A pulse high-voltage divider calibration device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a pulse high-voltage divider calibration device and method, wherein the device comprises a pulse high-voltage source, a high-voltage voltage dividing network, a high-voltage multi-node acquisition module, a high-voltage optical fiber transmission module, a high-voltage signal demodulation module, a multi-channel acquisition module and a calibration controller. The high-voltage voltage dividing network is composed of RC parallel circuits in series and is used for dividing high-voltage signals. The high-voltage multi-node acquisition module is used for measuring pulse voltage signals after voltage division. The high-voltage optical fiber transmission module comprises a fiber transmitter and a high-voltage weather-resistant single-mode optical fiber and is used for transmitting pulse voltage signals in the form of optical signals. The high-voltage signal demodulation module comprises a fiber receiver and a digital demodulator and is used for receiving and demodulating optical signals. The multi-channel acquisition module comprises a synchronous clock source, an acquisition unit and a cache unit and is used for acquiring and storing pulse voltage signals. The calibration controller is used for calculating pulse voltage signals. The application solves the problems of a complex calibration system, weak anti-electromagnetic interference and a complicated calibration process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of high voltage measurement and metrological calibration technology, and in particular to a pulse high voltage divider calibration device and method. Background Technology

[0002] The pulse voltage divider is one of the core components of a pulse high-voltage device. It is used to measure pulse high voltage, and the accuracy of its voltage division ratio directly determines the operational safety and the accuracy and reliability of the measurement value of the high-voltage equipment.

[0003] Traditional high-voltage divider calibration methods mainly include:

[0004] 1. Standard Pulse High Voltage Source Method: This method uses a higher-precision, wider-bandwidth standard pulse high voltage source. The high voltage pulse signal set by the voltage divider being calibrated is connected to the source. The output waveform is measured and compared with the set high voltage pulse signal parameters to obtain parameters such as the voltage division ratio. This method requires a calibrated standard pulse high voltage source, and the high voltage source for tracing must be within the calibrated high voltage range.

[0005] 2. Standard Voltage Divider Comparison Method: This method uses a higher-precision, wider-bandwidth standard voltage divider to simultaneously measure the same high-voltage pulse signal with the voltage divider under test. The parameters of the voltage divider under test are determined by comparing the output waveforms. This method places extremely high demands on the performance of the standard voltage divider, and it is difficult to find a suitable high-precision standard voltage divider for high-amplitude, fast-rising-edge pulses.

[0006] 3. Frequency Response Analysis Method: Low-voltage sinusoidal signals of different frequencies are injected into the voltage divider, and frequency response curves are constructed by measuring their amplitude attenuation and phase shift, thereby deduce their step response. This method is complex and difficult to simulate actual working conditions under high-voltage pulses, especially unsuitable for situations with significant nonlinearity.

[0007] Existing technologies generally suffer from the following problems:

[0008] (1) The system is complex and requires the use of a calibrated standard high voltage source or standard voltage divider;

[0009] (2) Using traditional metal cables to transmit and collect signals has weak anti-electromagnetic interference capability, and the strong electromagnetic field generated by high voltage pulses can easily interfere with the measurement signal.

[0010] (3) The calibration process is cumbersome and it is difficult to achieve rapid on-site calibration;

[0011] (4) For high voltage pulses with extremely fast rise times (such as nanoseconds), the calibration accuracy and reliability of traditional methods are significantly reduced;

[0012] (5) The calibrable voltage range shall not exceed the voltage range of the calibrated standard equipment.

[0013] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a pulse high voltage divider calibration solution that has relatively simple system configuration requirements, strong anti-interference capabilities, expandable calibration voltage range, uses only equipment calibrated under low voltage, and is suitable for high voltage scenarios above 1kV. Summary of the Invention

[0014] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application proposes a pulse high voltage divider calibration device and method.

[0015] In a first aspect, this application discloses a pulse high voltage divider calibration device, comprising: a pulse high voltage source, a high voltage divider network, a high voltage multi-node acquisition module, a high voltage optical fiber transmission module, a high voltage signal demodulation module, a multi-channel acquisition module, and a calibration controller;

[0016] The high-voltage divider network consists of n RC parallel circuits connected in series. The input of the high-voltage divider network is connected to the output of the pulse high-voltage source, and the output of the high-voltage divider network is connected to the input of the high-voltage multi-node acquisition module. It is used to divide the high-voltage signal through the wideband voltage divider network formed by the series RC parallel circuits and output a pulse voltage signal.

