Crude oil cracking experiment device, system and experiment method

Abstract

The invention provides a crude oil cracking experiment device, system and method. The device comprises a heating assembly, a condensation collection assembly and a gas collection assembly. The heating assembly is used for heating crude oil samples; the condensing and collecting assembly comprises a condensing unit and a collecting unit, and the condensing unit is of a three-way structure; the gas collecting assembly is connected with the output end of the condensing unit; a pipeline system formed by the sample container, the condensation collection assembly and the gas collection assembly which are connected through a pipeline is closed relative to the outside, and the height of any position on a pipeline path between the condensation unit and the gas collection assembly is not lower than the corresponding upstream position. Based on the technical scheme of the invention, the closed pipeline system greatly reduces the risk of cracking component leakage or loss, the pipeline trend is generally in a rising trend, the backflow of light hydrocarbon attached to the pipeline after condensation is facilitated, the accuracy of the content of the collected light hydrocarbon component and gas component is improved, and the recovery rate of the gas component is improved. And a reliable basis is provided for a crude oil cracking mechanism.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of oil and gas geochemistry, in particular to a crude oil cracking experimental device, system and experimental method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Crude oil cracking thermal simulation experiment is the only method to reconstruct the process of crude oil cracking gas generation. Crude oil will be gasified into light hydrocarbons under high temperature conditions in the laboratory. Light hydrocarbons are an important component of crude oil, which are mainly composed of C6-C 14 In the geological environment, the crude oil in the reservoir will further produce a large amount of light hydrocarbon components under the action of heat. These light hydrocarbon compounds have important influence on the properties, occurrence phase state and recoverability of crude oil. Due to the high volatility of light hydrocarbons at room temperature, the light hydrocarbon components in the geological crude oil samples in oil exploration will inevitably be lost. Therefore, through thermal cracking experiment, real-time separation and extraction of light hydrocarbon components produced by crude oil at different temperatures and time periods are important means for laboratory research on the generation and evolution of light hydrocarbon components.

[0003] At present, the thermal cracking experimental research on crude oil mainly focuses on gas components (C1-C5). However, the light hydrocarbon components (C6-C 14 ) will be mixed into the gas components due to the gasification under heat during the thermal cracking experiment. Therefore, the light hydrocarbon components are extremely easy to volatilize under the experimental conditions and are difficult to accurately analyze.

[0004] At present, there is also a way of gold tube thermal simulation to study the cracking process of crude oil. The method is to release gas and light hydrocarbons by piercing the gold tube in the vacuum glass system, and then to recover the light hydrocarbon components by a freezing collection system. However, the amount of light hydrocarbon components collected in the whole process is often less than the normal range, which shows that the existing recovery method causes the loss of light hydrocarbons. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the problem that the existing scheme for thermal simulation of crude oil cracking is prone to component loss, resulting in inaccurate simulation results, the present application provides a crude oil cracking experimental device, system and experimental method.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a crude oil cracking experimental device, comprising:

[0007] a heating assembly for heating a sample container containing a crude oil sample;

[0008] a condensation and collection assembly, comprising a condensation unit and a collection unit, the condensation unit is configured as a three-way structure, the input end and the condensation end of the condensation unit are connected with the sample container and the collection unit through pipelines respectively; and

[0009] A gas collection assembly is connected to the output of the condensation unit via a pipeline;

[0010] The pipeline system formed by the sample container, the condensation collection component, and the gas collection component connected by pipelines is relatively closed to the outside.

[0011] In one embodiment, the condensation unit includes a condensation chamber constructed in an inverted triangle and a condensation sleeve fitted over the condensation chamber. The input end, output end, and condensation end are respectively disposed at the three vertices of the triangle, and the condensation end is located at the bottom of the condensation chamber.

[0012] A refrigeration cavity is formed between the outer wall of the condensing jacket and the outer wall of the condensing chamber. The condensing jacket is provided with a medium inlet and a medium outlet that can be connected to the refrigeration cavity and the refrigeration assembly through a pipeline.

[0013] In one embodiment, the condensation chamber has a plurality of condensation sections on its body. The condensation sections are recessed inward relative to the outer wall of the condensation chamber to form a groove and protrude outward relative to the inner wall of the condensation chamber to form a protrusion.

[0014] In one embodiment, the condensing section is constructed on two opposite sides of the condensing chamber, and a plurality of the condensing sections on each side are sequentially distributed in a vertical direction, with the condensing sections bulging outward from the inner wall of the condensing chamber at an angle downward.

[0015] In one embodiment, the condensation portion on one side corresponds in the vertical direction to the position between two adjacent condensation portions on another side, and the condensation portions on the two sides have overlapping portions when projected onto the horizontal plane.

[0016] In one embodiment, the gas collection assembly includes an elastic airbag ball disposed on a mounting base, and the mounting base is respectively provided with a gas collection pipe and a sampling pipe that are both connected to the elastic airbag ball, and the gas collection pipe is connected to the output end of the condensation unit through a pipeline.

[0017] In one embodiment, at least two of the said condensation collection components are connected in parallel, each of the said condensation collection components being connected to one of the said gas collection components.

[0018] In one embodiment, the collection unit includes a collection container and a cooling jacket disposed around the collection container, the cooling jacket being connected to the refrigeration assembly via a pipeline.

