Integral abutment bridge with front support and rear fixing structure

Abstract

The application discloses a whole bridge abutment adopting a front support and rear fixing structure and belongs to the technical field of whole bridge abutments. The whole bridge abutment comprises a support deck base, the surface of the support deck base is assembled with a rear fixing abutment body support wall and a front support abutment body support wall, the rear fixing abutment body support wall is assembled on the side close to the soil body and plays a consolidating role, the front support abutment body support wall is assembled on the side away from the soil body and plays a supporting role, the rear fixing abutment body support wall is thicker than the front support abutment body support wall, the self-cleaning drainage structure driven by wind force is combined with the stress design of the double abutment body, and the long-term stability of the whole bridge abutment in the water accumulation environment is improved. According to the problems that the traditional drainage hole is easy to be blocked and difficult to maintain in the prior art, the airflow characteristics of the under-bridge passage are utilized to drive the rotation of the fan lever to continuously clean the inner wall of the drainage passage.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of integral abutment, more particularly to an integral abutment with front support and rear fixation structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a key component of integral bridge, integral abutment is widely used in highway bridge engineering. Its main function is to rigidly connect with the main beam to form a continuous structure system without expansion joints, so as to improve the integrity and driving comfort of the bridge. However, this design without expansion joints means that the abutment needs to bear the dual roles of deformation adaptation and resistance to water and soil pressure behind the abutment. Especially in high fill or rainy areas, the accumulation of water behind the abutment will significantly increase the soil pressure, thereby affecting the long-term stability of the abutment. Therefore, the drainage performance has become an indispensable part of the design of integral abutment, and its advantages and disadvantages are directly related to the prevention and control effect of common diseases such as bridge head bumping and abutment cracking.

[0003] In actual application process, when the backfill soil is in saturated state due to rainwater infiltration or groundwater accumulation, the existence of accumulated water not only increases the active soil pressure, but also softens the fill material and reduces its internal friction angle, resulting in additional horizontal thrust on the abutment. The existing technology often sets drainage holes in the abutment to drain the accumulated water, but the traditional drainage structure cannot real-time feedback the accumulated water condition of the backfill soil area of the abutment. Due to uncontrollable deformation of the abutment under the action of temperature and load, the drainage structure is easily disconnected from the abutment body, and cannot work cooperatively.

[0004] In essence, the existing drainage design only focuses on passive drainage of accumulated water, lacks real-time monitoring and active control ability of the stress distribution on the soil side of the abutment body, and the drainage holes are prone to be blocked in the absence of self-cleaning function, which makes maintenance difficult and limits the long-term working performance of the integral abutment in complex environment to some extent. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide an integral abutment with front support and rear fixation structure, which aims to solve the above technical problems.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present application adopts the following technical solution.

[0007] An integral abutment with front support and rear fixation structure, comprising a support abutment base, the surface of the support abutment base is assembled with a rear fixation abutment body support wall and a front support abutment body support wall, the rear fixation abutment body support wall is assembled on the side close to the soil body and plays a fixation role, the front support abutment body support wall is assembled on the side away from the soil body and plays a support role, the rear fixation abutment body support wall is thicker than the front support abutment body support wall, and the rear fixation abutment body support wall and the front support abutment body support wall are arranged in parallel to support the top abutment main beam;

[0008] The surface of the rear fixed platform body support wall is assembled with a plurality of first hydrophobic modules arranged in rows, the first hydrophobic module comprises a second assembly plate, the inside of the second assembly plate is provided with a hydrophobic unit, the hydrophobic unit comprises a hydrophobic channel penetrating from the side close to the soil to the side of the platform body support wall, the inside of the hydrophobic channel is provided with a second hydrophobic module for dredging the hydrophobic channel, and the side edge of the hydrophobic channel is movably provided with an embedded rotating rod engaged with the second hydrophobic module.

[0009] The embedded rotating rod penetrates out of the rear fixed platform body support wall from the side away from the soil, and a fan lever is fixedly installed on the penetrating end, and the fan lever is driven by wind to drive the second hydrophobic module to rotate through the hydrophobic channel.

[0010] As a further scheme of the application, the second hydrophobic module comprises an embedded nested ring fixedly installed at the middle position inside the hydrophobic channel, a toothed ring sleeve is movably installed on the embedded nested ring, the inner ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve is flush with the inner wall of the embedded nested ring, a toothed edge is fixedly installed on the outer ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve, and a cavity is reserved in the second assembly plate for rotation of the outer toothed edge of the toothed ring sleeve, and the end of the embedded rotating rod away from the fan lever extends into the cavity for rotation of the outer toothed edge of the toothed ring sleeve and is fixedly installed with a bevel gear sleeve engaged with the outer toothed edge of the toothed ring sleeve.

[0011] As a further scheme of the application, the second hydrophobic module further comprises a cavity framework fixedly connected to the inner ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve, a cavity rod is fixedly installed at the center position of the cavity framework, the cavity rod is arranged horizontally along the inner opening of the hydrophobic channel, a row of flexible brushes are fixedly installed on the rod body of the cavity rod and attached to the inner wall of the hydrophobic channel, a filter layer is arranged on the side of the hydrophobic channel close to the soil, and a third hydrophobic module for scale removal is arranged at the position of the cavity rod close to the side end of the filter layer.

[0012] As a further scheme of the application, the third hydrophobic module comprises a spherical magnetic hinge sleeve head fixedly installed on the side end of the cavity rod, the spherical magnetic hinge sleeve head is composed of a concave magnetic base and a magnetic sphere concave in the inside of the concave magnetic base, two groups of twist sleeves separated by 180 degrees are fixedly installed on the surface of the magnetic sphere, cavity receiving plates are assembled on the twist ends of the twist sleeves, the cavity receiving plates on both sides always have a force of approaching the filter layer under the action of the twist force of the twist sleeves, and the inside of the cavity receiving plate is received with an inner pull-out type partition plate.

[0013] As a further scheme of the present application: the inner pull-out type partition plate and the side of the cavity receiving plate facing the inverse filter layer are both provided with a dirt-removing structure similar to a flexible brush, the side of the cavity receiving plate away from the inverse filter layer is fixedly installed with an elastic reset rod, the telescopic end of the elastic reset rod is connected with the side end of the inner pull-out type partition plate on the same side, and a guide spherical sleeve is fixedly installed on the connecting end face and is attached to the inner wall of the hydrophobic channel, the top of the rear fixed platform body support wall and the front platform body support wall are assembled in one body through a circular arc-shaped section, and a plurality of first rigid cross beams arranged in a row are fixedly installed at the positions of the opposite sides of the rear fixed platform body support wall and the front platform body support wall at the bottom of the hydrophobic channel.

