Construction method and system of skewback

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge construction, in particular to a skewback construction method and system.The skewback construction method comprises the following steps that a construction platform is arranged at the preset position of a skewback opening, and a slag sliding funnel is arranged on the construction platform; carrying out excavation operation on the skewback; when the height of the bottom of the tunnel face of the arch support excavation area is larger than that of the bottom of the arch support hole, slag discharging operation is conducted through a slag sliding groove and a slag sliding funnel; and when the height of the bottom of the tunnel face of the arch support excavation area is lower than that of the bottom of the arch support hole, deslagging operation is carried out through the track, the deslagging vehicle and the slag sliding funnel. The technical problems that in the prior art, construction equipment and materials are transported to the skewback by building a construction road, slag discharging operation is conducted through a slag car, building of the construction road and running of the slag car are limited by topographic gradients, and the construction of the inclined skewback on the cliff is difficult to be suitable for construction of the inclined skewback on the cliff can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge construction technology, and in particular to a construction method and system for arch abutments. Background Technology

[0002] When constructing the arch abutment foundation of a bridge, it is necessary to first excavate a pit of the corresponding shape at the predetermined location of the arch abutment foundation, and continuously install arch frames inside the pit as the excavation work progresses to prevent the pit from collapsing. After the excavation work is completed, steel bars are tied and concrete is poured inside the pit to form the arch abutment foundation. The existing arch abutment construction method generally refers to the tunnel construction method, that is, first build a construction access road directly leading to the arch abutment opening to transport construction equipment or materials to the arch abutment opening, then use the inclined shaft excavation method to construct the arch abutment pit, and use dump trucks and construction access roads to carry out muck removal operations during the excavation process, and finally pour concrete.

[0003] However, as more and more bridges are being built in various regions, the terrain conditions where bridge arches are located are becoming increasingly extreme. For example, in a certain plateau region, the arches of a bridge are located on a cliff with a slope of more than 43°, and some of the arches extend cantilevered relative to the cliff slope. The angle between the central axis of the arch and the horizontal plane also exceeds 45°, which will lead to the following problems: (1) The terrain around the arch seat is too steep, making it difficult to build a construction access road that leads directly to the arch seat opening. This will make it difficult to deliver construction equipment and materials to the arch seat opening, and will also make it difficult to transport the excavated slag away from the excavation area, thus making it difficult to carry out the construction of the arch seat.

[0004] (2) The tilt of the central axis of the arch seat will cause the slope of the tunnel entrance and the slope inside the tunnel to have corresponding slopes, which will cause the dump truck to repeatedly climb up and down the slope when entering and exiting the arch seat. This will not only reduce the driving speed of the dump truck and increase the cost of the dump truck operation, but also make the dump truck prone to stalling and slipping when climbing up and down the slope, and even cause safety accidents such as the dump truck overturning and loss of speed control. Furthermore, when the slope of the tunnel entrance and the slope inside the tunnel exceeds the maximum climbing slope of the dump truck, the dump truck will be unable to enter or exit the arch seat, resulting in the complete cessation of the dump truck operation.

[0005] In summary, there is an urgent need to develop a new method for excavating and removing slag from arches located on cliffs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the technical problem that the existing technology of transporting construction equipment and materials to the arch seat by building construction access roads and using dump trucks for slag removal is limited by the terrain slope and is difficult to apply to the construction of inclined arch seats on cliffs. The invention provides a construction method and system for arch seats.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a construction method for an arch seat, comprising the following steps: setting up a construction platform at a predetermined position at the arch seat opening, the construction platform being equipped with a chute; excavating the arch seat; when the height of the bottom of the working face of the arch seat excavation area is higher than the height of the bottom of the arch seat opening, transferring the excavated material to the bottom of the opening slope via a chute, and then dumping the material below the construction platform via the chute; when the height of the bottom of the working face of the arch seat excavation area is lower than the height of the bottom of the arch seat opening, transferring the excavated material to the top of the chute via a muck truck traveling along a track, one end of the track extending into the arch seat opening and the other end extending above the chute; and then dumping the material below the construction platform via the chute.

[0008] Preferably, the excavation operation includes the following steps: S1. Divide the arch abutment into an upper excavation area and a lower excavation area along a first direction; the first direction is parallel to the height direction of the arch abutment cross-section; divide the lower excavation area into a passage area and two support areas located on both sides of the passage area along a second direction; the second direction is parallel to the width direction of the arch abutment cross-section; divide the support area into several equilateral triangular areas and inverted triangular areas along the first direction, the plumb direction, and the third direction; the third direction is parallel to the length direction of the arch abutment; let the equilateral triangular area located at the nth layer along the plumb direction be the nth-order triangular support wall, n=1, 2, 3…; S2. Excavate the upper excavation area and set arch frames at intervals within the upper excavation area along the third direction. S2, S3, Excavate the lower excavation area until the face of the upper excavation area advances in the third direction to be level with or below the bottom surface of the nth triangular support wall; S4, Excavate the lower excavation area until the face of the passage area advances in the vertical direction to be level with the bottom surface of the nth triangular support wall, and form the nth triangular support wall on both sides of the passage area; Extend the arch frame to connect with the side of the nth triangular support wall facing the upper excavation area, and / or extend the arch frame to connect with the exposed bottom surface of the lower excavation area; S5, Repeat S2 to S3, incrementing the value of n by one each time, until the face of the upper excavation area advances to the bottom of the arch seat; Excavate the remaining part of the lower excavation area, extend the arch frame to connect with the bottom surface of the lower excavation area, and complete the excavation of the arch seat.

[0009] Preferably, when excavating the tunnel area in S3, the tunnel face is first advanced by drilling and blasting on the side of the tunnel area closest to the upper excavation area, and then the tunnel face is advanced by water-cooled drilling on the side of the tunnel area closest to the tunnel entrance slope.

[0010] Preferably, the thickness of the triangular support wall along the second direction is T, and T gradually increases in the direction away from the upper excavation area.

[0011] Preferably, when the advancing depth of the working face in the third direction of the upper excavation area is less than or equal to m meters, a water-cooled drill is used to advance the working face; when the advancing depth of the working face in the third direction of the upper excavation area is greater than m meters, a drill-and-blast method is used to advance the working face; the value of m is matched with the trajectory of the blasted flying rocks.

[0012] Preferably, when the height of the bottom of the working face in the arch abutment excavation area is higher than the height of the bottom of the arch abutment opening, the slag removal operation further includes the following steps: placing a collection box with an open top surface below the lower end of the slag chute, transferring the slag from the excavation area to the slag chute, and allowing the slag to slide along the slag chute into the interior of the collection box; hoisting the collection box to the top of the slag chute using a cableway system, and tilting the collection box to allow the slag to be poured into the slag chute.

[0013] Preferably, when the height of the bottom of the working face in the arch abutment excavation area is higher than the height of the bottom of the arch abutment opening, the slag removal operation further includes the following steps: gradually dismantling the slag chute of the corresponding length as the height of the opening slope decreases.

[0014] Preferably, when the height of the bottom of the working face in the arch abutment excavation area is lower than the height of the bottom of the arch abutment opening, the slag removal operation further includes the following steps: using a winch to pull the slag removal car along the track to move it into the arch abutment opening, and loading the slag into the slag removal car; using a winch to pull the slag removal car along the track to move it above the receiving port of the slag chute, and dumping the slag in the slag removal car into the slag chute.

[0015] Preferably, the method further includes the following steps: calculating the ratio E of the single-cycle muck removal time of the arch seat to the single-cycle construction time of the arch seat according to the following formula: E=(a×roundup(B / b)) / C; where a represents the single muck removal time; B represents the single-cycle excavation volume; b represents the single muck removal volume of the muck truck; C represents the single-cycle construction time of the arch seat; roundup represents the round-up function; determining whether E is less than a predetermined threshold; if yes, then continue construction; if no, then adjust the speed of the winch or improve the specifications of the winch.