[0019] In one embodiment, the heating assembly includes a heating chamber with a top cover, the heating chamber being able to accommodate the body of the sample container, the neck of the sample container passing through the top cover and located outside the heating chamber;

[0020] The heating box is equipped with a thermometer inside, a controller on the outer wall of the box, and a heating wire in the interlayer of the box. The thermometer and the heating wire are both electrically connected to the controller.

[0021] In one embodiment, the top cover includes a first cover and a second cover that are slidably fitted onto the top opening of the heating box and are opposite to each other. The first cover and the second cover are provided with magnetic suction elements and clearance notches on the side of the side that are close to each other.

[0022] When the first cover and the second cover are joined together by the magnetic attraction, the two clearance notches surround the neck of the sample container.

[0023] In one implementation, it further includes:

[0024] The base assembly includes a base plate and an operating platform disposed above the base plate. The operating platform supports the heating component, the condensation collection component, and the gas collection component. The top surface of the base plate is provided with a lifting drive component that supports the operating platform, and the bottom surface of the base plate is provided with casters.

[0025] The base plate and the operating table are also equipped with a lifting guide mechanism, which includes a guide cylinder and a guide column that cooperate with each other.

[0026] Secondly, the present invention provides a crude oil cracking experimental system, which includes the aforementioned crude oil cracking experimental apparatus.

[0027] Thirdly, the present invention provides a crude oil cracking experimental method, applied to the aforementioned crude oil cracking experimental apparatus, comprising the following steps:

[0028] After assembling the crude oil cracking experimental device, the heating component heats the sample container containing the crude oil sample at a preset heating rate, while the cooling component is activated to cool the condensation collection component.

[0029] After the pressure inside the sample container reaches a preset value, the valve on the pipeline is opened, allowing the cracked gas generated by the heating of the crude oil sample to enter the condensation unit of the condensation collection assembly.

[0030] The light hydrocarbons in the cracked gas are condensed into liquid and flow from the condensation unit into the collection unit of the condensation collection assembly for cold storage and collection. The remaining gas in the cracked gas enters the gas collection assembly through pipelines.

[0031] The above-mentioned technical features can be combined in various suitable ways or replaced by equivalent technical features, as long as the purpose of the present invention can be achieved.

[0032] The crude oil cracking experimental apparatus, system, and method provided by this invention have at least the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0033] The present invention discloses an experimental apparatus, system, and method for crude oil cracking. The generation and separation of cracked gas are carried out continuously in the same closed pipeline system, which greatly reduces the risk of leakage or loss of corresponding components of cracked gas. Moreover, the pipeline between condensation and gas collection generally has an upward trend, which is conducive to the reflux of light hydrocarbons attached to the pipeline after partial condensation. This improves the accuracy of the content of light hydrocarbon components and gas components after separation and collection, and provides a reliable basis for crude oil cracking mechanism. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Figure 1 This shows a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the crude oil cracking experimental apparatus of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the condensation unit of the crude oil cracking experimental apparatus of the present invention is shown;

[0037] Figure 3 Showing Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the condenser compartment of the condensation unit in the image;

[0038] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the collection unit of the crude oil cracking experimental apparatus of the present invention is shown;

[0039] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the gas collection assembly of the crude oil cracking experimental apparatus of the present invention is shown;

[0040] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the heating assembly of the crude oil cracking experimental apparatus of the present invention is shown;

[0041] Figure 7 Showing Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the heating assembly shown;

[0042] Figure 8 Showing Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of one of the covers of the heating assembly shown;

[0043] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the connector tube used to connect two parallel condensation collection assemblies is shown.

[0044] In the accompanying drawings, the same parts use the same reference numerals. The drawings are not to scale.

[0045] Figure label:

[0046] 1-Operating table, 2-Refrigeration component, 3-Support platform, 4-Heating chamber, 5-Sample container, 6-First gas collection component, 7-Second gas collection component;

[0047] 8-Condensation unit, 81-Input terminal, 82-Condensation chamber, 83-Condensation section, 84-Condensation end, 85-Condensation jacket;

[0048] 9-Collection container, 10-Cooling jacket, 11-Elastic airbag, 12-Support frame, 13-Connecting pipe, 14-Refrigeration medium pipeline, 15-Return pipeline;

[0049] 16-Base plate, 17-Guide cylinder, 18-Guide column, 19-Lifting drive component, 20-Wheel caster;

[0050] 21-First branch pipe, 22-Second branch pipe, 23-First valve;

[0051] 24-Pressure gauge, 25-Second valve, 26-Air outlet pipe, 27-Top cover, 82-Observation window, 29-Controller, 30-Heating wire, 31-Thermometer, 32-Railway, 33-Allowing notch, 34-Magnetic attachment;

[0052] 35-Support plate, 36-Bracket, 37-Outlet pipe, 38-Inlet pipe, 39-Mounting base, 40-Gas collection pipe, 41-Sampling pipe, 42-Connecting part, 43-Fasting bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0053] Based on the shortcomings of the existing technology mentioned in the background section, this paper further explains the specific reasons for the shortcomings of the gold tube thermal simulation.

