Pineapple cultivation method based on mountain complex terrain no-tillage and continuous multi-season high yield

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pineapple cultivation, in particular to a mountain complex terrain no-tillage and continuous multi-season high-yield pineapple cultivation method. The pineapple cultivation method comprises the following steps that drainage ditches are dug along contour lines, and ridging is carried out; robust seedlings are selected, and field planting is conducted in a ridging wide-narrow row mode; sufficient base fertilizer is applied, and normal field management is carried out until first-season pineapples are harvested; when the pineapple fruits in the first season are harvested, the bud remaining operation is synchronously carried out; after harvesting, old leaves of the stock plants are reserved with the length of 25-30 cm, dead leaves are cut down and flatly laid on ridge surfaces, and suction buds, descendant buds and weeds which are removed during harvesting are covered between rows together; after no-tillage field management, the reserved suction buds directly grow and develop into next-season fruiting stock plants, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, normal field management is carried out, and the steps are repeated during next-season harvesting; and after continuous production for 2-3 seasons, thoroughly cleaning the garden, digging out root systems of old plants, re-planting new seedlings, and starting a next new multi-season cycle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pineapple cultivation technology, and in particular to a pineapple cultivation method based on no-till farming and continuous multi-season high yields in complex mountainous terrain. Background Technology

[0002] Pineapple, also known as pineapple, has the Latin name... Ananascomosus (L.) Merr. As an important tropical specialty fruit, pineapple cultivation typically requires selecting areas with flat terrain and loose soil, and relies on frequent field management operations such as plowing, tilling, and weeding. After planting one season of pineapples, the old plants need to be dug up, the land needs to be prepared again, fertilized, and new seedlings need to be planted before the next production cycle can begin.

[0003] The aforementioned traditional planting model has the following significant drawbacks: (1) Topographical limitations: In tropical hilly and mountainous areas, the terrain is complex, the slope is steep, and the plots are scattered, making it difficult for large agricultural machinery to enter and be used. Cultivation and planting are extremely dependent on manual labor, resulting in low efficiency and high costs.

[0004] (2) High labor intensity: From planting, weeding, flowering, fertilizing to harvesting, a lot of manpower is required in each link, especially in the steep and rugged mountainous areas, which further increases the labor intensity and danger.

[0005] (3) High production costs: Repeated land preparation, seedling purchase, transplanting and other processes increase production costs, which limits the economic benefits of mountain pineapple planting.

[0006] (4) Ecological impact: Traditional tillage methods are prone to soil erosion and damage the fragile ecological environment of mountainous areas.

[0007] Currently, although some technologies mention using pineapple suckers and offshoots for propagation, there is still a lack of conventional planting methods in the current planting and high-yield technology that can replace traditional systematic farming and repeated planting of suckers or offshoots under the special conditions of complex mountainous areas. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a pineapple cultivation method based on no-till farming and continuous multi-season high yields in complex mountainous terrain.

[0009] A method for pineapple cultivation based on no-till farming and continuous multi-season high yields in complex mountainous terrain includes the following steps: S1. Standardized planting for the first season: Select gentle slopes or terraced fields with a tropical mountain slope of <25°, dig drainage ditches and make ridges along the contour lines; select robust seedlings and plant them in a wide-narrow row pattern; apply sufficient base fertilizer and manage the field normally until the first season of pineapples is harvested. S2. Identification and selective retention of second-generation basal buds during harvest: Bud retention is carried out simultaneously during the first harvest of pineapple fruits; S3. No-till field management: After harvesting, retain 25-30cm of old leaves from the mother plant, cut down the withered leaves, lay them flat on the ridge, and cover the suckers, offshoots and weeds removed during harvesting between the rows. S4. Second Season Production and Cycle: After no-till field management, the retained suckers will directly grow and develop into fruiting mother plants for the second season. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and normal field management. Repeat steps S2 and S3 when harvesting in the second season. S5. Garden Renewal: After 2-3 consecutive seasons of production, thoroughly clean the garden, remove the roots of old plants, replant new seedlings, and begin the next new multi-season cycle.

[0010] Preferably, in S1, the ridge width is 120-130cm, the row spacing of wide rows is 60-80cm, the row spacing of narrow rows is 35-45cm, and the plant spacing is 30-35cm.

[0011] Preferably, in S2, the suckers growing at the base of the mother plant are inspected, and suckers that are low in position, vigorous in growth, free from pests and diseases, with green leaves and a height of 15-25cm are selected as seedlings for the next season; among them, 1-2 suckers that meet the standards are retained for each mother plant, and the rest of the suckers and offshoots are removed from the base.

[0012] Preferably, the raw materials of the base fertilizer include, by weight, 50-100 parts of poultry and animal manure, 20-30 parts of coated microbial agent, 40-60 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of superphosphate, 10-30 parts of potassium sulfate, 20-40 parts of waste straw, 5-15 parts of soybean meal, 1-2 parts of trace elements, 1-5 parts of dopamine hydrochloride, 1-2 parts of cysteine, 0.01-0.1 parts of ferric chloride, and 5-15 parts of humus powder.

[0013] More preferably, the trace elements include borax, zinc sulfate, and calcium nitrate, with the mass ratio of borax, zinc sulfate, and calcium nitrate being 1-2:1-2:0.1-1.

[0014] Preferably, the base fertilizer is prepared using the following steps: (1) Mix poultry and animal manure, coating agent, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, waste straw, soybean meal, and trace elements evenly, and granulate at low temperature to obtain granules; (2) Add dopamine hydrochloride, cysteine ​​and ferric chloride to water and stir evenly. Adjust the system temperature to 50-60℃ and the system pH to 8-9. Stir for 1-2 hours to obtain the coating solution. (3) Spray coating liquid onto the surface of the granules in the rolling state, add humus powder during the spraying process, freeze dry, and circulate hot air.