[0016] Preferably, the method further includes the following steps: setting a steering pulley at the arch seat opening and setting a winch on the construction platform; connecting a traction rope to the construction equipment, with the end of the traction rope away from the construction equipment passing around the steering pulley and connecting to the winch; and using the winch to pull the construction equipment in and out of the arch seat.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a construction system for an arch abutment, applicable to a construction method for an arch abutment of the present invention, comprising: a construction platform, on which a chute is provided, and a chute funnel is connected above the chute; a chute outlet system, comprising a chute chute connected to the slope of the arch abutment opening, the upper end of the chute chute leading to the excavation area of ​​the arch abutment, and the lower end of the chute chute extending to the bottom of the slope of the opening; and an in-cavity chute outlet system, comprising a track and a chute truck; the track is connected to the construction platform, and the track comprises an in-cavity section and an out-of-cavity section, one end of the out-of-cavity section being located above the chute funnel, and the other end of the out-of-cavity section extending toward the arch abutment opening; one end of the in-cavity section being connected to the end of the out-of-cavity section away from the chute funnel, and the other end of the in-cavity section extending into the arch abutment opening; and the chute truck being capable of traveling along the track.

[0018] Preferably, the slag removal car includes a frame and a carriage. The frame is equipped with wheels at the bottom, the carriage is connected to the frame, the carriage has an inlet at the top and an outlet at the bottom, and the outlet is equipped with an openable cover.

[0019] Preferably, the system also includes an internal cableway, which comprises a gantry support, a first anchoring device, a second anchoring device, and a load-bearing rope. The bottom of the gantry support is connected to the construction platform, and a first pulley block is installed at the top of the gantry support. The first anchoring device is installed on the ceiling inside the arch cavity. The second anchoring device is connected to the construction platform and is located on the side of the gantry support away from the arch cavity opening. One end of the load-bearing rope is connected to the first anchoring device, and the other end of the load-bearing rope passes around the first pulley block and connects to the second anchoring device. A lifting trolley is installed on the load-bearing rope.

[0020] Preferably, the system also includes a rockfall protection system, comprising a fixed base, a rubber buffer layer, a fixed anchor bolt, an energy-dissipating ring, and a connecting rope; the fixed base and the arch seat are fixedly connected; a drum is rotatably connected to the fixed base. One end of the rubber buffer layer is connected to the drum; several connectors are spaced apart along the edge of the rubber buffer layer. The fixed anchor bolt and the arch seat opening are fixedly connected. The energy-dissipating ring is disposed between the rubber buffer layer and the fixed anchor bolt, and includes a spiral tube and a limiting sleeve; the spiral tube is spirally wound, and the limiting sleeve is fitted at the intersection of the spiral tube. One end of the connecting rope is connected to a connector, and the other end of the connecting rope passes through the spiral tube and is connected to the fixed anchor bolt.

[0021] Preferably, a slag chute is also provided below the construction platform, with one end of the slag chute connected to the slag chute hole and the other end of the slag chute extending downward along the direction of the plumb bob.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention provides a construction method for an arch seat, which involves setting up a construction platform at the arch seat opening and dividing the muck removal operation into two stages based on the height of the bottom of the arch seat opening. When the working face of the arch seat excavation area is above the bottom of the arch seat opening, an opening muck removal system including a chute is used. When the working face of the arch seat excavation area is below the bottom of the arch seat opening, an in-tunnel muck removal system including a track and a muck truck is used. This method provides a stable working plane for equipment movement, equipment and material stacking, and other operations required for excavation and muck removal, and avoids the need for workers to repeatedly drive muck trucks up and down the opening slope and the in-tunnel slope. This improves the overall construction speed and efficiency of the arch seat, avoids the safety hazards caused by muck trucks repeatedly climbing and descending slopes, and avoids the technical problems of construction access roads and muck trucks being unsuitable for cliff terrain.

[0023] 2. This invention provides a construction system for an arch seat. By setting up a construction platform, a muck removal system at the arch seat opening, and a muck removal system inside the arch seat, the excavation and muck removal operations of the arch seat are not only not limited by the cliff terrain, but also the muck removal efficiency can be improved by utilizing the height difference of the cliff terrain, thereby greatly improving the overall construction efficiency of the arch seat. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the construction steps of a construction method for an arch seat according to the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partially enlarged structural diagram; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a partial sectional view of section AA; Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure at point B; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation area zoning for a construction method of an arch seat according to the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation area zoning for a construction method of an arch seat according to the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation steps for a construction method of an arch seat according to the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation steps for a construction method of an arch seat according to the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation steps for a construction method of an arch seat according to the present invention. Figure 3 ; Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the excavation steps for a construction method of an arch seat according to the present invention. Figure 4 ; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation steps for a construction method of an arch seat according to the present invention. Figure 5 ; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation steps for a construction method of an arch seat according to the present invention. Figure 6 ; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the construction steps of a construction method for an arch seat according to the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 14 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the slag removal vehicle in Example 2; Figure 15 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the slag removal vehicle frame in Example 2; Figure 16 This is a side view of the construction platform in Example 2; Figure 17 This is a partially enlarged side view of the construction platform in Example 2; Figure 18 This is a side view of the rock-flying protection system in Example 2; Figure 19 yes Figure 18 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point C in the middle; icon: 100-Arch base; 101-Upper excavated area; 102-Passage area; 1021-Unexcavated part; 1022-Entrance slope; 103-Support area; 1031-Triangular support wall; 104-Arch frame; 1041-Arch leg; 201-Drum; 202-Rubber buffer layer; 203-Fixed anchor bolt; 204-Connecting collar; 205-Spiral tube; 206-Limiting sleeve; 207-Connecting rope; 300-Construction platform; 310-Steel panel; 320-Distribution beam; 330-Bailey beam; 340-Main beam; 350-Steel pipe column; 360-Connecting system; 370-Pile foundation; 380-Top cap; 390-Shelter opening; 311-Rubber pad; 312-Protective steel plate; 313-Slag chute; 314-Slag chute cylinder; 315-Collection box; 316-Winch; 317-Traction rope; 318-Steering pulley; 400 - Slag chute; 410 - Segment; 411 - Flange; 420 - Wedge-shaped gasket; 430 - Buffer pad; 440 - Limiting steel pipe; 500 - Track; 501 - External section of tunnel; 502 - Internal section of tunnel; 503 - Column; 504 - Diagonal brace; 600 - Slag removal car; 610 - Chassis; 611 - Traveling wheel; 612 - Mounting frame; 613 - Traction connection point; 614 - Pump station; 620 - Car body; 621 - Top sealing plate; 630 - Cover plate; 631 - Ear plate; 640 - First telescopic rod; 650 - Second telescopic rod; 651 - Locking pin; 710 - Gantry support; 720 - First anchoring device; 730 - Second anchoring device; 740 - Load-bearing rope. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the above-mentioned subject matter of the present invention to the following embodiments. All technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," and "parallel" does not imply that the corresponding device / component / element is required to be absolutely horizontal, vertical, suspended, or parallel, but rather that it may be slightly tilted or have a deviation. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding device / component / element, when set in a "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," or "parallel" direction, can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, and more preferably within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the solution of the present invention. Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "third" in the terminology is merely for distinguishing descriptions of identical or similar components and should not be construed as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of a particular component. Additionally, in the description of embodiments of the present invention, "several," "multiple," and "several" represent at least two. The number can be any number, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, and may even exceed nine. Furthermore, in the description of the technical solutions of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified / limited / restricted, the terms "set," "install," "connect," "link," "provided with," "laid," and "arranged" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to common connection methods in the art, such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connections. Such connections can be mechanical, electrical, or communication connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication of two components.