[0054] In the gold tube thermal simulation scheme, a gold tube (with one end pre-welded closed) is used to contain the crude oil sample. The gold tube is heated in a corresponding heating device, and the resulting cracked gas is sealed inside the gold tube. The sealing method mainly involves applying pressure to the gold tube during heating (which can be achieved by injecting high-pressure liquid to squeeze the gold tube from the outside), thereby flattening it and closing the other end of the gold tube. After pyrolysis, the gold tube containing the cracked gas is placed in a vacuum glass system, and the gold tube is punctured with a needle to release the cracked gas. The light hydrocarbon fraction is condensed in the vacuum glass system, thus achieving the separation and collection of the light hydrocarbon fraction from other gas fractions.

[0055] Based on the existing gold tube thermal simulation scheme described above, the pyrolysis gas is first collected uniformly after generation and then condensed and separated. This involves the transfer of the sealed gold tube containing the pyrolysis gas, which carries the risk of leakage due to external interference. Furthermore, during pyrolysis, the sealing of the gold tube relies on external pressure, making it difficult to guarantee a complete seal.

[0056] In practical applications, the content of light hydrocarbons and even gaseous components obtained using the gold tube thermal simulation scheme is often too low, indicating that there is leakage and loss of corresponding components during the entire simulation experiment. Therefore, the technical solution of this invention is specifically proposed to solve this problem.

[0057] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] An embodiment of the present invention provides a crude oil cracking experimental apparatus, which includes a heating component, a condensation and collection component, and a gas collection component. The heating component is used to heat a sample container 5 containing a crude oil sample; the condensation and collection component includes a condensation unit 8 and a collection unit. The condensation unit 8 is constructed with a three-way structure, and its input end 81 and condensation end 84 are respectively connected to the sample container 5 and the collection unit through pipelines; the gas collection component is connected to the output end of the condensation unit 8 through a pipeline.

[0060] The pipeline system formed by the sample container 5, the condensation and collection component, and the gas collection component connected by the pipeline is relatively closed to the outside world. For the pipeline between the condensation unit 8 and the gas collection component, the height of any position on the pipeline path is not lower than its corresponding upstream position.

[0061] Specifically, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 1 As shown, the crude oil cracking experimental apparatus of the present invention is based on a closed system formed by pipeline connections. Heating cracking and condensation collection are carried out in the same system, eliminating the need for transfer and thus eliminating the risk of leakage that may occur during transfer. The heating component is used to heat the sample container 5, the structure of which is shown in the attached figure. Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the sample container 5 is equipped with a pressure gauge 24 to detect its internal air pressure. The sample container 5 also has an outlet pipe 26, on which a second valve 25 is installed. The outlet pipe 26 is connected to the condensation unit 8 of the condensation collection assembly via a connecting pipe 13. The condensation unit 8 of the condensation collection assembly is a three-way structure, including an input end 81, an output end, and a condensation end 84. The input end 81 is connected to the outlet pipe 26 of the sample container 5 via the connecting pipe 13; the output end is connected to the gas collection assembly via a pipe; and the condensation end 84 is connected to the collection unit via a pipe. For the entire pipeline system, the height of the sample container 5, the condensation unit 8, and the gas collection assembly increases sequentially. Furthermore, for the pipeline between the condensation unit 8 and the gas collection assembly, there is no section where the height decreases; that is, the entire path only has a gradually increasing section (preferably) or a horizontal section.

[0062] In practical application, the crude oil sample is first loaded into sample container 5. A vacuum can be drawn into sample container 5 immediately after loading (preferably at low temperature). Then, sample container 5 (with outlet pipe 26 closed) is assembled with the various components to form a complete pipeline system, and the entire pipeline system is evacuated. The heating assembly is then activated to heat sample container 5. When the pressure inside sample container 5 reaches the preset value as measured by pressure gauge 24, the second valve 25 of outlet pipe 26 on sample container 5 is opened, allowing the cracked gas to enter condensation unit 8 through connecting pipe 13 and input end 81. The light hydrocarbon components in the cracked gas condense into liquid and flow into collection unit through condensation end 84 of condensation unit 8. The remaining gas components enter the gas collection assembly through the output end for collection.

[0063] Based on the experimental apparatus of this invention, the generation and separation / collection of cracked gas are carried out continuously in the same closed pipeline system, which greatly reduces the risk of leakage or loss of corresponding components of cracked gas. Moreover, segmented enrichment operations can be performed during the generation of cracked gas according to research needs. At the same time, the pipeline between condensation and gas collection generally has an upward trend, which is conducive to the reflux of light hydrocarbons attached to the pipeline after partial condensation, thereby improving the accuracy of the content of light hydrocarbon components and gas components after separation and collection, and providing a reliable basis for crude oil cracking mechanism.

[0064] Furthermore, the experimental apparatus also includes a base assembly, which includes a base plate 16 and an operating table 1 disposed above the base plate 16. The operating table 1 supports the heating assembly, the condensation collection assembly, and the gas collection assembly. The top surface of the base plate 16 is provided with a lifting drive component 19 that supports the operating table 1, and the bottom surface of the base plate 16 is provided with casters 20. A lifting guide mechanism is also provided between the base plate 16 and the operating table 1. The lifting guide mechanism includes a guide cylinder 17 and a guide column 18 that cooperate with each other.