[0014] As a further scheme of the present application: the top of the front platform body support wall near the position of the abutment main beam is arranged with a plurality of main beam horizontal detection mechanisms in a row, and the opposite sides of the rear fixed platform body support wall and the front platform body support wall at the position above the first rigid cross beam are further provided with a second rigid cross beam that cooperates with the main beam horizontal detection mechanism, the second rigid cross beam comprises an H-shaped cross beam, and a limiting guide rail sleeve is fixedly installed on each of the opposite end faces of the H-shaped cross beam, a magnetic detection side plate is fixedly installed in the limiting guide rail sleeve, guide plates for composing the cross beam are fixedly connected at the positions above and below the opposite end faces of the H-shaped cross beam, and a guide rail is formed in the middle position of the surface of the guide plate.

[0015] As a further scheme of the present application: the main beam horizontal detection mechanism comprises a first hinged plate that is hingedly connected to the top of the side of the front platform body support wall away from the rear fixed platform body support wall, and a plurality of first assembly plates flush with the first hinged plate are fixedly installed at the position of the bottom of the bridge abutment main beam at the top of the front platform body support wall, a traction beam rod is fixedly assembled at the bottom of the first assembly plate, the traction beam rod and the flush first hinged plate compose a Y-shaped structure that is inclined toward the side of the front platform body support wall, a second hinged plate is movably installed on the side end that is inclined toward the side of the front platform body support wall, the second hinged plate is slidingly assembled at the position in the middle of the second rigid cross beam through the guide rails on the upper and lower side guide plates, a reset spring sleeve is fixedly installed in the guide rail of the upper and lower side guide plates to top the second hinged plate on the side away from the rear fixed platform body support wall, an expansion cavity rod is fixedly installed on the side edge of the second hinged plate toward the two side limiting guide rail sleeves, a first bearing sleeve ring is movably installed on the extension end of the expansion cavity rod and is clamped in the limiting guide rail sleeve, and a first detection probe whose output end is directed toward the magnetic detection side plate is fixedly installed on each side first bearing sleeve ring.

[0016] As a further scheme of the present application: the inside of the second assembly plate is located at a position directly above the displacement feedback channel, and is provided with a displacement feedback unit, the displacement feedback unit comprises a displacement feedback channel that is inclined from the side of the front support wall to the side of the soil body, the displacement feedback channel and the drainage channel directly below form an eight-shaped structure, and a communication channel is arranged in the middle of the inside of the displacement feedback channel and leads to the drainage channel directly below, so that the accumulated water in the inside of the displacement feedback channel is guided to the drainage channel through the communication channel, and the communication path of the communication channel is communicated with the cavity for the rotation of the toothed ring sleeve outer toothed edge, a reserved opening is arranged on the side of the toothed ring sleeve and communicated with the cavity in the cavity skeleton, and the cavity in the cavity skeleton is communicated with the cavity in the cavity rod, and a plurality of drainage openings are arranged on the side of the cavity rod in sequence.

[0017] As a further scheme of the present application: the displacement feedback unit further comprises a separation arc plate fixedly installed at the middle of the inside of each displacement feedback channel, the side of the separation arc plate is tangent to the communication channel, a horizontal expansion channel is arranged on the side of the displacement feedback channel close to the soil body, a protection ring is fixedly installed on the outside end of the expansion channel, a scraping soft rubber ring is assembled on the side of the inside of the expansion channel close to the protection ring, a second bearing sleeve ring is slidingly installed in the cavity formed by the separation arc plate and the protection ring in the inside of the displacement feedback channel, a plurality of balls are arranged on the outer ring of the second bearing sleeve ring in sequence and abut against the inner wall of the displacement feedback channel, and a third hinged plate is hinged to the side of the second bearing sleeve ring facing the separation arc plate.

[0018] As a further scheme of the present application: the third hinged plate is movably arranged through the separation arc plate and hinged to the outer surface of the second hinged plate on the flush side, a fourth hinged plate is hinged to the side of the second bearing sleeve ring facing the protection ring, a second detection probe is hinged to the protruding end of the fourth hinged plate and sleeved in the expansion channel, the second detection probe is in a cylindrical shape, and the detection end of the second detection probe is arranged in a circumferential shape on the outer circular surface.

[0019] The above technical scheme provided by the present application has at least the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0020] (1) The scheme improves the long-term stability of the integral abutment in a water accumulation environment by combining a wind-driven self-cleaning drainage structure with a double-abutment force design. To solve the problems of easy blockage and difficult maintenance of traditional drainage holes in the prior art, the airflow characteristics of the under-bridge passage are used to drive the fan lever to rotate, and the gear transmission drives the cavity rod and the flexible brush to continuously clean the inner wall of the drainage passage. At the same time, the spherical magnetic attraction articulated sleeve head linkage dirt removal module scrapes the surface of the inverse filter layer, converting natural wind power into mechanical cleaning power, achieving active maintenance of the drainage passage, avoiding the attenuation of drainage efficiency caused by fine particle accumulation, and solving the maintenance lag problem caused by the dependence of traditional drainage structures on manual dredging.

[0021] (2) Through the linkage monitoring mechanism of the main beam displacement and the soil state, the real-time feedback of the abutment stress state is realized. When the main beam generates displacement due to temperature change, the traction beam rod drives the detection probe to act synchronously through the hinged mechanism, and the first detection probe accurately records the horizontal displacement of the main beam. At the same time, the displacement is transmitted to the second detection probe through the universal joint structure, so that it extends to contact the soil behind the abutment to detect the pressure and seepage parameters of the soil, converting invisible structural deformation into quantifiable soil state data, overcoming the defect that the existing technology cannot realize real-time perception of the change of water and soil pressure behind the abutment, and providing multi-dimensional data support for the health condition evaluation of the abutment.

[0022] (3) Through the cooperative working mode based on drainage cleaning and state monitoring, the self-adaptive ability of the system in complex environment is improved. The cross-verification of monitoring data can identify the causes of displacement abnormalities such as soil softening or water accumulation pressure, forming a structural diagnosis closed loop, integrating drainage maintenance and structural monitoring functions in limited space, significantly enhancing the response ability of the integral abutment to hydrological environment changes, and prolonging the service life of the structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the application and to enable a person skilled in the relevant art(s) to implement and use the application.

