Early intelligent identification and prevention and control simulation device and method for fire smoke in limited space

Abstract

The invention discloses an early-stage intelligent identification, prevention and control simulation device and method for fire smoke in a restricted space. The limited space simulation system comprises a semi-closed box body, a fire source simulation unit, a temperature and humidity monitoring unit and an air pressure monitoring unit are arranged in the semi-closed box body, and a dust output unit, an air conveying unit and a temperature and humidity control unit are arranged on the load sliding base; the dynamic dust fall regulation and control system is arranged at the top of the semi-closed box body; the dust source dynamic tracking system is arranged at the top of the load sliding base; and the data analysis and processing system is connected with the dust source dynamic tracking system. The limitation of a traditional single sensor is broken through. The precision and real-time performance of dust diffusion path tracking, fire source dynamic recognition and gas component monitoring are remarkably improved through multi-source data fusion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire safety and dust control technology, and in particular to a simulation device and method for early intelligent identification and control of smoke and dust in confined space fires. Background Technology

[0002] Confined spaces, as a crucial component of modern industrial production and infrastructure, possess complex internal environments and limited ventilation, resulting in significantly higher risks of fire and dust accumulation compared to open environments. Fire smoke not only threatens human lives but can also trigger secondary explosions or environmental pollution. With the expansion of industrial scale and the increasing complexity of construction environments, traditional fire prevention and control technologies are insufficient to meet the demands for early warning and efficient response, necessitating technological innovation to enhance fire and smoke control capabilities in confined spaces.

[0003] Traditional fire and smoke control technologies rely primarily on single sensors for monitoring, resulting in drawbacks such as response lag and insufficient data dimensions. Existing smoke detectors cannot track dust diffusion paths and particle size distribution in real time, and temperature sensors struggle to accurately locate concealed fire sources, leading to inefficient early warning systems. Furthermore, existing dust suppression systems often employ fixed spray patterns or require manual intervention, resulting in rigid spraying ranges and excessively large droplet sizes (>50μm). This prevents adjustments to strategies based on dynamic dust diffusion trends, leading to low dust suppression efficiency and difficulty in accurately suppressing fire spread. Passive control mechanisms further exacerbate the lag in response, easily causing fires to escalate or secondary dust diffusion.

[0004] In recent years, multi-sensor fusion and intelligent control technologies have provided new approaches to fire and smoke control. By integrating optical, thermal imaging, and gas sensing technologies, multi-dimensional monitoring of dust concentration, fire source location, and smoke composition can be achieved. However, insufficient simulation capabilities of confined space environments and a lack of data support lead to discrepancies between technology verification and actual scenarios. Furthermore, the lack of real-time fusion and analysis capabilities for multi-source data hinders the realization of intelligent decision-making and dynamic control.

[0005] Based on the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a simulation device and method for early intelligent identification and prevention of smoke and dust in confined space fires. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a simulation device and method for early intelligent identification and prevention of smoke and dust in confined space fires, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a confined space fire smoke early intelligent identification and prevention simulation device, comprising: Heavy-duty sliding base; A confined space simulation system includes a semi-enclosed enclosure. Inside the semi-enclosed enclosure, a fire source simulation unit, a temperature and humidity monitoring unit, and an air pressure monitoring unit are arranged. On the load-bearing sliding base, a dust generation unit, an air conveying unit, and a temperature and humidity control unit are arranged. The dust generation unit, the air conveying unit, and the temperature and humidity control unit are respectively connected to the semi-enclosed enclosure. A dynamic dust control system is arranged on the top of the semi-enclosed box and communicates with the semi-enclosed box. A dust source dynamic tracking system is arranged on top of the load-bearing sliding base and corresponds to the semi-enclosed box. A data analysis and processing system, wherein the data analysis and processing system is connected to the dust source dynamic tracking system; The semi-enclosed enclosure has a black back panel on the back, a transparent panel on the front, and a supplementary light on the top.

[0008] According to the confined space fire smoke early intelligent identification and prevention simulation device provided by the present invention, the fire source simulation unit includes: Fireproof board, which is fixed inside the semi-enclosed box; An oil pan, which is placed on the fireproof board via a fire source bracket; A quality recorder is installed inside the semi-enclosed enclosure, and the probe of the quality recorder is installed at the bottom of the oil pan for detecting fuel quality. An igniter is mounted on the side wall of the oil pan, and the end of the igniter is arranged corresponding to the inner cavity of the oil pan.

[0009] The confined space fire smoke early intelligent identification and prevention simulation device according to the present invention includes a dust generation unit comprising: A device frame, which is mounted on the load-bearing sliding base; A dust storage bin, which is mounted on the device frame; An air compression system is provided, which is connected to the dust storage box. A pressure nozzle is installed at the output end of the air compression system and is connected to the semi-enclosed box. A booster pump I is mounted on a device frame and connected to the air compression system; An intelligent control system is connected to the air compression system.

[0010] According to the confined space fire smoke early intelligent identification and prevention simulation device provided by the present invention, the air supply unit includes: A variable frequency fan is installed on the equipment frame. An air duct is installed at the output end of the variable frequency fan. An air inlet is opened on the semi-enclosed box. The air duct is connected to the air inlet. A wind power monitoring and regulation device, wherein the wind power monitoring and regulation device is connected to the variable frequency fan; The semi-enclosed enclosure is equipped with an emergency exhaust and pressure relief port, and a pressure relief valve is installed on the emergency exhaust and pressure relief port.

[0011] According to the confined space fire smoke early intelligent identification and prevention simulation device provided by the present invention, the temperature and humidity control unit includes a constant temperature heating unit and a humidification unit; The constant temperature heating unit includes: A constant temperature heater is installed on the semi-enclosed enclosure; The humidification unit includes: A water storage tank is installed on the top surface of the load-bearing sliding base; A humidifier, wherein the input end of the humidifier is connected to the water storage tank, and the output end of the humidifier is connected to the semi-enclosed box through a water supply pipe.

[0012] The confined space fire smoke early intelligent identification and prevention simulation device provided by the present invention includes a temperature and humidity monitoring unit comprising: A temperature sensor is installed inside the semi-enclosed enclosure; A humidity sensor is installed inside the semi-enclosed enclosure.

