Method for intelligently controlling deep hole blasting to quickly form cutting courtyard

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for intelligently controlling deep hole blasting to quickly form a cutting courtyard, and relates to the technical field of cutting courtyard blasting forming. Carrying out blast hole charging operation, inserting a detonating tube into a cartridge, binding and fixing the detonating tube, sleeving the cartridge with a sleeve piece, and axially putting the sleeve piece into a blast hole; the blast hole is filled with stemming so that a stemming section can be formed at the upper end of the sleeve piece; each blast hole is filled with three groups of cartridges and detonating tubes; and performing millisecond blasting on the cutting courtyard to form the cutting courtyard. According to the method provided by the invention, the annular wing plate of the sleeve part is utilized to improve the distance uniformity of the annular gap of the first cavity, and the problem that the annular gap is not uniform due to the fact that stemming or rock powder is adopted to fill and fix the sleeve part in a traditional mode is avoided, so that the radial blasting uniformity after cartridge blasting is improved; and the flatness of the wall of the cutting raise formed by blasting is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of cutting roof blasting forming, in particular to a method for intelligently controlling deep hole blasting to rapidly form a cutting roof. BACKGROUND

[0002] It is known that the cutting roof is the core structure of the sublevel caving mining method without a supporting column, which is mainly used for forming a cutting groove to realize ore recovery and is suitable for the mining of gently inclined stratified ore deposits. With the improvement of the mechanization level of mining and the improvement of the safety production consciousness of enterprises, the cutting roof construction has developed from the initial manual back excavation to the current large hole or medium deep hole blasting to form a well in one time. The blasting to form a well in one time is to drill several groups of parallel deep holes along the height of the cutting roof at the position of the designed cutting roof. The deep holes are arranged under the condition of reasonable technical parameters. Then, the blasting is performed to complete the well excavation process that meets the design requirements. The self-bottom-to-top layering intelligent blasting can be realized through the time sequence difference control of the hole drawing blasting circle and the hole expanding blasting circle.

[0003] For example, the invention patent with the application publication number CN107560508A and the application publication date of January 9, 2018 and the name of A blasting method for cutting roof one-time well forming uses a down-the-hole drill to drill medium deep holes. The medium deep hole arrangement adopts a central slotting manner, that is, a central hole is arranged at the center of the cutting roof. Four slotting eyes are uniformly arranged around the central hole. Two rows of blast holes are arranged outside one of the slotting eyes, and three rows of blast holes are arranged outside the other slotting eye. One of the three rows of blast holes is an inclined hole, and the five rows of blast holes are arranged in parallel. After the drilling is completed, the charging operation is performed. The explosive is in the form of rock powder. The central hole is not charged. Three layers of explosives are charged in each slotting eye and blast hole, that is, the first layer of explosive is first charged at the bottom of the slotting eye and blast hole. The upper end of the first layer of explosive is filled with rock powder. Then, the second layer of explosive is charged at the upper end of the rock powder. The upper end of the second layer of explosive is again filled with rock powder. Then, the third layer of explosive is charged at the upper end of the rock powder. Finally, the mouth of each slotting eye and blast hole is filled and sealed with rock powder.

[0004] The prior art has the problem that, in actual mining operations, if the cut-and-fill wall of the required shape has a good flatness requirement, then the cartridge filling needs to be performed in the blast hole in a decoupled manner, and the existing decoupled charging commonly uses a nylon sleeve with an outer diameter smaller than the diameter of the blast hole to be sleeved on the outside of the cartridge, and the nylon sleeve is placed in the blast hole, and the top and the top side of the nylon sleeve are filled with rock powder or stemming by manual operation, thereby fixing the nylon sleeve in the blast hole, and forming an annular gap on the outside of the nylon sleeve. When the stemming or rock powder is used to fill and fix the nylon sleeve, due to the error of manual filling and fixing and the softness of the stemming or rock powder as the filling material, the annular gap on the outside of the nylon sleeve after installation is uneven, thereby causing uneven blasting damage in the radial direction after the cartridge is detonated, and affecting the flatness of the finally shaped wall. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide an intelligent control deep hole blasting method for quickly forming a cut-and-fill wall, so as to solve the above problems in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: an intelligent control deep hole blasting method for quickly forming a cut-and-fill wall, comprising a cartridge and a detonator, and further comprising a sleeve member, wherein the sleeve member is linearly arrayed with annular wing plates in an inclined cross section, and the low end of the annular wing plate is fixedly connected to the sleeve member, and specifically comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, using a drill to perform medium-deep hole rock drilling, arranging a center blast hole in the center of the cut-and-fill wall, and arranging two concentrically arranged first blast holes on the outside of the center blast hole, wherein the number of the inner circle first blast hole is four, and the number of the outer circle first blast hole is five, and arranging a circular array of holes on the outside of the center blast hole, wherein the holes are arranged in the circumferential direction and spaced apart from the outer circle first blast hole, and arranging twelve second blast holes on the outside of the first blast hole and the hole in the circumferential direction of the cut-and-fill wall.

