Optimization method and device of surge protection device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses an optimization method and device of a surge protection device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of electromagnetic pulse protection. Compared with the prior art, a simulation model is established based on the pulse duration and leading edge characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses, so that the optimization of the surge protection device is facilitated; optimization parameters of response time, impedance characteristics and energy discharge capability of the surge protection device are output according to real-time pulse characteristics by using the pre-training model, precise adaptive optimization of device performance is realized, and short duration and steep leading edge characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses are fully considered, so that the method has the advantages of being high in reliability and high in reliability. The technical problems of response delay, impedance mismatch and insufficient energy discharge caused by the fact that high-energy electromagnetic pulse characteristics are not fully considered due to the fact that a traditional lightning protection device is adopted in an existing surge protection method can be solved, and the protection efficiency of the surge protection device on high-energy electromagnetic pulses is improved. And the technical effects of timely device response, reasonable impedance matching and effective energy discharge are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of electromagnetic pulse protection technology, and in particular to an optimization method and apparatus for surge protection devices, electronic devices, and storage media. Background Technology

[0002] Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) technology, as a core means to ensure the stable operation of electronic equipment in complex electromagnetic environments, is widely used in aerospace, industrial control, and communication infrastructure. With the emergence of extreme electromagnetic interference sources such as high-altitude electromagnetic pulses (HEMPs), the design concepts of traditional surge protective devices (SPDs) are no longer sufficient to meet the protection requirements of modern systems against ultra-fast pulses. Related technologies utilize the synergistic operation of shielding, grounding, and SPDs to construct a protection system against conducted interference. Specifically, this system covers the entire process from pulse response modeling and device selection to installation process optimization, including key aspects such as electromagnetic effect analysis, impedance matching design, and multi-level protection strategies, to effectively suppress transient interference.

[0003] However, existing SPD protection methods directly use traditional lightning protection devices without fully considering the short duration and steep leading edge characteristics of HEMP pulses, which may lead to problems such as response delay, impedance mismatch and insufficient energy discharge. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure provides an optimized method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for surge protection devices. Its main objective is to address issues of response delay, impedance mismatch, and insufficient energy dissipation.

[0005] According to a first aspect of this disclosure, an optimization method for a surge protection device is provided, comprising:

[0006] Based on the pulse duration and pulse leading edge characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses, a simulation model of the electromagnetic effect characteristics of the device is established.

[0007] To obtain the pulse duration and pulse leading-edge characteristics of real-time high-energy electromagnetic pulses;

[0008] The pulse duration and pulse leading-edge characteristics are input into the pre-trained simulation model to obtain optimized parameters for the response time, impedance characteristics, and energy discharge capability of the surge protection device; wherein, the pre-trained simulation model is trained based on the historical pulse duration and historical pulse leading-edge characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses;

[0009] The surge protection device is optimized based on the optimized parameters of its response time, impedance characteristics, and energy dissipation capability.

[0010] Optionally, after optimizing the surge protection device based on optimization parameters for its response time, impedance characteristics, and energy dissipation capability, the method further includes:

[0011] Based on a preset control strategy, an inter-stage coordination strategy is executed for different types of surge protection devices; wherein, the surge protection devices include at least one of switching type, limiting type and dual limiting type.

[0012] Optionally, before inputting the pulse duration and the pulse leading-edge characteristics into the pre-trained simulation model, the method further includes:

[0013] The propagation path of high-energy electromagnetic pulses inside the equipment is modeled using the finite-difference time-domain method or the transmission line matrix method.

[0014] By setting pulse excitation sources with different frequency components, the coupling effect of the spectral characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses on the device is simulated, and the pre-trained simulation model is obtained.

[0015] Optionally, the step of inputting the pulse duration and the pulse leading-edge characteristics into the pre-trained simulation model to obtain optimized parameters for the response time, impedance characteristics, and energy dissipation capability of the surge protection device includes:

[0016] The input-output impedance ratio of each stage of surge protection device is calculated by using an impedance matching algorithm, so that energy can be transferred efficiently between stages and reflection can be avoided.

[0017] Optionally, the step of implementing inter-stage coordination strategies for different types of surge protection devices based on a preset control strategy further includes:

[0018] Set the response time of the switch-type surge protection device to the minimum value to ensure rapid conduction of the front stage and limit overvoltage of the downstream stage;

[0019] A dynamic response threshold adjustment mechanism is adopted to automatically adjust the clamping voltage of the limiting surge protection device according to the pulse intensity.