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 is a partial schematic diagram of the rear abutment body support wall of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the second rigid cross beam, the main beam horizontal detection mechanism in the disassembled state of the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the first drainage module of the present application;

[0028] Figure 5Structure schematic diagram of the second assembly plate in a half-section state of the application;

[0029] Figure 6 Structure schematic diagram of the second assembly plate in a half-section state of the application; Figure 5 Enlarged structure schematic diagram at A in the middle;

[0030] Figure 7 Structure schematic diagram of the second hydrophobic module of the application;

[0031] Figure 8 Structure schematic diagram of the third hydrophobic module of the application;

[0032] Figure 9 Structure schematic diagram of the cavity rod in a half-section state of the application.

[0033] Reference signs

[0034] 1, support platform base; 2, rear support wall; 3, front support wall; 4, first rigid crossbeam;

[0035] 5, second rigid crossbeam; 51, H-shaped crossbeam; 52, limiting guide rail sleeve; 53, magnetic detection side plate; 54, guide plate;

[0036] 6, main beam horizontal detection mechanism; 61, first hinged plate; 62, traction beam rod; 63, first assembly plate; 64, second hinged plate; 65, reset spring sleeve; 66, expansion cavity rod; 67, first bearing sleeve ring; 68, first detection probe;

[0037] 7, first hydrophobic module; 71, second assembly plate;

[0038] 72, displacement feedback unit; 721, displacement feedback channel; 722, separation arc plate; 723, communication channel; 724, second bearing sleeve ring; 725, third hinged plate; 726, fourth hinged plate; 727, telescopic channel; 728, protective ring; 729, scraping soft rubber ring; 7210, second detection probe;

[0039] 73, hydrophobic unit; 731, hydrophobic channel; 732, embedded rotating rod; 733, fan lever; 734, conical gear sleeve;

[0040] 8, second hydrophobic module; 81, embedded sleeve ring; 82, toothed ring sleeve; 83, reserved opening; 84, cavity skeleton; 85, cavity rod; 86, flexible brush; 87, drainage opening;

[0041] 9, third hydrophobic module; 91, spherical magnetic attraction hinged sleeve head; 92, cavity storage plate; 93, elastic reset rod; 94, guide spherical sleeve; 95, inner pull-out type partition plate.

[0042] As shown in the drawings, in order to clearly show the structure of the embodiments of the present application, specific structures and devices are marked in the drawings, but this is only for the need of illustration and is not intended to limit the present application to the specific structures, devices and environments, and those skilled in the art can adjust or modify these devices and environments according to specific needs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The integral bridge abutment with front support and rear fixed structure provided by the present application is described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are the best, preferred embodiments, and other alternative ways can also be used by those skilled in the art to implement some known technologies; and the drawings are only used to more specifically describe the embodiments and are not intended to specifically limit the present application.

[0044] As shown in the drawings, in order to clearly show the structure of the embodiments of the present application, specific structures and devices are marked in the drawings, but this is only for the need of illustration and is not intended to limit the present application to the specific structures, devices and environments, and those skilled in the art can adjust or modify these devices and environments according to specific needs. Figures 1 to 9 The integral bridge abutment with front support and rear fixed structure provided by the present application is described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are the best, preferred embodiments, and other alternative ways can also be used by those skilled in the art to implement some known technologies; and the drawings are only used to more specifically describe the embodiments and are not intended to specifically limit the present application.

[0045] The surface of the rear fixed abutment support wall 2 is assembled with a plurality of first drainage modules 7 arranged in a row, the first drainage module 7 comprises a second assembly plate 71, the inside of the second assembly plate 71 is configured with a drainage unit 73, the drainage unit 73 comprises a drainage channel 731 inclined from the side close to the soil to the front abutment support wall 3 side, the inside of the drainage channel 731 is configured with a second drainage module 8 for dredging the channel, and the side edge of the drainage channel 731 is movably installed with an embedded rotating rod 732 engaged with the second drainage module 8.

[0046] The embedded rotating rod 732 horizontally penetrates out from the side of the rear fixed abutment support wall 2 away from the soil, and a fan lever 733 is fixedly installed on the penetrating end, and the fan lever 733 is driven by wind to drive the second drainage module 8 to rotate through the drainage channel 731.

[0047] To solve the problems that the drainage design of the existing traditional integral abutment is passive and inefficient, cannot perceive and actively adapt to the change of water accumulation behind the abutment in real time, is easy to be blocked and difficult to maintain, and leads to insufficient stability of the abutment under complex hydrological environment, the above technical scheme is adopted to solve the problems. The above technical scheme mainly comprises a support cap base 1, a rear fixed abutment body support wall 2, a front abutment body support wall 3, a first drainage module 7 and a second drainage module 8. The support cap base 1 is a support structure of a pile foundation with a designed pile length in the prior art, which is used to support and fix the rear fixed abutment body support wall 2 and the front abutment body support wall 3. The rear fixed abutment body support wall 2 is located on the near-soil side. Since the main function of the rear fixed abutment body support wall 2 is to block soil and consolidate, the thickness of the rear fixed abutment body support wall 2 is greater than that of the front abutment body support wall 3. The front abutment body support wall 3 is located on the far-soil side and does not directly contact with soil, so the thickness of the front abutment body support wall 3 is relatively small. The main function of the front abutment body support wall 3 is to disperse load to the foundation. Under asymmetric load, the front abutment body support wall 3 can adjust load distribution through its own stiffness to avoid excessive stress concentration on the rear fixed abutment body support wall 2. The rear fixed abutment body support wall 2 and the front abutment body support wall 3 are two parallel pre-assembled abutment bodies. The top connecting end of the abutment bodies is in the shape of a circular arc. In the working process, the rear fixed abutment body support wall 2 on the near-soil side absorbs the longitudinal displacement of the main beam, reduces the bending moment of the abutment body, and enhances the anti-overturning capacity of the overall structure. The rear fixed abutment body support wall 2 and the front abutment body support wall 3 are pre-assembled in the factory, transported to the site, and assembled on the top of the support cap base 1. The spacing of the front abutment body support wall 3 and the rear fixed abutment body support wall 2 forms a lever effect, improves the bending resistance of the abutment body, and the double abutment bodies bear force in cooperation to avoid cracking caused by stress concentration. Under the action of an earthquake, the double abutment bodies can form multiple energy dissipation lines, and the double abutment body structure can also improve the anti-overturning effect. The double abutment bodies are pre-assembled in the factory and assembled on site, which can further improve the construction efficiency. The first drainage module 7 is assembled on the surface of the rear fixed abutment body support wall 2 by a row of second assembly plates 71. Each second assembly plate 71 is provided with a drainage unit 73. Different from the drainage structure in the prior art, the downward penetrating drainage channel 731 can better guide the water accumulation in the near-soil side soil filling area, ensure the stability of the side surface environment of the support wall, and through the second drainage module 8 arranged inside the drainage channel 731, the fan lever 733 embedded outside the inner rotating lever 732 can be driven by the wind flow in the bridge inside wind flow area to rotate the meshed second drainage module 8, so as to clean the inside of the drainage channel 731 in real time to avoid interference of fine particles with the drainage end. Since the bottom of the overall bridge is an overhead space, the left and right sides are supported by the rear fixed abutment body support wall 2 and the front abutment body support wall 3, and the bottom abutment main beam and cap beam support structure form a narrow channel that is limited horizontally and penetrates longitudinally, which is similar to a rectangular pipe. The rectangular pipe forces the airflow to flow longitudinally along the channel, so that the airflow speed on the side is faster and more concentrated, which better drives the fan lever 733 to rotate.The configured fan lever 733 is integrated with the embedded rotating lever 732, the embedded rotating lever 732 is a rotating lever structure provided with a bearing sleeve, which can better resist friction during rotation, and the extended fan lever 733 is a sleeve lever structure assembled with several fan blades.