[0008] S2, performing blast hole charging operation in the center blast hole, the first blast hole and the second blast hole in the step S1, inserting the detonator into the cartridge and binding and fixing it, sleeving the sleeve member on the outside of the cartridge, and axially placing the sleeve member into the blast hole to make the high end of the annular wing plate abut against the inner wall of the blast hole, and separating the sleeve member and the inner wall of the blast hole through the abutment of the annular wing plate to form a plurality of annular first cavities;

[0009] S3, pulling the sleeve member in the step S2 to the outside of the blast hole by a predetermined distance, and deforming the annular wing plate to increase the included angle with the inner wall of the blast hole, and extruding the end of the annular wing plate to the inner wall of the blast hole, and then filling the stemming into the blast hole to form a stemming section on the upper end of the sleeve member;

[0010] S4, repeating the steps S2 and S3 to load three groups of cartridges and detonating tubes in each blast hole;

[0011] S5, performing millisecond blasting on the cutting raise to form the cutting raise.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution: the first end of the sleeve member is fixedly provided with a guide sliding part in the shape of a circular truncated cone, the narrow opening end of the guide sliding part faces the bottom of the blast hole, the annular wing plate at the lower part of the sleeve member is deformed to increase the included angle with the inner wall of the blast hole, and the end of the annular wing plate is extruded on the inner wall of the blast hole to abut against the guide sliding part.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution: a pulling groove in the shape of a ring is formed on the second end of the sleeve member.

[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution: the first side wall at the bottom of the pulling groove is aligned with the low end of the annular wing plate at the upper part of the sleeve member, and the loading level of the cartridge in the sleeve member is lower than the level of the first side wall at the bottom of the pulling groove, and the stemming section extends into the pulling groove to form a third cavity in the pulling groove.

[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution: a flexible elastic plate is further included, which, in the default state, drives the annular wing plate at the lower part of the sleeve member to be deformed to increase the cross-sectional inclination of the annular wing plate.

[0016] As a further description of the above technical solution: a limiting part is fixedly arranged on the annular wing plate at the lower part of the sleeve member, the flexible elastic plate is in the shape of an annular arc, and the arc-shaped first end of the flexible elastic plate is fixedly connected to the limiting part, the second end of the flexible elastic plate is inserted into a matching part fixedly arranged on the sleeve member, the arc-shaped second end of the flexible elastic plate is deformed to be separated from the matching part and abuts against the inner wall of the blast hole to form a second cavity in the shape of a ring.

[0017] As a further description of the above technical solution: the second cavity is located at one end of the first cavity close to the detonating tube.

[0018] As a further description of the above technical solution: a pressure equalizing hole is formed on the sleeve member to communicate the first cavity and the third cavity.

[0019] As a further description of the above technical solution: the first end of the pressure equalizing hole communicates with the high position in the pulling groove, and the second end of the pressure equalizing hole communicates with one side of the low end of the annular wing plate to be shielded by the flexible elastic plate in the default state.

[0020] As a further description of the above technical solution: the sleeve member is pulled out of the blast hole by a predetermined distance of 2-4 cm.

[0021] In the technical scheme, the method for intelligently controlling the rapid formation of a cutting shaft by deep hole blasting provided by the application uses the annular wing plate of the sleeve member to improve the uniformity of the annular gap distance of the first cavity. The annular gap non-uniformity problem caused by the use of stemming or rock powder as the filling material to fix the position of the sleeve member in the traditional way is avoided, thereby improving the radial blasting uniformity after the detonation of the cartridge and improving the flatness of the cutting shaft wall formed by blasting. In addition, the annular wing plate can be deformed to tightly expand and fix the sleeve member in the blast hole, further improving the uniformity of the distance of the first cavity formed by the sleeve member in the blast hole, and also reducing the accidental movement of the sleeve member in the blast hole to reduce the blasting error. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art based on these drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 The distribution structure schematic diagram of the first blast hole, the cavity and the second blast hole provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 The structure schematic diagram of the cartridge, the detonation detonator and the sleeve member loaded into the blast hole provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 The structure schematic diagram of the cartridge, the detonation detonator and the sleeve member loaded into the blast hole provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 The structure schematic diagram of the cartridge, the detonation detonator and the sleeve member loaded into the blast hole provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 The explosion structure schematic diagram of the cartridge, the detonation detonator and the sleeve member loaded into the blast hole provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 6 The structure schematic diagram of the cartridge, the detonation detonator and the sleeve member loaded into the blast hole provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 7 The structure schematic diagram of the cartridge, the detonation detonator and the sleeve member loaded into the blast hole provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 The structure enlarged schematic diagram of A in the above figure;

[0030] Figure 8 The structure enlarged schematic diagram of B in the above figure; Figure 2 The structure enlarged schematic diagram of B in the above figure;

[0031] Figure 9 The structure enlarged schematic diagram of B in the above figure;Figure 3 An enlarged schematic view of the structure at C;

[0032] Figure 10 The structure at D is provided Figure 3 An enlarged schematic view of the structure at D.

