize the present invention, the above structure is further optimized. A turbine expander is provided at the outlet end of the first outlet pipe, and the rotating shaft of the turbine expander is connected to the generator drive.

[0012] A safety control method for a heat exchanger in a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station, wherein the safety control method is implemented using the aforementioned safety control device for the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station heat exchanger, and includes the following steps: Compressed air in the salt cavern enters the heat exchanger housing through the first opening, and the sensor group monitors the salt mist concentration in the compressed air at the first opening in real time. When the salt spray concentration in the compressed air at the first opening reaches or exceeds the set value, the sensor group will send a start signal to the control system, which will then activate the purging device to purge the inner surface of the housing and the outer surface of the heat exchange tubes from the outlet end of the purging device.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: The safety control device for the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station heat exchanger provided by this invention uses a sensor group to monitor the salt mist concentration of the compressed air at the first opening in real time. When the salt mist concentration in the compressed air at the first opening reaches or exceeds a set value, the sensor group sends a start signal to the control system, which then activates the purging device. This allows the outlet of the purging device to promptly purge the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the heat exchange tubes, removing the salt mist deposited on these surfaces. This prevents corrosion of the shell and heat exchange tubes due to salt mist deposition, thereby reducing the risk of heat exchanger corrosion. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for shutdown cleaning and material optimization of the heat exchanger, thus avoiding significant energy loss and effectively controlling the construction cost of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the safety control device for a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station heat exchanger under gas storage conditions.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the safety control device for a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station heat exchanger under gas usage conditions.

[0017] In the picture: 1. Single-stage compressor; 2. Two-stage compressor; 3. Heat exchanger; 31. Shell; 32. Heat exchange tubes; 4. Sensor array; 51. First air inlet tube; 52. Second air inlet tube; 53. First air outlet tube; 54. Second air outlet tube; 61. First on / off valve; 62. Second on / off valve; 63. Third on / off valve; 64. Fourth on / off valve; 7. Purging device; 8. Electro-adsorption desalination device; 9. Turbine expander; 10. Salt cave. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," "tail," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0021] In the embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the safety control device of the heat exchanger in the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station includes a control system and a purging device 7; wherein, The heat exchanger 3 includes a shell 31 and a heat exchange tube 32. The shell 31 is provided with a first opening. The heat exchange tube 32 is disposed inside the shell 31, and both ends of the heat exchange tube 32 extend out of the shell 31. The heat exchanger 3 is a heat exchanger for both gas storage and gas use mentioned in the background art. The first opening is connected to the salt cavern 10. A sensor group 4 for monitoring the salt spray concentration in the compressed air is provided at the first opening. The outlet of the purging device 7 is disposed in the shell 31. Both sensor group 4 and purging device 7 are connected to the control system signal.

[0022] See Figure 2 When the gas is in use, the operator can open the first opening, and the compressed air stored in the salt cavern 10 enters the housing 31 through the first opening; at the same time as the compressed air passes through the first opening, the sensor group 4 will monitor the salt mist concentration in the compressed air passing through the first opening in real time. When sensor group 4 detects that the salt spray concentration in the compressed air reaches or exceeds the set value, sensor group 4 will send a start signal to the control system. When the control system receives the start signal, it will start the purging device 7, so that the outlet end of the purging device 7 will purge the inner surface of the shell 31 and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 32, and disperse the salt mist deposited on the inner surface of the shell 31 and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 32, so as to avoid the corrosion of the shell 31 and the heat exchange tube 32 due to the deposition of salt mist, and improve the service life of the heat exchanger 3. The method of blowing away deposited salt mist by the purging device 7 eliminates the need to shut down and clean the heat exchanger 3, and also eliminates the need to optimize the material of the heat exchanger 3, thereby avoiding a large amount of energy loss and effectively controlling the construction cost of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station.

[0023] The dispersed salt mist mixes with the compressed air inside the housing 31. During the gas storage operation, this salt mist can enter the salt cavern 10 with the compressed air. During the gas usage operation, this salt mist will be discharged outward with the compressed air.

[0024] Furthermore, this safety control device can be applied to existing salt cavern compressed air energy storage power stations. That is, a purging device 7 and a control system can be added to the heat exchanger (heat exchanger 3) of the existing salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station without reconstruction, so that the applicability of the safety control device is wider.

[0025] It should be noted that the above-mentioned purging device includes compressed nitrogen as a medium, and the pulse frequency is 10-50Hz. That is, the inner surface of the housing 31 and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 32 are purged intermittently by compressed nitrogen to better achieve the purging of salt spray.