[0015] This invention uses a combination of dopamine hydrochloride and cysteine ​​as a coating layer. In the early stage, it slowly controls the release of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements to meet the low fertilizer requirements of suckers. The organic acids secreted by the compound microbial agent gradually promote the degradation of the coating layer, realizing the rapid release of nutrients in the later stage, which is suitable for the development needs of pineapple inflorescences. Meanwhile, the combination of humus soil and coating layer continuously releases humic acid into the roots, promoting the establishment of compound microbial agents to form a virtuous cycle and effectively avoiding soil function degradation caused by continuous cropping in multiple seasons.

[0016] The base fertilizer used in this invention has strong adaptability to mountainous areas and excellent stress resistance. The compound of borax and zinc sulfate is slowly released through the coating layer, ensuring the boron and zinc requirements during the flower bud differentiation period and jointly reducing the incidence of deformed fruit in mountainous environments. The coating layer can buffer nutrient loss through swelling and contraction, and together with the action of humus, it can effectively reduce the erosion of base fertilizer by runoff on mountain slopes. At the same time, the porous structure provided by the humus micro powder can promote the effective establishment of compound microbial agents, protect the soil mycelial network, and its mycorrhizal symbiosis helps plants absorb deep nutrients and can significantly enhance the lodging resistance of pineapples under no-till conditions.

[0017] More preferably, the temperature of the hot air circulation is 50-55℃, and the hot air circulation time is 10-30 minutes.

[0018] More preferably, the coated bacterial agent is prepared by the following steps: adding kaolin powder and compound bacterial agent to water and stirring for 10-30 minutes, adding hyaluronic acid and emulsifier and continuing to stir for 10-20 minutes to adjust the pH of the system to 5.5-6, adding it dropwise to glutaraldehyde aqueous solution while stirring, letting it stand for 1-2 hours, filtering, washing, and freeze-drying.

[0019] Specifically, the mass ratio of kaolin powder, compound bacterial agent, hyaluronic acid, and emulsifier is 10-15:1-3:1-3:0.1-1.

[0020] Specifically, the compound microbial agent includes: Bacillus thuringiensis, Rhizopus moniliformis, free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and photosynthetic bacteria.

[0021] More specifically, the viable count of Bacillus thuringiensis is 2-7 × 10⁻⁷. 8 The cfu / g count of *Mammillariae* was 1-3 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, viable count of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria is 6-9 × 10⁻⁶. 8 cfu / g, viable count of photosynthetic bacteria is 1-5×10 8 cfu / g.

[0022] Beneficial effects: (1) Completely no-till, adapted to mountainous areas: It completely avoids the difficult and expensive tillage work in complex mountainous areas, and uses plant residues as a cover, turning waste into treasure. It is very suitable for mountainous environments where machinery cannot operate.

[0023] (2) Great cost savings: Saves the cost of repeated seedling purchase, seedling cultivation and transplanting; reduces the large amount of manual labor input for weeding and land preparation; improves management efficiency and reduces overall production costs by 50-60%.

[0024] (3) Multiple harvests and shortened cycle: The basal buds that are retained already have a certain growth foundation, which shortens the production cycle by 2 to 3 months compared with the seedlings that are replanted. They can flower and bear fruit earlier, realizing the transformation from "single-season planting" to "multiple-season harvests" and increasing the annual output per unit of land.

[0025] (4) Ecological and environmental protection: The surface is covered all year round, which effectively prevents the loss of soil and nutrients caused by rainstorms, improves the soil micro-ecological environment, and is an environmentally friendly and sustainable cultivation model.

[0026] (5) High quality and high yield: By selectively retaining buds, the robustness of the next generation of plants is ensured, and the matching precise fertilization management ensures that the fruit yield and quality do not decline due to multiple seasons of planting.

[0027] In summary, this invention is a complete technical solution for achieving continuous and efficient multi-season production by systematically combining shoot retention and no-till technology with subsequent high-yield management under complex mountainous conditions.

[0028] This invention provides a no-till, multi-season, high-yield pineapple cultivation method based on complex tropical mountainous terrain. By selectively retaining second-generation basal buds (suckers) instead of the traditional replanting method, and combined with supporting no-till management technology for mountainous areas, it is possible to achieve stable and high yields for multiple seasons without soil tillage, greatly saving labor and seedling costs. It is particularly suitable for complex mountainous environments where mechanized large-scale application is not feasible. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 Comparison charts showing pineapple production in different seasons (Figures 1-3)

[0030] Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of the overall cost reduction rate for each of the three quarters.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of the net profit growth rate for each of the three quarters.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the soluble solids content of pineapple fruits obtained in the first and last seasons of Example 5 and Comparative Examples 1-3. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. The given embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit its scope. The embodiments provided below can serve as a guide for further improvements by those skilled in the art and do not constitute a limitation on the invention in any way.

[0034] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods, performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0035] Bacillus thuringiensis accession number: CCTCC AB 205426; Rhizocystis moniliformis accession number: GDMCC NO.3.1009; Azotobacter chrysogenum accession number: GDMCC NO.1.272; Anabaena blue bacterium accession number: CCTCC HB20082423; All strains used below were purchased from Hainan Jinqi Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd.

[0036] Example 1 A method for pineapple cultivation based on no-till farming and continuous multi-season high yields in complex mountainous terrain includes the following steps: S1. Standardized planting for the first season: Select gentle slopes or terraced fields with a tropical mountain slope of <25°, dig drainage ditches and ridges along contour lines; select robust seedlings and plant them in a ridge wide-narrow row pattern, with a ridge width of 120cm, a wide row spacing of 60cm, a narrow row spacing of 35cm, and a plant spacing of 30cm; apply sufficient base fertilizer and manage the field normally until the first season of pineapples is harvested. S2. Identification and selective retention of second-generation basal buds during harvest: When harvesting pineapple fruits in the first season, bud retention is carried out simultaneously; check the suckers growing at the base of the mother plant, and select suckers that are low in position, vigorous in growth, free from pests and diseases, with green leaves and a height of 15cm as seedlings for the next season; among them, one sucker that meets the standard is retained for each mother plant, and all other suckers and offshoots are removed from the base; S3. No-till field management: After harvesting, retain 25cm of the old leaves of the mother plant, cut down the dead leaves, lay them flat on the ridge, and cover the suckers, offshoots and weeds removed during harvesting between the rows. S4. Second Season Production and Cycle: After no-till field management, the retained suckers will directly grow and develop into fruiting mother plants for the second season. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and normal field management. Repeat steps S2 and S3 when harvesting in the second season. S5. Garden Renewal: After three consecutive seasons of production, thoroughly clean the garden, remove the roots of old plants, replant new seedlings, and begin the next new multi-season cycle.