[0033] Legend:

[0034] 11, first blast hole; 12, empty hole; 13, second blast hole; 14, center blast hole; 2, sleeve member; 21, annular wing plate; 211, limiting part; 212, limiting protrusion; 22, guide sliding part; 23, pulling groove; 24, fitting part; 25, pressure equalizing hole; 3, cartridge; 4, detonator; 5, stemming section; 6, flexible elastic plate; 61, limiting groove; 71, first cavity; 72, second cavity; 73, third cavity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order for those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0036] Please refer to Figures 1-10 The present application provides a technical solution: including cartridge 3 and detonator 4, further comprising sleeve member 2, sleeve member 2 is linearly arrayed with annular wing plate 21 with inclined cross section, the low end of annular wing plate 21 is fixedly connected with sleeve member 2, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0037] S1, using a drill to drill a medium-deep hole, arranging a center blast hole 14 at the center of the cut well, and arranging two concentrically arranged first blast holes 11 on the outside of the center blast hole 14, the number of the inner circle first blast hole 11 is four, and the number of the outer circle first blast hole 11 is five, and the empty hole 12 is arranged in a circular array on the outside of the center blast hole 14, the empty hole 12 and the outer circle first blast hole 11 are arranged in a circular direction, and the cut well is arranged with twelve second blast holes 13 on the side in a rectangular shape, and the second blast hole 13 is located on the outside of the first blast hole 11 and the empty hole 12;

[0038] S2, performing blast hole charging operation in the center blast hole 14, the first blast hole 11 and the second blast hole 13 in S1, inserting the detonator 4 into the cartridge 3 and binding and fixing, sleeving the sleeve member 2 outside the cartridge 3, and axially placing the sleeve member 2 into the blast hole to make the high end of the annular wing plate 21 abut against the inner wall of the blast hole, and the sleeve member 2 and the inner wall of the blast hole are separated by the annular wing plate 21 to form a plurality of annular first cavities 71;

[0039] S3. Pull the sleeve 2 from step S2 outwards a predetermined distance, and deform the annular wing plate 21 to increase the angle with the inner wall of the borehole, and press the end of the annular wing plate 21 against the inner wall of the borehole. Then fill the borehole with mud to form a mud section 5 at the upper end of the sleeve 2.

[0040] S4. Repeat steps S2 and S3 to load three sets of explosive cartridges 3 and detonating tubes 4 into each borehole.

[0041] S5. Perform micro-delay blasting on the cut-out well to form the cut-out well.

[0042] Preferred, such as Figure 1 As shown, a central blast hole 14 is formed in the middle of the cut well by drilling medium-deep holes. Two concentric rings of first blast holes 11 are formed around the central blast hole 14. The inner ring has four first blast holes 11, and the outer ring has five. Holes 12 are also arranged in a circular array, spaced circumferentially from the outer ring of first blast holes 11. Second blast holes 13 are located outside the first blast holes 11 and the hollow holes 12 around the cut well. It is important to note that explosives are required to fill the central blast hole 14, the first blast holes 11, and the second blast holes 13 to function as blast holes. During the blast hole loading process, no explosives are filled into the hollow holes 12.

[0043] During the loading of the explosive, first insert the detonating tube 4 into the explosive cartridge 3 and secure it. The sleeve fitting 2 is then fitted over the outside of the explosive cartridge 3, ensuring that the lead wire of the detonating tube 4 protrudes from the outside of the sleeve fitting 2. The lead wire of the detonating tube 4 can be further protected with insulating tape or flexible tubing to prevent short circuits or abrasion. Then... Figure 2 As shown, the end of the sleeve 2 closest to the detonator 4 is the first end. The lower end of the annular wing plate 21 is integrally formed and connected to the sleeve 2. When the first end of the sleeve 2 is placed into the borehole with the bottom facing it, the outer side of the upper end of the annular wing plate 21 abuts against the inner wall of the borehole, thus forming a first cavity 71 between the outer side of the sleeve 2 and the inner wall of the borehole. The presence of the annular wing plate 21 improves the uniformity of the annular gap distance of the first cavity 71. This avoids the problem of uneven annular gap caused by the traditional method of using stemming clay or rock powder as filling material to fix the position of the sleeve 2, thereby improving the radial blasting uniformity after the detonation of the explosive charge 3 and improving the flatness of the cut well wall of the blasting formation.

