MCU layer suitable for switch and low-failure-rate switch

Abstract

The invention discloses an MCU layer suitable for a switch and a low-failure-rate switch, the MCU layer suitable for the switch is used for monitoring whether data transmission abnormity exists between any two data transmission ends of the switch, the MCU layer comprises an MCU and a third register, the MCU is electrically connected with the N data transmission ends of the switch through the MCU layer, and the third register is electrically connected with the N data transmission ends of the switch through the MCU layer. The third register is configured to store currently transmitted data; and when the MCU monitors that the data transmission between the two data transmission ends is abnormal, the MCU determines that the data currently stored in the third register is target retransmission data, and broadcasts the target retransmission data to other data transmission ends. According to the invention, the fault rate of data transmission can be reduced while the data transmission efficiency is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of computer, in particular to an MCU layer suitable for switch and a low failure rate switch. BACKGROUND

[0002] In modern computer systems, a switch is a crucial device that connects multiple computers or other network devices to achieve high-speed data transmission. Throughout the evolution of switch technology, improving the reliability and stability of switches has always been a key issue. Currently, the industry generally uses redundant path technology and port isolation technology to deal with internal circuit failure problems.

[0003] Redundant path technology aims to add a backup path between two ports. When the main path fails, it can be switched to the backup path in time to ensure the continuity of data transmission. However, with the development of technology, especially the surge in demand for the number of switch ports in emerging fields such as artificial intelligence, the drawbacks of redundant path technology have gradually become apparent. The increase in the number of ports has led to an exponential increase in the complexity of line design, which in turn has led to a significant increase in chip manufacturing costs. This is undoubtedly a heavy burden for large-scale deployment of switches.

[0004] Port isolation technology directly isolates the faulty port to prevent the spread of faults, but this technology has obvious limitations and is not suitable as the primary mechanism for error prevention. Once the port is isolated, it may cause the server to disconnect, severely damaging the quality and performance of the server, and failing to meet the urgent needs of users for continuous and stable services.

[0005] In summary, the two existing error prevention technologies, whether it is redundant path technology or port isolation technology, have limitations that cannot be ignored and are difficult to fundamentally and effectively solve the series of problems caused by internal circuit failure of the chip.

[0006] The disclosure of the above background art content is only used to assist in understanding the inventive concept and technical solutions of the present application, and it does not necessarily belong to the prior art of the present application, nor does it necessarily provide technical teaching. In the absence of explicit evidence that the above content was disclosed before the filing date of the present application, the above background art should not be used to evaluate the novelty and inventiveness of the present application. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to provide an MCU layer suitable for switch and a low failure rate switch, which can reduce the failure rate of data transmission and improve the reliability of data transmission.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solutions adopted by the present application are as follows:

[0009] The application discloses an MCU layer suitable for a switch and used for monitoring whether data transmission is abnormal between any two data transmission ends of the switch, wherein the MCU layer comprises an MCU and a third register; the MCU is electrically connected with N data transmission ends of the switch through the MCU layer; and the third register is configured to store current data in transmission.

[0010] When the MCU monitors that data transmission between two data transmission ends is abnormal, the MCU determines that the data currently stored in the third register is target retransmission data, and broadcasts the target retransmission data to other data transmission ends.

[0011] Further, any one of the above technical solutions or the combination of the above technical solutions further comprises N second ports, the N second ports are electrically connected with each other, and the N second ports are electrically connected with the N data transmission ends in one-to-one correspondence.

[0012] When the MCU monitors that data transmission between two data transmission ends is abnormal, the MCU controls the data transmission end with data transmission abnormality to complete the current data transmission through the MCU layer.

[0013] Further, any one of the above technical solutions or the combination of the above technical solutions, when the MCU monitors that data transmission between two data transmission ends is abnormal, the MCU layer is further configured to control the data transmission end with data transmission abnormality to be electrically connected through a standby layer of the switch for next data transmission.

[0014] Further, any one of the above technical solutions or the combination of the above technical solutions, the data transmission end is configured with a first register, the first register is configured to store a necessary layer address or a standby layer address, when the first register stores the necessary layer address, the data transmission end is electrically connected through a necessary layer of the switch for data transmission.

[0015] When the MCU monitors that data transmission between two data transmission ends is abnormal, the MCU changes the necessary layer address stored in the first register into the standby layer address, so that the two data transmission ends with data transmission abnormality are switched to be electrically connected through the standby layer for data transmission.

[0016] According to another aspect of the application, a low-failure-rate switch is provided, comprising a necessary layer, a standby layer, an MCU and a plurality of data transmission ends, the necessary layer and the standby layer are independent of each other.