[0037] The raw materials for the base fertilizer include: 500g chicken manure, 200g coated microbial agent, 400g urea, 100g superphosphate, 100g potassium sulfate, 200g corn stalks, 50g soybean meal, 10g trace elements, 10g dopamine hydrochloride, 10g cysteine, 0.1g ferric chloride, and 50g humus powder. The trace elements are composed of borax, zinc sulfate, and calcium nitrate in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.1.

[0038] The base fertilizer used is prepared using the following steps: (1) Mix chicken manure, coating agent, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, corn stalks, soybean meal and trace elements evenly, and granulate at low temperature using an extrusion granulator to obtain granules; (2) Add dopamine hydrochloride, cysteine ​​and ferric chloride to 200g of water and stir evenly. Adjust the temperature of the system to 50℃. Use 1mol / L sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH of the system to 8-9. Stir for 1h to obtain the coating solution. (3) Add the granules to a coating pan with a rotation speed of 10 r / min, spray the coating liquid while stirring, add humus powder during the spraying process, freeze dry, and circulate hot air at 50℃ for 10 min.

[0039] The above-mentioned coated bacterial agent was prepared by the following steps: 10g of kaolin powder and 1g of compound bacterial agent were added to 30g of deionized water and stirred for 10min at a stirring speed of 1000r / min. 1g of hyaluronic acid and 0.1g of Tween 80 were added and stirred for another 10min to adjust the pH of the system to 5.5-6. Under stirring, the mixture was added dropwise to 100g of 0.1mol / L glutaraldehyde aqueous solution, allowed to stand for 1h, filtered, washed, and freeze-dried.

[0040] The compound microbial agent includes: a live bacteria count of 2×10⁻⁶. 8 Bacillus thuringiensis cfu / g, viable count 1×10⁻⁶ 9 The viable count of *Megiria fusacea* was 6 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 The viable count of *Azotobacter chrysogenum* was 1 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 Anabaena cfu / g.

[0041] Example 2 A method for pineapple cultivation based on no-till farming and continuous multi-season high yields in complex mountainous terrain includes the following steps: S1. Standardized planting for the first season: Select gentle slopes or terraced fields with a tropical mountain slope of <25°, dig drainage ditches and ridges along contour lines; select robust seedlings and plant them in a ridge wide-narrow row pattern, with a ridge width of 130cm, a wide row spacing of 80cm, a narrow row spacing of 45cm, and a plant spacing of 35cm; apply sufficient base fertilizer and manage the field normally until the first season of pineapples is harvested. S2. Identification and selective retention of second-generation basal buds during harvest: When harvesting pineapple fruits in the first season, bud retention is carried out simultaneously; check the suckers growing at the base of the mother plant, and select suckers that are low in position, vigorous in growth, free from pests and diseases, with green leaves and a height of 25cm as seedlings for the next season; among them, one sucker that meets the standard is retained for each mother plant, and all other suckers and offshoots are removed from the base; S3. No-till field management: After harvesting, retain 30cm of the old leaves of the mother plant, cut down the dead leaves, lay them flat on the ridge, and cover the suckers, offshoots and weeds removed during harvesting between the rows. S4. Second Season Production and Cycle: After no-till field management, the retained suckers will directly grow and develop into fruiting mother plants for the second season. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and normal field management. Repeat steps S2 and S3 when harvesting in the second season. S5. Garden Renewal: After three consecutive seasons of production, thoroughly clean the garden, remove the roots of old plants, replant new seedlings, and begin the next new multi-season cycle.

[0042] The raw materials for the base fertilizer include: 1000g chicken manure, 300g coated microbial agent, 600g urea, 200g superphosphate, 300g potassium sulfate, 400g corn stalks, 150g soybean meal, 20g trace elements, 50g dopamine hydrochloride, 20g cysteine, 1g ferric chloride, and 150g humus powder. The trace elements are composed of borax, zinc sulfate, and calcium nitrate in a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0043] The base fertilizer used is prepared using the following steps: (1) Mix chicken manure, coating agent, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, corn stalks, soybean meal and trace elements evenly, and granulate at low temperature using an extrusion granulator to obtain granules; (2) Add dopamine hydrochloride, cysteine ​​and ferric chloride to 300g of water and stir evenly. Adjust the temperature of the system to 60℃. Adjust the pH of the system to 8-9 using a 2mol / L sodium hydroxide solution. Stir for 2h to obtain the coating solution. (3) Add the granules to a coating pan with a rotation speed of 30 r / min, spray the coating liquid while stirring, add humus powder during the spraying process, freeze dry, and circulate hot air at 55℃ for 30 min.

[0044] The above-mentioned coated bacterial agent was prepared by the following steps: 15g of kaolin powder and 3g of compound bacterial agent were added to 60g of deionized water and stirred for 30min at a stirring speed of 2000r / min. 3g of hyaluronic acid and 1g of Tween 80 were added and stirred for another 20min to adjust the pH of the system to 5.5-6. Under stirring, the mixture was added dropwise to 200g of 0.5mol / L glutaraldehyde aqueous solution, allowed to stand for 2h, filtered, washed, and freeze-dried.