[0017] The high-voltage multi-node acquisition module includes n high-voltage isolation units and n high-voltage high-speed differential acquisition units, which are used to measure and acquire the pulse voltage signal output by the high-voltage voltage divider network;

[0018] The high-voltage fiber optic transmission module includes n high-voltage encapsulated fiber optic transmitters and n high-voltage weather-resistant single-mode fibers, used to transmit the pulse voltage signal in the form of an optical signal;

[0019] The high-voltage signal demodulation module includes n fiber optic receivers and n digital demodulators, used to receive and demodulate the optical signals output by the high-voltage fiber optic transmission module;

[0020] The multi-channel acquisition module includes a synchronous clock source, n acquisition units, and n high-speed cache units, used to acquire and store the pulse voltage signal generated after the high-voltage signal demodulation module demodulates the optical signal;

[0021] The calibration controller is used for processing and calculating pulse voltage signals in the multi-channel acquisition module.

[0022] Optionally, the high-voltage multi-node acquisition module and the high-voltage fiber optic transmission module are detachable modules.

[0023] Optionally, the value of n is adjusted according to the high-pressure range, with a minimum value of 2.

[0024] Optionally, the RC parallel circuit is a single high-voltage, high-precision resistor R. i With one high-voltage, low-loss capacitor C i Parallel connection, and the time constant of the RC parallel circuit It is less than one-tenth of the rise time or one-tenth of the fall time of the calibrated high voltage pulse signal.

[0025] Optionally, if the number of high-voltage multi-node acquisition modules and high-voltage optical fiber transmission modules is 2n, then each RC parallel circuit has two simultaneous measurements, and the method for calculating the pulse voltage signal is to calculate the average value.

[0026] Optionally, it also includes a high-voltage insulation protection system, which includes a high-voltage grounding grid, an insulating oil tank, and a corona suppression ring, to prevent high-voltage electric shock or equipment damage.

[0027] Optionally, the fiber optic receiver is placed inside a high-voltage grounded shielded box, and the digital demodulator has a built-in high-voltage signal compensation algorithm.

[0028] Optionally, the pulse high-voltage source, high-voltage divider network, high-voltage multi-node acquisition module, and high-voltage fiber optic transmission module are the high-voltage side of the pulse high-voltage divider calibration device, enclosed in a high-voltage insulating shield; the high-voltage signal demodulation module, multi-channel acquisition module, and calibration controller are the low-voltage side, enclosed in a high-voltage insulating shield, and the high-voltage side and low-voltage side of the pulse high-voltage divider calibration device are connected by optical fiber.

[0029] Secondly, a pulse high-voltage divider calibration method is proposed, which is implemented using the pulse high-voltage divider calibration device described in the first aspect, including:

[0030] Step S1: Under the preset low voltage U d1 Next, calibrate the multi-channel acquisition module;

[0031] Step S2: Connect the high-voltage high-speed differential acquisition unit to the low-voltage side, and set the preset low-voltage U... d2 Next, using the first channel as a reference, uniform amplitude and time response calibration is performed to ensure the consistency of each channel within the system, and the voltage division ratio of the acquisition unit is calculated.

[0032] Step S3: Apply a step pulse high-voltage signal, with voltage nU, to the input of the high-voltage divider network using a pulse voltage source. d2 ;

[0033] Step S4: The high-voltage high-speed differential acquisition unit, calibrated by S2, synchronously acquires the transient voltage waveforms across the corresponding RC module.

[0034] Step S5: The acquired voltage signal is transmitted through the high-voltage fiber optic transmission module to the digital demodulator in the high-voltage signal demodulation module. The digital demodulator restores the voltage signal to an electrical signal voltage waveform.

[0035] Step S6: The calibration controller receives voltage waveform data from all channels, aligns and integrates the voltage waveforms, calculates the total voltage division ratio, and performs error analysis and calibration compensation.

[0036] Step S7: Acquire voltage using the low voltage at the specified calibration point. The total voltage divider ratio is used to calculate the actual calibration voltage, and the actual calibration voltage is then compared with nU. d2 For comparison, the signal source voltage is adjusted to nU. d2 ;

[0037] Step S8: nU d2 As the new U d2 Determine the new U d2 Check if the calibration voltage requirement is met. If not, proceed to step S2; if it is met, end the calibration.