[0065] Specifically, as shown in the attached diagram.Figure 1 As shown, the base assembly of the experimental apparatus serves as the foundation for mounting and supporting the corresponding functional components. The base assembly mainly includes a base plate 16 and an operating platform 1 above it. A lifting drive 19 and a lifting guide mechanism composed of a guide cylinder 17 and a guide column 18 are installed between them. The lifting drive 19 is used to adjust the height of the operating platform 1 as needed, and can be either a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder. The lifting guide mechanism provides guidance for lifting. The bottom of the base plate 16 is equipped with casters 20, each with a locking structure. Opening the locking structure allows the experimental apparatus to move around the test site, improving its flexibility. The upper surface of the operating platform 1 directly houses the cooling component 2, support frame 12, and support plate 35. The cooling component 2 is located below the support platform 3, and the heating component is located on the support platform 3. The gas collection component and the condensation unit 8 of the condensation collection component are both located on the support frame 12 and supported at different positions. The collection unit of the condensation collection component is located on the support plate 35 and below the condensation unit 8.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] An embodiment of the present invention provides a crude oil cracking experimental apparatus, which includes a heating component, a condensation and collection component, and a gas collection component. The heating component is used to heat a sample container 5 containing a crude oil sample; the condensation and collection component includes a condensation unit 8 and a collection unit. The condensation unit 8 is constructed with a three-way structure, and its input end 81 and condensation end 84 are respectively connected to the sample container 5 and the collection unit through pipelines; the gas collection component is connected to the output end of the condensation unit 8 through a pipeline.

[0068] The pipeline system formed by the sample container 5, the condensation and collection component, and the gas collection component connected by the pipeline is relatively closed to the outside world. For the pipeline between the condensation unit 8 and the gas collection component, the height of any position on the pipeline path is not lower than its corresponding upstream position.

[0069] Specifically, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 1 As shown, the crude oil cracking experimental apparatus of the present invention is based on a closed system formed by pipeline connections. Heating cracking and condensation collection are carried out in the same system, eliminating the need for transfer and thus eliminating the risk of leakage that may occur during transfer. The heating component is used to heat the sample container 5, the structure of which is shown in the attached figure. Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the sample container 5 is equipped with a pressure gauge 24 to detect its internal air pressure. The sample container 5 also has an outlet pipe 26, on which a second valve 25 is installed. The outlet pipe 26 is connected to the condensation unit 8 of the condensation collection assembly via a connecting pipe 13. The condensation unit 8 of the condensation collection assembly is a three-way structure, including an input end 81, an output end, and a condensation end 84. The input end 81 is connected to the outlet pipe 26 of the sample container 5 via the connecting pipe 13; the output end is connected to the gas collection assembly via a pipe; and the condensation end 84 is connected to the collection unit via a pipe. For the entire pipeline system, the height of the sample container 5, the condensation unit 8, and the gas collection assembly increases sequentially. Furthermore, for the pipeline between the condensation unit 8 and the gas collection assembly, there is no section where the height decreases; that is, the entire path only has a gradually increasing section (preferably) or a horizontal section.

[0070] In practical application, the crude oil sample is first loaded into sample container 5. A vacuum can be drawn into sample container 5 immediately after loading (preferably at low temperature). Then, sample container 5 (with outlet pipe 26 closed) is assembled with the various components to form a complete pipeline system, and the entire pipeline system is evacuated. The heating assembly is then activated to heat sample container 5. When the pressure inside sample container 5 reaches the preset value as measured by pressure gauge 24, the second valve 25 of outlet pipe 26 on sample container 5 is opened, allowing the cracked gas to enter condensation unit 8 through connecting pipe 13 and input end 81. The light hydrocarbon components in the cracked gas condense into liquid and flow into collection unit through condensation end 84 of condensation unit 8. The remaining gas components enter the gas collection assembly through the output end for collection.

[0071] Based on the experimental apparatus of this invention, the generation and separation / collection of cracked gas are carried out continuously in the same closed pipeline system, which greatly reduces the risk of leakage or loss of corresponding components of cracked gas. Moreover, segmented enrichment operations can be performed during the generation of cracked gas according to research needs. At the same time, the pipeline between condensation and gas collection generally has an upward trend, which is conducive to the reflux of light hydrocarbons attached to the pipeline after partial condensation, thereby improving the accuracy of the content of light hydrocarbon components and gas components after separation and collection, and providing a reliable basis for crude oil cracking mechanism.

[0072] Furthermore, the experimental apparatus also includes a base assembly, which includes a base plate 16 and an operating table 1 disposed above the base plate 16. The operating table 1 supports the heating assembly, the condensation collection assembly, and the gas collection assembly. The top surface of the base plate 16 is provided with a lifting drive component 19 that supports the operating table 1, and the bottom surface of the base plate 16 is provided with casters 20. A lifting guide mechanism is also provided between the base plate 16 and the operating table 1. The lifting guide mechanism includes a guide cylinder 17 and a guide column 18 that cooperate with each other.

[0073] Specifically, as shown in the attached diagram.Figure 1 As shown, the base assembly of the experimental apparatus serves as the foundation for mounting and supporting the corresponding functional components. The base assembly mainly includes a base plate 16 and an operating platform 1 above it. A lifting drive 19 and a lifting guide mechanism composed of a guide cylinder 17 and a guide column 18 are installed between them. The lifting drive 19 is used to adjust the height of the operating platform 1 as needed, and can be either a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder. The lifting guide mechanism provides guidance for lifting. The bottom of the base plate 16 is equipped with casters 20, each with a locking structure. Opening the locking structure allows the experimental apparatus to move around the test site, improving its flexibility. The upper surface of the operating platform 1 directly houses the cooling component 2, support frame 12, and support plate 35. The cooling component 2 is located below the support platform 3, and the heating component is located on the support platform 3. The gas collection component and the condensation unit 8 of the condensation collection component are both located on the support frame 12 and supported at different positions. The collection unit of the condensation collection component is located on the support plate 35 and below the condensation unit 8.