[0044] When the sleeve member 2 is put into the blast hole, the sleeve member 2 is pulled to the outside of the blast hole by a predetermined distance, at this time, the annular wing plate 21 of the sleeve member 2 is abutted and stuck on the inner wall of the blast hole, that is, the sleeve member 2 is moved upward so that the low end of the annular wing plate 21 is deformed at the connection of the sleeve member 2, until the annular wing plate 21 is deformed to be vertically abutted on the inner wall of the blast hole, and then the annular wing plate 21 is used to expand and fix the sleeve member 2 in the blast hole, further improving the spacing uniformity of the first cavity 71 formed by the sleeve member 2 in the blast hole, and also reducing the accidental movement of the sleeve member 2 in the blast hole to reduce the blasting error.

[0045] During the charging process, multiple groups of detonating tubes 4, cartridges 3 and sleeve members 2 need to be repeatedly filled in a single blast hole, and each group of detonating tubes 4, cartridges 3 and sleeve members 2 is filled by masonry to form a masonry section 5 to form a partition, the length of the masonry section is greater than or equal to 1 m, and the opening end of the blast hole is reserved for one-third of the space of the blast hole depth for masonry plugging.

[0046] Subsequently, the initiation operation is performed, first, the multiple groups of detonating tubes 4, cartridges 3 and sleeve members 2 in the center blast hole 14 are subjected to millisecond section millisecond blasting, and the delay is less than or equal to 50 ms, then the first blast hole 11 and the second blast hole 13 are subjected to half-second section millisecond blasting, and then the cutting bench is obtained by one-time blasting.

[0047] Among them, the cartridges 3 and the detonating tubes 4 and the fixing mode therebetween are common technical knowledge of those skilled in the art, and will not be described here.

[0048] In the above technical solution, the annular wing plate 21 of the sleeve member 2 is used to improve the uniformity of the annular gap distance of the first cavity 71. The problem of non-uniform annular gap caused by using masonry or rock powder as filling material to fix the position of the sleeve member 2 in the traditional way is avoided, thereby improving the radial blasting uniformity after the cartridge 3 is initiated, and improving the flatness of the cutting bench wall of the blasting forming. Secondly, the annular wing plate 21 can be deformed to expand and fix the sleeve member 2 in the blast hole, further improving the spacing uniformity of the first cavity 71 formed by the sleeve member 2 in the blast hole, and also reducing the accidental movement of the sleeve member 2 in the blast hole to reduce the blasting error.

[0049] In still another embodiment of the present application, the first end of the sleeve member 2 is fixedly provided with a guide sliding part 22 in the shape of a circular truncated cone on the outer surface, the narrow end of the guide sliding part 22 faces the bottom of the blast hole, the annular wing plate 21 at the lower part of the sleeve member 2 is deformed to increase the included angle with the inner wall of the blast hole, and the end of the annular wing plate 21 is extruded on the inner wall of the blast hole to abut on the guide sliding part 22.

[0050] Preferably, the guide sliding part 22 is integrally formed with the sleeve member 2, for example, Figure 2As shown, the end of the sleeve member 2 towards the bottom of the blast hole is the first end, and the first end of the sleeve member 2 is provided with a guide sliding part 22. When the first end of the sleeve member 2 is placed into the blast hole towards the bottom of the blast hole, the high end outside of the annular wing plate 21 is in contact with the inner wall of the blast hole and moves into the blast hole, and the narrow end of the outer surface of the guide sliding part 22 moves close to the bottom of the blast hole. Then, the guide sliding part 22 is used to guide the movement of the sleeve member 2 into the blast hole, so as to avoid the movement of the sleeve member 2 being blocked by the stones or debris in the blast hole, and facilitate the actual arrangement of the sleeve member 2.

[0051] When the sleeve member 2 is placed into the blast hole, the sleeve member 2 is pulled out of the blast hole by a predetermined distance, as shown. Figure 9 As shown, the sleeve member 2 is moved upwards so that the low end of the annular wing plate 21 is deformed with the connection of the sleeve member 2, until the annular wing plate 21 is deformed to be vertically in contact with the inner wall of the blast hole, and the annular wing plate 21 close to the first end of the sleeve member 2 is deformed and in contact with the guide sliding part 22. When the annular wing plate 21 is deformed and vertically in contact with the inner wall of the blast hole, the annular wing plate 21 is in contact with the guide sliding part 22, so that the guide sliding part 22 is used to limit the maximum deformation degree of the annular wing plate 21, so as to avoid the problem that the annular wing plate 21 is excessively deformed and broken away from the sleeve member 2, further improve the fixing stability of the annular wing plate 21 to the sleeve member 2, further improve the spacing uniformity of the first cavity 71 formed by the sleeve member 2 in the blast hole, and also reduce the accidental movement of the sleeve member 2 in the blast hole and reduce the blasting error.

[0052] In another embodiment of the present application, a ring-shaped pulling groove 23 is formed on the second end of the sleeve member 2.

[0053] Preferably, as shown, Figure 2 As shown, the end of the sleeve member 2 towards the opening of the blast hole is the second end, and the pulling groove 23 is formed on the second end of the sleeve member 2, and the pulling groove 23 is ring-shaped. When the sleeve member 2 is placed into the blast hole, the pulling groove 23 is used to facilitate the hoisting and moving of the sleeve member 2, and the pulling groove 23 is also used to pull the sleeve member 2 out of the blast hole by a predetermined distance, further facilitating the installation and fixing of the sleeve member 2 in the blast hole.

