Nylon powder for anti-wear of transmission shaft and its preparation method

Abstract

The application relates to the field of anti-abrasion materials, in particular to nylon powder for anti-abrasion of a transmission shaft and a preparation method thereof. The nylon powder for anti-abrasion of the transmission shaft comprises, in mass parts, at least the following raw materials: nylon base material 85-95 parts, composite functional agent 5-12 parts, wear-resistant reinforcing agent 1-3 parts, antioxidant 0.3-1.0 parts, coupling agent 0.3-1.0 parts and nucleating agent 0.3-0.5 parts. The finally prepared nylon powder product can simultaneously maintain good comprehensive performances such as wear resistance, mechanics, temperature resistance, size stability, water resistance and corrosion resistance, can meet the anti-abrasion performance requirements of the existing transmission shaft, can greatly improve the reliability of the transmission shaft and prolong the use quality and service life, and provides a new solution for solving the problems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wear-resistant materials, and more specifically to a nylon powder for wear protection of drive shafts and a method for preparing the same. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of mechanical transmission systems, drive shafts are subjected to complex alternating loads and frictional wear during operation. Long-term use can easily lead to surface damage and fatigue failure, directly affecting the stability and lifespan of the equipment. Although traditional metal drive shafts have high strength and rigidity, their wear resistance is poor, especially under high load, high speed, or complex working conditions, where surface wear and fatigue cracks are particularly significant. To solve this problem, existing technologies mainly improve them through surface treatment, modification of wear-resistant materials, or structural optimization.

[0003] In the field of wear-resistant materials, nylon has been extensively studied due to its excellent self-lubricating properties, low density, and good chemical stability. Current technologies often involve adding wear-resistant additives such as carbon fiber, molybdenum disulfide, graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene, or silicone to the nylon matrix to further improve the material's wear resistance and load-bearing capacity. However, the introduction of these additives often leads to more complex material molding processes and places higher demands on the dimensional accuracy and uniformity of nylon products. For example, traditional wear-resistant nylon products are prone to end-face concavity or dimensional deviations in the thickness direction under heat shrinkage, limiting their application in precision transmission components. Simultaneously, existing nylon powder coating processes are prone to coating peeling or performance degradation under high temperature or high humidity environments, making it difficult to meet the long-term use requirements under extreme conditions.

[0004] Despite some progress in wear resistance of drive shafts, several technological bottlenecks remain to be overcome. On one hand, the wear resistance of traditional metal drive shafts relies on surface coatings or external lubricants, resulting in limited wear life and environmental adaptability, and high maintenance costs. On the other hand, while nylon composites offer advantages such as lightweight and self-lubrication, their mechanical properties, temperature resistance, and dimensional stability are still insufficient to completely replace metal materials. Furthermore, existing nylon powder coating processes lack systematic research on additive selection, formulation optimization, and molding process control, leading to a significant gap between material performance and actual requirements. Therefore, developing a nylon powder material that combines high wear resistance, excellent mechanical properties, and good inherent stability has become a key technological direction for improving drive shaft reliability and extending service life. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In summary, how to prepare a nylon powder with excellent wear resistance while maintaining good mechanical properties and temperature resistance has become an important research topic for those skilled in the art. Through in-depth research in this technical field, the applicant has finally proposed a nylon powder for wear protection of drive shafts and its preparation method in this application. The nylon powder product finally obtained in this application can simultaneously maintain good wear resistance, mechanical properties, temperature resistance, dimensional stability, and waterproof and corrosion-resistant properties, meeting the diverse wear protection requirements of existing drive shafts, greatly improving the reliability of drive shafts and extending their service life, providing a new solution to this type of problem.

[0006] A nylon powder for wear protection of drive shafts, comprising, by weight, at least: 85-95 parts of nylon base material, 5-12 parts of composite functional agent, 1-3 parts of wear-resistant reinforcing agent, 0.3-1.0 parts of antioxidant, 0.3-1.0 parts of coupling agent, and 0.1-0.5 parts of nucleating agent.