[0074] Furthermore, the condensing unit 8 includes a condensing chamber 82 constructed in an inverted triangle and a condensing sleeve 85 fitted over the condensing chamber 82. The input end 81, the output end, and the condensing end 84 are respectively located at the three vertices of the triangle, and the condensing end 84 is located at the bottom of the condensing chamber 82. A refrigeration cavity is formed between the condensing sleeve 85 and the outer wall of the condensing chamber 82. The condensing sleeve 85 is provided with a medium inlet and a medium outlet that can be connected to the refrigeration assembly 2 through a pipeline.

[0075] Specifically, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the condensing unit 8 comprises two parts: a condensing chamber 82 and a condensing sleeve 85. The condensing chamber 82 has an inverted triangular structure, with its internal space for the flow of cracked gas generated from heating the crude oil sample. The cracked gas is input through the input end 81 and output through the output end. The condensing end 84 is located at the bottom of the inverted triangular structure, which facilitates the collection of condensed light hydrocarbons. The condensing sleeve 85 is fitted over the condensing chamber 82 and has the same inverted triangular shape. The outer walls of the condensing sleeve 85 and the condensing chamber 82 maintain a sealed contact, thus forming a refrigeration chamber between them. The refrigerant (gaseous or liquid) generated and output by the refrigeration assembly 2 can enter through the medium inlet on the condensing sleeve 85 (located at...). Figure 2 The medium enters the refrigeration chamber from the top of the condensing jacket 85, and exits through the medium outlet on the condensing jacket 85 (located at...). Figure 2 The cooling chamber is output from the bottom of the intermediate condenser jacket 85 and circulates back to the cooling assembly 2. During this process, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the cracked gas inside the condenser chamber 82 through the condenser chamber 82, causing the light hydrocarbons to be condensed into liquid and output to the collection unit from the bottom condenser end 84.

[0076] Furthermore, the condensation chamber 82 has multiple condensation sections 83 on its body. The condensation sections 83 are recessed relative to the outer wall of the condensation chamber 82 to form a groove and protrude relative to the inner wall of the condensation chamber 82 to form a protrusion.

[0077] Specifically, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the condensing chamber 82 is equipped with a condensing section 83. The condensing section 83 protrudes outward from the inner wall of the condensing chamber 82, forming a raised structure, and is concave inward from the outer wall of the condensing chamber 82, forming a groove structure. This increases the contact area between the pyrolysis gas inside the condensing chamber 82 and the refrigerant outside the condensing chamber 82, thereby increasing heat exchange efficiency and effect, and improving the condensation effect of the light hydrocarbon components in the pyrolysis gas.

[0078] Furthermore, the condenser section 83 is constructed on two opposite sides of the condenser chamber 82, and multiple condenser sections 83 on each side are distributed sequentially in the vertical direction, with the condenser section 83 bulging outward relative to the inner wall of the condenser chamber 82 at an angle downward.

[0079] Specifically, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the condenser 83 is provided on two opposite sides of the condenser chamber 82, that is, on the two opposite triangular sides (the first side and the second side) of the inverted triangular condenser chamber 82. The condenser 83 is inclined downward relative to the inner wall of the condenser chamber 82. Furthermore, at least the upper surface of the condenser 83 is inclined downward relative to the inner wall of the condenser chamber 82, which facilitates the light hydrocarbon components in the cracked gas to condense on the condenser 83 and then flow downward along the inclined condenser 83 or drip to the condenser end 84 of the condenser chamber 82.

[0080] Furthermore, the condenser 83 on one side corresponds in the vertical direction to the position between two adjacent condensers 83 on the other side, and the condensers 83 on the two sides have overlapping portions when projected onto the horizontal plane.

[0081] Specifically, the condenser chamber 82 has condensing sections 83 on both sides, which are staggered in height and have extended lengths so that their projections on the horizontal plane overlap. The advantages of this design are: firstly, with a fixed width between the two sides of the condenser chamber 82, its volume can be maximized, increasing the surface area of ​​the condensing sections 83 and thus enhancing heat exchange; secondly, when light hydrocarbons on one condensing section 83 drip under gravity, they first fall onto the lower condensing section 83, then converge with the light hydrocarbons condensed on the next lower condensing section 83, and so on until they reach the condensing end 84. During this process, the light hydrocarbons condensed on different condensing sections 83 continuously drip and accumulate, rapidly increasing the scale of light hydrocarbons on each condensing section 83, quickly overcoming the surface tension and viscosity of the light hydrocarbons, and allowing for rapid dripping and collection.

[0082] If the condensation sections 83 on the two sides do not overlap in the horizontal direction, then the condensation and dripping of light hydrocarbons in each condensation section 83 will occur independently. Therefore, it is necessary to wait for a certain period of time for the condensed and attached light hydrocarbons to form a certain scale, and for the gravity they receive to overcome the surface tension and viscosity so that they can detach themselves from the attached state and drip. This process takes a relatively long time, resulting in low efficiency of the condensation and collection process.