[0038] Optionally, the total partial pressure ratio is calculated according to the following formula:

[0039]

[0040] Where k' is the total voltage division ratio, V1 is the voltage value collected by the first RC parallel circuit, V2 is the voltage value collected by the second RC parallel circuit, and Vn is the voltage value collected by the nth RC parallel circuit.

[0041] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in some embodiments of this application include at least the following:

[0042] (1) After calibration at a lower voltage, the pulse high voltage divider calibration device of this application is applicable to a voltage range of n (n≥2) times and has range extension characteristics;

[0043] (2) The voltage division ratio is calculated by measuring the ratio of the sum of the voltages of each module to the output voltage. The method of this application is based on the internal components, which reduces the dependence on external standard equipment and has self-calibration characteristics.

[0044] (3) Iterate and calibrate multiple times, each time achieving an n-fold expansion of the voltage range, thus achieving continuous expansion of the voltage range;

[0045] (4) The combination of high-voltage isolation acquisition, fiber optic anti-interference transmission, and high-voltage parameter correction provides high precision;

[0046] (5) The actual voltage of each node inside the voltage divider is directly measured by distributed acquisition, avoiding the response distortion caused by stray parameters in the traditional overall voltage divider. It is particularly suitable for the measurement of nanosecond-level fast pulses and has high bandwidth characteristics.

[0047] (6) The modular design of the calibration device in this application has a clear structure, which is easy to expand and maintain. It can adapt to different voltage levels by increasing or decreasing the number of RC circuit modules, thereby achieving the purpose of saving costs and reducing volume.

[0048] (7) Equipped with a high-voltage grounding grid, corona suppression ring, and discharge process to avoid high-voltage electric shock or equipment damage; and all high-voltage components are enclosed in an insulating structure, and the low-voltage side is connected by optical fiber, ensuring safe operation and high safety. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the composition of a pulse high voltage divider calibration device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a pulse high voltage divider calibration method according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] In the following description, when referring to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of methods and apparatus consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0053] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances. Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0054] This application aims to solve the problems of "system complexity, weak anti-interference, and fixed calibration voltage range" in the calibration of pulse high voltage dividers in high voltage scenarios of 1kV and above. This application provides a pulse high voltage calibration device and calibration method with simple equipment requirements, strong anti-interference ability, high calibration accuracy, expandable calibration voltage range, and only using low voltage calibration equipment. It adopts distributed measurement based on KVL (Kirchhoff's Voltage Law), uses fiber optic transmission and battery power to achieve anti-interference and electrical isolation, and uses an iterative calibration method to continuously expand the voltage measurement range. It is suitable for the calibration of pulse high voltage parameters in high voltage pulse scenarios of 1kV~1000kV such as lightning pulses and pulse power devices (such as accelerators and high voltage generators) in power systems.

[0055] According to Kirchhoff's voltage law, at any given moment, for any closed loop in a circuit, the algebraic sum of the voltages across all components is equal to zero. Therefore, for Figure 1 The RC parallel-series voltage divider network shown has a total voltage of , where k is the voltage division ratio of the acquisition device;

[0056] Right now .

[0057] Therefore, by distributing and measuring the voltage values ​​of each RC parallel circuit at the specified calibration points, the voltage division ratio can be calculated.

[0058] Meanwhile, this application uses fiber optic isolation for the acquisition equipment of internal nodes, which can resist strong interference. The acquisition equipment is powered by batteries, which can achieve high-voltage electrical isolation.

[0059] In terms of methodology, this application uses an iterative calibration method, expanding the voltage range by n times each time to achieve continuous expansion of the voltage range.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] This application provides a pulse high voltage divider calibration device, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0062] Pulse high voltage source, high voltage divider network, high voltage multi-node acquisition module, high voltage fiber optic transmission module, high voltage signal demodulation module, multi-channel acquisition module, calibration controller, and high voltage insulation protection system.

[0063] In one feasible implementation, the high-voltage divider network, the high-voltage multi-node acquisition module, and the high-voltage fiber optic transmission module are designed as an integrated high-voltage divider, from which the optical fiber is led out.

[0064] In one feasible implementation, the high-voltage divider network consists of n (n≥2) identical RC parallel circuits connected in series, where each RC parallel circuit includes a resistor and a capacitor connected in parallel. The high-voltage multi-node acquisition module includes n identical high-voltage isolation units and n identical high-voltage high-speed differential acquisition units. The high-voltage fiber optic transmission module includes n identical high-voltage encapsulated fiber optic transmitters and identical high-voltage weather-resistant single-mode fiber optic cables. The high-voltage signal demodulation module includes n identical fiber optic receivers, a high-voltage grounding shield box, and a digital demodulator. The multi-channel acquisition module includes a high-precision synchronous clock source, n acquisition units, and a high-speed cache unit. The high-voltage insulation protection system includes a high-voltage grounding grid, an insulating oil tank, and a corona suppression ring.