[0020] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, an optimized device for surge protection is provided, comprising:

[0021] Establish a unit to build a simulation model of the electromagnetic effect characteristics of the device based on the pulse duration and pulse leading edge characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses;

[0022] The acquisition unit is used to acquire the pulse duration and pulse leading-edge characteristics of real-time high-energy electromagnetic pulses.

[0023] The calculation unit is used to input the pulse duration and the pulse leading edge characteristics into the pre-trained simulation model to obtain optimized parameters for the response time, impedance characteristics and energy discharge capability of the surge protection device; wherein, the pre-trained simulation model is trained based on the historical pulse duration and historical pulse leading edge characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses;

[0024] An optimization unit is used to optimize the surge protection device based on optimization parameters for the surge protection device's response time, impedance characteristics, and energy dissipation capability.

[0025] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0026] An execution unit is configured to, after the optimization unit optimizes the surge protection device according to the optimization parameters of the surge protection device's response time, impedance characteristics, and energy dissipation capability, execute an inter-stage coordination strategy for different types of surge protection devices based on a preset control strategy; wherein the surge protection device includes at least one of switching type, limiting type, and dual limiting type.

[0027] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0028] The establishment unit is also used to model the propagation path of high-energy electromagnetic pulses inside the device using the finite-difference time-domain method or the transmission line matrix method before the calculation unit inputs the pulse duration and the pulse leading-edge characteristics into the pre-trained simulation model.

[0029] The training unit is used to simulate the coupling effect of the spectral characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses on the device by setting pulse excitation sources with different frequency components, so as to obtain the pre-trained simulation model.

[0030] Optionally, the computing unit is further configured to:

[0031] The input-output impedance ratio of each stage of surge protection device is calculated by using an impedance matching algorithm, so that energy can be transferred efficiently between stages and reflection can be avoided.

[0032] Optionally, the execution unit is further configured to:

[0033] Set the response time of the switch-type surge protection device to the minimum value to ensure rapid conduction of the front stage and limit overvoltage of the downstream stage;

[0034] A dynamic response threshold adjustment mechanism is adopted to automatically adjust the clamping voltage of the limiting surge protection device according to the pulse intensity.

[0035] According to a third aspect of this disclosure, an electronic device is provided, comprising:

[0036] At least one processor; and

[0037] A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0038] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method described in the first aspect above.

[0039] According to a fourth aspect of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided storing computer instructions, wherein the computer instructions are configured to cause the computer to perform the method described in the first aspect above.

[0040] According to a fifth aspect of this disclosure, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in the first aspect above.

[0041] The surge protection device optimization method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium disclosed herein mainly include: establishing a simulation model of the device's electromagnetic effect characteristics based on the pulse duration and pulse leading-edge characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses; acquiring the pulse duration and pulse leading-edge characteristics of real-time high-energy electromagnetic pulses; inputting the pulse duration and pulse leading-edge characteristics into a pre-trained simulation model to obtain optimization parameters for the surge protection device's response time, impedance characteristics, and energy dissipation capability; wherein the pre-trained simulation model is trained based on historical pulse durations and historical pulse leading-edge characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses; and performing optimization of the surge protection device based on the optimization parameters for its response time, impedance characteristics, and energy dissipation capability. Compared with related technologies, this application achieves precise adaptation and optimization of device performance by establishing a simulation model based on the pulse duration and leading-edge characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses and using a pre-trained model to output optimized parameters for the response time, impedance characteristics, and energy dissipation capability of surge protection devices based on real-time pulse characteristics. It fully considers the short duration and steep leading-edge characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses. Therefore, it can solve the technical problems of response delay, impedance mismatch, and insufficient energy dissipation caused by the use of traditional lightning protection devices and insufficient consideration of high-energy electromagnetic pulse characteristics in existing surge protection methods. This improves the protection effectiveness of surge protection devices against high-energy electromagnetic pulses, ensuring timely device response, reasonable impedance matching, and effective energy dissipation.