[0007] Preferably, the nylon base material is a composition of PA11 and PA12.

[0008] Preferably, the mass ratio of PA11 to PA12 is (5~8):(2~4.5).

[0009] Preferably, the mass ratio of PA11 to PA12 is (6.5~7.5):(2.8~3.8).

[0010] Preferably, PA11 is Rilsan® BMNO TL.

[0011] Preferably, PA12 is Vestamid® L1725.

[0012] Preferably, the composite functional agent is a composition of triphenyl phosphite, perfluoropolyether oligomer and boronazine.

[0013] Preferably, the mass ratio of the triphenyl phosphite, the perfluoropolyether oligomer, and the boronazine is (4~5):(2~2.8):(1~2).

[0014] Preferably, the mass ratio of the triphenyl phosphite, the perfluoropolyether oligomer, and the boroazacyclobutane is (4.2~4.6):(2.2~2.4):(1.5~1.8).

[0015] Preferably, the mass ratio of the nylon base material, composite functional agent and wear-resistant reinforcing agent is (86~92):(8~11):(1.5~2.5).

[0016] Preferably, the mass ratio of the nylon base material, composite functional agent and wear-resistant reinforcing agent is (88~90):(9~10):(1.8~2.1).

[0017] This application enhances the overall performance of nylon powder by incorporating composite functional agents. Through the combined action of triphenyl phosphite, perfluoropolyether oligomers, and boron-nitrogen heterocyclic butane, a multi-layered protective system is constructed for the wear-resistant nylon powder used in drive shafts, increasing the critical ignition temperature and blocking the risk of dripping caused by friction. Furthermore, a hydrophobic molecular film is formed based on the fluorocarbon chains, effectively resisting molecular corrosion and reducing the adhesion of organic matter. Finally, through strong inter-chain bonding with the nylon backbone, a three-dimensional molecular chain network is constructed, dissipating impact energy, enhancing the inter-chain strength, and resisting chain slippage, thereby significantly improving mechanical and electrical properties.

[0018] Preferably, the wear-resistant reinforcing agent is at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, calcium fluoride, and titanium boride.

[0019] Preferably, the wear-resistant reinforcing agent is polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0020] Preferably, the antioxidant is at least one of antioxidant 1010, antioxidant DSTDP, and antioxidant TDP.

[0021] Preferably, the antioxidant is DSTDP or TDP.

[0022] Preferably, the antioxidant is antioxidant TDP.

[0023] Preferably, the coupling agent is at least one selected from propyltriethoxysilane isocyanate, mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, phosphate ester, and titanate.

[0024] Preferably, the coupling agent is propyltriethoxysilane isocyanate or a phosphate ester.

[0025] Preferably, the coupling agent is propyltriethoxysilane isocyanate.

[0026] Preferably, the nucleating agent is at least one selected from talc, zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, and sodium benzoate.

[0027] Preferably, the nucleating agent is calcium carbonate or sodium benzoate.

[0028] Preferably, the nucleating agent is sodium benzoate.

[0029] Preferably, the nylon powder used for wear protection of the drive shaft further comprises, by weight, 0.1 to 1 part of leveling agent, 0.8 to 1.5 parts of compatibilizer, 0.1 to 0.5 parts of ultraviolet absorber, and 4.5 to 8.5 parts of combined additives.

[0030] Preferably, the mass ratio of the nylon base material, compatibilizer, and combined additives is (86~92):(1~1.4):(6~8).

[0031] Preferably, the mass ratio of the nylon base material, compatibilizer, and combined additives is (88~90):(1~1.2):(6.5~7.5).

[0032] Preferably, the leveling agent is at least one of vinyl bis-stearamide, oxidized polyethylene wax, pentaerythritol stearate, erucamide, and polyether-modified polysiloxane.

[0033] Preferably, the leveling agent is vinyl bis-stearamide or oxidized polyethylene wax.