[0017] Any two of the data transmission ends are electrically connected through the necessary layer for data transmission.

[0018] The MCU is electrically connected with a plurality of data transmission terminals respectively, and the MCU monitors whether data transmission between any two data transmission terminals is normal.

[0019] When the MCU monitors that data transmission between two data transmission terminals is abnormal, the MCU controls the two data transmission terminals with abnormal data transmission to be electrically connected with each other through the backup layer to perform data transmission.

[0020] Further, any one of the above technical solutions or a combination of the above technical solutions, the switch comprises N data transmission terminals, each data transmission terminal comprises a receiving end and a sending end, the receiving end is configured to receive data transmitted from the outside to the switch, and the sending end is configured to receive the data transmitted by the receiving end of another data transmission terminal;

[0021] The essential layer comprises N layers of first circuits, each layer of the first circuit comprises a receiving end of one data transmission terminal, sending ends of other data transmission terminals, and a first MCU connection end, and the receiving end of one data transmission terminal is electrically connected with the sending ends of other data transmission terminals and the first MCU connection end respectively;

[0022] The first MCU connection end is electrically connected with the MCU.

[0023] Further, any one of the above technical solutions or a combination of the above technical solutions, the backup layer comprises one or more layers of second circuits, each layer of the second circuit comprises a second MCU connection end and N first ports which are electrically connected with each other, the second MCU connection end is electrically connected with the MCU;

[0024] When the MCU monitors that data transmission between two data transmission terminals is abnormal, the first circuit in which the data transmission terminal with abnormal data transmission is located is determined as an abnormal circuit, and the N data transmission terminals on the abnormal first circuit are electrically connected with the N first ports on one layer of the second circuit one by one.

[0025] Further, any one of the above technical solutions or a combination of the above technical solutions, the second circuit is multi-layered, and the N first ports on the same layer of the second circuit, one of the first ports is configured as a receiving end, and the other first ports are configured as sending ends, and the receiving end is configured to transmit data to one of a plurality of sending ends.

[0026] The receiving end and the sending end on different layers of the second circuit do not perform data transmission between the receiving end and the sending end.

[0027] The receiving end and the sending end on each layer of the second circuit perform data transmission independently.

[0028] Further, any of the technical solutions or the combination of multiple technical solutions, each of the data transmission ends is configured with a port address, the receiving end of a data transmission end on the first circuit simultaneously sends data transmission requests to the sending ends of other data transmission ends, the data transmission request includes a target address, the target address is one of the port addresses;

[0029] The sending ends of other data transmission ends receive the data transmission request and match the target address with the corresponding port address, and the sending end that matches returns an acknowledgement signal to the receiving end;

[0030] The receiving end sends data to the sending end that returns the acknowledgement signal in response to receiving the acknowledgement signal.

[0031] Further, any of the technical solutions or the combination of multiple technical solutions, further comprising an MCU layer, the MCU layer is independent of the mandatory layer and the standby layer, the MCU is arranged in the MCU layer, and the MCU is electrically connected with the data transmission ends through the MCU layer;

[0032] The data transmission end sends data to the MCU and one of other data transmission ends through the mandatory layer and / or the MCU layer;

[0033] The MCU sends data to part or all of the data transmission ends through the MCU layer.

[0034] Further, any of the technical solutions or the combination of multiple technical solutions, the switch comprises N data transmission ends, the MCU layer is also provided with N second ports, the N second ports are electrically connected with each other, and the N second ports are electrically connected with the N data transmission ends one by one;

[0035] When the MCU monitors data transmission abnormity between two data transmission ends, the data transmission end with data transmission abnormity completes this data transmission through the MCU layer, and the data transmission end with data transmission abnormity is electrically connected through the standby layer for next data transmission.

[0036] Further, any of the technical solutions or the combination of multiple technical solutions, the data transmission end is provided with a timer, the timer is electrically connected with the MCU, and the timer is configured to monitor the time length of sending / receiving data of the data transmission end;

[0037] If the time monitored by the timer exceeds the preset first time, a corresponding electrical signal is sent to the MCU;

[0038] The MCU determines that there is an abnormal data transmission between two data transmission terminals in response to receiving the electrical signal.

[0039] Further, any one of the technical solutions or a combination of the technical solutions described above, the data transmission terminal is configured with a first register, and the first register is configured to store a mandatory layer address or a backup layer address;

[0040] When the first register stores the mandatory layer address, the data transmission terminals are electrically connected to each other through the mandatory layer for data transmission;

[0041] When the MCU monitors an abnormal data transmission between two data transmission terminals, the MCU changes the mandatory layer address stored in the first register to the backup layer address, so that the two data transmission terminals with abnormal data transmission are switched to be electrically connected to each other through the backup layer for data transmission.