[0042] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this application, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this application. Other features of this application will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0043] The accompanying drawings are provided to better understand this solution and do not constitute a limitation of this disclosure. Wherein:

[0044] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart illustrating an optimization method for a surge protection device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0045] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of an optimized device for surge protection provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0046] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an optimized device for another surge protection device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0047] Figure 4 A schematic block diagram of an example electronic device provided for embodiments of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, including various details of the embodiments to aid understanding, and should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure. Similarly, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0049] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, outlines an optimization method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for surge protection devices according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating an optimization method for a surge protection device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0052] Step 101: Based on the pulse duration and pulse leading edge characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses, establish a simulation model of the electromagnetic effect characteristics of the device.

[0053] In high-energy electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) protection research, establishing a simulation model of the electromagnetic effect characteristics of equipment is a crucial foundational step. The core of this step lies in fully utilizing the inherent pulse characteristics of HEMP, namely its shorter pulse duration and steeper pulse leading edge compared to traditional lightning impulses. These unique pulse characteristics directly influence the electromagnetic response behavior of equipment under HEMP. Therefore, when constructing the simulation model, these characteristics need to be used as key input parameters to accurately map the time-domain characteristics of HEMP. Simultaneously, the simulation model must be closely linked to the equipment's own electromagnetic properties, including its ultra-fast wave response characteristics, impedance characteristics, and potential discharge characteristics. By integrating these inherent electromagnetic parameters, the model can realistically reflect the electromagnetic effect process of the equipment in a HEMP environment. Through such a simulation model, the intensity of electromagnetic interference, energy coupling paths, and electromagnetic response laws of key components generated by HEMP can be quantitatively analyzed. This provides a reliable theoretical basis and data support for subsequently determining effective surge protection device parameters and optimizing protection layout schemes, ensuring that the simulation results accurately guide actual HEMP protection design work.

[0054] Step 102: Obtain the pulse duration and pulse leading-edge characteristics of the real-time high-energy electromagnetic pulse;

[0055] High-energy electromagnetic pulses (HEMPs) exhibit significantly unique pulse characteristics. Their pulse duration is typically on the order of hundreds of nanoseconds, far shorter than traditional lightning impulse pulses; while their pulse leading edge is much steeper, reaching the nanosecond level. This means that the pulse rises extremely rapidly from its initial state to its peak. To obtain these real-time characteristics, high-precision measurement equipment and technologies are required, such as high-speed oscilloscopes with ultra-high sampling rates and dedicated electromagnetic pulse detectors, to capture and acquire electromagnetic signals in the HEMP's action scenario in real time.

[0056] Specifically, real-time acquisition of pulse duration requires recording the complete time span from initial triggering to energy decay to a specific threshold, accurately reflecting the duration of pulse energy action. Real-time acquisition of pulse leading-edge characteristics focuses on measuring the time interval between the pulse rising from 10% to 90% of its peak value. This parameter is directly related to the pulse rise rate and is crucial for assessing the instantaneous interference intensity of HEMPs. By acquiring these characteristic data in real time, the actual pulse characteristics of the current HEMP can be accurately grasped, avoiding deviations that may arise from relying on theoretical values ​​or historical data. This provides real and reliable raw data support for subsequent simulation modeling and protection parameter design based on real-time characteristics, ensuring that subsequent protection measures are more closely aligned with actual HEMP interference situations.

[0057] Step 103: Input the pulse duration and the pulse leading edge characteristics into the pre-trained simulation model to obtain optimized parameters for the response time, impedance characteristics, and energy discharge capability of the surge protection device; wherein, the pre-trained simulation model is trained based on the historical pulse duration and historical pulse leading edge characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses;

[0058] The pre-trained simulation model is built on historical pulse data of high-energy electromagnetic pulses. By collecting a large amount of historical HEMP pulse duration and historical pulse leading-edge characteristics, and combining the electromagnetic response law of the equipment under the action of corresponding historical pulses and the actual working performance of the SPD, the model is trained and optimized so that it can accurately simulate the correlation between different HEMP pulse characteristics and SPD performance parameters.