[0013] The confined space fire smoke early intelligent identification and prevention simulation device according to the present invention includes a dynamic dust control system comprising: Mounting bracket, which is fixed to the top of the semi-enclosed enclosure; A water supply module, comprising a circulating water tank mounted on the mounting frame, wherein the circulating water tank is connected to the water storage tank via a pipe I, and a booster pump II is installed on the pipe; A dust suppressant storage box is installed on the mounting frame. A feed pipe is installed on the top of the dust suppressant storage box, and a discharge pipe is connected to the bottom of the dust suppressant storage box. A servo motor is installed on the discharge pipe. A mixing agitator is mounted on the mounting frame and connected to the circulating water tank via pipe II. The discharge pipe is connected to the mixing agitator. Multi-stage stirring blades, which are rotatably connected to the mixing mixer via a stirring shaft; A spiral nozzle is installed at the bottom of the mounting frame and extends into the semi-enclosed box. The spiral nozzle has several nozzles arranged in an internal spiral shape. The spiral nozzle is connected to the mixing agitator through a nozzle feed pipe. A pressure pump III is installed on the mounting frame and is connected to the nozzle feed pipe. The dust suppressant storage box has an observation window on its side wall.

[0014] The confined space fire smoke early intelligent identification and prevention simulation device according to the present invention includes a dust source dynamic tracking system comprising: A multi-angle adjustment bracket is mounted on top of the load-bearing sliding base; A dust identification device is installed on the multi-angle adjustment frame; A laser scattering device is installed on the top surface of the load-bearing sliding base; An infrared imaging device, wherein the infrared imaging device is fixed on the load-bearing sliding base by a support frame; A gas sensing device is mounted on the top surface of the multi-angle adjustment frame.

[0015] According to the confined space fire smoke early intelligent identification and prevention simulation device provided by the present invention, the data analysis and processing system includes an intelligent controller, a data fusion module, a feature extraction module, a strategy optimization module, and a data acquisition device, wherein the intelligent controller, the data fusion module, the feature extraction module, and the strategy optimization module are all connected to the data acquisition device.

[0016] A method for early intelligent identification and prevention of smoke and dust in confined space fires includes the following steps: Step 1: Environmental parameters preset and device initialization. Adjust the overall position of the device through the load-bearing sliding base, start the temperature and humidity control unit, dust generation unit and air supply unit, and introduce airflow with set temperature, humidity and dust concentration into the semi-enclosed box to simulate the initial state of the actual confined space environment. Step 2: Fire smoke simulation and environmental monitoring. The fire source simulation unit is activated to generate simulated initial fire smoke. At the same time, the temperature and humidity monitoring unit and the air pressure monitoring unit monitor the changes in environmental parameters inside the chamber in real time. The visibility of smoke is enhanced by the black back panel and the supplementary light, which facilitates the observation of smoke diffusion behavior. Step 3: Dynamic tracking and data acquisition of dust sources. The dynamic tracking system captures and records the movement trajectory of smoke and dust in the semi-enclosed box in real time, and transmits the images and time series data to the data analysis and processing system. Step 4: Smoke feature recognition and intelligent analysis. The data analysis and processing system extracts features such as grayscale, texture, and motion speed from the collected smoke images. Combined with temperature, humidity, and air pressure data, it determines the smoke diffusion stage and risk level, and generates early fire smoke recognition results. Step 5: Dynamic dust suppression control response. Based on the identification results, the dynamic dust suppression control system is triggered to adjust the direction and dosage of dust suppressant spray according to the location and diffusion state of the dust source, so as to achieve directional suppression and settling control of smoke and dust. Step Six: Circular Feedback and Optimized Prevention and Control. Continuously monitor and regulate the environmental parameters and dust status inside the chamber after control and regulation. Optimize the control strategy in real time through the data analysis and processing system to form a closed-loop intelligent prevention and control process of monitoring-identification-control-verification. Step 7: Data recording and output. Record environmental parameters, smoke and dust movement data, and control response logs throughout the entire process, and generate a prevention and control effect evaluation report to provide data support and strategy reference for actual confined space fire prevention and control.

[0017] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: By accurately replicating the enclosed characteristics of confined spaces such as mines and pipelines through a semi-enclosed enclosure, and in conjunction with the fire source simulation unit, dust generation unit, and air supply unit, the complete process of fire smoke generation and diffusion in different types of confined spaces can be realistically reproduced, closely resembling actual application scenarios. At the same time, the temperature and humidity control unit, dust generation unit, and air supply unit can independently adjust key parameters such as dust concentration, wind speed, and ambient temperature and humidity. Combined with real-time feedback from the temperature and humidity monitoring unit and air pressure monitoring unit, experimental variables can be precisely controlled, effectively avoiding interference from the natural environment, and providing a scientific and reliable experimental basis for subsequent smoke identification and control research.

[0018] Addressing the characteristics of early-stage smoke and dust in confined space fires—being minute in quantity and easily affected by environmental interference—the device utilizes a semi-enclosed enclosure with a black back panel on the back to enhance the contrast between smoke and background. A transparent front panel facilitates direct observation of the internal smoke diffusion process, while top-mounted supplementary lighting compensates for blind spots under varying light intensities. This provides a clear and stable monitoring field for the dynamic dust source tracking system, reducing tracking deviations caused by light and background factors. Simultaneously, the temperature, humidity, and air pressure monitoring units are linked with the dynamic dust source tracking system, enabling the simultaneous collection of "smoke morphology / location" and "ambient temperature, humidity, and air pressure" data. This comprehensively records the entire lifecycle characteristics of fire smoke and dust from its initial generation to its spread, providing multi-dimensional support for subsequent data analysis, avoiding the limitations of single data points, and significantly improving the accuracy of monitoring and data acquisition.

[0019] The device relies on the precise correspondence between the dynamic dust source tracking system and the semi-enclosed enclosure to locate the source of smoke and dust in real time and track the spread trajectory of smoke and dust. It can quickly capture even trace amounts of smoke and dust in the early stages, effectively solving the pain point of "late detection" of smoke and dust in traditional confined space fires. At the same time, the data analysis and processing system is deeply integrated with the tracking system, which can process the collected "smoke and dust characteristics + environmental parameters" in real time. This can not only verify the accuracy and response speed of the early smoke and dust identification algorithm, but also provide a large amount of experimental data for algorithm optimization, promote the iteration of early identification technology, and help achieve "early detection and early warning" of smoke and dust in confined space fires, thus gaining a critical time window for the initiation of subsequent prevention and control measures.