[0034] Preferably, the leveling agent is vinyl bis-stearamide.

[0035] Preferably, the compatibilizer is at least one selected from maleic anhydride-grafted POE, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, and acrylate copolymer.

[0036] Preferably, the compatibilizer is maleic anhydride-grafted POE or styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer.

[0037] Preferably, the compatibilizer is maleic anhydride-grafted POE.

[0038] Preferably, the ultraviolet absorber is at least one of benzophenone, triazine, and phenyl salicylate.

[0039] Preferably, the ultraviolet absorber is benzophenone.

[0040] Preferably, the combined adjuvant is a combination of cyclic phosphonate, quaternary ammonium pentafluoropropionate, and fluoroboronic acid ester.

[0041] Preferably, the mass ratio of the cyclic phosphonate, the quaternary ammonium pentafluoropropionate, and the fluoroboronic acid ester is (5~7):(2~3):(2~3).

[0042] Preferably, the mass ratio of the cyclic phosphonate, the quaternary ammonium pentafluoropropionate, and the fluoroboronic acid ester is (5.5~6):(2.6~3):(2.2~2.4).

[0043] By further combining the addition of additives, the rigid phosphorus heterocycles of cyclic phosphonates capture free radicals to form a thermally stable network, inhibiting high-temperature pyrolysis of nylon and maintaining its high-temperature modulus. Quaternary ammonium pentafluoropropionic acid salts, with the low surface energy characteristics of fluorocarbon chains, self-assemble into a molecular lubricating film at the friction interface, further reducing the coefficient of friction and dynamically repairing the worn surface. Meanwhile, the boron atoms of fluoroboronates form covalent bonds with the metal matrix and simultaneously condense with nylon amino groups to construct a hybrid bridging layer, which greatly improves the mechanical properties. Moreover, the interaction among the three additives creates a synergistic effect, ultimately achieving the comprehensive performance of nylon powder in specific application environments, resulting in high performance and service life.

[0044] Preferably, the average D50 particle size of the nylon powder used for wear protection of the drive shaft is 100~150μm.

[0045] Preferably, the average D50 particle size of the nylon powder used for wear protection of the drive shaft is 100~120μm.

[0046] A method for preparing the above-mentioned nylon powder for wear protection of drive shafts includes the following steps: S1: Vacuum drying of nylon base material, mixing with functional composition, and then adding to a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion, during which the remaining raw materials are added by side feeding; S2: Vacuum devolatilization after completion, cold curing of the extruded strip, pulverization by a turbine air jet mill and sieving to obtain the final product.

[0047] Preferably, the preparation method of the nylon powder for wear protection of the drive shaft specifically includes the following steps: S1: Vacuum drying of nylon base material at 85~90℃ for 10~12h until the moisture content is ≤0.2%, then mixing with functional composition and adding to a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion, with a temperature range of 190~250℃, during which the remaining raw materials are added by side feeding at a feeding rate of 0.8~1kg / h; S2: After completion, vacuum devolatilization at -0.09 MPa, the extruded strip is cold-cured, cryogenically pulverized with liquid nitrogen, and sieved through a 100~250 mesh to obtain the final product.

[0048] This application has practical significance and beneficial effects:

[0049] 1. The nylon powder product finally obtained in this application can simultaneously maintain good comprehensive properties such as wear resistance, mechanical properties, temperature resistance, dimensional stability, and waterproof and corrosion-resistant properties, which meets the diverse wear resistance requirements of existing drive shafts, greatly improves the reliability of drive shafts, and extends their service life and provides a new solution to this type of problem.

[0050] 2. The nylon powder of this application enhances the overall performance of the nylon powder by adding composite functional agents, increases the critical ignition temperature, blocks the risk of molten droplets caused by friction, effectively resists molecular corrosion, reduces the bonding and adhesion of organic matter and constructs a three-dimensional molecular chain network, dissipates impact energy, enhances the mutual strength between molecular chains, and resists molecular chain slippage, thereby significantly enhancing mechanical and mechanical properties.