[0048] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, the second hydrophobic module 8 includes an embedded nested ring 81 fixedly installed at the middle position inside the hydrophobic channel 731, a toothed ring sleeve 82 is movably installed on the embedded nested ring 81, the inner ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve 82 is flush with the inner wall of the embedded nested ring 81, the outer ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve 82 is fixedly installed with a toothed edge, and the inside of the second assembly plate 71 is reserved with a cavity for the outer toothed edge of the toothed ring sleeve 82 to rotate, and the end of the embedded rotating lever 732 away from the fan lever 733 extends into the cavity for the outer toothed edge of the toothed ring sleeve 82 to rotate and is fixedly installed with a bevel gear sleeve 734, the bevel gear sleeve 734 is engaged with the outer toothed edge of the toothed ring sleeve 82.

[0049] Wherein, the embedded nested ring 81 is fixedly installed at the middle position inside the hydrophobic channel 731, which provides limiting action for the rotation of the toothed ring sleeve 82, in order to ensure the hydrophobic effect inside the hydrophobic channel 731, the inner ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve 82 is flush with the inner wall of the embedded nested ring 81, and a sealing ring is arranged on the end face, and a circular toothed edge structure is fixedly installed on the outer ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve 82 as shown in the accompanying drawings, to engage the bevel gear sleeve 734 on the side end of the embedded rotating lever 732, the rotation of the embedded rotating lever 732 is linked to the toothed ring sleeve 82, therefore, in order to ensure the stability of the rotation of the bevel gear sleeve 734 and the circular toothed edge of the toothed ring sleeve 82, a cavity is reserved inside the second assembly plate 71 for the outer toothed edge of the toothed ring sleeve 82 to rotate, and the cavity is communicated with the communication channel 723, to drain the accumulated water in the displacement feedback channel 721 in real time, which ensures the stability of the working environment of the displacement feedback channel 721 and also reduces the interference of the accumulated water inside the second assembly plate 71.

[0050] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9As shown, the second hydrophobic module 8 further comprises a cavity frame 84 fixedly connected to the inner surface of the toothed ring sleeve 82, and a cavity rod 85 fixedly installed at the center of the cavity frame 84, which is horizontally arranged along the inner opening of the hydrophobic channel 731, and a row of flexible brushes 86 fixedly installed on the rod body of the cavity rod 85 and attached to the inner wall of the hydrophobic channel 731. A filter layer is arranged on the side of the hydrophobic channel 731 close to the soil body, and a third hydrophobic module 9 for cleaning is arranged at the position of the cavity rod 85 close to the side end of the filter layer.

[0051] The cavity frame 84 is a circular ring hollow frame structure with a cavity inside, which is also set in a hollow frame state to avoid interfering with the hydrophobic effect inside the hydrophobic channel 731. The cavity rod 85 fixedly installed at the center of the cavity frame 84 is horizontally arranged along the inner opening of the hydrophobic channel 731, and the flexible brushes 86 are fixedly installed on the rod body of the cavity rod 85. Through the flexible brushes 86 attached to the inner wall of the hydrophobic channel 731, the cavity rod 85 rotating synchronously drives the flexible brushes 86 to rotate in real time to dredge the inside of the hydrophobic channel 731 during the rotation of the toothed ring sleeve 82. A filter layer is arranged on the side of the hydrophobic channel 731 close to the soil body, which is a protective structure for ensuring the long-term effective work of the drainage end in the prior art, and is usually composed of multiple layers of geotextile with specific porosity. However, in actual work, even if the filter layer is set, the drainage capacity of the drainage end is still a dynamic process. On the one hand, the filter layer itself has a limit on filtering soil, and under the long-term water seepage and pressure, some very fine particles may gradually invade and clog the pores, causing the water permeability to slowly decrease. On the other hand, the drainage channel itself may be squeezed and dislocated due to foundation settlement deformation, or the water section may be reduced due to the invasion of impurities such as plant roots and mineral crystals. Therefore, the third hydrophobic module 9 for cleaning is arranged at the position of the cavity rod 85 close to the side end of the filter layer, so as to utilize the driving force of the cavity rod 85 to clean the hydrophobic channel 731 in real time, and to synchronously clean the side end of the filter layer in a linkage manner.

[0052] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9As shown, the third hydrophobic module 9 includes a spherical magnetic hinge head 91 fixedly installed on the side end of the cavity rod 85. The spherical magnetic hinge head 91 is composed of a concave magnetic base and a magnetic ball concave inside the concave magnetic base. Two sets of torsion sleeves spaced 180 degrees apart are fixedly installed on the surface of the magnetic ball. A cavity storage plate 92 is assembled on the torsion end of each torsion sleeve. Under the torsion force of the torsion sleeve, the cavity storage plates 92 on both sides always have a force to adhere to the filter layer. The cavity storage plates 92 each contain an internal pull-out partition 95.

[0053] The third hydrophobic module 9 includes a spherical magnetic hinge head 91. This spherical magnetic hinge head 91 is essentially composed of a concave magnetic base and a magnetic sphere recessed within the concave magnetic base, as used in existing technologies. It adapts to the curvature of rotation at the side end of the inclined hydrophobic channel 731. Since both the concave magnetic base and the magnetic sphere recessed within it have magnetic attraction, they also possess a certain rigidity during curvature rotation, ensuring stability during side-end rotation. Two sets of torsion sleeves spaced 180 degrees apart are fixedly installed on the surface of the magnetic sphere. These torsion sleeves are hinge frame structures with torsion springs, as used in existing technologies. They are used to assemble the upper cavity receiving plate 92. The torque of the torsion sleeves spaced 180 degrees apart on both sides drives the cavity receiving plate 92 to rotate around the hinge point, ensuring that the cavity receiving plates 92 on both sides always have a force that brings them closer to the filter layer, further adhering to the surface of the filter layer at the side end of the hydrophobic channel 731.