[0026] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 19 As shown, a construction method for an arch seat includes the following steps: A construction platform 300 is set up at a predetermined position at the opening of the arch seat 100, and a slag chute 313 is set up on the construction platform 300; excavation work is carried out on the arch seat 100; when the height of the bottom of the working face of the excavation area of ​​the arch seat 100 is higher than the height of the bottom of the opening of the arch seat 100 ( Figure 6 When the first elevation in the tunnel is reached, the excavated material is transferred from the excavation area to the bottom of the tunnel entrance slope 1022 via the chute 400, and then transferred to the chute hopper 313, and dumped below the construction platform 300 via the chute hopper 313. When the bottom of the working face of the excavation area of ​​the arch seat 100 is lower than the bottom of the tunnel entrance of the arch seat 100, the excavated material is transferred from the excavation area to the top of the chute hopper 313 via the muck truck 600 traveling along the track 500. One end of the track 500 extends to the vicinity of the excavation area inside the tunnel of the arch seat 100, and the other end of the track 500 extends to the top of the chute hopper 313. The excavated material from the muck truck 600 is then dumped into the chute hopper 313, and dumped below the construction platform 300 via the chute hopper 313.

[0027] The construction method of the arch seat in this embodiment involves setting up a construction platform 300 at the opening of the arch seat 100, which provides a stable working plane for equipment movement, equipment and material stacking, and other operations required for excavation and slag removal, thereby improving the overall construction speed and efficiency of the arch seat 100.

[0028] On the other hand, this embodiment divides the muck removal operation into two stages based on the height of the bottom of the arch 100 opening. When the working face of the excavation area of ​​the arch 100 is above the bottom of the arch 100 opening, an opening muck removal system including a chute 400 is used. This allows the muck to be automatically slid down the chute 400 and away from the excavation area by utilizing the slope of the opening slope 1022 and gravity. The muck is then transferred to the chute hopper 313, allowing it to automatically reach the ground through the chute under gravity. When the working face of the excavation area of ​​the arch 100 is below the bottom of the arch 100 opening, a bag is used instead. The tunnel muck removal system includes a track 500 and a muck truck 600, which enables efficient transfer of muck materials directly between the excavation area and the chute 313 via the muck truck 600 traveling along the fixed track 500. As can be seen, this embodiment does not require workers to drive muck trucks up and down repeatedly along the tunnel entrance slope 1022 and the tunnel interior slope, thus greatly improving the efficiency of muck removal operations, saving the corresponding muck truck operating costs, avoiding the safety hazards caused by muck trucks repeatedly climbing and descending slopes, and avoiding the problem that the maximum climbing gradient of muck trucks is insufficient, making them unsuitable for muck removal operations at the tunnel entrance of the steep arch seat 100.

[0029] exist Figures 1 to 19Arrows are used to indicate the various directions in this embodiment, where the X-axis represents the height direction of the arch 100 section; the Y-axis and U-axis are both parallel to the horizontal plane, with the Y-axis representing the width direction of the arch 100 section and the U-axis perpendicular to the Y-axis; the Z-axis represents the length direction of the arch 100 (i.e., the direction of the central axis); and the W-axis represents the direction of the plumb line. It should also be noted that... Figure 5 In order to facilitate the distinction between the inner walls of the arch frame 104 and the arch seat 100, the distance between the inner walls of the arch frame 104 and the arch seat 100 has been artificially increased. This does not mean that the inner walls of the arch frame 104 and the arch seat 100 are separated from each other. The unexcavated part 1021 of the passage area 102 and the support area 103 use different profile lines only for the purpose of distinction. This does not mean that they are made of different materials.

[0030] In an optional implementation, the excavation operation includes the following steps: S1. Divide the arch seat 100 into an upper excavation area 101 and a lower excavation area along a first direction; the first direction is parallel to the height direction of the arch seat 100 cross-section. Divide the lower excavation area into a passage area 102 and two support areas 103 located on both sides of the passage area 102 along a second direction; the second direction is parallel to the width direction of the arch seat 100 cross-section. Divide the support area 103 into several strip segments along a third direction, which is parallel to the length direction of the arch seat 100. Then, divide each strip segment into smaller rhomboid segments along the first direction, and then divide each rhomboid segment into equilateral triangular areas along the plumb line. Figure 6 The triangular region filled with grid profile lines and the inverted triangular region ( Figure 6 (The triangular region in the middle that is not filled with grid profile lines); Let the equilateral triangular region located on the nth layer along the plumb line be the nth-order triangular support wall 1031, n=1, 2, 3...

[0031] S2. Excavate the upper excavation area 101 so that the working face of the upper excavation area 101 is parallel to the XOY plane, and set arch frames 104 at intervals in the upper excavation area 101 along the third direction until the working face of the upper excavation area 101 is advanced along the third direction to be flush with or lower than the bottom surface of the nth triangular support wall 1031.

[0032] S3. Excavate the lower excavation area until the face of the tunnel area 102 is advanced in the vertical direction to be flush with the bottom surface of the nth triangular support wall 1031, and form the nth triangular support wall 1031 on both sides of the tunnel area 102; then extend the arch frame 104 to connect with the side of the nth triangular support wall 1031 facing the upper excavation area 101, so that the load of the arch frame 104 can be transferred to the bottom surface of the lower excavation area through the triangular support wall 1031 in the first direction; as the number of cycles increases, the bottom surface of the lower excavation area will gradually be exposed. At this time, the arch leg 1041 in the corresponding area can be extended to connect with the exposed bottom surface of the lower excavation area, thereby directly transferring the load to the bottom surface of the lower excavation area.

[0033] When excavating the lower excavation area in S3, the passage area 102 can be excavated along the plumb line to form a horizontal working face (i.e., the top surface of the unexcavated part 1021), which facilitates the parking and movement of construction equipment. The methods for extending the arch frame 104 in S3 include, but are not limited to: connecting different numbers of arch legs 1041 to one end of the arch frame 104 facing the triangular support wall 1031, thereby changing the length of the arch frame 104 (this extension method will be used as an example in the following descriptions); or directly using an adjustable length arch frame 104 or arch legs 1041. It should be noted that for the support area 103, when forming the first-order triangular support wall 1031, only the passage area 102 needs to be excavated, without excavating the support area 103. The rock mass of the unexcavated support area 103 can then naturally form the first-order triangular support wall 1031. However, when n≥2, not only does the passage area 102 need to be excavated, but the (n-1)th-order triangular support wall 1031 and the inverted triangular area below the (n-1)th-order triangular support wall 1031 also need to be excavated in order to form (expose) the nth-order triangular support wall 1031.

[0034] S4. Repeat S2 to S3 to perform staggered excavation of the upper excavation area 101 and the lower excavation area, incrementing the value of n by one each time, until the face of the upper excavation area 101 reaches the bottom of the arch abutment 100 (e.g. Figure 6 At the second elevation position in the middle), the excavation work in the upper excavation area 101 is completed, and jump to S4.

[0035] S5. Repeat S3 separately, incrementing the value of n by one each time, until the face of the tunnel area 102 is advanced to be flush with the bottom surface of the last triangular support wall 1031; excavate the remaining part of the lower excavation area, extend the arch leg 1041 of the arch frame 104 to connect with the bottom surface of the lower excavation area, and complete the excavation operation of the arch seat 100.