[0059] In practical applications, the real-time pulse duration and pulse leading-edge characteristics, reflecting the pulse rise rate and instantaneous interference intensity, are input into the pre-trained simulation model. Based on the mapping relationship formed during historical training, the model optimizes the key performance parameters of the surge protection device (SPD) under the current HEMP scenario. Specifically, the response time optimization parameter ensures that the SPD can quickly activate protection under the steep leading-edge HEMP at the nanosecond level, preventing instantaneous impact from pulse energy. The impedance characteristic optimization parameter matches the impedance matching requirements between the device and the SPD, reducing energy reflection and loss, and improving energy conduction efficiency. The energy dissipation capability optimization parameter focuses on the SPD's ability to dissipate huge pulse energy in a short time, ensuring it can effectively divert excessive energy injected by HEMP and prevent equipment damage due to energy overload. Through this process, the pre-trained simulation model can output targeted optimization parameters based on real-time pulse characteristics, providing a scientific basis for the selection and parameter setting of subsequent surge protection devices, ensuring the effectiveness and adaptability of protection measures.

[0060] Step 104: Optimize the surge protection device according to the optimization parameters of the surge protection device's response time, impedance characteristics, and energy dissipation capability.

[0061] To optimize response time, it's necessary to consider the steep leading edge of the HEMP pulse. Parameter adjustments are needed to ensure the SPD can quickly initiate protective actions within a very short time, preventing pulse energy from entering the device due to response delay. This process requires careful consideration of the compatibility between the device's internal triggering mechanism and the material's response speed, ensuring it functions promptly within the hundreds of nanoseconds of pulse duration. For impedance characteristic optimization, based on the impedance matching requirements between the device and the SPD, adjustments are needed. This can be achieved by adjusting the device's internal structural parameters or using suitable decoupling components, such as inductors and resistors, to reduce energy reflection and transmission loss. Especially in the protection of data ports on high-frequency signal lines, it's crucial to ensure that the optimized impedance characteristics do not introduce excessive insertion loss, guaranteeing uninterrupted normal signal transmission. Optimizing energy dissipation capability focuses on the SPD's ability to divert massive HEMP energy in a short time. This is achieved through multi-stage coordination strategies, such as the synergy between switching and limiting SPDs or the coordination of two-stage limiting SPDs. By adjusting parameters, the energy carrying capacity and dissipation efficiency of the device can be enhanced. At the same time, innovation in the mounting process is required, such as optimizing lead layout to reduce parasitic inductance and adjusting the coaxial design of structures like the core rod to reduce the impact of parasitic parameters and prevent current and voltage overshoot caused by lead inductance. Ultimately, the SPD can efficiently dissipate excessive HEMP energy while meeting response speed and impedance matching requirements, providing reliable protection for the equipment.

[0062] In some embodiments, after optimizing the surge protection device according to optimization parameters of the surge protection device's response time, impedance characteristics, and energy dissipation capability, the method further includes:

[0063] Based on a preset control strategy, an inter-stage coordination strategy is executed for different types of surge protection devices; wherein, the surge protection devices include at least one of switching type, limiting type and dual limiting type.

[0064] Because HEMP surges are characterized by short pulse duration and steep pulse leading edges, single-stage surge protection devices often struggle to fully cope with their instantaneous high-energy impacts. However, complementary and enhanced protection performance can be achieved through the inter-stage coordination of different types of devices. The preset control strategy needs to consider the inherent characteristics of various surge protection devices, such as the rapid conduction and discharge capability of switching surge protection devices and the precise voltage limiting function of limiting surge protection devices, to rationally plan the functional division and coordination mechanism of each stage of devices. Specifically, a strategy combining switching surge protectors and limiting surge protectors can be adopted. The switching device quickly conducts at the initial stage of a strong pulse to discharge most of the energy, and then the limiting device further limits the residual voltage to prevent subsequent equipment from suffering overvoltage damage. Alternatively, a strategy combining two stages of limiting surge protectors can be adopted. The first-stage limiting device initially attenuates the pulse energy, and the second-stage limiting device precisely controls the voltage level, forming a stepped protection. During interstage coordination, the preset control strategy also needs to clarify the selection and arrangement of decoupling components. Inductors or resistors are usually used as decoupling components to reduce mutual interference between devices at each stage, avoid the degradation of protection performance caused by energy coupling, and ensure that different types of surge protection devices such as switching type, limiting type and double limiting type can work together efficiently during interstage coordination, give full play to their respective protection advantages, and ultimately form a multi-level and all-round protection against HEMP conducted interference.

[0065] In some embodiments, before inputting the pulse duration and the pulse leading-edge characteristics into the pre-trained simulation model, the method further includes:

[0066] The propagation path of high-energy electromagnetic pulses inside the equipment is modeled using the finite-difference time-domain method or the transmission line matrix method.