[0054] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, both the inner pull-out partition 95 and the cavity storage plate 92 are equipped with a cleaning structure similar to a tough brush 86 on the side facing the reverse filter layer. The side of the cavity storage plate 92 away from the reverse filter layer is fixedly installed with an elastic reset rod 93. The telescopic end of the elastic reset rod 93 is connected to the side end of the inner pull-out partition 95 on the same side, and a guide ball sleeve 94 that fits against the inner wall of the drainage channel 731 is fixedly installed on the connecting end face. The tops of the rear fixed platform support wall 2 and the front support platform support wall 3 are assembled into one piece through an arc-shaped cross section. Several first rigid crossbeams 4 are fixedly installed on the opposite side of the rear fixed platform support wall 2 and the front support platform support wall 3 at the bottom of the drainage channel 731.

[0055] The internal pull-out baffle 95 and the cavity receiving plate 92 are integrated into a sleeve structure that can be pulled up and down. Both the internal pull-out baffle 95 and the cavity receiving plate 92 have a cleaning structure similar to a flexible brush 86 on the side facing the filter layer, which adheres to the side of the drainage channel 731 to clean the surface of the filter layer. The elastic reset rod 93 is an extended structure with a reset spring rod. Its extended end connects to the side of the internal pull-out baffle 95 embedded in the cavity receiving plate 92. Under the elastic reset force of the elastic reset rod 93, the internal pull-out baffle 95 is always extended outwards, cooperating with the guide ball sleeve 94 whose side end is attached to the inner wall of the drainage channel 731, to fully extend the internal pull-out baffle 95 to a length with the same radius as the filter layer, ensuring that the entire surface of the filter layer is covered during the rotation cleaning process. The spacing between the first rigid crossbeams 4 is 3 to 5 times the thickness of the abutment. Its main function is to improve the overall integrity of the abutment and further promote the leverage effect between the rear abutment support wall 2 and the front abutment support wall 3 to improve the bending resistance.

[0056] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, several main beam horizontal detection mechanisms 6 are arranged in a row at the top of the front support wall 3 near the main beam of the bridge abutment. A second rigid crossbeam 5, which works in conjunction with the main beam horizontal detection mechanism 6, is also configured on the opposite side of the rear support wall 2 and the front support wall 3, above the first rigid crossbeam 4. The second rigid crossbeam 5 includes an H-shaped crossbeam 51, and a limiting guide sleeve 52 is fixedly installed on both opposite end faces of the H-shaped crossbeam 51. A magnetic detection side plate 53 is fixedly installed in each limiting guide sleeve 52. Guide plates 54 for forming the crossbeam are fixedly connected to the upper and lower sides of both opposite end faces of the H-shaped crossbeam 51. A guide rail is opened at the middle position of the surface of the guide plate 54.

[0057] Among them, several main beam horizontal detection mechanisms 6 are flush with the second assembly plate 71 on the rear abutment support wall 2 and located between the rear abutment support wall 2 and the front abutment support wall 3 on opposite sides. A second rigid crossbeam 5 is also configured to work in conjunction with the main beam horizontal detection mechanism 6. The second rigid crossbeam 5 not only further improves the overall integrity of the abutment, but also provides a guide rail for the main beam horizontal detection mechanism 6 to provide feedback on horizontal stress.

[0058] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 ,Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, the main beam horizontal detection mechanism 6 includes a first hinge plate 61 movably hinged to the top of the front abutment support wall 3 on the side away from the rear fixed abutment support wall 2. Several first assembly plates 63, each flush with the first hinge plate 61, are also fixedly installed at the bottom of the main beam of the abutment on the top of the front abutment support wall 3. A traction beam 62 is fixedly assembled at the bottom of each of the first assembly plates 63. The traction beam 62 and the flush first hinge plates 61 form a Y-shaped structure inclined towards the front abutment support wall 3. Second hinge plates 64 are movably installed on the inclined ends towards the front abutment support wall 3. The hinge plate 64 is slidably assembled at the center of the second rigid crossbeam 5 via the guide rails on the upper and lower guide plates 54. A reset spring sleeve 65 is fixedly installed in the guide rails of the upper and lower guide plates 54 to push the second hinge plate 64 away from the rear support wall 2. An expansion cavity rod 66 is fixedly installed on the side of the second hinge plate 64 facing the two side limit guide rail sleeves 52. A first bearing collar 67 is movably installed on the extended end of the expansion cavity rod 66 and is movably locked in the limit guide rail sleeve 52. A first detection probe 68 with an output end pointing towards the magnetic detection side plate 53 is fixedly installed on each side of the first bearing collar 67.

[0059] The first hinge plate 61 is configured as shown in the attached instruction manual. Figure 2As shown, the entire assembly is placed on the top of the front abutment support wall 3, away from the rear abutment support wall 2, serving as a limiting mechanism for hoisting during operation. The configured traction beam 62 is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the main abutment beam at the top of the front abutment support wall 3 via the first assembly plate 63. The main abutment beam at the top of the front abutment support wall 3 is thus assembled on top of the front abutment support wall 3, serving to cooperate with the approach slab and bridge deck in assembling the pavement layer—a conventional design for integral bridges in the prior art. The traction beam 62 is assembled and limited by the hoisting mechanism of the first hinge plate 61, forming a Y-shaped structure inclined towards the front abutment support wall 3. The main beams of integral bridge abutments are usually made of prestressed concrete or steel. However, even with such rigid connection designs, horizontal displacement may still occur in the main beams during actual operation. The main reason is that integral abutments need to withstand the thermal expansion and contraction caused by temperature changes. The longitudinal deformation of the bridge superstructure caused by temperature changes is directly transmitted to the abutment and the substructure through the rigid connection. If the soil behind the abutment is not sufficiently constrained or the pile foundation design fails to adequately adapt to the deformation, the long-term accumulated cyclic displacement may cause significant elastic or plastic displacement in the connection area between the abutment and the main beam, which in turn affects the stress distribution and long-term service performance of the structure. In the current technology, the stability of the horizontal displacement of the main beam can only be fed back by the periodic correction and inspection by maintenance personnel to calculate the stress distribution and deformation degree. Therefore, a Y-shaped traction beam 62 is configured at the bottom of the main beam of the abutment, combined with the second rigid crossbeam 5 for real-time feedback to record the subtle displacement of the main beam.