[0036] In this embodiment, the arch base 100 is divided into an upper excavation area 101, a passage area 102, and a support area 103, and different excavation methods are adopted for the upper excavation area 101, the passage area 102, and the support area 103 respectively. The face of the upper excavation area 101 advances along the third direction, which can keep the cross-sectional shape and size of the upper excavation area 101 unchanged. Therefore, the shape and size of the arch frame 104 installed in the upper excavation area 101 can also be kept uniform. Thus, there is no need to design different excavation plans and arch frame 104 support plans for different cross-sections, thereby improving the excavation efficiency and excavation speed of the upper excavation area 101.

[0037] For the support area 103, this embodiment divides the support area 103 into several levels of triangular support walls 1031, and gradually excavates downwards as the tunnel face 102 advances. On the one hand, this makes the normal direction of the side of the triangular support wall 1031 facing the excavated area 101 parallel to the first direction. Thus, when the arch frame 104 is connected to the triangular support wall 1031, the load transfer direction in the arch frame 104 is consistent with the load transfer direction after the arch seat 100 is completed. This is beneficial to maximize the use of the design strength of the arch frame 104 to ensure the safety of construction inside the tunnel during excavation, and also to reduce the design difficulty of the arch frame 104 and reduce the risk of deformation or even damage to the arch frame 104 during construction due to loads that are inconsistent with the actual operating state of the arch seat 100.

[0038] Furthermore, when excavating the support area 103 layer by layer downwards to form triangular support walls 1031 of various stages, this embodiment only needs to continuously extend the arch frame 104 along the first direction to keep the arch frame 104 supported on the triangular support wall 1031. Since the arch frame 104 itself is set along the first direction, this embodiment can also keep the load direction inside the arch frame 104 parallel to the setting direction of the arch frame 104 while continuously extending the arch frame 104, avoiding the load transmission direction from forming an angle with the setting direction of the arch frame 104, which would cause eccentric compression inside the arch frame 104 and ultimately lead to instability. After the excavation work reaches the elevation below the bottom elevation of the arch seat 100 opening, the bottom surface of the lower excavation area will gradually be exposed. At this time, the arch frame 104 can be connected to the exposed bottom surface of the lower excavation area, so that the connection state of this part of the arch frame 104 is consistent with the state after the arch seat 100 is completed, and there is no need to extend this part of the arch frame 104 further.

[0039] For the passage area 102, since the passage area 102 does not involve the support of the arch frame 104, this embodiment advances the working face of the passage area 102 in the vertical direction. On the one hand, it can form a working plane in the upper part of the passage area 102 that can be used to move and park construction equipment, so as to improve the excavation efficiency of the upper excavation area 101 and the support area 103; on the other hand, it can also reduce the excavation difficulty of the passage area 102 itself.

[0040] In an optional embodiment, the thickness of the triangular support wall 1031 along the second direction is T, and T gradually increases in the direction away from the upper excavation area 101, so that the projection of the triangular support wall 1031 on the horizontal plane is a right trapezoid, which is equivalent to thickening the triangular support wall 1031 whose projection is rectangular. When the upper excavation area 101 or the passage area 102 is blasted, if a flying stone hits the triangular support wall 1031, the thickened area will first come into contact with the flying stone and absorb the impact of the flying stone, thereby avoiding the area where the triangular support wall 1031 is connected to the arch frame 104 from being directly hit by flying stones and being damaged, which would lead to the bottom of the arch frame 104 being suspended. Furthermore, the shorter side of the projection of the triangular support wall 1031 on the horizontal plane is closer to the upper excavation area 101, and the longer side is closer to the opening of the arch seat 100. On the one hand, this can reduce the encroachment of the thickened area on the passage area 102, thereby leaving more room for the excavation equipment to move. On the other hand, it also makes the side of the triangular support wall 1031 that is close to the passage area 102 a sloping surface, which can guide flying rocks away from the direction of the arch frame 104, thereby further reducing the probability of damage to the part where the triangular support wall 1031 is connected to the arch frame 104 and the arch frame 104.

[0041] In an optional implementation, in S3, when n is greater than one and the (n-1)th triangular support wall 1031 needs to be excavated, the (n-1)th triangular support wall 1031 on one side is excavated first, and the corresponding side of the arch frame 104 is connected to the bottom surface of the nth triangular support wall 1031 or the lower excavation area; then the triangular support wall 1031 on the other side is excavated and the corresponding arch frame 104 is extended; that is, the triangular support walls 1031 on both sides of the arch seat 100 are not excavated at the same time, but one side is excavated first and then the other side is excavated, so as to avoid the situation that both sides of the arch frame 104 are suspended, thereby improving the safety of construction inside the tunnel; the specific order can be either left to right or right to left.

[0042] In an optional embodiment, in S3, when n is greater than two and it is necessary to excavate the (n-1)th triangular support wall 1031, for the (n-1)th triangular support wall 1031 on one side, the (n-1)th triangular support wall 1031 away from the arch seat 100 opening can be excavated first, and the corresponding arch frame 104 can be connected to the exposed nth triangular support wall 1031 or the bottom surface of the lower excavation area. Then, the (n-1)th triangular support wall 1031 near the arch seat 100 opening and the corresponding arch frame 104 can be extended. This embodiment can avoid the situation where one side of the arch frame 104 is completely suspended, thereby further improving the safety of construction inside the tunnel.

[0043] In an optional implementation, when the advancing depth of the working face of the upper excavation area 101 along the third direction is less than or equal to m meters, a water-cooled drill is used to advance the working face; when the advancing depth of the working face of the upper excavation area 101 along the third direction is greater than m meters, a drill-and-blast method is used to advance the working face; the value of m is matched with the trajectory of the blasting debris so that the debris cannot fly out of the arch 100 opening, or so that when the debris reaches the arch 100 opening, most of its kinetic energy has been dissipated, thereby greatly reducing or even completely avoiding damage to the structure near the arch 100 opening caused by the debris; the trajectory of the debris can be determined by the cross-sectional dimensions of the arch 100, the inclination angle of the working face of the upper excavation area 101, and the advance parameters of each cycle.

[0044] In an optional implementation, when excavating the tunnel area 102 in S3, the tunnel face of the tunnel area 102 is first advanced by drilling and blasting on the side of the tunnel area 102 closest to the upper excavation area 101, and then the tunnel face of the tunnel area 102 is advanced by water-jet drilling on the side of the tunnel area 102 closest to the tunnel entrance slope 1022; the distribution width of the drilling and blasting construction area and the water-jet drilling construction area is determined according to the actual situation.

[0045] In this embodiment, when excavating the passage area 102, the drill-and-blast method is used only on the side of the passage area 102 closest to the upper excavation area 101. During blasting, the rock mass on the side of the passage area 102 away from the upper excavation area 101 can be used as a temporary protective measure. Then, the remaining part is excavated by water-jet drilling. This avoids direct contact between the blasting face and the fly rock protection system during the entire excavation process of the passage area 102, thereby reducing the impact of fly rocks on the fly rock protection system and reducing the probability of damage to equipment or existing structures near the arch 100 opening due to damage to the fly rock protection system.

[0046] In an optional embodiment, when the height of the bottom of the working face of the excavation area of ​​the arch seat 100 is higher than the height of the bottom of the opening of the arch seat 100, the slag removal operation further includes the following steps: placing a collection box 315 with an open top surface below the lower end of the slag chute 400, transferring the slag from the excavation area to the slag chute 400, and allowing the slag to slide along the slag chute 400 into the interior of the collection box 315; hoisting the collection box 315 to the top of the slag chute 313 via a cableway system, and tilting the collection box 315 to allow the slag to be poured into the slag chute 313.