[0065] In this application, the high-voltage voltage divider network mainly connects the high-voltage signal through multiple RC parallel circuits to form a broadband voltage divider network, outputting a pulse voltage signal after voltage division. The high-voltage multi-node acquisition module is mainly used to measure and acquire the output pulse voltage signal of each RC parallel circuit in the high-voltage voltage divider network. The high-voltage fiber optic transmission module mainly realizes the transmission of the pulse voltage signal in the form of an optical signal. The high-voltage signal demodulation module is mainly used for optical signal reception and demodulation. The multi-channel acquisition module mainly completes the acquisition and storage of pulse voltage signals. The calibration controller is mainly used for data processing and calculation. The high-voltage insulation protection system is mainly used to prevent high-voltage electric shock or equipment damage and ensure safety and controllability. Each high-voltage multi-node acquisition module and high-voltage fiber optic transmission module are designed to be detachable, and can be removed from the pulse high-voltage divider and reinstalled.

[0066] The calibration method for a pulse high-voltage divider includes the following steps:

[0067] (1) Calibration of the low-pressure side acquisition section, under the specified low-pressure U d1 Next, calibrate the multi-channel acquisition module;

[0068] (2) Simultaneous calibration of the high and low voltage side acquisition sections: Remove all high-voltage high-speed differential acquisition units from the high-voltage divider and connect them to the low-voltage side. Then, calibrate them at the specified low voltage U. d2 Next, using the first channel as a reference, perform uniform amplitude and time response calibration to ensure consistency among all channels within the system, and calculate the total voltage division ratio of the high voltage divider. After calibration, put it back into the pulse high voltage divider and install and connect it.

[0069] (3) Applying a pulse: Using a pulse voltage source, apply a step pulse high voltage signal to the input of the high voltage divider network. The voltage is approximately nU. d2 (i.e., n times U) d2 ).

[0070] (4) Signal acquisition: Each high-voltage high-speed differential acquisition unit synchronously acquires the transient voltage waveforms at both ends of its corresponding RC parallel circuit.

[0071] (5) Signal transmission and demodulation: The acquired voltage signal is transmitted through the high-voltage fiber optic transmission module to the FPGA-based digital demodulator in the high-voltage signal demodulation module. The FPGA-based digital demodulator restores it to the electrical signal voltage waveform.

[0072] (6) Data processing and calculation: The calibration controller receives voltage waveform data from all channels, performs alignment and integration processing on the waveforms, calculates the total voltage division ratio, and performs error analysis and calibration compensation.

[0073] (7) Calculation of calibration voltage: Use the low-voltage sampled voltage at the specified calibration point. The sum of the total voltage divider ratios is used to calculate the actual calibration voltage and compare it with nU. d2 For comparison, the signal source voltage is adjusted to nU. d2 ;

[0074] (8) Iterative calibration: nU d2 As the new U d2 Repeat steps (2) to (7);

[0075] (9) Repeat the iterative improvement until the calibration voltage requirement is met.

[0076] The total partial pressure ratio is calculated using the following formula:

[0077]

[0078] Where k' is the total voltage division ratio, V1 is the voltage value collected by the first RC parallel circuit, V2 is the voltage value collected by the second RC parallel circuit, and V n This is the voltage value collected for the nth (grounding terminal) RC parallel circuit.

[0079] The voltage V1 to V n The acquisition points are collected according to the calibration waveform and user calibration requirements. For example, for single pulse waveforms, the peak of the waveform is collected, and for long pulse waveforms, the voltage value at a specified time point is collected.

[0080] The aforementioned pulse high-voltage divider calibration device comprises a high-voltage divider network consisting of n RC parallel circuits connected in series (n≥2, adjusted according to the high-voltage range), with each RC parallel circuit being a high-voltage, high-precision resistor R. i With one high-voltage, low-loss capacitor C i Parallel connection; the time constant of all RC parallel circuits The rise / fall time of the pulse high voltage signal being calibrated is less than one-tenth of the rise / fall time, where i represents a positive integer of 1, 2, ..., n; the input of the high voltage divider network is connected to the output of the pulse high voltage signal source, the output is connected to the input of the high voltage multi-node acquisition module, and the grounding terminal is the grounding terminal of the nth RC parallel circuit. Each RC parallel circuit is fixed by a high voltage insulating support.