[0042] Further, any one of the technical solutions or a combination of the technical solutions described above, the data transmission terminal is configured with a second register, and the second register is configured to store received / pending data.

[0043] Further, any one of the technical solutions or a combination of the technical solutions described above, the data transmission terminal synchronously transmits data to the MCU when transmitting data to other data transmission terminals, and the MCU is configured with a third register, and the third register is configured to store current target data for transmission.

[0044] When the MCU monitors an abnormal data transmission between two data transmission terminals, the MCU determines the data stored in the third register as target retransmission data, and broadcasts the target retransmission data to other data transmission terminals.

[0045] According to another aspect of the present application, a data transmission method based on the low-failure-rate switch according to any one of the technical solutions or a combination of the technical solutions described above is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0046] The data transmission terminals are configured to be electrically connected to each other through the mandatory layer for data transmission;

[0047] The MCU is used to monitor the data transmission between the data transmission terminals in real time;

[0048] When the MCU monitors data transmission abnormality between two data transmission ends, the MCU controls the two data transmission ends of data transmission abnormality to switch to be electrically connected to each other through the standby layer for data transmission.

[0049] Further, any of the technical solutions or the combination of the technical solutions, the data transmission method further comprises the following steps:

[0050] The different two data transmission ends are electrically connected to each other through the different two necessary layers for data transmission.

[0051] The MCU is arranged in the MCU layer, the MCU layer is independent of the necessary layer and the standby layer, and the MCU is electrically connected to the plurality of data transmission ends through the MCU layer.

[0052] When the MCU monitors data transmission abnormality between two data transmission ends, the necessary layer in which the data transmission end of data transmission abnormality is located is determined as a fault necessary layer, and each data transmission end on the fault necessary layer is switched to be electrically connected through the standby layer.

[0053] According to another aspect of the present application, a data transmission system is provided, comprising the low-failure-rate switch as claimed in any of the technical solutions or the combination of the technical solutions.

[0054] The technical solutions provided by the present application have the following beneficial effects:

[0055] a. The switch provided by the present application can share one layer or a few layers of standby layers by the plurality of data transmission ends. When the MCU monitors data transmission abnormality in the necessary layer in which the two data transmission ends are located, the circuit connection between the plurality of data transmission ends on the layer is switched to be connected through the standby layer, so that the data transmission failure problem is solved. The scheme can avoid the problem of server disconnection caused by direct isolation of the port, and avoid the defects of large increase in line design complexity and chip manufacturing cost caused by the redundant path technology. On the premise of reducing the data transmission failure rate, the scheme also has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and the like.

[0056] b. The switch provided by the present application is provided with a plurality of independent first circuits on the necessary layer, which can meet the requirement of simultaneous data transmission between different data transmission ends. A plurality of second circuits are also provided on the standby layer, and the receiving end and the sending end on each layer of the second circuits are independently connected for data transmission. In this way, when data transmission abnormality occurs in the plurality of first circuits on the necessary layer, the data transmission ends on the plurality of abnormal first circuits are switched to the corresponding plurality of second circuits at the same time, so that the problem of data transmission abnormality in the switch is efficiently solved while reducing the data delay, and the reliability of data transmission is ensured.

[0057] c.The application can reduce the delay of data retransmission by setting MCU layer, synchronously transmitting the data that needs to be retransmitted by the MCU layer when the first circuit of the layer is monitored to have data transmission exception, and switching the data transmission end of the layer to be connected by the second circuit in the standby layer, without retransmitting the data after the data transmission end is switched to be connected by the standby layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0058] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0059] Figure 1 The internal circuit structure schematic diagram of the switch provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0060] Figure 2 The principle schematic diagram of the timer timing the data transmission situation of the data transmission end provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0061] Figure 3 The principle schematic diagram of the timer sending data timeout retransmission to the MCU provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0062] Figure 4 The principle schematic diagram of the MCU broadcasting retransmission data to other data transmission ends provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0063] Figure 5 The principle schematic diagram of the data transmission end with data transmission exception transmitting data through the standby layer provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] In order to make the technical personnel in the art better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor should belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0065] It is to be understood that the terminology "first", "second" and the like used in the specification and the claims of the application as well as the foregoing drawings is merely intended to distinguish between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a special sequential order. It is to be understood that the data so used can be interchanged, under appropriate circumstances, to achieve the embodiments of the application described herein without departing from the scope of the application. Furthermore, the terms "comprising", "including", "containing", and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises, includes, contains elements or steps not expressly listed is not excluded from the scope of the application. Additionally, the terms "coupled" and "connected", along with derivatives thereof, are intended to encompass a direct connection between items, an indirect connection between items, or an electrical connection between items.