[0045] The compound microbial agent includes: a live bacteria count of 7 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Bacillus thuringiensis cfu / g, viable count 3×10⁻⁶ 9 The viable count of *Mingrucidia erythropoietin* was 9 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 The viable count of *Azotobacter chrysogenum* was 5 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 Anabaena cfu / g.

[0046] Example 3 A method for pineapple cultivation based on no-till farming and continuous multi-season high yields in complex mountainous terrain includes the following steps: S1. Standardized planting for the first season: Select gentle slopes or terraced fields with a tropical mountain slope of <25°, dig drainage ditches and ridges along contour lines; select robust seedlings and plant them in a ridge wide-narrow row pattern, with a ridge width of 125cm, a wide row spacing of 70cm, a narrow row spacing of 40cm, and a plant spacing of 35cm; apply sufficient base fertilizer and manage the field normally until the first season of pineapples is harvested. S2. Identification and selective retention of second-generation basal buds during harvest: When harvesting pineapple fruits in the first season, bud retention is carried out simultaneously; check the suckers growing at the base of the mother plant, and select suckers that are low in position, vigorous in growth, free from pests and diseases, with green leaves and a height of 20cm as seedlings for the next season; among them, retain 2 suckers that meet the standards for each mother plant, and remove the rest of the suckers and offshoots from the base; S3. No-till field management: After harvesting, retain the old leaves of the mother plant at a length of 28±2cm, cut down the dead leaves, lay them flat on the ridge surface, and cover the suckers, offshoots and weeds removed during harvesting between the rows. S4. Second Season Production and Cycle: After no-till field management, the retained suckers will directly grow and develop into fruiting mother plants for the second season. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and normal field management. Repeat steps S2 and S3 when harvesting in the second season. S5. Garden Renewal: After three consecutive seasons of production, thoroughly clean the garden, remove the roots of old plants, replant new seedlings, and begin the next new multi-season cycle.

[0047] The raw materials for the base fertilizer include: 700g chicken manure, 280g coated microbial agent, 450g urea, 170g superphosphate, 150g potassium sulfate, 350g corn stalks, 80g soybean meal, 18g trace elements, 20g dopamine hydrochloride, 17g cysteine, 0.2g ferric chloride, and 120g humus powder. The trace elements are composed of borax, zinc sulfate, and calcium nitrate in a mass ratio of 13:18:3.

[0048] The base fertilizer used is prepared using the following steps: (1) Mix chicken manure, coating agent, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, corn stalks, soybean meal and trace elements evenly, and granulate at low temperature using an extrusion granulator to obtain granules; (2) Add dopamine hydrochloride, cysteine ​​and ferric chloride to 280g of water and stir evenly. Adjust the temperature of the system to 52℃. Adjust the pH of the system to 8-9 using a 1.5mol / L sodium hydroxide solution. Stir for 100min to obtain the coating solution. (3) Add the granules to a coating pan with a rotation speed of 15 r / min, spray the coating liquid while stirring, add humus powder during the spraying process, freeze dry, and circulate hot air at 54℃ for 15 min.

[0049] The above-mentioned coated bacterial agent was prepared by the following steps: 13g of kaolin powder and 1.5g of compound bacterial agent were added to 50g of deionized water and stirred for 15min at a stirring speed of 1800r / min. 1.5g of hyaluronic acid and 0.7g of Tween 80 were added and stirred for another 12min to adjust the pH of the system to 5.5-6. Under stirring, the solution was added dropwise to 170g of 0.2mol / L glutaraldehyde aqueous solution. The solution was allowed to stand for 100min, filtered, washed, and freeze-dried.

[0050] The compound microbial agent includes: a live bacteria count of 3 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Bacillus thuringiensis cfu / g, viable count 2.5 × 10⁻⁶ 9 The viable count of *Megiria fusacea* was 7 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 The viable count of *Azotobacter chrysogenum* was 4 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 Anabaena cfu / g.

[0051] Example 4 A method for pineapple cultivation based on no-till farming and continuous multi-season high yields in complex mountainous terrain includes the following steps: S1. Standardized planting for the first season: Select gentle slopes or terraced fields with a tropical mountain slope of <25°, dig drainage ditches and ridges along contour lines; select robust seedlings and plant them in a ridge wide-narrow row pattern, with a ridge width of 125cm, a wide row spacing of 70cm, a narrow row spacing of 40cm, and a plant spacing of 35cm; apply sufficient base fertilizer and manage the field normally until the first season of pineapples is harvested. S2. Identification and selective retention of second-generation basal buds during harvest: When harvesting pineapple fruits in the first season, bud retention is carried out simultaneously; check the suckers growing at the base of the mother plant, and select suckers that are low in position, vigorous in growth, free from pests and diseases, with green leaves and a height of 20cm as seedlings for the next season; among them, retain 2 suckers that meet the standards for each mother plant, and remove the rest of the suckers and offshoots from the base; S3. No-till field management: After harvesting, retain the old leaves of the mother plant at a length of 28±2cm, cut down the dead leaves, lay them flat on the ridge surface, and cover the suckers, offshoots and weeds removed during harvesting between the rows. S4. Second Season Production and Cycle: After no-till field management, the retained suckers will directly grow and develop into fruiting mother plants for the second season. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and normal field management. Repeat steps S2 and S3 when harvesting in the second season. S5. Garden Renewal: After three consecutive seasons of production, thoroughly clean the garden, remove the roots of old plants, replant new seedlings, and begin the next new multi-season cycle.

[0052] The raw materials for the base fertilizer include: 900g chicken manure, 220g coated microbial agent, 550g urea, 130g superphosphate, 250g potassium sulfate, 250g corn stalks, 120g soybean meal, 12g trace elements, 40g dopamine hydrochloride, 13g cysteine, 0.8g ferric chloride, and 80g humus powder. The trace elements are composed of borax, zinc sulfate, and calcium nitrate in a mass ratio of 17:12:7.