[0081] The aforementioned pulse high voltage divider calibration device includes a high voltage multi-node acquisition module comprising n identical high voltage isolation high-speed voltage acquisition devices (in this embodiment, it consists of a high voltage high-speed differential acquisition unit and a high voltage isolation unit), powered by a built-in battery. The input terminal of each high voltage isolation high-speed voltage acquisition device is connected to both ends of an RC parallel circuit. It has a built-in high voltage isolation unit and divides the high voltage into a low voltage, modulating the low voltage transient signal into an analog or digital signal that can be transmitted through optical fiber.

[0082] Specifically, in this embodiment, the input terminal of the R1C1 parallel circuit (i.e., the first RC parallel circuit mentioned above) is connected to the input terminal of a high-voltage multi-node acquisition module composed of the high-voltage isolation unit 1 and the high-voltage high-speed differential acquisition unit 1. The output terminal of the R1C1 parallel circuit is connected to the input terminal of a high-voltage multi-node acquisition module composed of the high-voltage isolation unit 2 and the high-voltage high-speed differential acquisition unit 2, and the input terminal of a high-voltage multi-node acquisition module, respectively.

[0083] The aforementioned pulse high voltage divider calibration device includes a high voltage optical fiber transmission module comprising n identical high voltage packaged optical fiber transmitters, each connected to the output of one acquisition device, and transmitting optical signals through high voltage weather-resistant single-mode optical fiber.

[0084] As a more preferred option, the high-voltage isolated high-speed voltage acquisition device and the high-voltage fiber optic transmission module can be designed as a single unit.

[0085] As a more optimized solution, the high-voltage divider includes 2n channels of the same model of high-voltage isolated high-speed voltage acquisition equipment and high-voltage fiber optic transmission module. Each RC parallel circuit has two channels for simultaneous measurement, and the average value is taken when calculating the pulse voltage signal.

[0086] The aforementioned pulse high voltage divider calibration device includes a high voltage signal demodulation module comprising n identical fiber optic receivers and a digital demodulator. The fiber optic receivers are placed inside a high voltage grounded shielded box, and the digital demodulator has a built-in high voltage signal compensation algorithm.

[0087] The aforementioned pulse high voltage divider calibration device includes a multi-channel acquisition module with a built-in synchronous clock source and a high-speed cache for storing high voltage pulse data.

[0088] The aforementioned pulse high voltage divider calibration device separates the high and low voltage sides. The high voltage side before the optical fiber is enclosed in a high voltage insulating shield, and the low voltage side is enclosed in a high voltage insulating shield. The high voltage side and the low voltage side are connected by an optical fiber.

[0089] The aforementioned pulse high voltage divider calibration device includes a high voltage insulation protection system comprising a high voltage grounding grid, a corona suppression ring, and an insulating oil tank.

[0090] The aforementioned pulse high-voltage divider calibration device uses an iterative calibration method, which expands the calibration range by approximately n times after each calibration.

[0091] To illustrate the above embodiments more clearly, a specific example is given below:

[0092] A pulse high voltage divider calibration device includes a 100kV pulse high voltage source, a high voltage divider network, a high voltage multi-node acquisition module, a high voltage optical fiber transmission module, a high voltage signal demodulation module, a multi-channel acquisition module, a calibration controller, and a high voltage insulation protection system.

[0093] The high-voltage divider network consists of 10 RC parallel modules connected in series, each containing a resistor and a capacitor connected in parallel. The high-voltage multi-node acquisition module includes 10 high-voltage isolation units and 10 high-voltage high-speed differential acquisition units. The high-voltage fiber optic transmission module includes 10 high-voltage encapsulated fiber optic transmitters and high-voltage weather-resistant single-mode fiber. The high-voltage signal demodulation module includes 10 fiber optic receivers, a high-voltage grounding shielded box, and an FPGA-based digital demodulator. The multi-channel acquisition module includes a high-precision synchronous clock source, 10 acquisition units, and a high-speed cache unit. The high-voltage insulation protection system includes a high-voltage grounding grid, an insulating oil tank, and a corona suppression ring.