[0067] By setting pulse excitation sources with different frequency components, the coupling effect of the spectral characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses on the device is simulated, and the pre-trained simulation model is obtained.

[0068] Before inputting the pulse duration and pulse leading-edge characteristics into the pre-trained simulation model, a foundational model must be constructed using specialized modeling methods to ensure that the model accurately reflects the interaction between high-energy electromagnetic pulses (HEMPs) and the equipment. A crucial step is modeling the conduction path of HEMPs within the equipment using either the finite-difference time-domain (FTD) method or the transmission line matrix method. The FTD, by discretizing the continuous electromagnetic field in space and time, efficiently solves the electromagnetic wave equations, making it suitable for simulating the propagation, reflection, and refraction of fast pulses like HEMPs within complex internal structures. It clearly presents the conduction path and energy distribution of pulse energy after it enters the equipment port through circuits, cables, and other components. The transmission line matrix method, based on transmission line theory, represents internal cables and connectors as discrete transmission line unit matrices. It accurately simulates the energy coupling and attenuation characteristics of pulses in transmission paths with different impedance characteristics, and is particularly suitable for analyzing the conduction patterns of pulses in multi-branched cables and complex connection structures within equipment.

[0069] Based on this, by setting pulse excitation sources with different frequency components, the coupling effect of HEMP's spectral characteristics on the device is simulated, thus obtaining a pre-trained simulation model. The pulse characteristics of HEMP determine that it contains rich high-frequency spectral components, and different frequency components have different coupling capabilities to the device—high-frequency components easily achieve electromagnetic coupling through device gaps, cables, etc., while low-frequency components may generate stronger induced currents inside the device. By setting multi-frequency excitation sources covering the typical frequency range of HEMP, the electromagnetic coupling mechanisms between pulses of different frequencies and the device can be comprehensively simulated, including electric field coupling, magnetic field coupling, and conduction coupling, obtaining electromagnetic response data of the device at different frequencies, such as port induced voltage and current intensity. These conduction path data obtained through modeling using the finite-difference time-domain method or transmission line matrix method are combined with coupling effect data under different frequency excitation sources. Through data training and model optimization, a pre-trained simulation model that accurately maps the relationship between HEMP pulse characteristics and the device's electromagnetic response is finally formed, laying a reliable foundation for obtaining optimization parameters by inputting real-time pulse characteristics.

[0070] In some embodiments, inputting the pulse duration and the pulse leading-edge characteristics into a pre-trained simulation model to obtain optimized parameters for the response time, impedance characteristics, and energy dissipation capability of the surge protection device includes:

[0071] The input-output impedance ratio of each stage of surge protection device is calculated by using an impedance matching algorithm, so that energy can be transferred efficiently between stages and reflection can be avoided.

[0072] In the process of inputting pulse duration and pulse leading-edge characteristics into a pre-trained simulation model to obtain optimized parameters for surge protection devices, calculating the input-output impedance ratio of each stage of the SPD using an impedance matching algorithm is a crucial step. Due to the steep pulse leading edge and short duration of high-energy electromagnetic pulses, the impedance matching requirements during energy transmission are extremely high. Impedance mismatch between different stages of the SPD or between the SPD and the equipment can lead to energy reflection, reducing energy dissipation efficiency and potentially causing overvoltage and overcurrent due to the superposition of reflected energy, exacerbating interference and even damaging the equipment. The impedance matching algorithm addresses this problem by accurately calculating the input-output impedance ratio based on the pulse characteristic data output from the pre-trained simulation model, combined with the inherent impedance characteristics of each stage of the SPD and the port impedance parameters of the equipment. This algorithm analyzes the pulse transmission patterns in different levels of protection structures, considering the impact of parasitic parameters such as lead inductance on the actual impedance. Parasitic inductance can cause the equivalent impedance to deviate from the theoretical value, increasing the matching difficulty. The algorithm dynamically adjusts the impedance ratio calculation model to ensure that the input impedance of each stage of the SPD matches the output impedance of the preceding stage, and the output impedance matches the input impedance of the following stage or the equipment impedance. Meanwhile, for data ports connected to high-frequency signal lines, the algorithm also considers the insertion loss requirements of the protection module when calculating the impedance ratio, avoiding the introduction of excessive loss to achieve impedance matching and thus preventing disruption to normal signal transmission. In this way, energy can be efficiently transferred between different levels of the SPD, reducing the accumulation of reflected energy, preventing current and voltage overshoot, and providing reliable impedance characteristic parameters to support the optimization of SPD response time and energy dissipation capability, ensuring the protection system performs optimally under HEMP.