[0060] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9As shown, displacement feedback units 72 are arranged inside the second assembly plate 71 at a position directly above the displacement feedback channel 721. Each displacement feedback unit 72 includes a displacement feedback channel 721 that extends downward from one side of the front support wall 3 towards the soil side. The displacement feedback channel 721 and the drainage channel 731 directly below form a figure-eight structure, and a connecting channel leading to the drainage channel 731 directly below is opened at the middle position inside the displacement feedback channel 721. 723, the water entering the displacement feedback channel 721 is directed to the drainage channel 731 through the connecting channel 723, and the connecting path of the connecting channel 723 is connected to the cavity for the outer tooth edge of the toothed ring sleeve 82 to rotate. The toothed ring sleeve 82 has a reserved opening 83 on its side that communicates with the inner cavity of the cavity frame 84, and the inner cavity of the cavity frame 84 communicates with the inner cavity of the cavity rod 85. Several drainage openings 87 are sequentially opened on the side of the cavity rod 85.

[0061] The specific working state of the configured main beam horizontal detection mechanism 6 is as follows:

[0062] In a stable state, the actual traction beam 62 at the bottom of the bridge abutment main beam does not shift. At this time, the second hinge plate 64, under the reset force of the reset spring sleeve 65, is located on the side furthest from the rear fixed abutment support wall 2. At this time, the displacement value recorded by the first detection probe 68 and the detection end of the magnetic detection side plate 53 is 0. When the traction beam 62 moves slightly with the bridge abutment main beam, the traction beam 62 will move synchronously around the first hinge plate 61, causing the second hinge plate 64 at the side of the traction beam 62 to move along the guide rail of the guide plate 54. During the movement, the expansion cavity rods 66 on both sides of the second hinge plate 64 will move synchronously with the first bearing collar 67 in the limiting guide rail sleeve 52 inside the H-shaped crossbeam 51. During the movement, the position of the first detection probe 68 on both sides of the expansion cavity rod 66 will change, and the change in magnetic position will feed back the value of the horizontal displacement of the second hinge plate 64, recording the slight displacement of the bridge abutment main beam. The first detection probe 68 is a magnetic sensor in the prior art, based on non-contact magnetic induction detection technology. Specifically, this probe, in cooperation with the magnetic detection side plate 53, achieves accurate measurement of the horizontal displacement of the bridge abutment main beam, which is a detection device in the prior art.

[0063] The configured communication channel 723 is as per the instruction manual. Figure 5As shown, the displacement feedback channel 721 and the drainage channel 731, which slope downwards from the side of the front support wall 3 to the soil side, are connected. During operation, the water entering the displacement feedback channel 721 is diverted to the drainage channel 731 through the connecting channel 723. The connecting path of the connecting channel 723 is connected to the cavity for the outer tooth edge of the toothed ring sleeve 82 to rotate. Therefore, the water in the drainage channel 731 will enter the inner cavity of the cavity frame 84 through the reserved opening 83 on the side, and then enter the cavity rod 85 that communicates with the inner cavity. Finally, it will be discharged through the drainage opening 87 on the inclined cavity rod 85. The discharged water is then concentrated and discharged through the inclined drainage channel 731.

[0064] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, the displacement feedback unit 72 further includes a partition arc plate 722 fixedly installed at the middle position inside each displacement feedback channel 721. The side of the partition arc plate 722 is tangent to the connecting channel 723. A horizontal telescopic channel 727 is opened on the side of the displacement feedback channel 721 near the soil. A protective ring 728 is fixedly installed on the outer end of the telescopic channel 727. A scraping soft rubber ring 729 is assembled inside the telescopic channel 727 near the protective ring 728. A second bearing collar 724 is slidably installed inside the displacement feedback channel 721 in the cavity formed by the partition arc plate 722 and the protective ring 728. A number of balls are sequentially arranged on the outer ring, which are in contact with the inner wall of the displacement feedback channel 721. A third hinge plate 725 is hinged to the side of the second bearing collar 724 facing the partition arc plate 722. The third hinge plate 725 moves through the partition arc plate 722 and is hinged to the outer surface of the second hinge plate 64 on the same side. A fourth hinge plate 726 is hinged to the side of the second bearing collar 724 facing the protective ring 728. A second detection probe 7210 is hinged to the extended end of the fourth hinge plate 726 and is slidably sleeved in the telescopic channel 727. The second detection probe 7210 is cylindrical in shape, and the detection ends of the second detection probe 7210 are arranged in a circular shape on the outer ring surface.

[0065] The second detection probe 7210 is installed in the telescopic channel 727 on the side of the displacement feedback channel 721 closest to the soil, and is contained within the telescopic channel 727 by its horizontal limiting function. Because the displacement of the main beam is not an isolated phenomenon during actual operation, it is closely related to the interaction with the backfill side. The rear abutment support wall 2, as a structure directly in contact with the soil, bears the combined effects of soil pressure, water pressure, and temperature deformation transmission; its state changes will affect the stability of the main beam through physical linkage. Therefore, while monitoring only the main beam displacement can provide more real-time data on the overall bridge stability, in order to combine the influence of the assembly environment and further comprehensively assess structural safety, it is necessary to use the second detection probe 7210 to provide real-time feedback on the real-time state of the rear abutment support wall 2, such as soil compression, seepage, or structural micro-deformation, thereby establishing a collaborative monitoring mechanism from the main beam to the abutment and the soil, and providing early warning of potential asymmetric loads or hidden defects.

[0066] The detection state of the configured second detection probe 7210 is as follows: when the second hinge plate 64 moves along with the main beam, the third hinge plate 725, which is hinged to the second hinge plate 64, will also extend synchronously. The displacement of each extension will be fed back to the second bearing collar 724 at the side end, causing the second bearing collar 724 to move synchronously along the displacement feedback channel 721. During the displacement of the second bearing collar 724, the fourth hinge plate 726, which is opposite to the third hinge plate 725, will feed back the displacement to the second detection probe 7210, causing the second detection probe 7210, which is slidably installed in the telescopic channel 727, to also move horizontally. The third hinge plate 725 and the fourth hinge plate 726 used for linkage hinge essentially constitute the structure of a universal joint in the prior art. When the second hinge plate 64 moves significantly with the main beam, its second detection probe 7210 will be squeezed out of the telescopic channel 727 to extend the probe with its end arranged in a ring shape to detect the backfill soil on the side of the rear support wall 2 of the platform, so as to obtain the actual situation of the drainage end of the backfill soil and to warn of potential asymmetric loads or hidden defects.

[0067] The configured second detection probe 7210 is an infrared miniature detection probe in the prior art, which has a good waterproof effect. After extending out of the telescopic channel 727, during the process of returning to the telescopic channel 727, the probe will be wiped by the scraping soft rubber ring 729 to avoid the detection end being interfered with by the backfill soil.