[0053] The base fertilizer used is prepared using the following steps: (1) Mix chicken manure, coating agent, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, corn stalks, soybean meal and trace elements evenly, and granulate at low temperature using an extrusion granulator to obtain granules; (2) Add dopamine hydrochloride, cysteine ​​and ferric chloride to 240g of water and stir evenly. Adjust the temperature of the system to 58℃. Use 1.5mol / L sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH of the system to 8-9. Stir for 80min to obtain the coating solution. (3) Add the granules to a coating pan with a rotation speed of 25 r / min, spray the coating liquid while stirring, add humus powder during the spraying process, freeze dry, and circulate hot air at 52℃ for 25 min.

[0054] The above-mentioned coated bacterial agent was prepared by the following steps: 11g of kaolin powder and 2.5g of compound bacterial agent were added to 40g of deionized water and stirred for 25min at a stirring speed of 1200r / min. 2.5g of hyaluronic acid and 0.3g of Tween 80 were added and stirred for another 18min to adjust the pH of the system to 5.5-6. Under stirring, the solution was added dropwise to 130g of 0.4mol / L glutaraldehyde aqueous solution. The solution was allowed to stand for 80min, filtered, washed, and freeze-dried.

[0055] The compound microbial agent includes: a live bacteria count of 6 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Bacillus thuringiensis cfu / g, viable count 1.5 × 10⁻⁶ 9 The viable count of *Megiria fumaroides* was 8 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 The viable count of *Azotobacter chrysogenum* was 2 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 Anabaena cfu / g.

[0056] Example 5 The raw materials for the base fertilizer used in this embodiment include: 800g chicken manure, 250g coated microbial agent, 500g urea, 150g superphosphate, 200g potassium sulfate, 300g corn stalks, 100g soybean meal, 15g trace elements, 30g dopamine hydrochloride, 15g cysteine, 0.5g ferric chloride, and 100g humus powder. The trace elements are composed of borax, zinc sulfate, and calcium nitrate in a mass ratio of 3:3:1.

[0057] The base fertilizers used below are prepared using the following steps: (1) Mix chicken manure, coating agent, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, corn stalks, soybean meal and trace elements evenly, and granulate at low temperature using an extrusion granulator to obtain granules; (2) Add dopamine hydrochloride, cysteine ​​and ferric chloride to 260g of water and stir evenly. Adjust the temperature of the system to 55℃. Adjust the pH of the system to 8-9 using a 1.5mol / L sodium hydroxide solution. Stir for 90min to obtain the coating solution. (3) Add the granules to a coating pan with a rotation speed of 20 r / min, spray the coating liquid while stirring, add humus powder during the spraying process, freeze dry, and circulate hot air at 53℃ for 20 min.

[0058] The above-mentioned coated bacterial agent was prepared by the following steps: 12g of kaolin powder and 2g of compound bacterial agent were added to 45g of deionized water and stirred for 20min at a stirring speed of 1500r / min. 2g of hyaluronic acid and 0.5g of Tween 80 were added and stirred for another 15min to adjust the pH of the system to 5.5-6. Under stirring, the mixture was added dropwise to 150g of 0.3mol / L glutaraldehyde aqueous solution, allowed to stand for 90min, filtered, washed, and freeze-dried.

[0059] The compound microbial agent includes: a live bacteria count of 4.5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Bacillus thuringiensis cfu / g, viable count 2×10⁻⁶ 9 The viable count of *Mammillariae* was 7.5 × 10⁻⁶ CFU / g. 8 The viable count of *Azotobacter chrysogenum* was 3 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 Anabaena cfu / g.

[0060] An application trial was conducted at a high-quality pineapple cultivation demonstration base of Hainan Bert Ecological Leisure Agriculture Technology Co., Ltd. in Yucai Ecological Zone, Sanya City, Hainan Province, on a mountainous pineapple orchard with a slope of approximately 20°. The details are as follows: S1. Standardized planting for the first season (October 2017 to December 2018): Dig drainage ditches and create ridges along the contour lines, and plant "Winter Honey Pineapple" seedlings (1250 plants / mu). The ridge width is 130cm, the row spacing for wide rows is 60cm, the row spacing for narrow rows is 45cm, and the plant spacing is 35cm. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and manage the field normally until the first season of pineapples (approximately 1630kg / mu) is harvested. S2. Bud Retention and No-Till Management (January 2019): During the first pineapple harvest, bud retention was carried out simultaneously. The suckers growing at the base of the mother plant were inspected, and suckers that were low in position, vigorous, free from pests and diseases, with green leaves and a height of 20cm were selected as seedlings for the next season. Two standard suckers were retained per mother plant (approximately 1400 suckers / acre in total), and all other suckers and offshoots were removed from the base. S3. No-till field management: After harvesting, retain 25cm of the old leaves of the mother plant, cut down all dead leaves and weeds and cover them on the ridge surface, and cover the suckers, offshoots and weeds removed during harvesting between the rows. S4. Second season (January 2019 to February 2020) production: After no-till field management, the retained suckers will directly grow and develop into the next season's fruiting mother plants. Sufficient base fertilizer is applied at 15cm from the root. Normal field management is carried out until the second season of pineapples (about 1400kg / mu) is harvested. No weeding or cultivation is carried out throughout the process. S5, Third Season (February 2020 to March 2021) Production: 1300 buds are retained per mu, and steps S2 and S3 are repeated; harvesting is carried out in March 2021, with a yield of approximately 1230 kg of fruit per mu; Fourth season production (March 2021 to May 2023): 1200 buds are retained per mu, and steps S2 and S3 are repeated; harvesting is carried out in May 2023, with a yield of approximately 1100 kg of fruit per mu; After the fourth season ends, the garden is thoroughly cleaned, the roots of the old plants are dug up, and new seedlings are replanted to begin the next new multi-season cycle.

[0061] The second quarter's output was close to that of the first quarter, and due to savings in seedlings, land preparation, transplanting and a large amount of weeding labor, costs were reduced by 55%, resulting in a 38% increase in net profit in the second quarter compared to the first quarter under the traditional model.