[0094] Example of calibration process:

[0095] This example demonstrates the extension from 100V low-voltage calibration to 100kV, where the pulse high-voltage source is replaced with a pulse voltage source that can cover high voltages from 100V to 100kV:

[0096] (1) Calibration of the low-pressure side acquisition section, at the specified low pressure Next, calibrate the multi-channel acquisition module;

[0097] (2) Simultaneously calibrate the high and low voltage side acquisition sections. Remove all high-speed voltage acquisition devices from the high voltage divider and connect them to the low voltage side. Then, calibrate them at the specified low voltage. Next, using the first channel as a reference, perform uniform amplitude and time response calibration to ensure consistency among all channels within the system, and calculate the acquisition voltage divider ratio. After calibration, put it back into the high voltage divider and install the connection.

[0098] (3) Applying a pulse: Using a pulse voltage source, apply a step pulse high voltage signal to the input of the high voltage divider network. The voltage is approximately 10 times that of U. d2 That is, 1000V.

[0099] (4) Signal acquisition: Each high-speed voltage acquisition device synchronously acquires the transient voltage waveforms at both ends of its respective RC module.

[0100] (5) Signal transmission and demodulation: The acquired voltage signal is transmitted to the demodulator through optical fiber, and the demodulator restores it to the electrical signal voltage waveform.

[0101] (6) Data processing and calculation: The calibration controller receives voltage waveform data from all channels, performs alignment and integration processing on the waveforms, calculates the total voltage division ratio, and performs error analysis and calibration compensation.

[0102] (7) Calculation of calibration voltage: Use the low-voltage sampled voltage at the specified calibration point. The sum of the total voltage divider ratios is used to calculate the actual calibration voltage and multiplied by 10. For comparison, the signal source voltage was adjusted to 1000V;

[0103] (8) First iteration calibration: Use 1000V as the new U d2 Repeat steps (2) to (7), at which point the calibration voltage is increased to 10kV;

[0104] (9) Second iteration calibration: Using 10kV as the new U d2 Repeat steps (2) to (7). At this time, the calibration voltage is expanded to 100kV to meet the calibration voltage requirements and the calibration is completed.

[0105] The 100kV pulse high voltage source can generate a single pulse with a nominal value of 100kV, a rising edge and a falling edge of 10us, a pulse width of 20us, and a voltage peak point at 15us.

[0106] The high-voltage divider network consists of 10 RC parallel circuits connected in series, each RC parallel circuit being one (or a group of) high-voltage, high-precision resistors (R). i ) with one (or a group) high-voltage, low-loss capacitor (C i Parallel connection; the time constant of all RC parallel circuits The rise / fall time is less than one-tenth of the rise / fall time of the high-voltage pulse signal being calibrated, i.e. less than 1µs; the input of the high-voltage divider network is connected to the output of the high-voltage pulse signal being calibrated, the output is connected to the input of the high-voltage multi-node acquisition module, and the grounding terminal is the grounding terminal of the 10th RC parallel circuit. Each RC parallel circuit is fixed by a high-voltage insulating support.

[0107] The high-voltage multi-node acquisition and fiber optic transmission module includes 10 sets of high-voltage isolated high-speed voltage acquisition devices and high-voltage packaged fiber optic transmitters, powered by built-in batteries. The input end of each acquisition device is connected to both ends of an RC parallel circuit. It has a built-in high-voltage isolation unit, voltage divider module and voltage modulation module. The output end transmits optical signals through high-voltage weather-resistant single-mode fiber with a voltage division ratio of 1000:1 and a maximum output voltage of 10V.

[0108] As a more preferred option, the high-voltage isolated high-speed voltage acquisition device and the high-voltage fiber optic transmission module can be designed as a single unit.

[0109] The high-voltage signal demodulation module includes 10 fiber optic receivers and an FPGA-based digital demodulator. The fiber optic receivers are placed inside a high-voltage grounded shield box, and the digital demodulator has a built-in high-voltage signal compensation algorithm.

[0110] The multi-channel synchronous acquisition module has a built-in synchronous clock source and high-speed cache for storing high-voltage pulse data, and can acquire high-speed voltage signals in the range of 0-11V (considering a certain redundancy).

[0111] The high-voltage insulation protection system includes a high-voltage grounding grid, a corona suppression ring, and an insulating oil tank.

[0112] The materials and manufacturing processes of the equipment comply with high-voltage related standards, specifications, and practices.