[0054] Secondly, the masonry segment 5 is used to separate the plurality of sleeve members 2 in the blast hole. When the masonry is filled into the blast hole, part of the masonry will fall into the pulling groove 23 to improve the filling stability of the masonry segment 5.

[0055] In another embodiment of the present application, the first side wall of the bottom of the pulling groove 23 is aligned with the low end of the annular wing plate 21 on the upper part of the sleeve member 2, and the filling level of the cartridge 3 in the sleeve member 2 is lower than the level of the first side wall of the bottom of the pulling groove 23. The masonry segment 5 extends into the pulling groove 23 to form a third cavity 73 in the pulling groove 23.

[0056] Preferably, as Figure 10 As shown in the figure, the sleeve member 2 is sleeved outside the cartridge 3 to fix the cartridge 3 in the blast hole in a decoupling manner, and the high position end height of the cartridge 3 in the sleeve member 2 is referred to as the charging level height of the cartridge 3, and the annular side surface close to the low position of the annular wing plate 21 is the first side wall of the draw groove 23, so that the draw groove 23 is located outside the axial direction of the cartridge 3. The first side wall of the draw groove 23 is aligned with the low position end of the annular wing plate 21 close to the second end of the sleeve member 2.

[0057] The stone or debris will inevitably remain on the inner wall of the blast hole, and when the traditional multi-section explosive charging is adopted in a single blast hole by using stemming and nylon sleeve, the placement of the nylon sleeve will easily cause the stone or debris to fall into the annular gap between the nylon sleeve and the inner wall of the blast hole, so that the stone or debris occupies the air layer space and forms irregular gaps, which will easily cause the problems of detonation wave reflection scattering, detonation wave interruption and self-inhibition of the cartridge 3.

[0058] When the first end of the sleeve member 2 is placed into the blast hole towards the bottom of the blast hole, the stone or debris at the opening of the blast hole will easily fall onto the upper surface of the annular wing plate 21 close to the second end of the sleeve member 2 due to the placement of the sleeve member 2, and the stone or debris will easily roll along the upper surface of the annular wing plate 21 to the low position end of the annular wing plate 21 to enter the draw groove 23. Then, the second end side of the sleeve member 2 is filled with stemming, at this time, the stemming section 5 extends to the draw groove 23 and buries the first side wall of the draw groove 23, at this time, the stone or debris received in the draw groove 23 is mixed and buried with the stemming, so that the problem of the stone or debris occupying the air layer space on the radial side of the cartridge 3 to form irregular gaps can be avoided, and the blasting stability of the cartridge 3 in the blast hole is improved.

[0059] In a well-forming blasting operation, if the instantaneous pressure peak value generated during blasting is too large, the radius of the crushing zone will be easily expanded, the rock mass will be excessively crushed into powder, the energy utilization rate during blasting will be reduced, the explosion energy will be excessively consumed in the crushing zone rather than in the effective crack expansion, and in addition, the problems of flying stone projection, shock wave hazards and vibration exceeding the standard will be caused, which will cause the concrete components to be broken and the adjacent structures to be cracked and damaged.

[0060] Part of the space in the draw groove 23 is still reserved to form a third cavity 73, at this time, the first cavity 71 is located on the radial outside of the cartridge 3 to absorb the initial detonation energy and reduce the instantaneous pressure peak value of the shock wave on the hole wall, and the third cavity 73 is located on the axial outside of the cartridge 3 to prolong the stress wave action time, so that the energy release is more gentle and the rock mass is less crushed. Under the superimposed action of the double-cavity structure of the first cavity 71 and the third cavity 73, the blasting peak pressure is further weakened, the energy release curve is more gentle, and the blasting forming flatness of the cutting well wall is further improved.

[0061] In another embodiment of the present application, a flexible elastic plate 6 is arranged to deform the annular wing plate 21 at the lower part of the casing member 2 to increase the cross-sectional slope of the annular wing plate 21 in the default state.

[0062] Preferably, the flexible elastic plate 6 deforms by its own elasticity to deform the annular wing plate 21 at the lower part of the casing member 2 to increase the cross-sectional slope of the annular wing plate 21 in the default state, so that the casing member 2 can be more smoothly placed into the blast hole, facilitating the actual installation of the casing member 2. When the casing member 2 is pulled to move a predetermined distance outside the blast hole, the annular wing plate 21 deforms to vertically abut against the inner wall of the blast hole, and the flexible elastic plate 6 deforms along with the annular wing plate 21. At this time, the flexible elastic plate 6 still exerts a deformation pressure on the annular wing plate 21 to increase the slope of the annular wing plate 21. At this time, the flexible elastic plate 6 is used to increase the pressure of the annular wing plate 21 against the inner wall of the blast hole, thereby further improving the stability of the annular wing plate 21 in fixing the casing member 2 to the blast hole.