[0062] The third quarter's output was close to that of the second quarter. The combined costs of seedlings, land preparation, transplanting, and extensive weeding were 45% lower than those of the first quarter. Net profit in the third quarter increased by 30% compared to the first quarter under the traditional model.

[0063] Fourth-quarter production was close to that of the third quarter. The combined costs of seedlings, land preparation, transplanting, and extensive weeding were 40% lower than those of the first quarter. Net profit in the fourth quarter was 27% higher than that of the first quarter under the traditional model.

[0064] Comparative Example 1 The base fertilizer obtained in Example 5 was used.

[0065] The first four seasons of pineapple were the same as in Example 5, but Comparative Example 1 was planted in a cycle until the sixth season.

[0066] The yield in the fifth quarter dropped to 987 kg / mu, significantly lower than the yield in the previous four quarters. The combined cost of seedlings, land preparation, transplanting and extensive weeding was 20% lower than in the first quarter. The net profit in the fifth quarter was only 18% higher than in the first quarter under the traditional model.

[0067] The yield in the sixth quarter dropped to 532 kg / mu, significantly lower than the yield of the previous four pineapple seasons, and serious pests and diseases (root-knot nematodes) occurred in the field. Although the comprehensive cost of seedlings, land preparation, transplanting and extensive weeding was reduced by 20% compared with the first quarter, the net profit in the sixth quarter only increased by 7.15% compared with the first quarter of the traditional model.

[0068] Comparative Example 2 The raw materials for the base fertilizer used in this comparative example include: 800g chicken manure, 250g coated microbial agent, 500g urea, 150g superphosphate, 200g potassium sulfate, 300g corn stalks, 100g soybean meal, 15g trace elements, 45g dopamine hydrochloride, 0.5g ferric chloride, and 100g humus powder. The trace elements are composed of borax, zinc sulfate, and calcium nitrate in a mass ratio of 3:3:1.

[0069] The base fertilizers used below are prepared using the following steps: (1) Mix chicken manure, coating agent, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, corn stalks, soybean meal and trace elements evenly, and granulate at low temperature using an extrusion granulator to obtain granules; (2) Add dopamine hydrochloride and ferric chloride to 260g of water and stir evenly. Adjust the system temperature to 55℃, and use 1.5mol / L sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH of the system to 8-9. Stir for 90min to obtain the coating solution. (3) Add the granules to a coating pan with a rotation speed of 20 r / min, spray the coating liquid while stirring, add humus powder during the spraying process, freeze dry, and circulate hot air at 53℃ for 20 min.

[0070] The above-mentioned coated bacterial agent was prepared by the following steps: 12g of kaolin powder and 2g of compound bacterial agent were added to 45g of deionized water and stirred for 20min at a stirring speed of 1500r / min. 2g of hyaluronic acid and 0.5g of Tween 80 were added and stirred for another 15min to adjust the pH of the system to 5.5-6. Under stirring, the mixture was added dropwise to 150g of 0.3mol / L glutaraldehyde aqueous solution, allowed to stand for 90min, filtered, washed, and freeze-dried.

[0071] The compound microbial agent includes: a live bacteria count of 4.5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Bacillus thuringiensis cfu / g, viable count 2×10⁻⁶ 9 The viable count of *Mammillariae* was 7.5 × 10⁻⁶ CFU / g. 8 The viable count of *Azotobacter chrysogenum* was 3 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 Anabaena cfu / g.

[0072] The pineapple cultivation method was consistent with that of Example 5. The yield of pineapples in the first season was 1410 kg / mu, the yield in the second season was 1180 kg / mu, the yield in the third season was 1060 kg / mu, and the yield in the fourth season was 880 kg / mu. Compared with Example 5, the yield of pineapples in Comparative Example 2 decreased significantly in each season.

[0073] Among them, Comparative Example 2's output in the second quarter was close to that of Comparative Example 2 in the first quarter, with costs reduced by 57%, and net profit in the second quarter increased by 31% compared to the first quarter of the traditional model; Comparative Example 2's output in the third quarter was close to that of the second quarter, with overall costs reduced by 42% compared to the first quarter, and net profit in the third quarter increased by 24% compared to the first quarter of the traditional model; Comparative Example 2's output in the fourth quarter was close to that of the third quarter, with overall costs reduced by 32% compared to the first quarter, and net profit in the third quarter increased by 18% compared to the first quarter of the traditional model.

[0074] Comparative Example 3 The raw materials for the base fertilizer used in this comparative example include: 800g chicken manure, 250g coated microbial agent, 500g urea, 150g superphosphate, 200g potassium sulfate, 300g corn stalks, 100g soybean meal, 15g trace elements, 30g dopamine hydrochloride, 15g cysteine, 0.5g ferric chloride, and 100g humus powder. The trace elements are composed of borax, zinc sulfate, and calcium nitrate in a mass ratio of 3:3:1.

[0075] The base fertilizers used below are prepared using the following steps: (1) Mix chicken manure, coating agent, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, corn stalks, soybean meal and trace elements evenly, and granulate at low temperature using an extrusion granulator to obtain granules; (2) Add dopamine hydrochloride, cysteine ​​and ferric chloride to 260g of water and stir evenly. Adjust the temperature of the system to 55℃. Adjust the pH of the system to 8-9 using a 1.5mol / L sodium hydroxide solution. Stir for 90min to obtain the coating solution. (3) Add the granules to a coating pan with a rotation speed of 20 r / min, spray the coating liquid while stirring, add humus powder during the spraying process, freeze dry, and circulate hot air at 53℃ for 20 min.

[0076] The above-mentioned coated bacterial agent was prepared by the following steps: 12g of kaolin powder and 2g of compound bacterial agent were added to 45g of deionized water and stirred for 20 minutes at a stirring speed of 1500r / min, and then freeze-dried.