[0020] The device constructs a complete closed loop of "identification-prevention-feedback" through the connection design of the dynamic dust suppression control system and the semi-enclosed enclosure: after the dust source dynamic tracking system identifies early smoke and dust, the dynamic dust suppression control system can start the dust suppression operation in real time. Subsequently, the dust source dynamic tracking system, temperature, humidity and air pressure monitoring unit provide real-time feedback on the dust suppression effect, thereby verifying the applicability of different dust suppression schemes in confined spaces. It provides an experimental platform for "scheme design-effect verification" for early prevention and control of fire smoke in actual confined spaces, avoids the potential risks of directly applying prevention and control schemes to real scenarios, and improves the technology research chain.

[0021] The device replaces real confined space fire experiments with simulated experiments, which not only avoids the risks of personnel injury and equipment damage that may occur in real experiments, but also allows for repeated experiments in high-intensity, high-risk scenarios (such as the initial stage of high-concentration dust combustion and explosion) without worrying about safety hazards in actual scenarios. This effectively reduces the safety and trial-and-error costs in the research and development of confined space fire and smoke control technology, and provides a guarantee for the continuous iteration of technology. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the confined space fire smoke early intelligent identification and prevention simulation device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the confined space simulation system of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the dust generation unit of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fire source simulation unit of the present invention; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dust source dynamic tracking system of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the data analysis and processing system of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic dust control system of the present invention.

[0024] The system includes: 1. Load-bearing sliding base; 2. Confined space simulation system; 3. Dynamic dust control system; 4. Dust source dynamic tracking system; and 5. Data analysis and processing system. 201. Semi-enclosed enclosure; 202. Fireproof board; 203. Oil pan; 204. Quality recorder; 205. Ignition device; 206. Device frame; 207. Dust storage bin; 208. Air compression system; 209. Pressure nozzle; 210. Pressurization pump I; 211. Intelligent control system; 212. Variable frequency fan; 213. Air duct; 214. Wind power monitoring and adjustment device; 215. Emergency exhaust and pressure relief port; 216. Constant temperature heater; 217. Water storage tank; 218. Humidifier; 219. Water supply pipeline; 220. Temperature sensor; 221. Humidity sensor; 301. Mounting bracket; 302. Circulating water tank; 303. Pipeline I; 304. Booster pump II; 305. Dust suppressant storage tank; 306. Feed pipe; 307. Discharge pipe; 308. Servo motor; 309. Mixing agitator; 310. Pipeline II; 311. Multi-stage mixing blades; 312. Mixing shaft; 313. Spiral nozzle; 314. Nozzle; 315. Nozzle feed pipe; 316. Booster pump III; 317. Observation window; 401. Multi-angle adjustment frame; 402. Dust detection device; 403. Infrared imaging device; 404. Gas sensing device; 501. Intelligent controller; 502. Data fusion module; 503. Feature extraction module; 504. Strategy optimization module; 505. Data acquisition device. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] Reference Figures 1-7This invention provides a simulation device for early intelligent identification and prevention of smoke and dust in confined space fires, comprising: Load-bearing sliding base 1; The confined space simulation system 2 includes a semi-enclosed box 201. Inside the semi-enclosed box 201, there are fire source simulation units, temperature and humidity monitoring units, and air pressure monitoring units. On the load-bearing sliding base 1, there are dust generation units, air conveying units, and temperature and humidity control units. The dust generation units, air conveying units, and temperature and humidity control units are respectively connected to the semi-enclosed box 201. The dynamic dust control system 3 is arranged on the top of the semi-enclosed box 201 and is connected to the semi-enclosed box 201. Dust source dynamic tracking system 4 is arranged on the top of the load-bearing sliding base 1 and corresponds to the semi-enclosed box 201. Data analysis and processing system 5 is connected to dust source dynamic tracking system 4; The semi-enclosed enclosure 201 has a black back panel on the back, a transparent panel on the front, and a supplementary light on the top.

[0028] The scheme has been further optimized, and the fire source simulation unit includes: Fireproof board 202 is fixed inside the semi-enclosed box 201; Oil pan 203 is placed on fireproof board 202 via a fire source bracket; The quality recorder 204 is installed inside the semi-enclosed housing 201, and the probe of the quality recorder 204 is installed at the bottom of the oil pan 203 for detecting fuel quality. Igniter 205 is installed on the side wall of oil pan 203, and the end of igniter 205 is arranged corresponding to the inner cavity of oil pan 203.

[0029] The fire source simulation unit uses the fireproof board 202 as a safety protection base. The oil pan 203 is fixed on the fireproof board 202 through the fire source bracket to ensure that the fire source simulation area is isolated from other areas of the box. The probe of the mass recorder 204 is attached to the bottom of the oil pan 203 to detect the change in fuel mass in the oil pan 203 in real time to reflect the combustion rate. At the same time, the end of the igniter 205 on the side wall of the oil pan 203 is aligned with the inner cavity of the oil pan 203 to accurately trigger the fuel ignition. Thus, the combustion process of the real fire source is reproduced in the semi-enclosed box 201, providing stable and controllable fire source conditions for fire smoke simulation.

[0030] Fireproof board 202 is made of glass magnesium fireproof board 202 with a temperature resistance of 0-1200℃ and a thickness of 18mm to ensure high temperature resistance; igniter 205 is an electric spark igniter 205, and is connected to the intelligent controller 501 in the data analysis and processing system 5, which triggers the ignition action; quality recorder 204 needs to be connected to network switch through communication cable to transmit the real-time collected fuel quality data to data analysis and processing system 5, while the oil pan 203 is adapted to the fire source section range of 300-500mm to ensure that the fire source simulation scale matches the confined space scenario.

[0031] The solution has been further optimized, and the dust generation unit includes: The device frame 206 is mounted on the load-bearing sliding base 1; Dust storage bin 207 is installed on device frame 206; An air compression system 208 is connected to a dust storage bin 207. A pressure nozzle 209 is installed at the output end of the air compression system 208 and is connected to a semi-enclosed box 201. Pressure pump I 210 is mounted on device frame 206 and connected to air compression system 208; Intelligent control system 211, which is connected to air compression system 208.