[0068] The specific working conditions of the monolithic bridge abutment with front support and rear fixation structure are as follows:

[0069] First, the fan rod 733 rotates based on the natural wind power at the bottom of the bridge, initiating the self-cleaning process of the drainage system. When the airflow passes through the under-bridge channel formed by the rear fixed abutment support wall 2 and the front support abutment support wall 3, the fan rod 733 drives the embedded rotating rod 732, which is fixedly connected to it, to rotate synchronously. The conical gear sleeve 734 on the side of the embedded rotating rod 732 away from the soil meshes with the outer tooth edge of the toothed circular ring sleeve 82, converting the horizontal rotational motion into the circular motion of the toothed circular ring sleeve 82. The toothed circular ring sleeve 82 drives the cavity rod 85 and the flexible brush 86 fixed to its rod body to rotate along the inner wall of the drainage channel 731 through the cavity skeleton 84 connected to the inner ring surface, removing the silt particles attached to the channel. Simultaneously, the spherical magnetic hinge head 91 installed on the side end of the cavity rod 85, under the elastic action of the torsion sleeve, makes the cavity receiving plate 92 continuously adhere to the surface of the filter layer on the side of the drainage channel 731 near the soil. The inner pull-out baffle 95 extends under the thrust of the elastic reset rod 93, and scrapes the filter layer through the surface descaling structure to prevent fine particles from clogging the pores for a long time. In actual operation, it can effectively avoid the clogging problem caused by the lack of self-maintenance function of traditional drainage holes.

[0070] Then, the main beam horizontal detection mechanism 6 begins to monitor the displacement of the bridge abutment main beam caused by temperature deformation. When the main beam undergoes longitudinal displacement, the traction beam rod 62 fixed to its bottom pushes the second hinge plate 64 to slide along the guide rail of the guide plate 54 of the second rigid crossbeam 5, overcoming the resistance of the reset spring sleeve 65. The expansion cavity rods 66 on both sides of the second hinge plate 64 drive the first bearing collar 67 and the first detection probe 68 to move within the limiting guide rail sleeve 52. The displacement of the main beam is recorded by the change in the magnetic induction distance between the detection probe and the magnetic detection side plate 53. At the same time, the displacement of the second hinge plate 64 is transmitted to the second bearing collar 724 in the displacement feedback unit 72 through the third hinge plate 725, forcing the fourth hinge plate 726 to push the second detection probe 7210 to extend horizontally in the telescopic channel 727. The cylindrical detection end of the second detection probe 7210 breaks through the protective ring 728 and is exposed to the soil behind the abutment, directly detecting the soil pressure and seepage state. This linkage mechanism couples the main beam displacement with soil condition monitoring, which can solve the defect in existing technologies that cannot provide real-time feedback on the stress distribution of the soil behind the platform.

[0071] The seepage water accumulated in the displacement feedback channel 721 is introduced into the drainage system of the drainage channel 731 through the connecting channel 723. The water flows through the reserved opening 83 on the side of the toothed ring sleeve 82 into the inner cavity of the cavity frame 84, and flows into the cavity rod 85, and finally is discharged from the drainage opening 87. The existing drainage channel realizes the secondary drainage of seepage water, avoiding the problem of the independent drainage structure becoming disconnected due to the deformation of the bridge abutment. At the same time, after the second detection probe 7210 completes the soil detection, it retracts the telescopic channel 727 through the reset mechanism. The scraping soft rubber ring 729 on its surface automatically removes the soil attached to the outer wall of the probe, maintaining the detection accuracy. If the displacement of the main beam continues to increase, the further movement of the second hinge plate 64 will cause the hinge point of the third hinge plate 725 and the fourth hinge plate 726 to deflect at an angle. The universal joint structure adapts to the large displacement condition, ensuring that the linear movement of the second detection probe 7210 maintains a proportional relationship with the displacement of the main beam, thereby accurately feeding back the interaction state between the soil and the structure.

[0072] When the main beam displacement increases abnormally, the data from the first detection probe 68 is cross-validated with the soil pressure data from the second detection probe 7210 to determine whether it is caused by soil softening or water pressure. The entire process, through the integration of mechanical linkage and sensor feedback, achieves the unification of active maintenance of drainage function and real-time monitoring of structural status, significantly improving the long-term working performance of the integral bridge abutment in complex environments.

[0073] This invention encompasses any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions made within the spirit and scope of this invention. To provide the public with a thorough understanding of this invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments; however, those skilled in the art will fully understand the invention even without these details. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary misunderstanding of the essence of this invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits are not described in detail.