[0066] In one embodiment of the application, a low failure rate switch is provided, as shown in the accompanying drawings, which comprises a mandatory layer, a standby layer, an MCU and a plurality of data transmission terminals, the mandatory layer and the standby layer are independent of each other; Figures 1 to 5

[0067] Any two of the data transmission terminals are electrically connected to each other through the mandatory layer for data transmission;

[0068] The MCU is electrically connected to a plurality of the data transmission terminals respectively, and the MCU monitors whether the data transmission between any two of the data transmission terminals is normal;

[0069] When the MCU monitors that the data transmission between two data transmission terminals is abnormal, the MCU controls the two data transmission terminals with abnormal data transmission to be switched to be electrically connected to each other through the standby layer for data transmission.

[0070] According to the existing error prevention mechanism of the data transmission of the switch, either a port isolation technology is used to prevent the spread of failure by directly isolating the faulty port, but this technology may cause the server to be disconnected, which has obvious limitations and is not suitable as the primary mechanism for error prevention; or a standby path is set between each two electrically connected data transmission terminals, and when data transmission is abnormal, the standby path is enabled to solve the problem of data transmission abnormality. Assuming that there are n data transmission terminals, at least n-1 standby paths are required. Obviously, the increase in the number of data transmission terminals makes the complexity of the line design rise exponentially, and the cost also rises sharply.

[0071] ​​The low-failure-rate switch proposed in this application differs from existing port isolation and redundant circuit backup designs. This application establishes a mandatory layer for normal data transmission between multiple data transmission endpoints. Furthermore, it sets up a general backup layer independent of the mandatory layer. When the MCU detects a data transmission endpoint with abnormal data transmission, it switches the endpoint to transmit data through the backup layer. For example, based on the original design concept of redundant backup paths between ports, for an 8-port switch, at least [a certain number of] backup paths would be required. Instead of a single backup path, the proposed technical solution allows all eight ports to share a single backup layer. If a data transmission anomaly is detected in the required layer containing any two data transmission endpoints, the circuit connection of that layer is switched to the backup layer. Of course, to improve the reliability of the switch, multiple backup layers are preferred to accommodate situations where multiple data transmission endpoints experience simultaneous data transmission anomalies; for example, using two, three, or four backup layers. Figure 1 The second circuit of layer M shown in the diagram, where M is a natural number not less than 1, preferably 2≤M≤N, and N is the number of data transmission ports in the switch, typically does not require many backup layers because the probability of multiple data transmission ports experiencing simultaneous data transmission anomalies is very small. Therefore, the low-failure-rate switch proposed in this application can avoid the problem of server disconnection caused by directly isolating ports, and also avoids the disadvantages of redundant path technology, such as increased line design complexity and chip manufacturing costs. While achieving a reduced failure rate, it also has the advantages of simple structure and low cost.

[0072] In one embodiment of the present invention, the switch includes N (N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2) data transmission terminals, each of the data transmission terminals including a receiving terminal and a sending terminal. The receiving terminal is configured to receive data transmitted to the switch from the outside and to send data to the sending terminals of other data transmission terminals. The sending terminal is configured to receive the data sent by the receiving terminals of other data transmission terminals and to transmit data to external devices connected to the switch.

[0073] The required layer comprises N layers of first circuits. Each layer of first circuits includes a receiving end of one of the data transmission terminals, a transmitting end of the other data transmission terminals, and a first MCU connection terminal. The receiving end of one of the data transmission terminals is electrically connected to the transmitting ends of the other data transmission terminals and the first MCU connection terminal, respectively. The first MCU connection terminal is electrically connected to the MCU.

[0074] Each of the data transmission terminals is configured with a port address, the receiving end of one data transmission terminal on the first circuit simultaneously sends a data transmission request to the sending ends of other data transmission terminals, the data transmission request includes a target address, the target address is one of the plurality of port addresses.

[0075] The sending ends of other data transmission terminals receive the data transmission request and match the target address with their corresponding port addresses, the sending ends that match return an acknowledgement signal to the receiving end. The receiving end sends data to the sending ends that return the acknowledgement signal in response to receiving the acknowledgement signal. The implementation of data transmission of the plurality of data transmission terminals through the N-layer first circuit can refer to the technical solution proposed in the Chinese patent application No. 2024114493648 entitled "Switch for Reducing Data Exchange Delay, Data Transmission Method and System", which will not be described here.