[0032] The dust production unit integrates and installs its components on the device frame 206. The dust storage bin 207 stores the dust to be simulated. The intelligent control system 211 links the air compression system 208 and the pressurization pump I 210. The pressurization pump I 210 provides stable pressure to the air compression system 208. The air compression system 208 transmits the pressure to the dust storage bin 207, so that the dust is transported into the semi-enclosed box 201 through the pressure nozzle 209 under pressure. By adjusting the pressure parameters through the intelligent control system 211, the precise production of dust of different concentrations can be achieved, meeting the needs of dust environment simulation in confined spaces.

[0033] The dust storage bin 207 has a volume of 50-100L and a working pressure controlled between -0.1-0.5MPa. An electromagnetic valve I is added to the connecting pipeline between the dust storage bin 207 and the air compression system 208. Its response time is ≤20ms and it is suitable for media covering PM2.5-PM10 dust. The conveying rate of the pressure pump I 210 is set to 0.1-1kg / min and the output pressure is 0.3-0.8MPa. The pressure nozzle 209 is designed to be cylindrical with a diameter of 15-30mm and a nozzle diameter of 60-70mm. At the same time, it ensures that the dust output concentration can be adjusted within the range of 0.1-100g / m³. The pressure nozzle 209 is sealed to the dust conveying port (diameter 70-80mm) of the semi-enclosed box 201, and a safety valve IV is installed at the dust conveying port.

[0034] The scheme has been further optimized, and the air supply unit includes: Variable frequency fan 212 is installed on the equipment rack. The output end of variable frequency fan 212 is equipped with air duct 213. The semi-enclosed box 201 is provided with air inlet. Air duct 213 is connected to air inlet. Wind power monitoring and regulation device 214 is connected to variable frequency fan 212; The semi-enclosed enclosure 201 is equipped with an emergency exhaust and pressure relief port 215, and a pressure relief valve is installed on the emergency exhaust and pressure relief port 215.

[0035] The air supply unit generates airflow through the variable frequency fan 212, which is then delivered into the semi-enclosed box 201 through the air supply pipe 213. The wind force monitoring and adjustment device 214 monitors the output wind force of the fan in real time and feeds back the signal to the variable frequency fan 212 to dynamically adjust the speed, thereby achieving precise control of the airflow speed inside the box. When the air pressure inside the semi-enclosed box 201 exceeds the safety threshold, the pressure relief valve on the emergency exhaust and pressure relief port 215 automatically opens to quickly discharge excess airflow, maintain stable air pressure inside the box, and simulate different airflow disturbance scenarios in a confined space.

[0036] The variable frequency fan 212 is an axial flow fan with a speed range of 900-1450 rpm and an air volume controlled at 1605-9336 m³ / h. The diameter of the air supply pipe 213 is set at 70-80 mm and is adapted to connect with the air inlet (diameter 10-20 mm). A solenoid valve II is installed on the air supply pipe 213. The wind power monitoring and adjustment device 214 is linked with the frequency converter (speed loop response frequency 10-100 Hz, response time 10-100 ms) to realize rapid adjustment of wind speed. The pressure relief valve is set to automatically start when the air pressure in the box is ≥1.2 atm, and the pressure relief rate is controlled at 5-10 m³ / min. The diameter of the emergency exhaust pressure relief port 215 is set at 70-80 mm to ensure pressure relief efficiency.

[0037] The solution has been further optimized, and the temperature and humidity control unit includes a constant temperature heating unit and a humidification unit; The constant temperature heating unit includes: Thermostatic heater 216 is installed on semi-enclosed enclosure 201; The humidification unit includes: Water storage tank 217 is installed on the top surface of the load-bearing sliding base 1; Humidifier 218, the input end of humidifier 218 is connected to water storage tank 217, and the output end of humidifier 218 is connected to semi-enclosed box 201 through water supply pipe 219.

[0038] The temperature and humidity control unit regulates the environment inside the chamber through the coordinated action of the constant temperature heating unit and the humidification unit: the constant temperature heater 216 directly heats the air inside the semi-enclosed chamber 201 to achieve temperature regulation; in the humidification unit, the water storage tank 217 provides water to the humidifier 218, and the humidifier 218 atomizes the water and sends it into the chamber through the water supply pipe 219 to increase the air humidity. Both of them, based on the feedback data from the temperature and humidity monitoring unit, work with the data analysis and processing system 5 to achieve dynamic and precise control of the temperature and humidity inside the chamber, simulating the temperature and humidity environment of different confined spaces.

[0039] The constant temperature heater 216 has a control range of 0℃-60℃, a control accuracy of ±0.5℃-±1.0℃, a heating power of 1-10kW, and is connected to the intelligent controller 501 to receive control commands. The water storage tank 217 has a volume adapted to the requirements of the humidifier 218. The humidity control range of the humidifier 218 is set to 30%RH-90%RH, with a control accuracy of ±2%RH-±5%RH. The diameter of the water supply pipe 219 is set to 70-80mm, and a control valve is added to the water supply pipe 219. The intelligent controller 501 adjusts the valve opening based on the feedback data from the temperature and humidity sensor 221 to achieve precise control of the humidification amount.

[0040] The solution has been further optimized, and the temperature and humidity monitoring unit includes: Temperature sensor 220 is installed inside the semi-enclosed enclosure 201; Humidity sensor 221 is installed inside a semi-enclosed enclosure 201.

[0041] The temperature and humidity monitoring unit collects temperature and humidity data of the air inside the chamber in real time through temperature sensor 220 and humidity sensor 221 installed in the semi-enclosed chamber 201. The collected data is transmitted to the data analysis and processing system 5 through the communication cable, providing a basis for the temperature and humidity control unit to ensure that the temperature and humidity inside the chamber are always maintained within the set range required for the simulation experiment, and at the same time providing accurate environmental parameter data support for the study of the diffusion law of fire smoke.