[0074] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integral bridge abutment with a front-supported and rear-fixed structure, comprising a supporting pier base (1), characterized in that: The surface of the support base (1) is equipped with a rear fixed support wall (2) and a front support support wall (3). The rear fixed support wall (2) is assembled on the side close to the soil and plays a consolidation role. The front support support wall (3) is assembled on the side away from the soil and plays a supporting role. The rear fixed support wall (2) is thicker than the front support support wall (3), and the rear fixed support wall (2) and the front support support wall (3) are arranged in parallel to support the main beam of the top abutment. The surface of the rear support wall (2) is equipped with several first drainage modules (7) arranged in rows. The first drainage module (7) includes a second assembly plate (71). The interior of the second assembly plate (71) is equipped with drainage units (73). The drainage unit (73) includes a drainage channel (731) that slopes downward from the side near the soil to the side of the front support wall (3). The interior of the drainage channel (731) is equipped with a second drainage module (8) that clears the channel. The side of the drainage channel (731) is movably installed with an embedded rotating rod (732) that meshes with the second drainage module (8). Among them, the embedded rotating rod (732) extends horizontally from the side of the rear fixed platform support wall (2) away from the soil, and a fan rod (733) is fixedly installed on the protruding end. The fan rod (733) is driven by wind power to drive the second drainage module (8) to open the drainage channel (731). Several first rigid crossbeams (4) are fixedly installed on the opposite side of the rear fixed platform support wall (2) and the front support platform support wall (3) at the bottom of the drainage channel (731). Several main beam horizontal detection mechanisms (6) are arranged in a row at the top of the front support wall (3) near the main beam of the bridge abutment. A second rigid beam (5) that works in coordination with the main beam horizontal detection mechanism (6) is also configured on the side opposite to the front support wall (3) and on the upper side of the first rigid beam (4). The second rigid beam (5) includes an H-shaped beam (51), and a limit guide sleeve (52) is fixedly installed on both opposite end faces of the H-shaped beam (51). A magnetic detection side plate (53) is fixedly installed in each of the limit guide sleeves (52). A guide plate (54) for forming the beam is fixedly connected at the upper and lower sides of both opposite end faces of the H-shaped beam (51). A guide rail is opened at the middle position of the surface of the guide plate (54). The main beam horizontal detection mechanism (6) includes a first hinge plate (61) movably hinged to the top of the front abutment support wall (3) on the side away from the rear fixed abutment support wall (2). Several first assembly plates (63) flush with the first hinge plate (61) are also fixedly installed at the bottom of the main beam of the abutment at the top of the front abutment support wall (3). A traction beam rod (62) is fixedly assembled at the bottom of the first assembly plate (63). The traction beam rod (62) and the flush first hinge plate (61) form a Y-shaped structure inclined towards the front abutment support wall (3). Second hinge plates (64) are movably installed on the inclined side ends towards the front abutment support wall (3). (64) The second hinge plate (64) is slidably assembled on the guide rails on the upper and lower guide plates (54) at the middle position of the second rigid crossbeam (5), and a reset spring sleeve (65) is fixedly installed in the guide rails on the upper and lower guide plates (54) to push the second hinge plate (64) away from the rear fixed body support wall (2). An expansion cavity rod (66) is fixedly installed on the side of the second hinge plate (64) facing the two side limit guide rail sleeves (52). A first bearing collar (67) is movably installed on the extended end of the expansion cavity rod (66) and is movably locked in the limit guide rail sleeve (52). A first detection probe (68) with the output end pointing towards the magnetic detection side plate (53) is fixedly installed on each side first bearing collar (67). The second assembly plate (71) is equipped with displacement feedback units (72) located directly above the displacement feedback channel (721). Each displacement feedback unit (72) includes a displacement feedback channel (721) that extends downward from the front support wall (3) towards the soil. The displacement feedback channel (721) and the drainage channel (731) directly below form a figure-eight structure. A connecting channel (723) leading to the drainage channel (731) directly below is provided in the middle of the displacement feedback channel (721). Water entering the displacement feedback channel (721) is directed to the drainage channel (731) through the connecting channel (723). The connecting path of the connecting channel (723) is connected to the cavity for the outer tooth edge of the toothed ring sleeve (82) to rotate. A reserved opening (83) communicating with the inner cavity of the cavity frame (84) is provided on the side of the toothed ring sleeve (82). The inner cavity of the cavity frame (84) is connected with the inner cavity of the cavity rod (85). Several drainage openings (87) are sequentially provided on the side of the cavity rod (85). The displacement feedback unit (72) also includes a partition arc plate (722) fixedly installed at the middle position inside each displacement feedback channel (721). The side of the partition arc plate (722) is tangent to the connecting channel (723). A horizontal telescopic channel (727) is opened on the side of the displacement feedback channel (721) near the soil. A protective ring (728) is fixedly installed on the outer end of the telescopic channel (727). A scraping soft rubber ring (729) is assembled on the side of the telescopic channel (727) near the protective ring (728). A second bearing collar (724) is slidably installed in the cavity formed by the partition arc plate (722) and the protective ring (728) inside the displacement feedback channel (721). A number of balls that fit against the inner wall of the displacement feedback channel (721) are arranged sequentially on the outer ring of the second bearing collar (724). A third hinge plate (725) is hinged to the side of the second bearing collar (724) facing the partition arc plate (722). The third hinge plate (725) moves through the partition arc plate (722) and is hinged to the outer surface of the second hinge plate (64) on the same side. The second bearing collar (724) is hinged to the side facing the protective ring (728) with a fourth hinge plate (726). The extended end of the fourth hinge plate (726) is hinged with a second detection probe (7210) that slides in the telescopic channel (727). The second detection probe (7210) is cylindrical in shape, and the detection ends of the second detection probe (7210) are arranged in a circular shape on the outer ring surface.

2. The integral bridge abutment with a front-supported and rear-fixed structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second hydrophobic module (8) includes an inner nested ring (81) fixedly installed in the middle position inside the hydrophobic channel (731). A toothed ring sleeve (82) is movably installed on the inner nested ring (81). The inner ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve (82) is flush with the inner wall of the inner nested ring (81). A toothed edge is fixedly installed on the outer ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve (82). A cavity is reserved inside the second assembly plate (71) for the outer toothed edge of the toothed ring sleeve (82) to rotate. The end of the embedded rotating rod (732) away from the fan rod (733) extends into the cavity for the outer toothed edge of the toothed ring sleeve (82) to rotate and is fixedly installed with a bevel gear sleeve (734). The bevel gear sleeve (734) meshes with the outer toothed edge of the toothed ring sleeve (82).

3. The integral bridge abutment with a front-supported and rear-fixed structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second hydrophobic module (8) also includes a cavity frame (84) fixedly connected to the inner ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve (82). A cavity rod (85) is fixedly installed at the center of the cavity frame (84). The cavity rod (85) is arranged horizontally along the inner opening of the hydrophobic channel (731). A row of flexible brushes (86) attached to the inner wall of the hydrophobic channel (731) is fixedly installed on the rod of the cavity rod (85). A filter layer is provided on the side of the hydrophobic channel (731) near the soil. A third hydrophobic module (9) for cleaning scale is provided on the cavity rod (85) near the side end of the filter layer.

4. The integral bridge abutment with a front-supported and rear-fixed structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The third hydrophobic module (9) includes a spherical magnetic hinge sleeve (91) fixedly installed on the side of the cavity rod (85). The spherical magnetic hinge sleeve (91) is composed of a concave magnetic base and a magnetic ball concave inside the concave magnetic base. Two sets of torsion sleeves spaced 180 degrees apart are fixedly installed on the surface of the magnetic ball. A cavity storage plate (92) is assembled on the torsion end of the torsion sleeve. The cavity storage plates (92) on both sides always have a force to adhere to the filter layer under the torsion force of the torsion sleeve. The cavity storage plates (92) contain an inner pull-out partition (95).

5. The integral bridge abutment with a front-supported and rear-fixed structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner pull-out partition (95) and the cavity storage plate (92) facing the reverse filter layer are both equipped with the same descaling structure as the tough brush (86). The cavity storage plate (92) away from the reverse filter layer is fixedly installed with an elastic reset rod (93). The telescopic end of the elastic reset rod (93) is connected to the side end of the inner pull-out partition (95) on the same side, and a guide ball sleeve (94) that fits against the inner wall of the drainage channel (731) is fixedly installed on the connecting end face. The top of the rear fixed platform support wall (2) and the front support platform support wall (3) are assembled together through an arc-shaped cut surface.

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