[0073] In some embodiments, the step of executing inter-stage coordination strategies for different types of surge protection devices based on a preset control strategy further includes:

[0074] Set the response time of the switch-type surge protection device to the minimum value to ensure rapid conduction of the front stage and limit overvoltage of the downstream stage;

[0075] A dynamic response threshold adjustment mechanism is adopted to automatically adjust the clamping voltage of the limiting surge protection device according to the pulse intensity.

[0076] In the process of implementing inter-stage coordination strategies for different types of surge protection devices based on preset control strategies, setting the response time of switching surge protection devices to the minimum value and adjusting the clamping voltage of limiting surge protection devices using a dynamic response threshold adjustment mechanism are key measures to improve the effectiveness of inter-stage coordinated protection. For switching surge protection devices, due to the characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses (HEMPs) with steep pulse leading edges and strong instantaneous energy impact, setting their response time to the minimum value can ensure rapid conduction in the early stage of HEMP action, quickly diverting most of the strong pulse energy, thereby effectively limiting the overvoltage borne by subsequent protection devices and equipment, and preventing energy from entering the subsequent stage without effective discharge due to the response delay of the preceding stage, thus laying the foundation for subsequent protection links.

[0077] The dynamic response threshold adjustment mechanism for surge protection devices is based on the real-world scenario where HEMP pulse intensity may fluctuate. Different intensities of HEMP pulses cause varying degrees of interference to equipment, and a fixed clamping voltage may be unsuitable for all scenarios. If the clamping voltage is too high, it may not effectively limit overvoltage damage to the equipment; if it is too low, it may affect normal signal transmission or cause frequent device operation. The dynamic response threshold adjustment mechanism automatically adjusts the clamping voltage of the surge protection device based on the real-time monitored pulse intensity: when the pulse intensity is high, the clamping voltage is appropriately reduced to enhance overvoltage limiting capability; when the pulse intensity is low, the clamping voltage is reasonably increased to reduce the impact on normal signals. This dynamic adjustment method enables surge protection devices to more accurately perform voltage limiting functions in inter-stage coordination, complementing upstream switching devices and reducing inter-stage interference when combined with decoupling components such as inductors or resistors, thus jointly constructing a highly efficient protection system adapted to HEMP characteristics.

[0078] Corresponding to the aforementioned optimization method for surge protection devices, this invention also proposes an optimization device for surge protection devices. Since the device embodiments of this invention correspond to the aforementioned method embodiments, details not disclosed in the device embodiments can be referred to the aforementioned method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0079] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optimized device for surge protection provided in an embodiment of this disclosure, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, it includes:

[0080] Unit 21 is established to create a simulation model of the electromagnetic effect characteristics of the device based on the pulse duration and pulse leading edge characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses.

[0081] Acquisition unit 22 is used to acquire the pulse duration and pulse leading edge characteristics of real-time high-energy electromagnetic pulses;

[0082] The calculation unit 23 is used to input the pulse duration and the pulse leading edge characteristics into the pre-trained simulation model to obtain optimized parameters for the response time, impedance characteristics and energy discharge capability of the surge protection device; wherein, the pre-trained simulation model is trained based on the historical pulse duration and historical pulse leading edge characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses;

[0083] The optimization unit 24 is used to optimize the surge protection device according to the optimization parameters of the surge protection device's response time, impedance characteristics, and energy discharge capability.

[0084] Furthermore, in one possible implementation of the embodiments of this disclosure, such as Figure 3 As shown, the device further includes:

[0085] The execution unit 25 is configured to, after the optimization unit 24 optimizes the surge protection device according to the optimization parameters of the surge protection device's response time, impedance characteristics, and energy discharge capability, execute an inter-stage coordination strategy for different types of surge protection devices based on a preset control strategy; wherein the surge protection device includes at least one of switching type, limiting type, and dual limiting type.