[0042] The temperature sensor 220 has a monitoring range of -20℃ to 60℃ and an accuracy of ±0.5℃ to ±1.0℃; the humidity sensor 221 has a monitoring range of 0%RH to 100%RH and an accuracy of ±2%RH to ±5%. Both sensors are explosion-proof and adaptable to the potential high temperature and dust environment inside the enclosure. The sensor installation locations avoid direct airflow and direct radiation from fire sources. Three points at different heights inside the enclosure are selected for distributed installation to ensure the representativeness and accuracy of the collected data. The sensors are connected to the network switch via communication cable I to achieve real-time data transmission.

[0043] Further optimization of the scheme, the dynamic dust control system 3 includes: Mounting bracket 301 is fixed to the top of the semi-enclosed enclosure 201; The water supply module includes a circulating water tank 302 installed on the mounting frame 301. The circulating water tank 302 is connected to the water storage tank 217 through a pipe I 303. A booster pump II 304 is installed on the pipe. Dust suppressant storage box 305 is mounted on mounting frame 301. A feed pipe 306 is installed on the top of dust suppressant storage box 305 and a discharge pipe 307 is connected to the bottom of dust suppressant storage box 305. A servo motor 308 is installed on the discharge pipe 307. A mixing agitator 309 is mounted on a mounting bracket 301. The mixing agitator 309 is connected to the circulating water tank 302 via a pipe II 310. The discharge pipe 307 is connected to the mixing agitator 309. Multi-stage stirring blades 311 are rotatably connected to the mixing mixer 309 via stirring shaft 312. The spiral nozzle 313 is installed at the bottom of the mounting frame 301 and extends into the semi-enclosed box 201. The spiral nozzle 313 has several nozzles 314 arranged in an internal spiral shape. The spiral nozzle 313 is connected to the mixing agitator 309 through the nozzle feed pipe 315. The mounting frame 301 is equipped with a pressure pump Ⅲ 316, which is connected to the nozzle feed pipe 315. The dust suppressant storage box 305 is provided with an observation window 317 on its side wall.

[0044] The dynamic dust suppression control system 3 is supported by the mounting frame 301. The pressurization pump II 304 in the water supply module delivers water from the water storage tank 217 to the circulating water tank 302 for storage. The dust suppressant storage tank 305 is replenished with dust suppressant through the feed pipe 306. The servo motor 308 controls the opening of the discharge pipe 307 to send the dust suppressant into the mixer 309. At the same time, the water in the circulating water tank 302 is sent into the mixer 309 through the pipe II 310. The stirring shaft 312 drives the multi-stage stirring blades 311 to fully mix the dust suppressant and water. After the mixed dust suppressant solution is pressurized by the pressurization pump III 316, it is delivered to the spiral nozzle 313 through the nozzle feed pipe 315. The inner spiral nozzle 314 on the spiral nozzle 313 atomizes the dust suppressant solution and sprays it into the tank to achieve precise dust suppression. The observation window 317 can be used to view the dust suppressant reserve in real time.

[0045] The diameters of the connecting pipe I 303 between the ring water tank and the storage tank 217, and the pipe II 310 between the circulating water tank 302 and the mixer 309, are both set to 70-80mm. The pressure parameters of the booster pump II 304 are adapted to the water supply requirements. The observation window 317 of the dust suppressant storage tank 305 is made of a high-transmittance material, facilitating clear observation of the internal storage volume. The diameter of the mixing shaft 312 of the mixer 309 is set to 20-30mm, the length of the multi-stage mixing blades 311 is 60-80mm, and the mixing speed is 2. The spray speed is 00-600 rpm to ensure that the dust suppressant and water are fully mixed within 5 minutes; the nozzle angle of the spiral nozzle 313 is set to 120°-170°, the working pressure is 0.4-3MPa, the median droplet diameter is less than 19.7μm, and the flow rate range is 5.5-140L / min. The output pressure of the pressure pump Ⅲ316 is matched with the working pressure of the spiral nozzle 313. At the same time, a pressure sensor is installed on the nozzle feed pipe 315 to monitor the delivery pressure in real time to ensure spraying stability.

[0046] Further optimization of the solution, the dust source dynamic tracking system 4 includes: Multi-angle adjustment bracket 401 is installed on top of load-bearing sliding base 1; Dust detection device 402 is installed on multi-angle adjustment frame 401; The laser scattering device is installed on the top surface of the load-bearing sliding base 1; Infrared imaging device 403 is fixed on the load-bearing sliding base 1 by a support frame; Gas sensor 404 is mounted on the top surface of multi-angle adjustment bracket 401.

[0047] The dust source dynamic tracking system 4 adjusts the monitoring angle of the dust identification device 402 through the multi-angle adjustment frame 401 to capture dust in different areas inside the box; the laser scattering device detects the dust concentration and particle size distribution in real time; the infrared imaging device 403 locates the fire source and tracks the fire intensity by detecting abnormal temperature areas; and the gas sensing device 404 collects data on the composition of the flue gas inside the box. The dust, fire source, and gas data collected by each device are transmitted in a coordinated manner to form a comprehensive dynamic tracking of dust and fire sources in the confined space, providing data support for the formulation of subsequent prevention and control strategies.

[0048] The dust identification device 402 uses a high-definition dust camera with a resolution of ≥4K and a frame rate of 1000-10000fps to monitor the dust particle size distribution and migration trajectory; the laser scattering device has a scattering angle range of 8°-162° and an angle conversion speed of 20° / s. The semiconductor laser emits a 532nm laser, which, together with the filter and the scattered light intensity detector, enables accurate detection of dust concentration; the infrared imaging device 403 uses a thermal imager with a temperature measurement range of -40℃ to +560℃, an accuracy of ±2℃, and a field of view of 56°×42°; the gas sensing device 404 has a monitoring range of 0-350ppm and is equipped with a gas pump to improve the efficiency of flue gas collection. All devices are connected to the network switch through corresponding communication cables to ensure that the data is transmitted to the data analysis and processing system 5 in real time.

[0049] Further optimization of the scheme: The data analysis and processing system 5 includes an intelligent controller 501, a data fusion module 502, a feature extraction module 503, a strategy optimization module 504, and a data acquisition device 505. The intelligent controller 501, the data fusion module 502, the feature extraction module 503, and the strategy optimization module 504 are all connected to the data acquisition device 505.