[0051] 3. With the addition of combined additives, nylon powder forms a thermally stable network, which inhibits high-temperature pyrolysis of nylon, maintains high-temperature modulus, and self-assembles into a molecular lubricating film at the friction interface, further reducing the coefficient of friction and dynamically repairing the wear surface. Finally, it forms a covalent bond with the metal matrix and simultaneously condenses with nylon amino groups to construct a hybrid bridging layer, which greatly improves mechanical properties. Moreover, the interaction among the three factors creates a synergistic effect, ultimately achieving the comprehensive performance of nylon powder in specific application environments, resulting in high quality and service life. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figure 1 This is a microscope image of the nylon powder used for wear prevention of drive shafts prepared in Example 1 of this application.

[0053] Figure 2 This is a particle size analysis report of the nylon powder used for wear prevention of drive shafts prepared in Example 1 of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0054] Example 1

[0055] A nylon powder for wear protection of drive shafts, comprising, by weight: 90 parts nylon base material, 9.6 parts composite functional agent, 1.9 parts wear-resistant reinforcing agent, 0.5 parts antioxidant, 1.2 parts coupling agent, 0.4 parts nucleating agent, 0.8 parts leveling agent, 1.2 parts compatibilizer, 0.4 parts ultraviolet absorber, and 7.2 parts combined additives.

[0056] The nylon base material is a composition of PA11 and PA12 in a mass ratio of 7:3.5.

[0057] PA11 is Rilsan® BMNO TL from Arkema, France; PA12 is Vestamid® D16 from Evonik Industries, Germany.

[0058] The composite functional agent is a composition of triphenyl phosphite, perfluoropolyether oligomer and boronazine, in a mass ratio of 4.5:2.3:1.7.

[0059] YR-1800, a perfluoropolyether oligomer, is from Solvay, Italy; boron-azacyclobutane is from Bailingwei Technology, China.

[0060] The wear-resistant reinforcing agent is polytetrafluoroethylene, general grade M-15HS, from Daikin Industries, Japan.

[0061] The antioxidant is TDP; the coupling agent is propyltriethoxysilane isocyanate; the nucleating agent is sodium benzoate; the leveling agent is vinyl bis-stearamide; and the ultraviolet absorber is benzophenone.

[0062] The compatibilizer is maleic anhydride-grafted POE, 3150, from Kraton, USA.

[0063] The adjuvant is a combination of cyclic phosphonate, quaternary ammonium pentafluoropropionic acid salt and fluoroboronic acid ester in a mass ratio of 5.8:3:2.2.

[0064] The average D50 particle size of the nylon powder prepared for wear protection of drive shafts is 112 μm.

[0065] This embodiment describes a method for preparing nylon powder for wear protection of drive shafts, specifically including the following steps: S1: The nylon base material is vacuum dried at 90℃ for 11 hours until the moisture content is ≤0.2%, then mixed with the functional composition and added to a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion. The temperature zones are: Zone 1 190℃ / Zone 2 220℃ / Zone 3 235℃ / Zone 4 245℃ / Zone 5 240℃ / Zone 6 230℃ / Die 225℃. During this period, the remaining raw materials are added via side feeding at a rate of 0.8 kg / h; S2: After completion, the material is vacuum devolatilized at -0.09 MPa, the extruded strip is cold-cured, cryogenically pulverized with liquid nitrogen, and sieved through a 250-mesh sieve to obtain the final product.

[0066] Microscopic image of the nylon powder prepared in this embodiment for wear protection of drive shafts is shown below. Figure 1 As shown.

[0067] The particle size analysis report for the nylon powder used for wear protection of the drive shaft obtained in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 only in the following aspects: A nylon powder for wear protection of drive shafts, by mass, comprises: 86 parts nylon base material, 8.5 parts composite functional agent, 2 parts wear-resistant reinforcing agent, 0.5 parts antioxidant, 1.2 parts coupling agent, 0.4 parts nucleating agent, 0.8 parts leveling agent, 1.1 parts compatibilizer, 0.4 parts ultraviolet absorber, and 7.8 parts combined additives.