[0083] Furthermore, there are gaps between the two ends of the condenser section 83 and the other two sides (the third and fourth sides, i.e., the two waists of the inverted triangle) of the condenser chamber 82. (See attached diagram.) Figure 3 As shown, a gap is maintained between the end of the condenser 83 and the corresponding side wall of the condenser 82. This gap is used to allow the light hydrocarbons adhering to the inner wall of the condenser 82 to flow and be guided towards the condenser end 84. Preferably, the two sides of the two waists of the condenser 82 corresponding to the inverted triangle, namely the aforementioned third and fourth sides, are constructed to bulge outwards. Thus, from the perspective of the inside of the condenser, the third and fourth sides of the condenser 82 present a concave groove structure, further enhancing the function of guiding the light hydrocarbons on the inner wall of the condenser 82 towards the condenser end 84.

[0084] Furthermore, in the direction from the input end 81 to the output end of the condensing chamber 82, the condensing section 83 is strip-shaped, and its extension direction is obliquely downward. That is, the height of the end of the condensing section 83 closest to the input end 81 is greater than the height of the end closest to the output end; and preferably, the height of the uppermost end of the condensing section 83 closest to the input end 81 is higher than the height of the axis of the input end 81. The purpose of this is that the condensing section 83 has a certain guiding effect on the airflow of the cracked gas in the condensing chamber 82. The oblique downward design of the condensing section 83 can change the main direction of the airflow input from the input end 81 to obliquely downward, thereby deviating from the straight direction from the input end 81 to the output end, and offsetting it to a certain extent from the output end. This avoids the airflow from the input end 81 into the condensing chamber 82 and flowing directly to the output end in a straight direction. This increases the residence time of the airflow in the condensing chamber 82 and extends the flow path, so that the cracked gas can fully exchange heat with the refrigerant in the refrigeration chamber through the chamber body of the condensing chamber 82, so that the light hydrocarbons can be fully condensed. Optionally, the angle of inclination of the condenser section 83 is no greater than 30 degrees. To avoid excessive obstruction of airflow due to an excessively large angle and considering the limited space in the height direction within the condenser chamber 82, the inclination angle is preferably 10 to 15 degrees. In addition, the inclined condenser section 83 also has a guiding effect on the light hydrocarbons condensed and adhering to it.

[0085] Preferably, as shown in the attached figure Figure 1 As shown, the experimental setup includes at least two condensation collection components connected in parallel, each connected to a gas collection component. The structure and specifications of each condensation collection component and each gas collection component are identical. The sample container 5 is connected to each of the multiple condensation collection components via connecting pipes 13 with multiple output branches. The structure of the connecting pipes 13 is shown in the attached figure. Figure 9 As shown, it has an input interface for connecting to sample container 5 and multiple output branch interfaces for connecting to the condensation collection assembly.

[0086] In this embodiment, multiple output branch interfaces include a first branch pipe 21 and a second branch pipe 22, which are respectively connected to two parallel condensation collection components. A first valve 23 is installed on both the first branch pipe 21 and the second branch pipe 22. The two condensation collection components are respectively connected to a first gas collection component 6 and a second gas collection component 7. The two condensation collection components and the two gas collection components can simultaneously collect light hydrocarbons and gaseous components, respectively, to meet different research needs. For example, while one condensation collection component and its corresponding gas collection component are collecting light hydrocarbons and gaseous components, the other condensation collection component and its corresponding gas collection component can perform sampling analysis simultaneously. Thus, one set can primarily achieve the collection purpose, while the other set can perform sampling research during the collection process, thereby enabling the study of the light hydrocarbon components and gaseous components produced by the pyrolysis of crude oil samples at different time periods.

[0087] Furthermore, the collection unit of the condensation collection assembly includes a collection container 9 and a cooling jacket 10 disposed around the collection container 9. The cooling jacket 10 is connected to the refrigeration assembly 2 via a pipeline.

[0088] Specifically, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 4 As shown, the main body of the collection unit includes a collection container 9 and a cooling jacket 10 for cooling and insulating the collection container 9. The outer wall of the cooling jacket 10 is connected to multiple support plates 35 in the circumferential direction, which support the cooling jacket 10. The upper and lower parts of the cooling jacket 10 are respectively connected to the refrigeration assembly 2 through pipes, wherein the lower pipe is the input pipe and the upper pipe is the output pipe, that is, the refrigerant is input from the lower part and output from the upper part at the cooling jacket 10, which can prolong the residence time of the refrigerant in the cooling jacket 10. The cooling jacket 10 and the condenser jacket 85 are connected to the refrigeration assembly 2 in parallel, as shown in the figure. Figure 1 As shown; the input end 81 of the cooling jacket 10 and the condensing jacket 85 are connected in parallel to the refrigerant medium pipeline 14 of the refrigeration assembly 2, and the output end is connected in parallel to the return pipeline 15 of the refrigeration assembly 2. The main body of the collection container 9 is located in the cylindrical cooling jacket 10. The top of the collection container 9 is connected to the condensing end 84 of the condensing unit 8 through the liquid inlet pipe 38. The top of the collection container 9 is also equipped with a pressure relief pipe to balance the gas pressure inside and outside the collection container 9, ensuring that the liquid light hydrocarbons can smoothly enter the collection container 9. At the same time, a bracket 36 is provided on the support plate 35, located directly below the collection container 9. The bottom of the collection container 9 is located outside the cooling jacket 10 and is supported by the bracket 36. The bottom of the collection container 9 is also equipped with a liquid outlet pipe 37 with a valve.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] An embodiment of the present invention provides a crude oil cracking experimental apparatus, which includes a heating component, a condensation and collection component, and a gas collection component. The heating component is used to heat a sample container 5 containing a crude oil sample; the condensation and collection component includes a condensation unit 8 and a collection unit. The condensation unit 8 is constructed with a three-way structure, and its input end 81 and condensation end 84 are respectively connected to the sample container 5 and the collection unit through pipelines; the gas collection component is connected to the output end of the condensation unit 8 through a pipeline.