[0076] In the embodiment, the standby layer includes a plurality of second circuits, each of the second circuits includes N first ports and a second MCU connection end that are electrically connected to each other, the second MCU connection end is electrically connected to the MCU, when the data transmission between the N data transmission terminals of the necessary layer is normal, each of the second circuits is in a standby state, that is, the N first ports of each of the second circuits are not connected to the N data transmission terminals one by one.

[0077] When the MCU detects that the data transmission between two data transmission terminals is abnormal, it determines that the first circuit in which the data transmission terminal with abnormal data transmission is located as an abnormal circuit, and controls the N data transmission terminals on the abnormal circuit to be electrically connected to the N first ports on one of the second circuits one by one. Optionally, the second MCU connection end is switched from a state of not being electrically connected to the MCU to a state of being electrically connected to the MCU. Preferably, the second MCU connection end is always electrically connected to the MCU.

[0078] In the embodiment, the data transmission is performed between the receiving end and the sending end on the same layer of the second circuit, and the data transmission is not performed between the receiving end and the sending end on different layers of the second circuit; the data transmission is independently performed between the receiving end and the sending end on each layer of the second circuit. In this way, when data transmission abnormalities occur on multiple layers of the first circuit on the necessary layer at the same time, the corresponding multiple layers of the second circuit can be switched to at the same time, thereby solving the problem of data transmission abnormality in the switch.

[0079] In the embodiment, the switch further comprises an MCU layer which is independent of the essential layer and the standby layer, the MCU is arranged in the MCU layer, and the MCU is electrically connected with a plurality of the data transmission terminals through the MCU layer; the data transmission terminal sends data to the MCU and one of the other data transmission terminals through the essential layer; the MCU sends data to part or all of the plurality of the data transmission terminals through the MCU layer.

[0080] Specifically, the switch comprises N data transmission terminals, the MCU layer is also provided with N second ports, the N second ports are electrically connected with each other, and the N second ports are electrically connected with the N data transmission terminals one by one. When the MCU monitors data transmission abnormality between two data transmission terminals, the MCU controls the data transmission terminal with data transmission abnormality to complete the current data transmission through the MCU layer, and the data transmission terminal with data transmission abnormality is electrically connected through the standby layer for next data transmission.

[0081] In one embodiment of the application, whether there is data transmission abnormality is determined in the following manner. As shown in the figure, the data transmission terminal is provided with a timer which is electrically connected with the MCU, and the timer is configured to monitor the time length of data sent / received by the data transmission terminal. If the time length monitored by the timer exceeds a preset first time length, the MCU determines that there is data transmission abnormality between two data transmission terminals. Figures 3 to 5

[0082] Specifically, the timer is arranged in each data transmission terminal, the timer is connected with the MCU through a separate line or a serial communication line, and preferably, the timer is electrically connected with the MCU through a separate line. The timer of each data transmission terminal is used to monitor the time / time length of data received by the terminal, and an overtime signal is transmitted to the MCU. The line can be a separate circuit line or a serial communication line. The timer can be a hardware timer or a software timer, and the time accuracy can be set to nanosecond level.

[0083] ​The timer of the data transmission end changes the level of the line connected with the MCU to inform the MCU that there is an abnormal data transmission condition. For example, a 5V power supply is originally connected, but is blocked by a logic gate. When the timer times out, the logic gate is opened, and the output signal changes from 1V to 5V, thereby informing the MCU that the data transmission end data is timeout retransmission data. When the data transmission end receives data timeout, the timer changes the line connected with the MCU from low frequency 1V to high frequency 5V, thereby informing the MCU that the data sent by the data transmission end at this time is timeout retransmission data and the data needs to be retransmitted. The timeout retransmission technology in the prior art is usually that the sender of the data transmission end monitors whether the data sent by itself is timeout. The MCU in the present application is a third party that controls the electrical connection mode of multiple data transmission ends in the switch, and it cannot determine which data being sent by the current ports are normal data or retransmission data. The technical solution based on the present application can solve the problem.

[0084] Preferably, the data transmission end is configured with a first register and a second register. The second register is configured to store received / pending data. The first register stores a mandatory layer address or a backup layer address. When the first register stores the mandatory layer address, the data transmission ends are electrically connected with each other through the mandatory layer for data transmission. When the MCU detects an abnormal data transmission between two data transmission ends, the MCU changes the mandatory layer address stored in the first register to the backup layer address, so that the two data transmission ends with abnormal data transmission are switched to be electrically connected with each other through the backup layer for data transmission.

[0085] The data transmission end synchronously transmits data to the MCU when transmitting data to other data transmission ends. The MCU is configured with a third register configured to store the currently transmitted data.

[0086] When the MCU detects an abnormal data transmission between two data transmission ends, the MCU determines that the data currently stored in the third register is target retransmission data, and broadcasts the target retransmission data to other data transmission ends.