[0026] Preferably, the safety control device further includes an electro-adsorption desalination device 8, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 ;in, The first opening is connected to the salt cave 10 through the electro-adsorption desalination device 8, and the electro-adsorption desalination device 8 is connected to the control system signal. When the gas is in use, the operator can open the first opening, and the compressed air stored in the salt cavern 10 can enter the housing 31 after passing through the electro-adsorption desalination device 8. The electro-adsorption desalination device 8 adsorbs a large amount of salt mist in the compressed air, reducing the amount of salt mist entering the housing 31, thereby further reducing the occurrence of corrosion of the housing 31 and heat exchange tube 32 due to salt mist deposition.

[0027] It should be noted that the electro-adsorption desalination device 8 uses a double electric layer formed on the electrode surface to adsorb salt ions, and the desalination rate can reach more than 90%, which can significantly reduce the salt mist entering the housing 31.

[0028] In some embodiments, the safety control device further includes a primary compressor 1 and a secondary compressor 2, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 ;in, The housing 31 is also provided with a second opening, the outlet of the first-stage compressor 1 is connected to the second opening, the inlet of the second-stage compressor 2 is connected to the first opening, and the outlet of the second-stage compressor 2 is connected to the salt cave 10. The aforementioned sensor group 4 includes a salt spray concentration sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a pressure sensor. The salt spray concentration sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, and pressure sensor are all connected to the control system signal. The salt spray concentration sensor is used to monitor the salt spray concentration in the compressed air to obtain information on the salt spray concentration in the compressed air at the first opening. The temperature and humidity sensor and the pressure sensor are used to obtain information on the temperature, relative humidity, and pressure of the gas at the first opening, respectively. The heat exchanger 3 mentioned above also includes a circulation system. The two ends of the circulation system are respectively connected to the heat exchange tube 32. The circulation system is connected to the control system signal. The circulation system is used to input the heat exchange medium into the heat exchange tube 32. The temperature and humidity sensors and pressure sensors transmit the acquired information to the control system. The control system calculates the water dew point temperature at the first opening based on the relative humidity and pressure in the information, and compares the obtained water dew point temperature with the temperature of the compressed air in the information to adjust the power of the circulation system, that is, to control the temperature of the compressed air at the first opening, so as to ensure that the temperature of the compressed air at the first opening is always higher than the water dew point temperature, so as to avoid water vapor condensation at the first opening, which would lead to accelerated corrosion.

[0029] It should be noted that the control system mentioned above is a PID control system, which is a control system that controls the error generated by comparing the real-time data of the controlled object with the given value using the proportional, integral, and derivative functions. It is a technologically mature and widely used control system, and is widely applied in industrial process control. The PID control system can compare the values ​​detected by the salt spray concentration sensor with the set values ​​in real time. It can also calculate the water dew point temperature based on the monitored relative humidity and pressure information, and compare the calculated water dew point temperature with the monitored temperature to control the purging device 7 and the circulation system.

[0030] See Figure 1 In the gas storage condition, the first-stage compressor 1 compresses the outside air to form compressed air. At this time, the temperature of the compressed air will rise significantly, and the compressed air will be delivered to the shell 31 of the heat exchanger 3. After the compressed air enters the shell 31, the compressed air can exchange heat with the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange tube 32, thereby reducing the temperature of the compressed air. However, in order to avoid water vapor condensation at the first opening, it is necessary to ensure that the temperature of the compressed gas at the first opening is always higher than the water dew point temperature. When the temperature of the compressed gas at the first opening, as detected by the temperature and humidity sensor, is lower than the water dew point temperature calculated by the control system, the control system will reduce the power of the circulation system, thereby reducing the flow rate of the cooling medium and lowering the heat exchange efficiency, so that the temperature of the compressed gas is higher than the water dew point temperature.

[0031] See Figure 2 Under gas usage conditions, compressed air from the salt cavern enters heat exchanger 3, and at the same time, the salt mist concentration in the compressed gas is detected by a salt mist concentration sensor. When the salt mist concentration in the compressed gas exceeds the set value, the control system will control the purging device 7 to start, blowing air onto the inner surface of the housing 31 and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 32 to disperse the salt mist deposited on the inner surface of the housing 31 and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 32. This can prevent the salt mist in the compressed gas from depositing on the inner surface of the purging housing 31 and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 32.

[0032] It is worth noting that the above-mentioned water dew point temperature is calculated using the following formula: T=3876.659 / (16.37379-ln(P×100))-229.73; Where P is the partial pressure of water vapor, and ln is the natural logarithm.