[0047] This embodiment uses a cableway to hoist the collection box 315 as a whole to transfer slag between the slag chute 400 and the slag funnel 313. On the one hand, it can reduce the length of the slag chute 400, so that the slag chute 400 does not have to extend directly to the slag funnel 313. This can reduce the design difficulty and manufacturing cost of the slag chute 400, and also allow the slag chute 400 to be hidden as much as possible on the slope surface 1022 at the tunnel entrance, thereby reducing the probability of the slag chute 400 being damaged by flying rocks. On the other hand, this embodiment can also improve the utilization rate of the existing cableway system.

[0048] In an optional embodiment, when the height of the bottom of the working face of the excavation area of ​​the arch seat 100 is higher than the height of the bottom of the arch seat 100 opening, the slag removal operation further includes the following steps: gradually dismantling the corresponding length of the slag chute 400 as the height of the opening slope 1022 decreases; the specific dismantling method depends on the structure of the slag chute 400. For example, if the slag chute 400 is an integral structure, it can be cut; if the slag chute 400 is a segmented structure, the length of the slag chute 400 can be adjusted by dismantling the segments.

[0049] In an optional embodiment, when the height of the bottom of the working face in the excavation area of ​​the arch seat 100 is lower than the height of the bottom of the arch seat 100 opening, the muck removal operation further includes the following steps: a muck removal car 600 is pulled along the track 500 by a winch 316 to the arch seat 100 opening, and the muck material is loaded into the muck removal car 600; the muck removal car 600 is pulled along the track 500 by a winch 316 to the top of the receiving port of the slag chute 313, and the muck material in the muck removal car 600 is dumped into the slag chute 313. In this embodiment, the maximum gradient of the muck removal car 600 depends on the maximum traction force provided by the winch 316, and is not limited by the adhesion between the tires and the ground, thus adapting to the construction of the arch seat 100 foundation with a larger inclination angle.

[0050] In an optional embodiment, the construction method for the arch seat further includes the following step: calculating the ratio E of the single-cycle slag removal time of the arch seat 100 to the single-cycle construction time of the arch seat 100 according to the following formula: E=(a×roundup(B / b)) / C In the formula, a represents the single muck removal time, which can be taken as min; B represents the single cycle excavation volume, which can be taken as m^3; b represents the single muck removal volume of muck truck 600, which can be taken as m^3; C represents the single cycle construction time of arch seat 100, which can be taken as min; and roundup represents the round-up function.

[0051] Determine whether E is less than the predetermined threshold. If yes, it means that the operation rhythm of the slag removal operation and the excavation operation are matched and construction can continue. If no, it means that the operation rhythm of the slag removal operation and the excavation operation are not matched, resulting in the slag removal time accounting for too long in a single cycle time, which increases the construction period. At this time, the speed of the winch 316 can be adjusted or the specifications of the winch 316 can be improved until E is less than the predetermined threshold.

[0052] In an optional embodiment, the construction method of the arch seat further includes the following steps: setting a steering pulley 318 at the opening of the arch seat 100 and setting a winch 316 on the construction platform 300; connecting a traction rope 317 to the construction equipment (e.g., an excavator or a loader), with the end of the traction rope 317 away from the construction equipment passing around the steering pulley 318 and connecting to the winch 316; when the construction equipment needs to enter or exit the arch seat 100, the construction equipment is pulled by the winch 316 to avoid the slope of the opening 1022 of the arch seat 100 or the slope inside the opening exceeding the maximum climbing slope of the construction equipment, which would prevent the construction equipment from entering or exiting the arch seat 100.

[0053] Example 2 A construction system for an arch abutment, applied to the construction method of the arch abutment in Example 1, includes a construction platform 300, an entrance muck removal system, and an in-tunnel muck removal system; the construction platform 300 is provided with a muck chute, and a muck chute funnel 313 is connected above the muck chute; the entrance muck removal system includes a muck chute 400 connected to the entrance slope 1022 of the arch abutment 100, the upper end of the muck chute 400 leading to the excavation area of ​​the arch abutment 100, and the lower end of the muck chute 400 extending to the bottom of the entrance slope 1022; the in-tunnel muck removal system... The system includes a track 500 and a muck truck 600. The track 500 is connected to the construction platform 300. The track 500 includes an inner section 502 and an outer section 501. One end of the outer section 501 is located above the muck chute 313, and the other end of the outer section 501 extends toward the entrance of the arch seat 100. One end of the inner section 502 is connected to the end of the outer section 501 away from the muck chute 313, and the other end of the inner section 502 extends into the arch seat 100. The muck truck 600 can travel along the track 500.

[0054] In an optional embodiment, the projection of the slag chute 313 onto the ground is located at the bottom of the cliff slope, for example... Figure 1As shown, the slag chute 313 is located between the two steel pipe columns 350 furthest from the arch seat 100 opening, so that when the slag falls from the bottom of the slag chute 313, the slag can directly reach the bottom of the slope, instead of the slag falling on the slope surface of the cliff and being given horizontal velocity by the slope surface, causing the slag to be splashed everywhere and damage the surrounding equipment and existing structures.

[0055] In an optional embodiment, the construction platform 300 includes a steel panel 310, distribution beams 320, Bailey beams 330, main beams 340, and steel pipe columns 350. The length of the distribution beams 320 is set along the Y-axis direction, and multiple distribution beams 320 are spaced apart along the U-axis direction. The length of the Bailey beams 330 is set along the U-axis direction, and multiple Bailey beams 330 are spaced apart along the Y-axis direction on the bottom surface of the distribution beams 320. The length of the main beams 340 is set along the Y-axis direction, and multiple main beams 340 are distributed along the U-axis direction on the bottom surface of the Bailey beams 330. The distribution spacing of the distribution beams 320 is smaller than that of the main beams 340, that is, the main beams 340, Bailey beams 330, and distribution beams 320 intersect and overlap each other perpendicularly upwards, and the spacing gradually decreases. Multiple steel pipe columns 350 are spaced apart along the Y-axis direction below each main beam 340 to jointly bear the load transmitted from the steel panel 310.

[0056] In optional implementations, such as Figure 16 As shown, a connecting system 360 is provided between two adjacent steel pipe columns 350, and / or, at least one steel pipe column 350 is provided with a connecting system 360 to the slope; the length of the connecting system 360 is set in the horizontal direction, and the connecting system 360 can adopt a truss structure.

[0057] In an optional embodiment, the steel panel 310 may be made of patterned steel plate to enhance the anti-slip effect of the steel panel 310; an elevator and / or tower crane may also be installed on the side of the construction platform 300; one or more of the following may be installed above the construction platform 300: air compressor room, material warehouse, emergency material warehouse, duty room, rest room, machinery parking area, water storage tank, and portable toilet; a shed 390 may be installed below the construction platform 300, and a pedestrian passage and existing driveway may be installed inside the shed 390.

[0058] In optional embodiments, the connection method between the steel pipe column 350 and the ground includes, but is not limited to, pile foundation 370 and ribbed foundation, the specific choice depending on the site geological conditions; for example Figure 16 As shown, a pile foundation 370 is installed below the construction platform 300. The bottom end of the pile foundation 370 is inserted into the ground, and a top cap 380 is installed at the top of the pile foundation 370. The bottom end of the steel pipe column 350 is connected to the top cap 380.

[0059] In an optional embodiment, a slag chute 314 is also provided below the construction platform 300. One end of the slag chute 314 is connected to the slag chute hole, and the other end of the slag chute 314 extends downward along the plumb line, thereby preventing slag from splashing everywhere and damaging the construction platform 300 and its supporting structure. The slag chute 314 and the slag chute hole can be detachably connected to facilitate the replacement of damaged slag chute 314. The specific forms of detachable connection include, but are not limited to, flange connection, tenon connection or snap-fit ​​connection.