[0086] Furthermore, in one possible implementation of the embodiments of this disclosure, such as Figure 3 As shown, the device further includes:

[0087] Establishment unit 21 is also used to model the propagation path of high-energy electromagnetic pulses inside the device using the finite-difference time-domain method or the transmission line matrix method before the calculation unit 23 inputs the pulse duration and the pulse leading-edge characteristics into the pre-trained simulation model;

[0088] Training unit 26 is used to simulate the coupling effect of the spectral characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses on the device by setting pulse excitation sources with different frequency components, so as to obtain the pre-trained simulation model.

[0089] Furthermore, in one possible implementation of this disclosure, the computing unit 23 is further configured to:

[0090] The input-output impedance ratio of each stage of surge protection device is calculated by using an impedance matching algorithm, so that energy can be transferred efficiently between stages and reflection can be avoided.

[0091] Furthermore, in one possible implementation of this disclosure embodiment, the execution unit 25 is further configured to:

[0092] Set the response time of the switch-type surge protection device to the minimum value to ensure rapid conduction of the front stage and limit overvoltage of the downstream stage;

[0093] A dynamic response threshold adjustment mechanism is adopted to automatically adjust the clamping voltage of the limiting surge protection device according to the pulse intensity.

[0094] It should be noted that the foregoing explanation of the method embodiments also applies to the apparatus of the embodiments of this disclosure, and the principle is the same. Therefore, the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0095] According to embodiments of this disclosure, this disclosure also provides an electronic device, a readable storage medium, and a computer program product.

[0096] Figure 4 A schematic block diagram of an example electronic device 300 that can be used to implement embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device may also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present disclosure described and / or claimed herein.

[0097] like Figure 4 As shown, device 300 includes a computing unit 301, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on a computer program stored in ROM (Read-Only Memory) 302 or a computer program loaded from storage unit 308 into RAM (Random Access Memory) 303. RAM 303 can also store various programs and data required for the operation of device 300. The computing unit 301, ROM 302, and RAM 303 are interconnected via bus 304. I / O (Input / Output) interface 305 is also connected to bus 304.

[0098] Multiple components in device 300 are connected to I / O interface 305, including: input unit 306, such as keyboard, mouse, etc.; output unit 307, such as various types of monitors, speakers, etc.; storage unit 308, such as disk, optical disk, etc.; and communication unit 309, such as network card, modem, wireless transceiver, etc. Communication unit 309 allows device 300 to exchange information / data with other devices through computer networks such as the Internet and / or various telecommunications networks.

[0099] The computing unit 301 can be various general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit 301 include, but are not limited to, CPUs (Central Processing Units), GPUs (Graphics Processing Units), various special-purpose AI (Artificial Intelligence) computing chips, various computing units running machine learning model algorithms, DSPs (Digital Signal Processors), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The computing unit 301 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as the optimization method for surge protection devices. For example, in some embodiments, the optimization method for surge protection devices may be implemented as a computer software program tangibly contained in a machine-readable medium, such as storage unit 308. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and / or installed on device 300 via ROM 302 and / or communication unit 309. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 303 and executed by the computing unit 301, one or more steps of the methods described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the computing unit 301 may be configured to perform the aforementioned surge protection device optimization method by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0100] Various implementations of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits), ASSPs (Application-Specific Standard Products), SOCs (System-on-Chips), CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Devices), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various implementations may include implementations in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a dedicated or general-purpose programmable processor, capable of receiving data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmitting data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0101] The program code used to implement the methods of this disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. This program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that when executed by the processor or controller, the program code causes the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, as a standalone software package partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0102] In the context of this disclosure, a machine-readable medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A machine-readable medium can be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable medium can be, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, RAM, ROM, EPROM (Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory) or flash memory, optical fiber, CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0103] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on a computer having: a display device for displaying information to the user (e.g., a CRT (Cathode-Ray Tube) or LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) monitor); and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user provides input to the computer. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including sound input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0104] The systems and technologies described herein can be implemented in computing systems that include backend components (e.g., as data servers), or middleware components (e.g., application servers), or frontend components (e.g., user computers with graphical user interfaces or web browsers through which users can interact with implementations of the systems and technologies described herein), or any combination of such backend, middleware, or frontend components. The components of the system can be interconnected via digital data communication (e.g., communication networks) of any form or medium. Examples of communication networks include LANs (Local Area Networks), WANs (Wide Area Networks), the Internet, and blockchain networks.