[0063] Preferably, the flexible elastic plate 6 is a plurality of bent plates arranged in a circumferential array on the casing member 2, so that the flexible elastic plate 6 deforms by its own elasticity to contract or expand to pull or push the annular wing plate 21, thereby deforming the annular wing plate 21 to increase the cross-sectional slope of the annular wing plate 21.

[0064] In another embodiment of the present application, a limiting portion 211 is fixedly arranged on the annular wing plate 21 at the lower part of the casing member 2, and the flexible elastic plate 6 is annularly arc-shaped, with the arc-shaped first end fixedly connected to the limiting portion 211, the second end of the flexible elastic plate 6 inserted into the fitting portion 24 fixedly arranged on the casing member 2, and the arc-shaped second end of the flexible elastic plate 6 deformed to be separated from the fitting portion 24 and abut against the inner wall of the blast hole to form a ring-shaped second cavity 72.

[0065] Preferably, as shown in Figure 6 Preferably, as shown in

[0066] When the first end of the sleeve 2 is placed into the borehole with the bottom facing it, the outer side of the high end of the annular wing plate 21 moves into the borehole against the inner wall of the borehole. Meanwhile, the flexible spring plate 6 is in the default state. Driven by its own elasticity, the two ends of the flexible spring plate 6 contract and come together to pull the annular wing plate 21 to deform and increase the inclination of the cross section of the annular wing plate 21, so that the sleeve 2 can be installed into the borehole.

[0067] When the sleeve 2 is pulled a predetermined distance outward from the borehole, such as Figure 9 As shown, the sleeve 2 moves upward so that the lower end of the annular wing plate 21 deforms at the connection with the sleeve 2, until the annular wing plate 21 deforms to the point that it vertically abuts against the inner wall of the borehole. At the same time, the annular wing plate 21 near the first end of the sleeve 2 deforms and abuts against the guide slide 22. At this time, the annular wing plate 21 also drives the flexible spring plate 6 to move as a whole, thereby moving the second end of the flexible spring plate 6 away from the fitting part 24. Subsequently, the flexible spring plate 6 is driven by its own elasticity to shrink and close its two ends, so that the second end of the flexible spring plate 6 deforms and fits against the inner wall of the borehole. At this time, the flexible spring plate 6, the annular wing plate 21 and the inner wall of the borehole together form a second annular cavity 7. 2. The flexible plate 6 can seal the second cavity 72 to separate the first cavity 71 and the second cavity 72. At this time, water can be injected into the first cavity 71 to form a water medium layer in the first cavity 71. The water medium layer in the first cavity 71 is used to intermittently load the explosive to achieve the dust reduction effect in the blasting process. Secondly, water, as an incompressible medium, can transmit the energy of the explosion shock wave to the rock mass of the borehole wall with extremely low loss (attenuation rate <5%). The water medium layer is used to transmit the shock wave generated by the explosion. After the high-pressure water seeps in along the micro-cracks, a tensile stress concentration area is formed at the tip of the crack, which induces the crack extension, forces the crack width to expand, and accelerates the penetration and crushing of the rock mass.

[0068] Secondly, because the flexible elastic plate 6 seals and separates the first cavity 71 and the second cavity 72, the second cavity 72 is not affected by water infiltration and forms an air medium layer. Therefore, two annular chambers, one air medium layer and one water medium layer, are formed simultaneously in the radial direction of the explosive cartridge 3. This further reduces the instantaneous pressure peak of the blasting shock wave on the borehole wall, reduces the range of rock mass compression damage near the borehole wall, improves the integrity of the outline, and improves the flatness of the cut well wall formed by the blasting.

[0069] Secondly, the second cavity 72 also serves as a transition chamber to prevent water from seeping down from the first cavity 71 and contacting the detonating tube 4, thereby improving the waterproof sealing protection of the detonating tube 4.

[0070] In another embodiment of the present invention, the second cavity 72 is located inside the first cavity 71 at one end near the detonation tube 4.

[0071] Preferred, such as Figure 9As shown, the second cavity 72 is located in the first cavity 71, and the second cavity 72 is located at one end of the first cavity 71 close to the detonation tube 4, so that the instantaneous blasting pressure peak value of the cartridge 3 close to the detonation tube 4 is greater than that of the cartridge 3 away from the detonation tube 4, and the second cavity 72 is located at one end of the first cavity 71 close to the detonation tube 4 to further balance the instantaneous blasting pressure peak value of the cartridge 3 at both ends, thereby improving the blasting forming profile uniformity and integrity of the cartridge 3 in the axial direction of the blast hole, and further improving the flatness of the well wall of the cutting raise.

[0072] In another embodiment provided by the present application, the sleeve member 2 is provided with a pressure equalizing hole 25 for communicating the first cavity 71 and the third cavity 73.