[0060] In an optional embodiment, the slag discharge system at the tunnel entrance further includes a collection box 315. The upper opening of the collection box 315 connects to the lower end of the slag chute 400, allowing the slag sliding down the slag chute 400 to be collected by the collection box 315, preventing the slag from accumulating disorderly on the construction platform 300. The number of collection boxes 315 can be set to two or more. When one collection box 315 is lifted away to unload slag, another collection box 315 can be moved to the lower end of the slag chute 400 to continue receiving slag. At least two lifting points can be spaced apart on the top surface of the collection box 315 to facilitate tilting the collection box 315 by differentially adjusting the height of the two lifting points, thereby causing the collection box 315 to tilt downwards to discharge slag. Figure 1 (Not shown in the image); the specific structural forms of the lifting points include, but are not limited to, lifting lugs, lifting rings, or lifting hooks.

[0061] In an optional embodiment, the slag chute 400 is divided into at least two segments 410 along its length, and adjacent segments 410 are detachably connected (including but not limited to threaded connections, fastener connections, or tenon and mortise connections), for example... Figure 4 As shown, flanges 411 are provided at both ends of segment 410 along its length direction. Threaded fasteners are inserted into two adjacent flanges 411 to achieve a detachable connection between adjacent segments 410. A stiffening plate can also be provided between the outer wall of segment 410 and the flange 411 to further enhance the strength and rigidity of the connection between two adjacent segments 410.

[0062] In an optional embodiment, the chute 400 includes a parallel section and a raised section. The upper end of the parallel section leads to the excavation area, and the length direction of the parallel section is parallel to the slope surface 1022 of the opening. The upper end of the raised section is connected to the lower end of the parallel section, and the lower end of the raised section is raised in a direction away from the slope surface 1022 of the opening, with the lower end of the raised section leading to the opening of the collection box 315. The raised section not only helps to increase the elevation of the bottom of the chute 400, allowing the bottom of the chute 400 to extend above the opening of the collection box 315, but also helps to reduce the acceleration of the slag at the bottom of the chute 400, thereby reducing the impact of the slag on the collection box 315.

[0063] In optional implementations, such as Figure 4As shown, a wedge-shaped pad 420 is provided between the raised section and the parallel section. The thickness of the wedge-shaped pad 420 is set along the length direction of the slag chute 400, and the thickness of the wedge-shaped pad 420 gradually decreases from one end near the slag chute 1022 to the other end along the normal direction of the slag chute 1022.

[0064] In an optional embodiment, a buffer layer 430 is further provided between the chute 400 and the tunnel entrance slope 1022 to provide buffering between the rock mass of the chute 400 and the tunnel entrance slope 1022, preventing direct rigid collision between the chute 400 and the tunnel entrance slope 1022, thereby improving the service life of the chute 400. The specific form of the buffer layer 430 includes, but is not limited to, rubber pads, wooden blocks, or spring pads.

[0065] In an optional embodiment, limiting steel pipes 440 are provided on both sides of the chute 400 along its width direction, and at least two limiting steel pipes 440 are provided on each side of the chute 400. The limiting steel pipes 440 on both sides are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the chute 400. One end of the limiting steel pipe 440 is inserted into the rock stratum of the slope 1022 of the tunnel entrance, and the other end of the limiting steel pipe 440 is connected to the chute 400, for example, by abutment, welding, or threaded connection. Cement grout can be injected into the limiting steel pipe 440 to produce a reliable limiting effect on the chute 400.

[0066] In an optional embodiment, the muck removal system inside the tunnel also includes a winch 316 and a traction rope 317. The winch 316 is connected to the construction platform 300; one end of the traction rope 317 is connected to the winch 316, and the other end of the traction rope 317 is connected to the muck removal vehicle 600, so that the muck removal vehicle 600 can be pulled along the track 500 by the winch 316.

[0067] In an optional embodiment, at least two columns 503 are provided below both the external section 501 and the internal section 502 of the track 500, with the columns 503 spaced apart along the length of the track 500. The end of the column 503 in the external section 501, furthest from the external section 501, is connected to the construction platform 300, and the end of the column 503 in the internal section 502, furthest from the internal section 502, is connected to the internal slope of the arch seat 100. The specific structural form of the columns 503 includes, but is not limited to, steel pipe columns, concrete columns, or reinforced concrete structural columns. Diagonal braces 504 can be connected between adjacent columns 503; the specific location and parameters of the diagonal braces 504 are determined according to the support requirements of the track 500, and... Figure 13 As shown, two or more diagonal braces 504 can be set between two adjacent columns 503 to form an X-shaped structure. Furthermore, at least two rows of columns 503 can be spaced apart along the width direction of the track 500, and crossbeams can be further connected between two adjacent columns 503 along the width direction of the track 500 to further increase the support effect of the columns 503 on the track 500.

[0068] In an optional embodiment, a plurality of steering pulleys 318 are spaced apart along the length of the track 500, and the traction rope 317 passes around the steering pulleys 318 and is connected to the slag discharge car 600. The specific location of the steering pulley 318 depends on the tensioning and steering requirements of the traction rope 317. For example, steering pulleys 318 can be installed on the side of the tunnel section 501 away from the arch seat 100 opening, and on both sides of the arch seat 100 opening along the length of the track 500. The former is used to reverse the direction of the traction rope 317 so that the winch 316 can be placed in the middle of the tunnel section 501. This can prevent the position of the winch 316 from exceeding the range of the construction platform 300, and can also change the direction of the traction rope 317, which originally extends along the length of the track 500, to the horizontal direction. This will prevent the winch 316 from being subjected to the vertical component of force and only the horizontal component of force, which can reduce the difficulty of anchoring force analysis and anchoring method design of the winch 316. The latter is used to guide the traction rope 317 to turn with the track 500 at the arch seat 100 opening, preventing the traction rope 317 from directly scraping the arch seat 100 structure at the arch seat 100 opening.

[0069] In an optional embodiment, the slag discharge car 600 includes a frame 610 and a carriage 620. The frame 610 is equipped with wheels 611 at its bottom, and the carriage 620 is connected to the frame 610. The top of the carriage 620 has an inlet, and the bottom has an outlet. An openable cover 630 is provided at the outlet, allowing slag to be discharged directly from the bottom of the slag discharge car 600 to the slag chute 313 by opening the cover 630, without needing to overturn the entire slag discharge car 600. This improves slag discharge efficiency, reduces the risk of the slag discharge car 600 overturning, and eliminates the additional design and construction costs of a tilting mechanism. Figure 15 As shown, independent cover plates 630 can be connected to both sides of the discharge port along the width direction of the frame 610.

[0070] In optional implementations, such as Figure 14 As shown, the carriage 620 has a box-shaped structure, but it does not have end plates at the bottom, so the entire bottom of the carriage 620 can be used as a discharge port; its top is only provided with a top sealing plate 621 on one side, so only a part of the top area of ​​the carriage 620 is closed, while the other part remains open and serves as a feed inlet; and a corner of the carriage 620 is cut off at the end where the feed inlet is located, so that the feed inlet is high at one end and low at the other end. Thus, when the carriage 620 tilts due to the terrain, the top sealing plate 621 can block the slag and prevent it from spilling; and the tilt of the feed inlet itself can offset part of the tilt of the terrain, so that the feed inlet is closer to the horizontal than the terrain, making it easier for the excavator to dump slag into it.