[0050] The data analysis and processing system 5 is centered on the data acquisition device 505. First, the data acquisition device 505 receives multi-source data transmitted from the temperature and humidity monitoring unit, the dust source dynamic tracking system 4, and various sensors. Then, the feature extraction module 503 extracts key features such as dust concentration, fire source coordinates, temperature and humidity, and smoke composition from the data. The data fusion module 502 integrates and analyzes the multi-source feature data to eliminate data redundancy and bias. The strategy optimization module 504 generates dynamic prevention and control strategies (such as spray intensity and nozzle angle adjustment commands) based on the fused data. Finally, the intelligent controller 501 converts the strategy into control signals and sends them to the dynamic dust control system 3, the fire source simulation unit, and other actuators to realize intelligent identification and prevention and control of fire smoke in confined spaces.

[0051] The data acquisition device 505 must support multi-threaded parallel processing and be able to receive data from at least 8 different modules simultaneously, with a data transmission delay of ≤50ms. The feature extraction module 503 must have the functions of automatic identification of dust concentration exceeding the limit (≥200mg / m³) and accurate positioning of fire source coordinates (error ≤5cm). The data fusion module 502 adopts a multi-source information fusion algorithm and can perform real-time fusion of data from dust cameras, laser scatterers, thermal imagers, and gas sensors, with a fusion accuracy of ≥95%. The strategy optimization module 504 must preset prevention and control strategy templates for different scenarios (such as high-concentration dust and concealed fire sources) and can dynamically adjust them according to real-time data. The intelligent controller 501 adopts a modular structure and is connected to each actuator (such as solenoid valves, pressure pumps, and servo motors 308) through dedicated cables, with a control response time of ≤20ms to ensure rapid execution of prevention and control commands.

[0052] A method for early intelligent identification and prevention of smoke and dust in confined space fires includes the following steps: Step 1: Environmental parameters preset and device initialization. Adjust the overall position of the device through the load-bearing sliding base 1, start the temperature and humidity control unit, dust generation unit and air supply unit, and introduce the set temperature, humidity and dust concentration into the semi-enclosed box 201 to simulate the initial state of the actual confined space environment. Step 2: Fire smoke simulation and environmental monitoring. The fire source simulation unit is activated to generate simulated initial fire smoke. At the same time, the temperature and humidity monitoring unit and the air pressure monitoring unit monitor the changes in environmental parameters inside the chamber in real time. The black back panel and the supplementary light are used to enhance the visibility of smoke and dust, making it easier to observe the diffusion behavior of smoke and dust. Step 3: Dynamic tracking and data acquisition of dust sources. The dust source dynamic tracking system 4 captures and records the movement trajectory of smoke and dust in the semi-enclosed box 201 in real time, and transmits the images and time series data to the data analysis and processing system 5. Step 4: Smoke feature recognition and intelligent analysis. The data analysis and processing system 5 extracts features such as grayscale, texture, and motion speed from the collected smoke images. Combined with temperature, humidity, and air pressure data, it determines the smoke diffusion stage and risk level, and generates early fire smoke recognition results. Step 5: Dynamic dust suppression control response. Based on the identification results, the dynamic dust suppression control system 3 is triggered to adjust the direction and dosage of dust suppressant spray according to the location and diffusion state of the dust source, so as to achieve directional suppression and settling control of smoke and dust. Step 6: Circular feedback and optimized prevention and control. Continuously monitor the environmental parameters and dust status inside the chamber after regulation and control. Optimize the regulation and control strategy in real time through the data analysis and processing system 5 to form a closed-loop intelligent prevention and control process of monitoring-identification-regulation-verification. Step 7: Data recording and output. Record environmental parameters, smoke and dust movement data, and control response logs throughout the entire process, and generate a prevention and control effect evaluation report to provide data support and strategy reference for actual confined space fire prevention and control.

[0053] The complete work process is as follows: 1. Experimental setup and initial configuration; The semi-enclosed housing 201 is installed on the load-bearing sliding base 1, and the base is fixed by a mechanical locking mechanism. The pressure nozzle 209 in the dust generation device is connected to the dust conveying pipeline through a threaded sealing interface. The other end of the dust conveying pipeline is connected to the dust storage box 207 through a plug-in device. The air compression system 208 is connected to the inlet above the pressure nozzle 209 through a pressure conduit, forming a closed dust spraying circuit. One end of the water conveying pipe is connected to the liquid outlet at the bottom of the water storage device, and the other end is fixed to the humidification device with a clamp. The humidification device is equipped with a spray nozzle on the top, and its start and stop are controlled by the intelligent controller 501 through the access cable line. The constant temperature heating device is installed in the center of the bottom of the housing. The constant temperature heating device has a built-in heating plate and temperature control circuit. The power supply is connected to the intelligent controller 501, which sends an electrical signal to control the start and stop and adjust the power output of the heating device. Temperature and humidity sensors and air pressure sensors are respectively installed on the middle side wall of the enclosure via positioning slots; both are connected to the data acquisition device 505 via data cables for real-time acquisition of environmental parameters inside the enclosure. The fire source simulation device is placed entirely in the center of the front end of the enclosure. The fire source bracket is welded to the bottom of the enclosure using fixed weld points. The oil pan 203 is placed on top of the bracket. The ignition device is controlled by the intelligent controller 501 to trigger the arc and complete ignition. The quality recorder 204 is connected to the data acquisition device 505 via a cable to record combustion mass loss. Fireproof panels 202 are installed above and behind the fire source area to insulate and protect the enclosure structure. The airflow inlet is connected to the air duct 213 via a sealed joint. The other end of the air duct 213 is connected to the variable frequency fan 212. The fan's start-up is controlled by the intelligent controller 501 to regulate the power supply and speed. The wind speed monitoring and adjustment device 214 is fixed in the convection zone inside the enclosure. Its output signal is input to the data acquisition device 505 via a data cable for wind speed closed-loop feedback control. The LED light-emitting panel is fixed to the left and right sides of the top of the box via a magnetic structure. Its power supply control line is connected to the intelligent controller 501 for illumination compensation control during the experiment. The dust suppressant storage device and water storage device are connected to the left and right inlets of the mixer 309 via water inlet pipes. The stirring shaft 312 inside the mixer 309 is directly driven by a motor, which drives the stirring blades to achieve fluid mixing. The discharge port of the mixer is connected to the dust suppression spray device via a liquid delivery pipe. The spiral nozzle 313 inside the spray device receives liquid through the nozzle feed pipe 315. The nozzle is driven to rotate by a servo motor 308 to achieve atomized spray control. The dust identification device 402, laser scattering device, infrared imaging device 403, and gas sensing device 404 are fixed to the designated monitoring area of ​​the box via a frame or guide rail structure. All sensor signal lines and power lines are connected to the data acquisition device 505, which is then connected to the data processing, analysis, and optimization device via a high-speed bus for subsequent unified information fusion and output control.