[0077] The compound microbial agent includes: a live bacteria count of 4.5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Bacillus thuringiensis cfu / g, viable count 2×10⁻⁶ 9 The viable count of *Mammillariae* was 7.5 × 10⁻⁶ CFU / g. 8 The viable count of *Azotobacter chrysogenum* was 3 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 Anabaena cfu / g.

[0078] The pineapple cultivation method was consistent with that of Example 5. The yield of pineapples in the first season was 1250 kg / mu, the yield in the second season was 1010 kg / mu, the yield in the third season was 920 kg / mu, and the yield in the fourth season was 710 kg / mu. Compared with Example 5, the yield of pineapples in Comparative Example 2 decreased significantly in each season.

[0079] Among them, Comparative Example 3's output in the second quarter was close to that of Comparative Example 3 in the first quarter, with costs reduced by 55%, and net profit in the second quarter increased by 30% compared to the first quarter of the traditional model; Comparative Example 3's output in the third quarter was close to that of the second quarter, with overall costs reduced by 39% compared to the first quarter, and net profit in the third quarter increased by 22% compared to the first quarter of the traditional model; Comparative Example 3's output in the fourth quarter was close to that of the third quarter, with overall costs reduced by 27% compared to the first quarter, and net profit in the third quarter increased by 15% compared to the first quarter of the traditional model.

[0080] Since Example 5 and Comparative Example 1 had the same pineapple yield, overall cost reduction rate, and net profit increase rate in the first four seasons, the pineapple yield, overall cost reduction rate, and net profit increase rate for each season of Comparative Examples 1-3 were plotted as follows. Figures 1 to 3 As shown, Comparative Example 1 had the highest pineapple yield, overall cost reduction rate, and net profit increase rate in the first four seasons (equivalent to the first four seasons of Example 5), which was better than Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3. However, Comparative Example 1 experienced a significant decrease in pineapple yield, overall cost reduction rate, and net profit increase rate in the fifth and sixth seasons, and caused continuous pests and diseases in the later stages. Therefore, the cultivation method of the present invention sets a reasonable number of cultivation seasons.

[0081] Ten pineapple fruits were randomly selected from the first and last seasons of each group, and the soluble solids content was determined using a digital handheld saccharimeter.

[0082] like Figure 4 As shown, the pineapple fruits obtained in Example 5 and the first season of Comparative Example 1 had the highest soluble solids content, which was significantly better than that of Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3; while the pineapple fruits obtained in the last season of Example 5 had the highest soluble solids content, which was significantly better than that of Comparative Examples 1-3.

[0083] Example 6 The raw materials for the base fertilizer used in this embodiment include: 800g chicken manure, 250g coated microbial agent, 500g urea, 150g superphosphate, 200g potassium sulfate, 300g corn stalks, 100g soybean meal, 15g trace elements, 30g dopamine hydrochloride, 15g cysteine, 0.5g ferric chloride, and 100g humus powder. The trace elements are composed of borax, zinc sulfate, and calcium nitrate in a mass ratio of 3:3:1.

[0084] The base fertilizers used below are prepared using the following steps: (1) Mix chicken manure, coating agent, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, corn stalks, soybean meal and trace elements evenly, and granulate at low temperature using an extrusion granulator to obtain granules; (2) Add dopamine hydrochloride, cysteine ​​and ferric chloride to 260g of water and stir evenly. Adjust the temperature of the system to 55℃. Adjust the pH of the system to 8-9 using a 1.5mol / L sodium hydroxide solution. Stir for 90min to obtain the coating solution. (3) Add the granules to a coating pan with a rotation speed of 20 r / min, spray the coating liquid while stirring, add humus powder during the spraying process, freeze dry, and circulate hot air at 53℃ for 20 min.

[0085] The above-mentioned coated bacterial agent was prepared by the following steps: 12g of kaolin powder and 2g of compound bacterial agent were added to 45g of deionized water and stirred for 20min at a stirring speed of 1500r / min. 2g of hyaluronic acid and 0.5g of Tween 80 were added and stirred for another 15min to adjust the pH of the system to 5.5-6. Under stirring, the mixture was added dropwise to 150g of 0.3mol / L glutaraldehyde aqueous solution, allowed to stand for 90min, filtered, washed, and freeze-dried.

[0086] The compound microbial agent includes: a live bacteria count of 4.5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Bacillus thuringiensis cfu / g, viable count 2×10⁻⁶ 9 The viable count of *Mammillariae* was 7.5 × 10⁻⁶ CFU / g. 8 The viable count of *Azotobacter chrysogenum* was 3 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 Anabaena cfu / g.

[0087] An application experiment was conducted at a pineapple orchard with a slope of approximately 25° at the pineapple industry achievement transformation and breeding demonstration base of Hainan Bert Ecological Leisure Agriculture Technology Co., Ltd., Tianya District, Sanya City, Hainan Province. Details are as follows: S1. Standardized planting for the first season (May 2020 to July 2021): Dig drainage ditches and create ridges along the contour lines, and plant “Bert Red CH02” seedlings (1200 plants / mu). The ridge width is 120cm, the row spacing is 80cm for wide rows and 40cm for narrow rows, and the plant spacing is 35cm. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and manage the field normally until the first season of pineapples (approximately 1600kg / mu) is harvested. S2. Bud Retention and No-Till Management (January 2019): During the first pineapple harvest, bud retention was carried out simultaneously. The suckers growing at the base of the mother plant were inspected, and suckers that were low in position, vigorous, free from pests and diseases, with green leaves and a height of 20cm were selected as seedlings for the next season. Two standard suckers were retained per mother plant (approximately 1500 suckers / acre in total), and all other suckers and offshoots were removed from the base. S3. No-till field management: After harvesting, retain 25cm of the old leaves of the mother plant, cut down all dead leaves and weeds and cover them on the ridge surface, and cover the suckers, offshoots and weeds removed during harvesting between the rows. S4. Second season (July 2021 to September 2022) production: After no-till field management, the retained suckers will directly grow and develop into the next season's fruiting mother plants. Sufficient base fertilizer is applied at 15cm from the root. Normal field management is carried out until the second season of pineapples (about 1450kg / mu) is harvested. No weeding or cultivation is carried out throughout the process. S5, Third season (September 2022 to December 2023) production: 1400 buds are retained per mu, and steps S2 and S3 are repeated; harvesting is carried out in December 2023, with a yield of approximately 1300 kg / mu of fruit; Fourth season production (December 2023 to November 2024): 1350 buds are retained per mu, and steps S2 and S3 are repeated; harvesting is carried out in November 2024, with a yield of approximately 1100 kg / mu of fruit; After the fourth season ends, the garden is thoroughly cleaned, the roots of the old plants are dug up, and new seedlings are replanted to begin the next new multi-season cycle.