[0070] The nylon base material is a composition of PA11 and PA12 in a mass ratio of 7.5:3.

[0071] All other implementation schemes are the same.

[0072] Example 3

[0073] This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 only in the following aspects: A nylon powder for wear protection of drive shafts, by mass, comprises: 92 parts nylon base material, 10.5 parts composite functional agent, 1.8 parts wear-resistant reinforcing agent, 0.5 parts antioxidant, 1.2 parts coupling agent, 0.4 parts nucleating agent, 0.8 parts leveling agent, 1.4 parts compatibilizer, 0.4 parts ultraviolet absorber, and 6.3 parts combined additives.

[0074] The nylon base material is a combination of PA11 and PA12 in a mass ratio of 8:3.

[0075] All other implementation schemes are the same.

[0076] Comparative Example 1

[0077] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is as follows: A nylon powder for wear protection of drive shafts, by mass, comprises: 105 parts nylon base material, 3.2 parts composite functional agent, 1.9 parts wear-resistant reinforcing agent, 0.5 parts antioxidant, 1.2 parts coupling agent, 0.4 parts nucleating agent, 0.8 parts leveling agent, 1.2 parts compatibilizer, 0.4 parts ultraviolet absorber, and 8.1 parts combined additives.

[0078] All other implementation schemes are the same.

[0079] Comparative Example 2

[0080] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is as follows: A nylon powder for wear protection of drive shafts, by mass, comprises: 115 parts nylon base material, 12 parts composite functional agent, 1.9 parts wear-resistant reinforcing agent, 0.5 parts antioxidant, 1.2 parts coupling agent, 0.4 parts nucleating agent, 0.8 parts leveling agent, 1.2 parts compatibilizer, 0.4 parts ultraviolet absorber, and 1.5 parts combined additives.

[0081] All other implementation schemes are the same.

[0082] Comparative Example 3

[0083] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the nylon base material is a composition of PA11 and PA12 in a mass ratio of 9.5:1.

[0084] All other implementation schemes are the same.

[0085] Comparative Example 4

[0086] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the composite functional agent is a composition of triphenyl phosphite, perfluoropolyether oligomer and boronazine in a mass ratio of 5:1:0.5.

[0087] All other implementation schemes are the same.

[0088] Comparative Example 5

[0089] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the composite functional agent is a composition of triphenyl phosphite, perfluoropolyether oligomer and boronazine in a mass ratio of 2:3:2.5.

[0090] All other implementation schemes are the same.

[0091] Comparative Example 6

[0092] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the combined additives are a combination of cyclic phosphonates, quaternary ammonium pentafluoropropionate, and fluoroboronic acid esters in a mass ratio of 2:3:3.

[0093] All other implementation schemes are the same.

[0094] Comparative Example 7

[0095] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the combined adjuvant is a combination of cyclic phosphonate and pentafluoropropionic acid quaternary ammonium salt in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0096] All other implementation schemes are the same.

[0097] Performance testing

[0098] 1. Wear resistance: Test load: 30 N, rotation speed: 400 rpm, grinding material: GCr15 bearing steel, duration: 30 h, the sample is a disc made of nylon powder spraying with a thickness of 0.5 mm, which is ground against a standard steel pin, and the wear mark width is measured every 5 h. The results are the average of 10 tests and recorded in Table 1.

[0099] 2. Dimensional stability: Referring to ISO 899-1, under a compression load of 150℃ / 10 MPa, the creep specimen was made into a cylinder with a diameter of 12mm, and the creep deformation rate was recorded after 1000h. The average value of 10 tests was recorded in Table 1.

[0100] 3. Water resistance: Refer to ISO 62, immerse in water at 23℃ for 24 hours, take the water absorption rate after 24 hours, and take the average of 10 tests and record it in Table 1.