[0054] 2. Setting environmental parameters and starting the experiment; The intelligent controller 501 issues a start command, sequentially supplying power to the constant temperature heating device and the humidification device. The constant temperature heating device continuously heats the heating plate through its internal thermistor control circuit. When the temperature reaches 35±1℃, the temperature and humidity sensor sends a feedback signal, and the data acquisition device 505 judges and controls the intelligent controller 501 to adjust the output power to stabilize the temperature. Under the controller's command, the humidification device activates its internal ultrasonic atomization module to convert the water input from the water supply pipe into a fine water mist that enters the chamber, raising the humidity to 70±5%RH. The LED light panel is activated simultaneously to provide illumination, ensuring that the image recognition device can obtain a clear image. After receiving the control signal, the variable frequency fan 212 gradually increases its speed, delivering turbulent airflow into the chamber. The wind speed signal is fed back in real time by the wind power monitoring and adjustment device 214 to the data acquisition device 505, forming a closed-loop control to achieve a constant wind speed within the range of 1.5±0.1m / s. During the dust conveying process, the intelligent controller 501 sends a command to the air compression system 208 to inject compressed gas into the inner cavity of the pressure nozzle 209; simultaneously, the pressurization pump I 210 receives a control signal and continuously supplies material from the dust storage bin 207 to the dust conveying pipeline. The material is then sprayed into the housing through the pressure nozzle 209, creating a particulate suspended dust environment with an average concentration of 200±20 mg / m³.

[0055] 3. Generation of information collection execution parameters; The dust identification device 402 imaging unit acquires images of dust movement, converts them into image matrix signals, and transmits them to the data acquisition device 505 via communication cable I. The image data is then processed in the data acquisition device 505 to form pixel image data. The laser scattering device acquires particle size scattering intensity through laser irradiation and converts it into spatial particle size distribution data. The infrared imaging device 403 detects the thermal infrared spectrum of the temperature rise area and calibrates the coordinates of the high-temperature center. The gas sensing device 404 monitors volume fraction change data. All of the above data are input in real-time to the data acquisition device 505 for synchronous calibration and time-series processing, and then uniformly transmitted to the data processing, analysis, and optimization device. The data fusion module 502 performs spatial registration of the image, scattering, and thermal image information to generate a concentration-temperature rise superimposed thermal map. The feature extraction module 503 extracts the boundary of the high-concentration area, the temperature rise center, the hazard level, and the concentration change gradient. The strategy optimization module 504 calculates the required response parameters for spraying based on the analysis results, including spray angle, pressure level, duration, and nozzle number, and outputs a control command set.

[0056] 4. Command execution and dot matrix spray response control; According to the control commands mentioned above, the intelligent controller 501 sequentially opens solenoid valve III, solenoid valve IV, and pressurizing pump II 304, injecting the water from the water storage device and the solution from the dust suppressant storage device into the mixing agitator 309. The stirring shaft 312 inside the agitator is driven by a motor to rotate, causing the liquid to form a high-speed vortex mixture, outputting a constant concentration of dust suppressant liquid. The mixed liquid is then transported to the dust suppression spray device through the agitator outlet. Inside the dust suppression spray device, the spiral nozzle 313 receives the liquid and atomizes it under pressure. The servo motor 308 adjusts the nozzle rotation angle according to the control signal to achieve directional fan-shaped coverage, with the spray angle controlled at 140°±10° and the spray flow rate controlled at 30-40 L / min.

[0057] 5. Spraying termination and data recording; The dust identification device 402 and the laser scattering device continuously monitor the dust concentration. When the concentration drops below 100 mg / m³ and remains stable for more than 5 minutes, the data acquisition device 505 sends a command to the intelligent controller 501 to shut down the pressurization pump, solenoid valve, and servo motor 308, thus terminating the spraying. The data acquisition device 505 records temperature, humidity, wind speed, images, infrared, and gas information throughout the experiment and exports the experimental data for system performance evaluation. The experiment must be repeated at least three times; only experiments with all indicators meeting the requirements are considered valid.

[0058] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0059] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A confined space fire smoke early intelligent identification and prevention simulation device, characterized in that, include: Load-bearing sliding base (1); A confined space simulation system (2) includes a semi-enclosed box (201). The semi-enclosed box (201) is equipped with a fire source simulation unit, a temperature and humidity monitoring unit, and an air pressure monitoring unit. The load-bearing sliding base (1) is equipped with a dust generation unit, an air conveying unit, and a temperature and humidity control unit. The dust generation unit, the air conveying unit, and the temperature and humidity control unit are respectively connected to the semi-enclosed box (201). Dynamic dust control system (3), the dynamic dust control system (3) is arranged on the top of the semi-enclosed box (201) and is connected to the semi-enclosed box (201); Dust source dynamic tracking system (4), the dust source dynamic tracking system (4) is arranged on the top of the load-bearing sliding base (1) and corresponds to the semi-enclosed box (201); A data analysis and processing system (5) is connected to the dust source dynamic tracking system (4); The semi-enclosed box (201) has a black back panel on the back and a transparent panel on the front; the semi-enclosed box (201) is equipped with a supplementary light.

2. The confined space fire smoke early intelligent identification and prevention simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire source simulation unit includes: Fireproof board (202), the fireproof board (202) is fixed inside the semi-enclosed box (201); An oil pan (203) is placed on the fireproof board (202) via a fire source bracket; A quality recorder (204) is installed inside the semi-enclosed enclosure (201), and the probe of the quality recorder (204) is installed at the bottom of the oil pan (203) for detecting fuel quality. Igniter (205) is installed on the side wall of the oil pan (203), and the end of the igniter (205) is arranged corresponding to the inner cavity of the oil pan (203).