[0113] Experimental results show that the pulse high-voltage divider calibration device disclosed in this application, after calibration at a lower voltage, is applicable to a voltage range of n (n≥2). It also possesses the following characteristics:

[0114] Self-calibration feature: The voltage division ratio is calculated by measuring the ratio of the sum of the voltages of each module to the output voltage. This method is based on internal measurement and reduces reliance on external standard equipment.

[0115] Iterative calibration: Iterative calibration is performed multiple times, each time achieving an n-fold expansion of the voltage range, thus continuously expanding the voltage range;

[0116] High precision: Combination of high-voltage isolation acquisition, fiber optic anti-interference transmission, and high-voltage parameter correction.

[0117] High bandwidth: Distributed acquisition directly measures the actual voltage of each node inside the voltage divider, avoiding response distortion caused by stray parameters in traditional integrated voltage dividers, and is particularly suitable for the measurement of nanosecond-level fast pulses.

[0118] Modular design: The structure is clear, easy to expand and maintain, and can be adapted to different voltage levels by increasing or decreasing the number of RC modules, as well as to achieve the goals of cost saving and size reduction.

[0119] High safety: Equipped with a high-voltage grounding grid, corona suppression ring, and discharge process to avoid high-voltage electric shock or equipment damage; and all high-voltage components are enclosed in an insulated structure, while the low-voltage side is connected via optical fiber, ensuring safe operation.

[0120] Example 2

[0121] This application provides a method for calibrating a pulse high-voltage divider, implemented using the pulse high-voltage divider calibration device described in Embodiment 1. Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0122] Step S1: At the preset low voltage U d1 Next, calibrate the multi-channel acquisition module;

[0123] Step S2: Connect the high-voltage high-speed differential acquisition unit to the low-voltage side, and set the preset low-voltage U... d2 Next, using the first channel as a reference, uniform amplitude and time response calibration is performed to ensure the consistency of each channel within the system, and the voltage division ratio of the acquisition unit is calculated.

[0124] Step S3: Apply a step pulse high-voltage signal, with voltage nU, to the input of the high-voltage divider network using a pulse voltage source. d2 ;

[0125] Step S4: The high-voltage high-speed differential acquisition unit, calibrated by S2, synchronously acquires the transient voltage waveforms across the corresponding RC module.

[0126] Step S5: The acquired voltage signal is transmitted through the high-voltage fiber optic transmission module to the digital demodulator in the high-voltage signal demodulation module. The digital demodulator restores the voltage signal to an electrical signal voltage waveform.

[0127] Step S6: The calibration controller receives voltage waveform data from all channels, aligns and integrates the voltage waveforms, calculates the total voltage division ratio, and performs error analysis and calibration compensation.

[0128] In the specific implementation process, the total partial pressure ratio is calculated according to the following formula:

[0129]

[0130] Where k' is the total voltage division ratio, V1 is the voltage value collected by the first RC parallel circuit, V2 is the voltage value collected by the second RC parallel circuit, and Vn is the voltage value collected by the nth RC parallel circuit.

[0131] Step S7: Acquire voltage using the low voltage at the specified calibration point. The sum of the voltage division ratios of the acquisition units is used to calculate the actual calibration voltage and compare it with nU. d2 For comparison, the signal source voltage is adjusted to nUd2 ;

[0132] Step S8: nU d2 As the new U d2 Determine the new U d2 Check if the calibration voltage requirement is met. If not, proceed to step S2; if it is met, end the calibration.

[0133] This embodiment uses a pulse high voltage divider calibration device provided in Embodiment 1, so it has the same technical features as Embodiment 1, and can solve the same technical problems and achieve the same technical effects.