[0073] Preferably, as shown in the drawings, Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the two ends of the pressure equalizing hole 25 are respectively communicated to the first cavity 71 and the third cavity 73, so that the pressure equalizing hole 25 can be used to balance the instantaneous pressure peak value between the first cavity 71 and the third cavity 73 during blasting operation, thereby further improving the blasting forming profile uniformity and integrity of the cartridge 3 in the axial direction of the blast hole.

[0074] In actual charging process, the sleeve member 2 is first pulled out of the blast hole by a predetermined distance, the annular wing plate 21 is deformed to fix the sleeve member 2 in the blast hole, and the second end of the flexible elastic plate 6 is deformed to adhere to the inner wall of the blast hole to form the second cavity 72. Then, the first cavity 71 is first subjected to water injection operation, and the water seeps into the first cavity 71 through the gap between the annular wing plate 21 and the inner wall of the blast hole, so the water seepage speed is relatively slow. When the water in the draw groove 23 gradually overflows to the height above the pressure equalizing hole 25, the water in the draw groove 23 flows into the first cavity 71 through the pressure equalizing hole 25, thereby improving the injection speed of the water medium layer in the first cavity 71, facilitating the actual filling operation, and then the second end of the sleeve member 2 is filled with stemming to form the stemming section 5.

[0075] In another embodiment provided by the present application, the first end of the pressure equalizing hole 25 is communicated to the high position in the draw groove 23, and the second end of the pressure equalizing hole 25 is communicated to one side of the low end of the annular wing plate 21 to be blocked by the flexible elastic plate 6 in the default state.

[0076] Preferably, as shown in the drawings, Figure 3 the high end of the pressure equalizing hole 25 is the first end, and the low end is the second end, and as shown in the drawings, Figure 10As shown, the groove 23 at the first end of the equalizing hole 25 is at a high horizontal position, thereby preventing stones or debris from falling into the groove 23 and clogging the equalizing hole 25 during the process of placing the sleeve 2 into the borehole, and ensuring the connectivity and stability of the equalizing hole 25.

[0077] And such Figure 7 The second end of the equalizing hole 25 is connected to the lower end of the annular wing plate 21. Since both ends of the flexible spring plate 6 are in contact with the sleeve 2 and the annular wing plate 21 respectively in the default state, the flexible spring plate 6 covers the equalizing hole 25. The flexible spring plate 6, the annular wing plate 21, and the sleeve 2 together form an annular sealed space, and the second end of the equalizing hole 25 is connected to this sealed space. When the sleeve 2 is pulled a predetermined distance outward from the borehole, the sleeve 2 moves upward, causing deformation at the connection between the lower end of the annular wing plate 21 and the sleeve 2. The annular wing plate 21 also drives the flexible spring plate 6 to move as a whole, causing the flexible spring plate 6 to be stretched and deformed to reduce the volume of the sealed space. Then, the annular wing plate 21 and the flexible spring plate 6 are used to expel the gas from the sealed space along the first end of the equalizing hole 25, further preventing the equalizing hole 25 from being blocked by stones or impurities at the first end of the groove 23.

[0078] In another embodiment of the present invention, the sleeve 2 is pulled outward of the blast hole by a predetermined distance of 2 to 4 cm.

[0079] Working principle:

[0080] S1. Use a drilling rig to perform medium-deep hole drilling. A central blast hole 14 is arranged in the center of the cutting well. Two concentric rings of first blast holes 11 are opened on the outside of the central blast hole 14. There are four first blast holes 11 in the inner ring and five first blast holes 11 in the outer ring. Holes 12 are arranged in a circular array on the outside of the central blast hole 14. Holes 12 and the first blast holes 11 in the outer ring are arranged at intervals along the circumference. Twelve second blast holes 13 are arranged in a rectangle on the periphery of the cutting well. The second blast holes 13 are located outside the first blast holes 11 and the holes 12.

[0081] S2. In step S1, the central borehole 14, the first borehole 11 and the second borehole 13 are loaded with explosives. The detonating tube 4 is inserted into the inside of the explosive cartridge 3 and tied and fixed. The sleeve 2 is sleeved on the outside of the explosive cartridge 3. The sleeve 2 is axially inserted into the borehole so that the high end of the annular wing plate 21 abuts against the inner wall of the borehole. The sleeve 2 and the inner wall of the borehole are separated by the contact of the annular wing plate 21 to form a number of annular first cavities 71.

[0082] S3, pulling the sleeve 2 in the step S2 to the outside of the blast hole by a predetermined distance, and the annular wing plate 21 is deformed to increase the included angle with the inner wall of the blast hole, and the end of the annular wing plate 21 is extruded on the inner wall of the blast hole, and then the stemming is filled into the blast hole to form a stemming section 5 on the upper end of the sleeve 2;

[0083] S4, repeating the steps S2 and S3 to fill the three groups of cartridges 3 and detonating tubes 4 in each blast hole;

[0084] S5, performing millisecond blasting on the cutting bench to form the cutting bench.