[0088] The second quarter's yield was close to that of the first quarter, and due to savings in seedlings, land preparation, transplanting, and extensive weeding labor, costs were reduced by 60%, resulting in a 40% increase in net profit compared to the first quarter under the traditional model. The third quarter's yield was close to that of the second quarter, with the combined costs of seedlings, land preparation, transplanting, and extensive weeding reduced by 50% compared to the first quarter, leading to a 35% increase in net profit compared to the first quarter under the traditional model. The fourth quarter's yield was close to that of the third quarter, with the combined costs of seedlings, land preparation, transplanting, and extensive weeding reduced by 45% compared to the first quarter, resulting in a 31% increase in net profit compared to the first quarter under the traditional model.

[0089] The present invention has been described in detail above. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced in a wide range of ways with equivalent parameters, concentrations, and conditions without departing from its spirit and scope, and without requiring unnecessary experiments. While specific embodiments have been provided, it should be understood that further modifications can be made to the invention. In summary, according to the principles of the invention, this application is intended to include any changes, uses, or improvements to the invention, including changes made using conventional techniques known in the art that depart from the scope disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for pineapple cultivation based on no-till farming and continuous multi-season high yields in complex mountainous terrain, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Standardized planting for the first season: Select gentle slopes or terraced fields with a tropical mountain slope of <25°, dig drainage ditches and make ridges along the contour lines; select robust seedlings and plant them in a wide-narrow row pattern; apply sufficient base fertilizer and manage the field normally until the first season of pineapples is harvested. S2. Identification and selective retention of second-generation basal buds during harvest: Bud retention is carried out simultaneously during the first harvest of pineapple fruits; S3. No-till field management: After harvesting, retain 25-30cm of old leaves from the mother plant, cut down the withered leaves, lay them flat on the ridge, and cover the suckers, offshoots and weeds removed during harvesting between the rows. S4. Second Season Production and Cycle: After no-till field management, the retained suckers will directly grow and develop into fruiting mother plants for the second season. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and normal field management. Repeat steps S2 and S3 when harvesting in the second season. S5. Garden Renewal: After 2-3 consecutive seasons of production, thoroughly clean the garden, remove the roots of old plants, replant new seedlings, and begin the next new multi-season cycle.

2. The pineapple cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the ridge width is 120-130cm, the row spacing for wide rows is 60-80cm, the row spacing for narrow rows is 35-45cm, and the plant spacing is 30-35cm.

3. The pineapple cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, check the suckers growing at the base of the mother plant and select suckers that are low in position, vigorous, free from pests and diseases, with green leaves and a height of 15-25cm as seedlings for the next season. Each mother plant retains 1-2 suckers that meet the standards, and removes the rest of the suckers and offshoots from the base.

4. The pineapple cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials for the base fertilizer include, by weight, 50-100 parts of poultry and animal manure, 20-30 parts of coated microbial agent, 40-60 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of superphosphate, 10-30 parts of potassium sulfate, 20-40 parts of waste straw, 5-15 parts of soybean meal, 1-2 parts of trace elements, 1-5 parts of dopamine hydrochloride, 1-2 parts of cysteine, 0.01-0.1 parts of ferric chloride, and 5-15 parts of humus powder.

5. The pineapple cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The trace elements include borax, zinc sulfate, and calcium nitrate, with a mass ratio of borax, zinc sulfate, and calcium nitrate of 1-2:1-2:0.1-1.

6. The pineapple cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base fertilizer used is prepared using the following steps: (1) Mix poultry and animal manure, coating agent, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, waste straw, soybean meal, and trace elements evenly, and granulate at low temperature to obtain granules; (2) Add dopamine hydrochloride, cysteine ​​and ferric chloride to water and stir evenly. Adjust the system temperature to 50-60℃ and the system pH to 8-9. Stir for 1-2 hours to obtain the coating solution. (3) Spray coating liquid onto the surface of the granules in the rolling state, add humus powder during the spraying process, freeze dry, and circulate hot air.

7. The pineapple cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The temperature of the hot air circulation is 50-55℃, and the hot air circulation time is 10-30 minutes.

8. The pineapple cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The coated bacterial agent is prepared by the following steps: Kaolin powder and compound bacterial agent are added to water and stirred for 10-30 minutes. Hyaluronic acid and emulsifier are added and stirred for another 10-20 minutes to adjust the pH of the system to 5.5-6. Under stirring, the mixture is added dropwise to glutaraldehyde aqueous solution and allowed to stand for 1-2 hours. The mixture is then filtered, washed, and freeze-dried.

9. The pineapple cultivation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The mass ratio of kaolin powder, compound bacterial agent, hyaluronic acid, and emulsifier is 10-15:1-3:1-3:0.1-1.

10. The pineapple cultivation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The compound microbial agent includes: Bacillus thuringiensis, Rhizopus moniliformis, free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and photosynthetic bacteria; The viable count of Bacillus thuringiensis is 2-7 × 10⁻⁷. 8 The cfu / g count of *Mammillariae* was 1-3 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, viable count of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria is 6-9 × 10⁻⁶. 8 cfu / g, viable count of photosynthetic bacteria is 1-5×10 8 cfu / g.

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