[0033] Preferably, controlling the temperature of the compressed gas at the first opening to a safety margin of 3-5°C above the water dew point temperature can effectively prevent water vapor condensation at the first opening and recover as much heat carried by the compressed gas as possible, thereby effectively improving the energy storage effect of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station.

[0034] In some embodiments, the safety control device further includes a first air guide tube 51, a second air guide tube 52, a first air outlet tube 53, and a second air outlet tube 54, see below. Figure 1 and Figure 2 ;in, The outlet of the first-stage compressor 1 is connected to the second opening through the first air guide pipe 51. The first air guide pipe 51 is provided with a first on / off valve 61 for switching the state of connection between the outlet of the first-stage compressor 1 and the second opening. The inlet of the first outlet pipe 53 is connected to the first air guide pipe 51. The first on / off valve 61 is located between the outlet of the first outlet pipe 53 and the first-stage compressor 1. The first outlet pipe 53 is provided with a second on / off valve 62 for switching the state of connection between the outlet of the first outlet pipe 53 and the first air guide pipe 51. The first opening is connected to the inlet of the secondary compressor 2 via the second air guide pipe 52. A third on / off valve 63 is provided on the second air guide pipe 52 to switch the connection between the first opening and the inlet of the secondary compressor 2. The outlet of the second air outlet pipe 54 is connected to the second air guide pipe 52. The third on / off valve 63 is located between the outlet of the second air outlet pipe 54 and the secondary compressor 2. The inlet of the second air outlet pipe 54 is connected to the salt cavern 10. A fourth on / off valve 64 is provided on the second air outlet pipe 54 to switch the connection between the salt cavern 10 and the second air guide pipe 52.

[0035] See Figure 1 In the gas storage condition, the first opening and closing valve 61 and the third opening and closing valve 63 are open, and the second opening and closing valve 62 and the fourth opening and closing valve 64 are closed; the outside air is compressed by the first stage compressor 1 and enters the housing 31, and then is discharged from the first outlet on the housing 31. After being compressed by the second stage compressor 2, it enters the salt cavern for storage. See Figure 2 When in use, the second on / off valve 62 and the fourth on / off valve 64 are open, and the first on / off valve 61 and the third on / off valve 63 are closed. The compressed air in the salt cavern enters the housing 31 through the second air outlet pipe 54, and after passing through the housing 31, it is delivered to the air-consuming end through the first air outlet pipe 53.

[0036] Preferably, the first on / off valve 61, the second on / off valve 62, the third on / off valve 63 and the fourth on / off valve 64 mentioned above are all solenoid valves; The first opening and closing valve 61, the second opening and closing valve 62, the third opening and closing valve 63, and the fourth opening and closing valve 64 are all connected to the control system signal. The control system controls the opening and closing of the first opening and closing valve 61, the second opening and closing valve 62, the third opening and closing valve 63, and / or the fourth opening and closing valve 64 to make the use of the safety control device more convenient.

[0037] In some embodiments, the outlet end of the first outlet pipe 53 is provided with a turbine expander 9, and the turbine expander 9 is connected to the generator drive. Under gas usage conditions, the compressed air in the salt cavern enters the shell 31 through the second outlet pipe 54. At this time, the circulation system can send the heat exchange medium with heat energy into the heat exchange tube 32 to exchange heat with the compressed air in the shell 31, thereby raising the temperature of the compressed air. Subsequently, the compressed air, after its temperature rises, passes through the first outlet pipe 53 and then through the turbine expander 9. As it passes through the turbine expander 9, the compressed air converts the heat energy it carries into mechanical energy, thereby driving the generator to rotate and generate electricity.

[0038] Based on the aforementioned safety control device for the heat exchanger of a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station, this embodiment provides a safety control method for the heat exchanger of a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station. (See [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 2The safety control method includes the following steps: Compressed gas in salt cavern 10 enters housing 31 through the first opening, and sensor group 4 detects the salt mist concentration in compressed air at the first opening in real time. When the salt mist concentration in the compressed air at the first opening reaches the set value, the sensor group 4 will send a start signal to the control system, which will then activate the purging device 7. The outlet of the purging device 7 will then purge the inner surface of the housing 31 and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 32 to remove the salt mist deposited on the inner surface of the housing 31 and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 32, thus preventing corrosion of the housing and heat exchange tubes due to salt mist deposition.