[0101] 4. Temperature resistance: Referring to standard ISO 75-2, the powder was injection molded into 80×10×4 mm specimens at an injection temperature of 230℃ and a holding pressure of 80 MPa. Test conditions: load 1.8 MPa, heating rate 2℃ / min, and the temperature corresponding to the specimen deformation of 0.25 mm was recorded. The average of 10 tests was recorded in Table 1.

[0102] Table 1 Performance Test Results

[0103] Example Grinding mark width (mm) Creep deformation rate (%) Water absorption rate (%) Temperature resistance (°C) Example 1 0.228 0.194 0.55 105.4 Example 2 0.241 0.201 0.56 106.1 Example 3 0.232 0.199 0.61 103.2 Comparative Example 1 0.317 0.293 1.29 92.2 Comparative Example 2 0.297 0.247 1.11 98.4 Comparative Example 3 0.283 0.284 1.09 101.6 Comparative Example 4 0.290 0.277 1.43 99.8 Comparative Example 5 0.269 0.268 1.37 102.7 Comparative Example 6 0.274 0.273 1.33 99.7 Comparative Example 7 0.265 0.272 1.40 100.3

[0104] Based on the final performance test results, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in this application did not adopt the raw material ratio scheme specified in this application, which directly resulted in the composite functional agent and wear-resistant reinforcing agent and other raw materials failing to play their most efficient role in the nylon base material and failing to form a good synergistic effect. In particular, it weakened the molecular chain network strength formed by the raw materials in the system, reduced its anti-slip strength, and ultimately reflected this defect directly in the decline of the relevant performance test results.

[0105] Comparative Examples 3-5, on the other hand, did not use a suitable combination of nylon base material and composite functional agent, which resulted in the overall system's synergistic effect not being able to reach its best effect. Comparative Examples 6 and 7, however, did not achieve the best synergistic effect because the compound ratio of the combined additives could not reach the best synergistic effect, which led to a significant weakening of the relevant performance tests in Comparative Examples 3-7 to varying degrees.

Claims

1. A nylon powder for wear protection of drive shafts, characterized in that: By weight, the raw materials include at least: 85-95 parts nylon base material, 5-12 parts composite functional agent, 1-3 parts wear-resistant reinforcing agent, 0.3-1.0 parts antioxidant, 0.5-1.0 parts coupling agent, 0.3-0.5 parts nucleating agent, 0.1-1 parts leveling agent, 0.8-1.5 parts compatibilizer, 0.1-0.5 parts ultraviolet absorber, and 4.5-8.5 parts combined additives; The nylon base material is a composition of PA11 and PA12 in a mass ratio of (5~8):(2~4.5); the PA11 is Rilsan® BMNO TL; the PA12 is Vestamid® L1725; The composite functional agent is a composition of triphenyl phosphite, perfluoropolyether oligomer and boron-azacyclobutane, in a mass ratio of (4~5):(2~2.8):(1~2). The mass ratio of the composite functional agent and the wear-resistant reinforcing agent in the nylon base material is (88~90):(9~10):(1.8~2.1). The mass ratio of compatibilizer and combined additives in the nylon base material is (88~90):(1~1.2):(6.5~7.5). The combined adjuvant is a combination of cyclic phosphonate, quaternary ammonium pentafluoropropionate and fluoroboronic acid ester, in a mass ratio of (5~7):(2~3):(2~3).

2. The nylon powder for wear protection of drive shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wear-resistant reinforcing agent is at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, calcium fluoride, and titanium boride.

3. The nylon powder for wear protection of drive shafts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The coupling agent is at least one selected from propyltriethoxysilane isocyanate, mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, phosphate ester, and titanate.

4. The nylon powder for wear protection of drive shafts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The nucleating agent is at least one of talc, zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, and sodium benzoate.

5. The nylon powder for wear protection of drive shafts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The leveling agent is at least one of vinyl bis-stearamide, oxidized polyethylene wax, pentaerythritol stearate, erucamide, and polyether-modified polysiloxane.

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