[0085] The above only describes certain exemplary embodiments of the present application by way of illustration, and it is needless to say that the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application for those skilled in the art. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for intelligently controlling deep-hole blasting to rapidly form a cutting well, comprising a charge cartridge (3) and a detonating tube (4), characterized in that, It also includes a sleeve (2), on which annular wing plates (21) with inclined cross-sections are arranged in a linear array. The lower end of the annular wing plates (21) is fixedly connected to the sleeve (2), specifically including the following steps: S1. Use a drilling rig to perform medium-deep hole drilling. Arrange a central blast hole (14) in the center of the cutting well. Two concentric first blast holes (11) are opened on the outside of the central blast hole (14). The number of first blast holes (11) in the inner circle is four, and the number of first blast holes (11) in the outer circle is five. Holes (12) are arranged in a circular array on the outside of the central blast hole (14). Holes (12) and first blast holes (11) in the outer circle are arranged at intervals along the circumference. Twelve second blast holes (13) are arranged in a rectangle on the periphery of the cutting well. The second blast holes (13) are located on the outside of the first blast holes (11) and the hollow holes (12). S2. In step S1, the borehole loading operation is carried out in the central borehole (14), the first borehole (11) and the second borehole (13). The detonating tube (4) is inserted into the inside of the explosive cartridge (3) and tied and fixed. The sleeve (2) is sleeved on the outside of the explosive cartridge (3). The sleeve (2) is axially inserted into the borehole so that the high end of the annular wing plate (21) abuts against the inner wall of the borehole. The sleeve (2) and the inner wall of the borehole are separated by the contact of the annular wing plate (21) to form several annular first cavities (71). S3. Pull the sleeve (2) from step S2 outwards a predetermined distance, deform the annular wing plate (21) to increase the angle with the inner wall of the borehole, and press the end of the annular wing plate (21) against the inner wall of the borehole. Then fill the borehole with mud to form a mud section (5) at the upper end of the sleeve (2). S4. Repeat steps S2 and S3 to load three sets of explosive charges (3) and detonators (4) into each borehole. S5. Perform micro-delay blasting on the cut-out well to form the cut-out well.

2. The method for rapidly forming a cutting well using intelligent controlled deep-hole blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first end of the sleeve (2) is fixedly provided with a frustum-shaped guide part (22) on the outer surface. The narrow end of the guide part (22) faces the bottom of the borehole. The annular wing plate (21) at the lower part of the sleeve (2) is deformed to increase the angle with the inner wall of the borehole, and the end of the annular wing plate (21) is pressed against the inner wall of the borehole to abut against the guide part (22).

3. The method for rapidly forming a cutting well using intelligent controlled deep-hole blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second end of the sleeve (2) is provided with an annular groove (23).

4. The method for rapidly forming a cutting well using intelligent controlled deep-hole blasting according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom first sidewall of the groove (23) is aligned with the lower end of the annular wing plate (21) on the upper part of the sleeve (2), and the loading height of the cartridge (3) in the sleeve (2) is lower than the horizontal height of the bottom first sidewall of the groove (23). The mud section (5) extends into the groove (23) to form a third cavity (73) in the groove (23).

5. The method for rapidly forming a cutting well using intelligent controlled deep-hole blasting according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a flexible spring plate (6), which in its default state drives the deformation of the annular wing plate (21) at the bottom of the sleeve (2) to increase the inclination of the cross section of the annular wing plate (21).

6. The method for rapidly forming a cutting well using intelligent controlled deep-hole blasting according to claim 5, characterized in that, A limiting part (211) is fixedly provided on the annular wing plate (21) at the lower part of the sleeve (2). The flexible spring plate (6) is in the shape of an annular arc, and its first arc end is fixedly connected to the limiting part (211). The second end of the flexible spring plate (6) is inserted into the fitting part (24) fixedly provided on the sleeve (2). The second arc end of the flexible spring plate (6) deforms and disengages from the fitting part (24) and abuts against the inner wall of the borehole to form an annular second cavity (72).

7. The method for rapidly forming a cutting well using intelligent controlled deep-hole blasting according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second cavity (72) is located inside the first cavity (71) at one end near the detonator (4).

8. The method for rapidly forming a cutting well using intelligent controlled deep-hole blasting according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sleeve (2) is provided with a pressure equalization hole (25) for connecting the first cavity (71) and the third cavity (73).

9. The method for rapidly forming a cutting well using intelligent controlled deep-hole blasting according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first end of the equalizing hole (25) is connected to the horizontal high position in the groove (23), and the second end of the equalizing hole (25) is connected to the low end side of the annular wing plate (21) so as to be blocked by the flexible elastic plate (6) in the default state.

10. The method for rapidly forming a cutting well using intelligent controlled deep-hole blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sleeve (2) is pulled outward of the blast hole by a predetermined distance of 2 to 4 cm.

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