[0134] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0135] The applicant has provided a detailed description of the implementation examples of this application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the above implementation examples are merely preferred embodiments of this application. The detailed description is only intended to help readers better understand the spirit of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. On the contrary, any improvements or modifications made based on the inventive spirit of this application should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for calibrating a pulse high-voltage divider, implemented using a pulse high-voltage divider calibration device, characterized in that, The pulse high voltage divider calibration device includes: a pulse high voltage source, a high voltage divider network, a high voltage multi-node acquisition module, a high voltage fiber optic transmission module, a high voltage signal demodulation module, a multi-channel acquisition module, and a calibration controller connected in sequence. The high-voltage divider network consists of n RC parallel circuits connected in series. The input of the high-voltage divider network is connected to the output of the pulse high-voltage source, and the output of the high-voltage divider network is connected to the input of the high-voltage multi-node acquisition module. It is used to divide the high-voltage signal through the wideband voltage divider network formed by the series RC parallel circuits and output a pulse voltage signal. The high-voltage multi-node acquisition module includes n high-voltage isolation units and n high-voltage high-speed differential acquisition units, which are used to measure and acquire the pulse voltage signal output by the high-voltage voltage divider network; The high-voltage fiber optic transmission module includes n high-voltage encapsulated fiber optic transmitters and n high-voltage weather-resistant single-mode fibers, used to transmit the pulse voltage signal in the form of an optical signal; The high-voltage signal demodulation module includes n fiber optic receivers and n digital demodulators, used to receive and demodulate the optical signals output by the high-voltage fiber optic transmission module; The multi-channel acquisition module includes a synchronous clock source, n acquisition units, and n high-speed cache units, used to acquire and store the pulse voltage signal generated after the high-voltage signal demodulation module demodulates the optical signal; The calibration controller is used for processing and calculating pulse voltage signals in the multi-channel acquisition module; The pulse high voltage source, high voltage divider network, high voltage multi-node acquisition module, and high voltage fiber optic transmission module constitute the high voltage side of the pulse high voltage divider calibration device, which is enclosed in a high voltage insulating shield. The high voltage signal demodulation module, multi-channel acquisition module, and calibration controller constitute the low voltage side, which is enclosed in a high voltage insulating shield. The high voltage side and low voltage side of the pulse high voltage divider calibration device are connected by optical fiber. The calibration method includes: Step S1: At the preset low voltage U d1 Next, calibrate the multi-channel acquisition module; Step S2: Connect the high-voltage high-speed differential acquisition unit to the low-voltage side, and set the preset low-voltage U... d2 Next, using the first channel as a reference, uniform amplitude and time response calibration is performed to ensure the consistency of each channel within the system, and the voltage division ratio of the acquisition unit is calculated. Step S3: Apply a step pulse high-voltage signal, with voltage nU, to the input of the high-voltage divider network using a pulse voltage source. d2 ; Step S4: The high-voltage high-speed differential acquisition unit, calibrated by S2, synchronously acquires the transient voltage waveforms across the corresponding RC module. Step S5: The acquired voltage signal is transmitted through the high-voltage fiber optic transmission module to the digital demodulator in the high-voltage signal demodulation module. The digital demodulator restores the voltage signal to an electrical signal voltage waveform. Step S6: The calibration controller receives voltage waveform data from all channels, aligns and integrates the voltage waveforms, calculates the total voltage division ratio, and performs error analysis and calibration compensation. Step S7: Acquire voltage using the low voltage at the specified calibration point. The sum of the voltage division ratios of the acquisition units is used to calculate the actual calibration voltage, and the actual calibration voltage is then compared with nU. d2 For comparison, the signal source voltage is adjusted to nU. d2 ; Step S8: nU d2 As the new U d2 Determine the new U d2 Check if the calibration voltage requirement is met. If not, proceed to step S2; if it is met, end the calibration.

2. The pulse high-voltage divider calibration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-voltage multi-node acquisition module and the high-voltage fiber optic transmission module are detachable modules.

3. The pulse high-voltage divider calibration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The value of n is adjusted according to the high-pressure range, with a minimum value of 2.

4. The pulse high-voltage divider calibration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The RC parallel circuit consists of a high-voltage, high-precision resistor R. i With one high-voltage, low-loss capacitor C i Parallel connection, and the time constant of the RC parallel circuit It is less than one-tenth of the rise time or one-tenth of the fall time of the calibrated high voltage pulse signal.

5. The pulse high-voltage divider calibration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, If the number of high-voltage multi-node acquisition modules and high-voltage optical fiber transmission modules is 2n, then each RC parallel circuit has two simultaneous measurements, and the method for calculating the pulse voltage signal is to calculate the average value.

6. The pulse high-voltage divider calibration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a high-voltage insulation protection system, which includes a high-voltage grounding grid, an insulating oil tank, and a corona suppression ring, used to prevent high-voltage electric shock or equipment damage.

7. The pulse high-voltage divider calibration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber optic receiver is placed inside a high-voltage grounded shielded box, and the digital demodulator has a built-in high-voltage signal compensation algorithm.

8. The pulse high-voltage divider calibration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total partial pressure ratio is calculated according to the following formula: ， Where k' is the total voltage division ratio, V1 is the voltage value collected by the first RC parallel circuit, V2 is the voltage value collected by the second RC parallel circuit, and Vn is the voltage value collected by the nth RC parallel circuit.

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