3. The confined space fire smoke early intelligent identification and prevention simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust generation unit includes: A device frame (206) is mounted on the load-bearing sliding base (1); A dust storage bin (207) is mounted on the device frame (206); An air compression system (208) is connected to the dust storage box (207), and a pressure nozzle (209) is installed at the output end of the air compression system (208), which is connected to the semi-enclosed box (201). A pressure pump I (210) is mounted on a device frame (206) and connected to the air compression system (208); Intelligent control system (211) is connected to air compression system (208).

4. The confined space fire smoke early intelligent identification and prevention simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air supply unit includes: A variable frequency fan (212) is installed on the load-bearing sliding base (1). An air duct (213) is installed at the output end of the variable frequency fan (212). An air inlet is opened on the semi-enclosed box (201). The air duct (213) is connected to the air inlet. Wind power monitoring and regulation device (214), which is connected to the variable frequency fan (212); The semi-enclosed box (201) is provided with an emergency exhaust pressure relief port (215), and a pressure relief valve is installed on the emergency exhaust pressure relief port (215).

5. The confined space fire smoke early intelligent identification and prevention simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature and humidity control unit includes a constant temperature heating unit and a humidification unit; The constant temperature heating unit includes: A constant temperature heater (216) is installed on the semi-enclosed box (201); The humidification unit includes: A water storage tank (217) is installed on the top surface of the load-bearing sliding base (1); Humidifier (218), the input end of which is connected to the water storage tank (217), and the output end of which is connected to the semi-enclosed box (201) through the water supply pipe (219).

6. The confined space fire smoke early intelligent identification and prevention simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature and humidity monitoring unit includes: Temperature sensor (220), the temperature sensor (220) is installed inside the semi-enclosed enclosure (201); Humidity sensor (221) is installed inside the semi-enclosed enclosure (201).

7. The confined space fire smoke early intelligent identification and prevention simulation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The dynamic dust control system (3) includes: Mounting bracket (301), which is fixed to the top of the semi-enclosed box (201); The water supply module includes a circulating water tank (302) installed on the mounting bracket (301), the circulating water tank (302) and the water storage tank (217) are connected by a pipe I (303), and a booster pump II (304) is installed on the pipe. A dust suppressant storage box (305) is installed on the mounting frame (301). A feed pipe (306) is installed on the top of the dust suppressant storage box (305), and a discharge pipe (307) is connected to the bottom of the dust suppressant storage box (305). A servo motor (308) is installed on the discharge pipe (307). A mixing agitator (309) is mounted on the mounting bracket (301). The mixing agitator (309) is connected to the circulating water tank (302) via pipe II (310). The discharge pipe (307) is connected to the mixing agitator (309). Multi-stage stirring blades (311) are rotatably connected to the mixing mixer (309) via a stirring shaft (312); A spiral nozzle (313) is installed at the bottom of the mounting frame (301) and extends into the semi-enclosed box (201). The spiral nozzle (313) has several nozzles (314) arranged in an inner spiral shape. The spiral nozzle (313) is connected to the mixing agitator (309) through a nozzle feed pipe (315). A pressure pump III (316) is installed on the mounting frame (301) and is connected to the nozzle feed pipe (315). The dust suppressant storage box (305) is provided with an observation window (317) on its side wall.

8. The confined space fire smoke early intelligent identification and prevention simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust source dynamic tracking system (4) includes: A multi-angle adjustment bracket (401) is installed on top of the load-bearing sliding base (1); A dust identification device (402) is installed on the multi-angle adjustment frame (401); A laser scattering device is installed on the top surface of the load-bearing sliding base (1); Infrared imaging device (403), the infrared imaging device (403) is fixed on the load-bearing sliding base (1) by a support frame; A gas sensing device (404) is mounted on the top surface of the multi-angle adjustment frame (401).

9. The confined space fire smoke early intelligent identification and prevention simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data analysis and processing system (5) includes an intelligent controller (501), a data fusion module (502), a feature extraction module (503), a strategy optimization module (504), and a data acquisition device (505). The intelligent controller (501), the data fusion module (502), the feature extraction module (503), and the strategy optimization module (504) are all connected to the data acquisition device (505).

10. A method for early intelligent identification and prevention of smoke and dust in confined space fires, based on the confined space fire smoke and dust early intelligent identification and prevention simulation device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Environmental parameters preset and device initialization. Adjust the overall position of the device through the load-bearing sliding base (1), start the temperature and humidity control unit, dust generation unit and air supply unit, and introduce airflow with set temperature, humidity and dust concentration into the semi-enclosed box (201) to simulate the initial state of the actual confined space environment. Step 2: Fire smoke simulation and environmental monitoring. The fire source simulation unit is activated to generate simulated initial fire smoke. At the same time, the temperature and humidity monitoring unit and the air pressure monitoring unit monitor the changes in environmental parameters inside the chamber in real time. The visibility of smoke is enhanced by the black back panel and the supplementary light, which facilitates the observation of smoke diffusion behavior. Step 3: Dynamic tracking and data acquisition of dust sources. The dust source dynamic tracking system (4) captures and records the movement trajectory of smoke and dust in the semi-enclosed box (201) in real time, and transmits the images and time series data to the data analysis and processing system (5). Step 4, Smoke feature recognition and intelligent analysis, the data analysis and processing system (5) extracts features of grayscale, texture and motion speed from the collected smoke images, and judges the smoke diffusion stage and risk level by combining temperature, humidity and air pressure data, and generates early fire smoke recognition results; Step 5, dynamic dust suppression control response, based on the identification results, trigger the dynamic dust suppression control system (3), adjust the dust suppressant injection direction and dosage according to the dust source location and diffusion state, and realize the directional suppression and settling control of smoke and dust; Step 6: Circular feedback and optimized prevention and control. After continuous monitoring and control, the environmental parameters and dust status inside the box are monitored and controlled. The control strategy is optimized in real time through the data analysis and processing system (5) to form a closed-loop intelligent prevention and control process of monitoring-identification-control-verification. Step 7: Data recording and output. Record environmental parameters, smoke and dust movement data, and control response logs throughout the entire process, and generate a prevention and control effect evaluation report to provide data support and strategy reference for actual confined space fire prevention and control.

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