[0091] The pipeline system formed by the sample container 5, the condensation and collection component, and the gas collection component connected by the pipeline is relatively closed to the outside world. For the pipeline between the condensation unit 8 and the gas collection component, the height of any position on the pipeline path is not lower than its corresponding upstream position.

[0092] Specifically, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 1As shown, the crude oil cracking experimental apparatus of the present invention is based on a closed system formed by pipeline connections. Heating cracking and condensation collection are carried out in the same system, eliminating the need for transfer and thus eliminating the risk of leakage that may occur during transfer. The heating component is used to heat the sample container 5, the structure of which is shown in the attached figure. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the sample container 5 is equipped with a pressure gauge 24 to detect its internal air pressure. The sample container 5 also has an outlet pipe 26, on which a second valve 25 is installed. The outlet pipe 26 is connected to the condensation unit 8 of the condensation collection assembly via a connecting pipe 13. The condensation unit 8 of the condensation collection assembly is a three-way structure, including an input end 81, an output end, and a condensation end 84. The input end 81 is connected to the outlet pipe 26 of the sample container 5 via the connecting pipe 13; the output end is connected to the gas collection assembly via a pipe; and the condensation end 84 is connected to the collection unit via a pipe. For the entire pipeline system, the height of the sample container 5, the condensation unit 8, and the gas collection assembly increases sequentially. Furthermore, for the pipeline between the condensation unit 8 and the gas collection assembly, there is no section where the height decreases; that is, the entire path only has a gradually increasing section (preferably) or a horizontal section.

[0093] In practical application, the crude oil sample is first loaded into sample container 5. A vacuum can be drawn into sample container 5 immediately after loading (preferably at low temperature). Then, sample container 5 (with outlet pipe 26 closed) is assembled with the various components to form a complete pipeline system, and the entire pipeline system is evacuated. The heating assembly is then activated to heat sample container 5. When the pressure inside sample container 5 reaches the preset value as measured by pressure gauge 24, the second valve 25 of outlet pipe 26 on sample container 5 is opened, allowing the cracked gas to enter condensation unit 8 through connecting pipe 13 and input end 81. The light hydrocarbon components in the cracked gas condense into liquid and flow into collection unit through condensation end 84 of condensation unit 8. The remaining gas components enter the gas collection assembly through the output end for collection.

[0094] Based on the experimental apparatus of this invention, the generation and separation / collection of cracked gas are carried out continuously in the same closed pipeline system, which greatly reduces the risk of leakage or loss of corresponding components of cracked gas. Moreover, segmented enrichment operations can be performed during the generation of cracked gas according to research needs. At the same time, the pipeline between condensation and gas collection generally has an upward trend, which is conducive to the reflux of light hydrocarbons attached to the pipeline after partial condensation, thereby improving the accuracy of the content of light hydrocarbon components and gas components after separation and collection, and providing a reliable basis for crude oil cracking mechanism.

[0095] Furthermore, the experimental apparatus also includes a base assembly, which includes a base plate 16 and an operating table 1 disposed above the base plate 16. The operating table 1 supports the heating assembly, the condensation collection assembly, and the gas collection assembly. The top surface of the base plate 16 is provided with a lifting drive component 19 that supports the operating table 1, and the bottom surface of the base plate 16 is provided with casters 20. A lifting guide mechanism is also provided between the base plate 16 and the operating table 1. The lifting guide mechanism includes a guide cylinder 17 and a guide column 18 that cooperate with each other.

[0096] Specifically, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 1 As shown, the base assembly of the experimental apparatus serves as the foundation for mounting and supporting the corresponding functional components. The base assembly mainly includes a base plate 16 and an operating platform 1 above it. A lifting drive 19 and a lifting guide mechanism composed of a guide cylinder 17 and a guide column 18 are installed between them. The lifting drive 19 is used to adjust the height of the operating platform 1 as needed, and can be either a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder. The lifting guide mechanism provides guidance for lifting. The bottom of the base plate 16 is equipped with casters 20, each with a locking structure. Opening the locking structure allows the experimental apparatus to move around the test site, improving its flexibility. The upper surface of the operating platform 1 directly houses the cooling component 2, support frame 12, and support plate 35. The cooling component 2 is located below the support platform 3, and the heating component is located on the support platform 3. The gas collection component and the condensation unit 8 of the condensation collection component are both located on the support frame 12 and supported at different positions. The collection unit of the condensation collection component is located on the support plate 35 and below the condensation unit 8.

[0097] Furthermore, the condensing unit 8 includes a condensing chamber 82 constructed in an inverted triangle and a condensing sleeve 85 fitted over the condensing chamber 82. The input end 81, the output end, and the condensing end 84 are respectively located at the three vertices of the triangle, and the condensing end 84 is located at the bottom of the condensing chamber 82. A refrigeration cavity is formed between the condensing sleeve 85 and the outer wall of the condensing chamber 82. The condensing sleeve 85 is provided with a medium inlet and a medium outlet that can be connected to the refrigeration assembly 2 through a pipeline.