[0105] Computer systems can include clients and servers. Clients and servers are generally geographically separated and typically interact via communication networks. The client-server relationship is created by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. A server can be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or cloud host, a hosting product within the cloud computing service ecosystem, addressing the shortcomings of traditional physical hosts and VPS (Virtual Private Server, or simply "VPS") services, such as high management difficulty and weak business scalability. Servers can also be servers for distributed systems or servers incorporating blockchain technology.

[0106] It's important to note that artificial intelligence (AI) is the study of enabling computers to simulate certain human thought processes and intelligent behaviors (such as learning, reasoning, thinking, and planning). It encompasses both hardware and software technologies. AI hardware technologies generally include sensors, dedicated AI chips, cloud computing, distributed storage, and big data processing. AI software technologies primarily include computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, machine learning / deep learning, big data processing, and knowledge graph technologies.

[0107] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to rearrange, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution disclosed in this disclosure can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0108] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. An optimization method for surge protection devices, characterized in that, include: Based on the pulse duration and pulse leading edge characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses, a simulation model of the electromagnetic effect characteristics of the device is established. To obtain the pulse duration and pulse leading-edge characteristics of real-time high-energy electromagnetic pulses; The pulse duration and pulse leading-edge characteristics are input into the pre-trained simulation model to obtain optimized parameters for the response time, impedance characteristics, and energy discharge capability of the surge protection device; wherein, the pre-trained simulation model is trained based on the historical pulse duration and historical pulse leading-edge characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses; The surge protection device is optimized based on the optimized parameters of its response time, impedance characteristics, and energy dissipation capability.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After optimizing the surge protection device based on optimization parameters for its response time, impedance characteristics, and energy dissipation capability, the method further includes: Based on a preset control strategy, an inter-stage coordination strategy is executed for different types of surge protection devices; wherein, the surge protection devices include at least one of switching type, limiting type and dual limiting type.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before inputting the pulse duration and the pulse leading-edge characteristics into the pre-trained simulation model, the method further includes: The propagation path of high-energy electromagnetic pulses inside the equipment is modeled using the finite-difference time-domain method or the transmission line matrix method. By setting pulse excitation sources with different frequency components, the coupling effect of the spectral characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses on the device is simulated, and the pre-trained simulation model is obtained.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of inputting the pulse duration and pulse leading-edge characteristics into a pre-trained simulation model to obtain optimized parameters for the response time, impedance characteristics, and energy dissipation capability of the surge protection device includes: The input-output impedance ratio of each stage of surge protection device is calculated by using an impedance matching algorithm, so that energy can be efficiently transferred between stages and reflection can be avoided.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method of implementing inter-stage coordination strategies for different types of surge protection devices based on a preset control strategy also includes: Set the response time of the switch-type surge protection device to the minimum value to ensure rapid conduction of the front stage and limit overvoltage of the downstream stage; A dynamic response threshold adjustment mechanism is adopted to automatically adjust the clamping voltage of the limiting surge protection device according to the pulse intensity.

6. An optimized device for surge protection, characterized in that, include: Establish a unit to build a simulation model of the electromagnetic effect characteristics of the device based on the pulse duration and pulse leading edge characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses; The acquisition unit is used to acquire the pulse duration and pulse leading-edge characteristics of real-time high-energy electromagnetic pulses. The calculation unit is used to input the pulse duration and the pulse leading edge characteristics into the pre-trained simulation model to obtain optimized parameters for the response time, impedance characteristics and energy discharge capability of the surge protection device; wherein, the pre-trained simulation model is trained based on the historical pulse duration and historical pulse leading edge characteristics of high-energy electromagnetic pulses; An optimization unit is used to optimize the surge protection device based on optimization parameters for the surge protection device's response time, impedance characteristics, and energy dissipation capability.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The device further includes: An execution unit is configured to, after the optimization unit optimizes the surge protection device according to the optimization parameters of the surge protection device's response time, impedance characteristics, and energy dissipation capability, execute an inter-stage coordination strategy for different types of surge protection devices based on a preset control strategy; wherein the surge protection device includes at least one of switching type, limiting type, and dual limiting type.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; as well as A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1-5.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, characterized in that, The computer instructions are used to cause the computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-5.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method according to any one of claims 1-5.

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