[0087] In this embodiment, the MCU synchronously receives data sent by each data transmission terminal on each layer of the first circuit and stores it in a storage device for tracking the cause of problems. In case of an emergency, it needs to save the data currently being sent by the malfunctioning data transmission terminal; therefore, the data needs to be written into the MCU buffer, i.e., the third register. Each data transmission terminal has a corresponding first register indicating which layer of the first circuit requires broadcast transmission. After saving the retransmitted data, the MCU changes the register indicating the layer number, causing that data transmission terminal to use a backup layer for subsequent transmissions. The MCU writes the modified data transmission layer information, i.e., the backup layer address, into the first register corresponding to the malfunctioning data transmission terminal.

[0088] In one specific embodiment, the switch is as follows: Figure 1 The diagram shows four data transmission terminals. Figure 1 As shown in the diagram, ports one through four are each equipped with four independent first circuits. On each first circuit, the receiving end of one of ports one through four is electrically connected to the transmitting end of a first MCU connection port and other data transmission ports. The data transmission ports corresponding to the receiving ends on different first circuits are different. The first MCU connection port is electrically connected to the MCU, thereby enabling simultaneous data transmission to the MCU when one of ports one through four is transmitting data to other ports.

[0089] The backup layer comprises three independent second circuits. Each second circuit has a first port one to a first port four and a second MCU connection terminal, which is electrically connected to the MCU. When all the first circuits on the required layer are working normally, i.e., when there is no data transmission abnormality, the second circuits on each layer are not working.

[0090] When a data transmission anomaly occurs in the first circuit on the required layer, ports one through four of the faulty first circuit are switched to their corresponding electrical connections. Specifically, port one is connected to port one, port two to port two, port three to port three, and port four to port four. This allows any faulty first circuit layer to be switched to a second circuit on a backup layer. An efficient and low-cost switching method is also possible: as described in the above embodiments, the required layer address stored in the first register corresponding to each data transmission terminal is modified to the corresponding backup layer address. Alternatively, circuit switching can be achieved through a switching transistor.

[0091] The MCU layer comprises the MCU and second port one to second port four, the MCU and second port one to second port four are electrically connected respectively, the second port one is electrically connected with the port one, the second port two is electrically connected with the port two, the second port three is electrically connected with the port three, and the second port four is electrically connected with the port four.

[0092] Table 1 Parameters of each data transmission end of the first circuit of a layer

[0093] Data transfer end name / ID First register code Mandatory layer address Standby layer address Port one (receiving end) A11 B11 C11 Port two (transmitting end) A12 B12 C12 Port three (transmitting end) A13 B13 C13 Port four (transmitting end) A14 B14 C14

[0094] In the embodiment, the first circuit of a layer is taken as an example, and the parameters of each data transmission end thereof are shown in Table 1. When the first circuit of the layer is normal, the first registers corresponding to the port one to the port four are A11 to A14 respectively, and the addresses stored in the first registers A11 to A14 are the corresponding necessary layer addresses B11 to B14. When the MCU determines that the data transmission on the first circuit of the layer is abnormal, the MCU modifies the addresses stored in the first registers A11 to A14 to the corresponding backup layer addresses C11 to C14 correspondingly.

[0095] As shown in Figure 2 , when the port one sends data to other ports and the MCU, the timer corresponding to the port one starts timing from the time when the port one starts sending data. If the port two returns an acknowledgement signal to the port one after matching the port address, the port one sends data to the port two in response to the acknowledgement signal. The addresses stored in the first registers A11 to A14 corresponding to the port one to the port four are the corresponding necessary layer addresses B11 to B14.

[0096] As shown in Figure 3 , if the timer times out and the port one does not receive the corresponding acknowledgement signal, it is determined that the current data transmission is abnormal. Since the port one synchronously transmits data to the MCU through the first MCU connection end, the MCU can determine which layer of the first circuit is abnormal according to the current data, and modify the necessary layer addresses stored in each first register of the layer to the corresponding backup layer addresses.

[0097] As shown in Figure 4 , when the MCU determines that the data transmission is abnormal, it modifies the addresses of the first registers and broadcasts the data that needs to be retransmitted to each data transmission end through the MCU layer. As shown in Figure 5 , each data transmission end receives the data broadcast by the MCU and matches the port address thereof, and the port two returns an acknowledgement signal when the matching is consistent. At this time, the data that needs to be retransmitted is sent to the port two through the MCU layer or the backup layer after switching.

[0098] In one embodiment of the present application, a data transmission method based on the low failure rate switch according to any one of the above embodiments is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0099] The data transmission ends are electrically connected to each other through the necessary layers for data transmission.