[0071] In an optional embodiment, a plurality of ear plates 631 are provided at intervals on one side of the cover plate 630, and ear plates 631 are also provided at corresponding positions on the frame 610. Thus, when the cover plate 630 and the ear plates 631 of the frame 610 are connected to each other through a pivot, the cover plate 630 can swing around the ear plates 631. Correspondingly, the frame 610 is also provided with a mounting frame 612 and a first telescopic rod 640. The mounting frame 612 is connected to the frame 610 and extends upward along the height direction of the frame 610. The length of the first telescopic rod 640 is perpendicular to the traveling direction of the traveling wheel 611. The two ends of the first telescopic rod 640 are respectively hinged to the mounting frame 612 and the cover plate 630, and the hinge axis is set along the traveling direction of the traveling wheel 611. Thus, when the first telescopic rod 640 extends or retracts, the first telescopic rod 640 can drive the cover plate 630 to swing relative to the frame 610.

[0072] In an optional embodiment, a limiting plate is provided on the cover plate 630, and a locking hole is provided on the limiting plate. The normal of the limiting plate and the axis of the locking hole are both set along the traveling direction of the traveling wheel 611. A corresponding limiting hole is provided at the bottom of the carriage 620. When the cover plate 630 is fastened to the discharge port, the limiting plate can be inserted into the limiting hole. A locking pin 651 is also connected to the frame 610 through a second telescopic rod 650. When the limiting plate is inserted into the limiting hole, the locking pin 651 can be aligned with the axis of the locking hole. Then, the second telescopic rod 650 is extended or retracted to drive the locking pin 651 to insert or leave the locking hole, thereby locking or unlocking the rotational freedom of the cover plate 630.

[0073] In optional embodiments, the specific forms of the first telescopic rod 640 and the second telescopic rod 650 include, but are not limited to, electric telescopic rods, hydraulic rods, or pneumatic telescopic rods; if either the first telescopic rod 640 or the second telescopic rod 650 is a hydraulic rod, then it can be as follows: Figure 14 As shown, a pump station 614 is also provided on the frame 610 for driving the extension and retraction of the hydraulic rod.

[0074] In an optional embodiment, a towing connection point 613 is connected to the frame 610, the towing connection point 613 including a towing ring and / or a towing hook. For example Figure 14 As shown, a strip steel plate is welded to one end of the frame 610 as a traction connection point 613, and a round hole is opened on the strip steel plate to facilitate the threading of the traction rope 317.

[0075] In an optional embodiment, in order to facilitate the unloading of slag from the slag discharge car 600, the slag discharge car 600 is provided with two rows of traveling wheels 611 along the width direction of the frame 610, and the car body 620 is located between the two rows of traveling wheels 611; correspondingly, the track 500 adopts a double track 500, so that when the cover plate 630 at the bottom of the car body 620 is opened, the slag can fall between the two tracks 500.

[0076] In an optional embodiment, for an inclined arch 100 with a certain depth, it is difficult to transport materials deep into it using a tower crane. Therefore, the construction system for the arch 100 may also include an in-tunnel cableway to solve this problem. The in-tunnel cableway includes a gantry support 710, a first anchoring device 720, a second anchoring device 730, and a load-bearing rope 740. The bottom of the gantry support 710 is connected to the construction platform 300, and a first pulley block is provided at the top of the gantry support 710. The first anchoring device 720 is located at the top of the arch 100. The second anchoring device 730 is connected to the construction platform 300 and is located on the side of the gantry support 710 away from the opening of the arch 100. One end of the load-bearing rope 740 is connected to the first anchoring device 720, and the other end of the load-bearing rope 740 passes around the first pulley block and is connected to the second anchoring device 730. A lifting trolley is provided on the load-bearing rope 740.

[0077] In optional embodiments, the specific structures of the first anchoring device 720 and the second anchoring device 730 can refer to the prior art, including but not limited to wedge anchoring structures, pressure plate anchoring structures, or drum 201 type anchoring structures. For example, the first anchoring structure can use steel anchor rods, and the number of steel anchor rods can be one or more; the second anchoring device 730 includes a cross beam, the bottom surface of which is connected to the construction platform 300, and the top surface of the cross beam is provided with a perforated connecting plate, and the end of the load-bearing rope 740 away from the first anchoring device 720 is connected to the perforated connecting plate.

[0078] In an optional embodiment, the system further includes a second pulley block, a winch 316, and a traction cable. The second pulley block is connected to the first anchoring device 720, the winch 316 is connected to the construction platform 300, one end of the traction cable is connected to the winch 316, and the other end of the traction cable passes around the first and second pulley blocks, then returns to the first pulley block and is reconnected to the winch 316, forming a loop. The crane trolley is connected to the traction cable, so that the winch 316 can pull the crane trolley to move.

[0079] In an optional embodiment, the arch 100 opening is further equipped with a rockfall protection system, including a fixed base, a rubber buffer layer 202, a fixed anchor bolt 203, an energy-dissipating ring, and a connecting rope 207; the fixed base is fixedly connected to the arch 100, and a drum 201 is rotatably connected to the fixed base; one end of the rubber buffer layer 202 is connected to the drum 201 to achieve rapid winding and rapid deployment; several connectors are distributed at intervals along the edge of the rubber buffer layer 202, and the connectors include connecting collars 204; the fixed anchor bolt 203 is fixedly connected to the arch 100 opening. Next, a connecting collar 204 is also provided at one end of the fixed anchor 203 near the rubber buffer layer 202; an energy dissipation ring is provided between the rubber buffer layer 202 and the fixed anchor 203, the energy dissipation ring includes a spiral tube 205 and a limiting sleeve 206, the spiral tube 205 is spirally wound, and the limiting sleeve 206 is sleeved at the intersection of the spiral tube 205; one end of the connecting rope 207 is connected to the connecting collar 204 of the rubber buffer layer 202, and the other end of the connecting rope 207 passes through the spiral tube 205 and is connected to the connecting collar 204 of the fixed anchor 203.

[0080] In an optional embodiment, a rubber pad 311 is also provided on the construction platform 300, and the upper surface of the rubber pad 311 is covered with a protective steel plate 312. When a flying stone flies out from the opening of the arch seat 100 and lands on the construction platform 300, the protective steel plate 312 and the rubber pad 311 can transform the instantaneous rigid impact between the flying stone and the construction platform 300 into a long-term flexible impact between the flying stone and the protective steel plate 312, thereby greatly reducing the damage of the flying stone to the construction platform 300.

[0081] In an optional embodiment, a steering pulley 318 and a traction rope 317 that passes around the steering pulley 318 are also provided on the construction platform 300 near the opening of the arch seat 100. One end of the traction rope 317 is connected to the winch 316, and the other end of the traction rope 317 is connected to the construction equipment, so that the construction equipment can be pulled in and out of the arch seat 100 by the winch 316.

[0082] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for an arch seat, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A construction platform (300) is set up at the predetermined position of the arch seat (100) opening, and a slag chute (313) is set up on the construction platform (300); the arch seat (100) is excavated. When the height of the bottom of the working face of the excavation area of ​​the arch seat (100) is higher than the height of the bottom of the arch seat (100) opening, the slag in the excavation area is transferred to the bottom of the opening slope (1022) through the slag chute (400), and then the slag is dumped to the bottom of the construction platform (300) through the slag funnel (313). When the height of the bottom of the working face of the excavation area of ​​the arch seat (100) is lower than the height of the bottom of the arch seat (100) opening, the slag material in the excavation area is transferred to the top of the slag chute (313) by the slag truck (600) traveling along the track (500). One end of the track (500) extends into the arch seat (100) opening, and the other end of the track (500) extends to the top of the slag chute (313). The slag material is then dumped to the bottom of the construction platform (300) through the slag chute (313).