[0039] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A safety control device for a heat exchanger in a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station, characterized in that: Includes control system and purging device (7); The heat exchanger (3) includes a shell (31) and a heat exchange tube (32). A first opening is provided on the shell (31). The heat exchange tube (32) is located inside the shell (31), and both ends of the heat exchange tube (32) extend out of the shell (31). The first opening is connected to the salt cave (10). A sensor group (4) for monitoring the salt spray concentration in the compressed air is provided at the first opening. The outlet of the purging device (7) is located in the shell (31). Both the sensor group (4) and the purging device (7) are connected to the control system signal. When the sensor group (4) detects that the salt spray concentration in the compressed air reaches the set value, it will send a start signal to the control system, which will then start the purging device (7) so that the outlet of the purging device (7) will purge the inner surface of the housing (31) and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube (32).

2. The safety control device for the heat exchanger of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an electro-adsorption desalination device (8); The first opening is connected to the salt cave (10) through the electro-adsorption desalination device (8), and the electro-adsorption desalination device (8) is connected to the control system.

3. The safety control device for the heat exchanger of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a primary compressor (1) and a secondary compressor (2); The housing (31) is also provided with a second opening, the outlet of the first-stage compressor (1) is connected to the second opening, the inlet of the second-stage compressor (2) is connected to the first opening, and the outlet of the second-stage compressor (2) is connected to the salt cave (10). The sensor group (4) includes a salt spray concentration sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a pressure sensor. The salt spray concentration sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, and pressure sensor are all connected to the control system signal. The salt spray concentration sensor is used to monitor the salt spray concentration in the compressed air. The temperature and humidity sensor and the pressure sensor are used to obtain information about the compressed air at the first opening. The information includes temperature, relative humidity, and pressure. The heat exchanger (3) also includes a circulation system, the two ends of which are connected to the two ends of the heat exchange tube (32) respectively, and the circulation system is connected to the control system signal. The temperature and humidity sensors and pressure sensors transmit the acquired information to the control system. The control system calculates the water dew point temperature at the first opening based on the relative humidity and pressure in the information, and compares the obtained water dew point temperature with the temperature of the compressed air in the information to adjust the power of the circulation system to ensure that the temperature of the compressed air at the first opening is always higher than the water dew point temperature.

4. The safety control device for the heat exchanger of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a first air duct (51), a second air duct (52), a first air outlet (53), and a second air outlet (54); The outlet of the first-stage compressor (1) is connected to the second opening through the first air guide pipe (51). The first air guide pipe (51) is provided with a first on / off valve (61) for switching the state of the outlet of the first-stage compressor (1) connected to the second opening. The inlet of the first outlet pipe (53) is connected to the first air guide pipe (51). The first on / off valve (61) is located between the outlet of the first outlet pipe (53) and the first-stage compressor (1). The first outlet pipe (53) is provided with a second on / off valve (62) for switching the state of the outlet of the first outlet pipe (53) connected to the first air guide pipe (51). The first opening is connected to the inlet of the secondary compressor (2) through the second air guide pipe (52). The second air guide pipe (52) is provided with a third on / off valve (63) for switching the connection state between the first opening and the inlet of the secondary compressor (2). The outlet of the second air outlet pipe (54) is connected to the second air guide pipe (52). The third on / off valve (63) is located between the outlet of the second air outlet pipe (54) and the secondary compressor (2). The inlet of the second air outlet pipe (54) is connected to the salt cavern (10). The second air outlet pipe (54) is provided with a fourth on / off valve (64) for switching the connection state between the salt cavern (10) and the second air guide pipe (52).

5. The safety control device for the heat exchanger of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first on / off valve (61), the second on / off valve (62), the third on / off valve (63), and the fourth on / off valve (64) are all solenoid valves. The first on / off valve (61), the second on / off valve (62), the third on / off valve (63), and the fourth on / off valve (64) are all connected to the control system signal.

6. The safety control device for the heat exchanger of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first outlet pipe (53) is equipped with a turbine expander (9) at its outlet end, and the shaft of the turbine expander (9) is connected to the generator drive.

7. A safety control method for a heat exchanger in a salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station, characterized in that: The safety control method is implemented by the safety control device of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage power station heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and includes the following steps: Compressed air in the salt cavern (10) enters the shell (31) of the heat exchanger (3) through the first opening, and the sensor group (4) monitors the salt mist concentration in the compressed air at the first opening in real time. When the salt spray concentration in the compressed air at the first opening reaches or exceeds the set value, the sensor group (4) will send a start signal to the control system, and the control system will start the purging device (7) so that the outlet end of the purging device (7) purifies the inner surface of the housing (31) and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube (32).

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