[0100] The MCU is used to monitor the data transmission between the data transmission ends in real time.

[0101] When the MCU detects abnormal data transmission between two data transmission ends, the MCU controls the two data transmission ends to switch to be electrically connected to each other through the backup layer for data transmission.

[0102] Preferably, the data transmission method further comprises the following steps:

[0103] Two different data transmission ends are electrically connected to each other through two different necessary layers for data transmission, and each necessary layer is configured with a unique necessary layer address.

[0104] The MCU is arranged in the MCU layer, which is independent of the necessary layer and the backup layer, and the MCU is electrically connected to the data transmission ends through the MCU layer.

[0105] When the MCU detects abnormal data transmission between two data transmission ends, the MCU locates the failure necessary layer through the necessary layer address corresponding to the current data to be transmitted, and switches the data transmission ends on the failure necessary layer to be electrically connected through the backup layer.

[0106] In one embodiment of the present application, a data transmission system is provided, comprising the low failure rate switch according to any one of the above embodiments.

[0107] It should be noted that the data transmission method and the data transmission system according to the embodiments of the present application have the same inventive concept as the above low failure rate switch, and the contents of the low failure rate switch are incorporated into the data transmission method and the data transmission system by introduction.

[0108] It is to be noted that, as used in this document, the term "indicia" is intended to encompass any type of data, information, or other content, whether in the form of text, graphics, images, video, audio, or otherwise. It is to be further noted that, as used in this document, the terms "coupled" and "connected," along with derivatives thereof, can be used to mean one or more of the following: in electrical communication with; physically touching; in working communication with; and / or information can be shared between any two components. In addition, the term "coupled" or "connected" describes one or more direct connections between components and / or one or more indirect connections between components through one or more other components and / or interfaces. As used herein, the term "exemplary" is used to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any implementation described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations. The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," and the like can be used in various implementations. The term "consisting of" can be used to refer to a situation where there are no additions to a given implementation. The term "consisting essentially of" can be used to refer to a situation where an addition can be present, but it does not substantially change the characteristics of a given implementation. In some implementations, as used herein, the term "or" as used in a list of items prefaced by "at least one of" can mean many be selected from the list. For example, "A, B, or C, at least one of A and B" can mean "A" can be selected from the group comprising A, B, and C; "B" can be selected from the group comprising A, B, and C; "C" can be selected from the group comprising A, B, and C; "A and B" can be selected from the group comprising A, B, and C; or "none of the above," i.e., neither A, B, nor C can be selected. In addition, use of the "term "another" can be used in a similar way to "at least one of." Also, the term "another" as used herein, unless otherwise stated, can mean at least a second or that a plurality of elements can exist.

[0109] The foregoing is merely illustrative of the principles of this application and various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art, without

Claims

1. An MCU layer suitable for switches, characterized in that, The application discloses a method for monitoring whether data transmission is abnormal between any two data transmission terminals of a switch, wherein an MCU layer comprises an MCU and a third register; the MCU is electrically connected with N data transmission terminals of the switch through the MCU layer; and the third register is configured to store data currently being transmitted. When the MCU monitors that data transmission between two data transmission terminals is abnormal, the MCU determines that the data currently stored in the third register is target retransmission data, and broadcasts the target retransmission data to other data transmission terminals.

2. The MCU layer suitable for use in a switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switch further comprises N second ports, the N second ports are electrically connected with each other, and the N second ports are electrically connected with the N data transmission terminals one by one. When the MCU monitors that data transmission between two data transmission terminals is abnormal, the MCU controls the data transmission terminals with abnormal data transmission to complete the current data transmission through the MCU layer.

3. The MCU layer suitable for a switch according to claim 2, wherein, When the MCU monitors that data transmission between two data transmission terminals is abnormal, the MCU layer is further configured to control the data transmission terminals with abnormal data transmission to be electrically connected through a standby layer of the switch for next data transmission.

4. The MCU layer suitable for a switch according to claim 1, wherein, The data transmission terminal is provided with a first register, the first register is configured to store a necessary layer address or a standby layer address, when the first register stores the necessary layer address, the data transmission terminals are electrically connected with each other through a necessary layer of the switch for data transmission. When the MCU monitors that data transmission between two data transmission terminals is abnormal, the MCU changes the necessary layer address stored in the first register into the standby layer address, so that the two data transmission terminals with abnormal data transmission are switched to be electrically connected with each other through the standby layer for data transmission.