2. The construction method for an arch seat according to claim 1, characterized in that, Excavation work includes the following steps: S1. Divide the arch seat (100) into an upper excavation area (101) and a lower excavation area along the first direction; the first direction is parallel to the height direction of the arch seat (100) cross section; divide the lower excavation area into a passage area (102) and two support areas (103) located on both sides of the passage area (102) along the second direction; the second direction is parallel to the width direction of the arch seat (100) cross section; divide the support area (103) into several equilateral triangle areas and inverted triangle areas along the first direction, the plumb line and the third direction, the third direction is parallel to the length direction of the arch seat (100); let the equilateral triangle area located at the nth layer along the plumb line be the nth triangular support wall (1031), n=1, 2, 3...; S2. Excavate the upper excavation area (101) and set arch frames (104) at intervals in the upper excavation area (101) along the third direction until the working face of the upper excavation area (101) is advanced along the third direction to be flush with or lower than the bottom surface of the nth triangular support wall (1031). S3. Excavate the lower excavation area until the face of the tunnel area (102) is advanced along the plumb line to be flush with the bottom surface of the nth triangular support wall (1031), and form the nth triangular support wall (1031) on both sides of the tunnel area (102); extend the arch frame (104) to connect with the side of the nth triangular support wall (1031) facing the upper excavation area (101), and / or extend the arch frame (104) to connect with the exposed bottom surface of the lower excavation area; S4. Repeat S2 to S3, incrementing the value of n by one each time, until the face of the upper excavation area (101) is advanced to the bottom of the arch seat (100); remove the remaining part of the lower excavation area, extend the arch frame (104) to connect with the bottom surface of the lower excavation area, and complete the excavation operation of the arch seat (100).

3. The construction method for an arch seat according to claim 2, characterized in that, When excavating the tunnel area (102) in S3, the tunnel face (102) is first advanced by drilling and blasting on the side of the tunnel area (102) close to the upper excavation area (101), and then the tunnel face (102) is advanced by water-cooled drilling on the side of the tunnel area (102) close to the tunnel entrance slope (1022).

4. The construction method for an arch seat according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the triangular support wall (1031) along the second direction is T, which gradually increases in the direction away from the upper excavation area (101).

5. The construction method for an arch seat according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the advancing depth of the face of the upper excavation area (101) along the third direction is less than or equal to m meters, water-cooled drill is used to advance the face; when the advancing depth of the face of the upper excavation area (101) along the third direction is greater than m meters, drill-blast method is used to advance the face; the value of m is matched with the trajectory of the blasting fly rocks.

6. A construction method for an arch seat according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, When the height of the bottom of the working face of the excavation area of ​​the arch seat (100) is higher than the height of the bottom of the arch seat (100) opening, the slag removal operation also includes the following steps: Place a collection box (315) with an open top surface below the lower end of the chute (400) to transfer the slag from the excavation area to the chute (400) so that the slag slides into the inside of the collection box (315) along the chute (400); The collection box (315) is hoisted to the top of the slag chute (313) via a cableway system, and the collection box (315) is tilted so that the slag is poured into the slag chute (313).

7. A construction method for an arch seat according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, When the height of the bottom of the face of the excavation area of ​​the arch seat (100) is higher than the height of the bottom of the arch seat (100) opening, the slag removal operation also includes the following steps: gradually dismantle the corresponding length of the slag chute (400) as the height of the opening slope (1022) decreases.

8. A construction method for an arch seat according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, When the height of the bottom of the working face of the excavation area of ​​the arch seat (100) is lower than the height of the bottom of the arch seat (100) opening, the slag removal operation also includes the following steps: The slag car (600) is pulled along the track (500) by the winch (316) to the arch seat (100) hole, and the slag is loaded into the slag car (600); The slag car (600) is pulled by the winch (316) and moved along the track (500) to the top of the receiving port of the slag chute (313), and the slag in the slag car (600) is poured into the slag chute (313).

9. A construction method for an arch seat according to claim 8, characterized in that, The following steps are also included: Calculate the ratio E of the single-cycle slag removal time of the arch seat (100) to the single-cycle construction time of the arch seat (100) according to the following formula: E=(a×roundup(B / b)) / C In the formula, a represents the single muck removal time; B represents the single cycle excavation volume; b represents the single muck removal volume of the muck truck (600); C represents the single cycle construction time of the arch seat (100); and roundup represents the round-up function. Determine whether E is less than the predetermined threshold; if yes, continue construction; if no, adjust the speed of the winch (316) or improve the specifications of the winch (316).

10. A construction method for an arch seat according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: A steering pulley (318) is installed at the opening of the arch seat (100), and a winch (316) is installed on the construction platform (300). A traction rope (317) is connected to the construction equipment, and the end of the traction rope (317) away from the construction equipment passes around the steering pulley (318) and is connected to the winch (316). The construction equipment is pulled in and out of the arch seat (100) by the winch (316).

11. A construction system for an arch seat, characterized in that, A construction method for an arch abutment according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising: Construction platform (300), a chute is provided on the construction platform (300), and a chute funnel (313) is connected above the chute. The slag removal system at the tunnel entrance includes a slag chute (400), which is connected to the tunnel entrance slope (1022) of the arch abutment (100). The upper end of the slag chute (400) leads to the excavation area of ​​the arch abutment (100), and the lower end of the slag chute (400) extends to the bottom of the tunnel entrance slope (1022). The muck removal system includes a track (500) and a muck removal vehicle (600). The track (500) is connected to the construction platform (300). The track (500) includes an inner section (502) and an outer section (501). One end of the outer section (501) is located above the muck chute (313), and the other end of the outer section (501) extends toward the entrance of the arch seat (100). One end of the inner section (502) is connected to the end of the outer section (501) away from the muck chute (313), and the other end of the inner section (502) extends into the arch seat (100). The muck removal vehicle (600) can travel along the track (500).

12. The construction system for an arch seat according to claim 11, characterized in that, The slag removal car (600) includes a frame (610) and a car body (620). The frame (610) is equipped with wheels (611) at the bottom. The car body (620) is connected to the frame (610). The top of the car body (620) is equipped with a feed inlet, and the bottom of the car body (620) is equipped with a discharge outlet. The discharge outlet is equipped with an openable cover plate (630).

13. The construction system for an arch seat according to claim 11, characterized in that, It also includes the cable car inside the cave, which includes: Gantry support (710), the bottom of the gantry support (710) is connected to the construction platform (300), and the top of the gantry support (710) is equipped with a first pulley group; The first anchoring device (720) is installed on the top of the arch (100) hole; The second anchoring device (730) is connected to the construction platform (300) and is located on the side of the gantry support (710) away from the opening of the arch seat (100); The load-bearing rope (740) has one end connected to the first anchoring device (720) and the other end connected to the second anchoring device (730) after passing over the first pulley block. A lifting trolley is installed on the load-bearing rope (740).

14. A construction system for an arch seat according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that, It also includes a fly rock protection system, which includes: A fixed seat is fixedly connected to an arch seat (100); a drum (201) is rotatably connected to the fixed seat. A rubber buffer layer (202) is provided, one end of which is connected to the roll (201); several connectors are distributed at intervals along the edge of the rubber buffer layer (202); Fixed anchor rod (203), fixed anchor rod (203) and arch seat (100) opening are fixedly connected; Energy dissipation ring, the energy dissipation ring is set between the rubber buffer layer (202) and the fixed anchor (203). The energy dissipation ring includes a spiral tube (205) and a limiting sleeve (206). The spiral tube (205) is spirally wrapped around, and the limiting sleeve (206) is sleeved at the intersection of the spiral tube (205). The connecting rope (207) is connected at one end to the connector and at the other end through the spiral tube (205) and connected to the fixed anchor rod (203).

15. A construction system for an arch seat according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that, A slag chute (314) is also provided below the construction platform (300). One end of the slag chute (314) is connected to the slag chute hole, and the other end of the slag chute (314) extends downward along the plumb line.

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