5. A low failure rate switch, characterized by, The switch comprises a necessary layer, a standby layer, an MCU and a plurality of data transmission terminals, the necessary layer and the standby layer are independent of each other. Any two data transmission terminals are electrically connected with each other through the necessary layer for data transmission; the MCU is electrically connected with the plurality of data transmission terminals respectively, and the MCU monitors whether data transmission between any two data transmission terminals is normal. When the MCU monitors that data transmission between two data transmission terminals is abnormal, the MCU controls the two data transmission terminals with abnormal data transmission to be switched to be electrically connected with each other through the standby layer for data transmission.

6. The low failure rate switch of claim 1, wherein, The switch comprises N data transmission terminals, each data transmission terminal comprises a receiving terminal and a sending terminal, the receiving terminal is configured to receive data transmitted from the outside to the switch, and the sending terminal is configured to receive the data sent by the receiving terminal of another data transmission terminal. The necessary layer comprises N layers of first circuits, each layer of the first circuit comprises a receiving terminal of one data transmission terminal, sending terminals of other data transmission terminals and a first MCU connecting terminal, and the receiving terminal of one data transmission terminal is electrically connected with the sending terminals of other data transmission terminals and the first MCU connecting terminal respectively. The first MCU connecting terminal is electrically connected with the MCU.

7. The low fault rate switch of claim 6, wherein, The backup layer comprises one or more layers of second circuits, each layer of the second circuits comprising a second MCU connecting end and N first ports which are electrically connected to each other, and the second MCU connecting end is electrically connected to the MCU; When the MCU monitors data transmission abnormity between two data transmission ends, the first circuit in which the data transmission end of data transmission abnormity is located is determined as an abnormal circuit, and the N data transmission ends on the abnormal first circuit are controlled to be electrically connected to the N first ports on a layer of the second circuits one by one.

8. The low fault rate switch of claim 7, wherein, The second circuit is multi-layered, and one of the N first ports on the same layer of the second circuits is configured as a receiving end, and the other first ports are configured as sending ends, and the receiving end is configured to transmit data to one of the sending ends; The receiving end and the sending end on different layers of the second circuits do not perform data transmission between them; The receiving end and the sending end on each layer of the second circuits perform data transmission independently.

9. The low fault rate switch of claim 8, wherein, Each data transmission end is configured with a port address, and the receiving end of one data transmission end on the first circuit simultaneously sends data transmission requests to the sending ends of other data transmission ends, and the data transmission request comprises a target address which is one of the port addresses; The sending ends of other data transmission ends receive the data transmission request and match the target address with the corresponding port address, and the sending end with a matched target address returns an acknowledgement signal to the receiving end; The receiving end sends data to the sending end which returns the acknowledgement signal in response to receiving the acknowledgement signal.

10. The low failure rate switch of claim 1, wherein, The MCU layer is independent of the necessary layer and the backup layer, the MCU is arranged on the MCU layer, and the MCU is electrically connected to the data transmission ends through the MCU layer; The data transmission end sends data to the MCU and one of the other data transmission ends through the necessary layer and / or the MCU layer; The MCU sends data to part or all of the data transmission ends through the MCU layer.

11. The low fault rate switch of claim 10, wherein, The switch comprises N data transmission ends, and the MCU layer is also provided with N second ports which are electrically connected to each other and are one-to-one electrically connected to the N data transmission ends; When the MCU monitors data transmission abnormity between two data transmission ends, the MCU controls the data transmission end of data transmission abnormity to complete the current data transmission through the MCU layer, and the data transmission end of data transmission abnormity is electrically connected through the backup layer to perform the next data transmission.

12. The low fault rate switch of claim 1, wherein, The data transmission end is provided with a timer which is electrically connected to the MCU, and the timer is configured to monitor the time length of sending / receiving data by the data transmission end; If the time length monitored by the timer exceeds a preset first time length, a corresponding electrical signal is sent to the MCU; The MCU determines that there is an abnormal data transmission between two data transmission terminals in response to receiving the electrical signal.

13. The low failure rate switch of claim 1, wherein, The data transmission terminals synchronously transmit data to the MCU when transmitting data to other data transmission terminals, and the MCU is configured with a third register configured to store current target transmission data; When the MCU monitors an abnormal data transmission between two data transmission terminals, the MCU determines that the data stored in the third register is target retransmission data, and broadcasts the target retransmission data to other data transmission terminals; And / or, The data transmission terminals are configured with a first register configured to store a mandatory layer address or a backup layer address; when the first register stores the mandatory layer address, the data transmission terminals are electrically connected to each other through the mandatory layer for data transmission; when the MCU monitors an abnormal data transmission between two data transmission terminals, the MCU changes the mandatory layer address stored in the first register to the backup layer address, so that the two data transmission terminals with abnormal data transmission are switched to be electrically connected to each other through the backup layer for data transmission.

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