[0098] Specifically, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the condensing unit 8 comprises two parts: a condensing chamber 82 and a condensing sleeve 85. The condensing chamber 82 has an inverted triangular structure, with its internal space for the flow of cracked gas generated from heating the crude oil sample. The cracked gas is input through the input end 81 and output through the output end. The condensing end 84 is located at the bottom of the inverted triangular structure, which facilitates the collection of condensed light hydrocarbons. The condensing sleeve 85 is fitted over the condensing chamber 82 and has the same inverted triangular shape. The outer walls of the condensing sleeve 85 and the condensing chamber 82 maintain a sealed contact, thus forming a refrigeration chamber between them. The refrigerant generated and output by the refrigeration assembly 2 can enter through the medium inlet on the condensing sleeve 85 (located at...). Figure 2 The medium enters the refrigeration chamber from the top of the condensing jacket 85, and exits through the medium outlet on the condensing jacket 85 (located at...). Figure 2 The cooling chamber is output from the bottom of the intermediate condenser jacket 85 and circulates back to the cooling assembly 2. During this process, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the cracked gas inside the condenser chamber 82 through the condenser chamber 82, causing the light hydrocarbons to be condensed into liquid and output to the collection unit from the bottom condenser end 84.

[0099] Furthermore, the condensation chamber 82 has multiple condensation sections 83 on its body. The condensation sections 83 are recessed relative to the outer wall of the condensation chamber 82 to form a groove and protrude relative to the inner wall of the condensation chamber 82 to form a protrusion.

[0100] Specifically, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the condensing chamber 82 is equipped with a condensing section 83. The condensing section 83 protrudes outward from the inner wall of the condensing chamber 82, forming a raised structure, and is concave inward from the outer wall of the condensing chamber 82, forming a groove structure. This increases the contact area between the pyrolysis gas inside the condensing chamber 82 and the refrigerant outside the condensing chamber 82, thereby increasing heat exchange efficiency and effect, and improving the condensation effect of the light hydrocarbon components in the pyrolysis gas.

[0101] Furthermore, the condenser section 83 is constructed on two opposite sides of the condenser chamber 82, and multiple condenser sections 83 on each side are distributed sequentially in the vertical direction, with the condenser section 83 bulging outward relative to the inner wall of the condenser chamber 82 at an angle downward.

[0102] Specifically, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the condenser 83 is provided on two opposite sides of the condenser chamber 82, that is, on the two opposite triangular sides (the first side and the second side) of the inverted triangular condenser chamber 82. The condenser 83 is inclined downward relative to the inner wall of the condenser chamber 82. Furthermore, at least the upper surface of the condenser 83 is inclined downward relative to the inner wall of the condenser chamber 82, which facilitates the light hydrocarbon components in the cracked gas to condense on the condenser 83 and then flow downward along the inclined condenser 83 or drip to the condenser end 84 of the condenser chamber 82.

[0103] Furthermore, the condenser 83 on one side corresponds in the vertical direction to the position between two adjacent condensers 83 on the other side, and the condensers 83 on the two sides have overlapping portions when projected onto the horizontal plane.

[0104] Specifically, the condenser chamber 82 has condensing sections 83 on both sides, which are staggered in height and have extended lengths so that their projections on the horizontal plane overlap. The advantages of this design are: firstly, with a fixed width between the two sides of the condenser chamber 82, its volume can be maximized, increasing the surface area of ​​the condensing sections 83 and thus enhancing heat exchange; secondly, when light hydrocarbons on one condensing section 83 drip under gravity, they first fall onto the lower condensing section 83, then converge with the light hydrocarbons condensed on the next lower condensing section 83, and so on until they reach the condensing end 84. During this process, the light hydrocarbons condensed on different condensing sections 83 continuously drip and accumulate, rapidly increasing the scale of light hydrocarbons on each condensing section 83, quickly overcoming the surface tension and viscosity of the light hydrocarbons, and allowing for rapid dripping and collection.

[0105] If the condensation sections 83 on the two sides do not overlap in the horizontal direction, then the condensation and dripping of light hydrocarbons in each condensation section 83 will occur independently. Therefore, it is necessary to wait for a certain period of time for the condensed and attached light hydrocarbons to form a certain scale, and for the gravity they receive to overcome the surface tension and viscosity so that they can detach themselves from the attached state and drip. This process takes a relatively long time, resulting in low efficiency of the condensation and collection process.

[0106] Furthermore, there are gaps between the two ends of the condenser section 83 and the other two sides (the third and fourth sides, i.e., the two waists of the inverted triangle) of the condenser chamber 82. (See attached diagram.) Figure 3As shown, a gap is maintained between the end of the condenser 83 and the corresponding side wall of the condenser 82. This gap is used to allow the light hydrocarbons adhering to the inner wall of the condenser 82 to flow and be guided towards the condenser end 84. Preferably, the two sides of the two waists of the condenser 82 corresponding to the inverted triangle, namely the aforementioned third and fourth sides, are constructed to bulge outwards. Thus, from the perspective of the inside of the condenser, the third and fourth sides of the condenser 82 present a concave groove structure, further enhancing the function of guiding the light hydrocarbons on the inner wall of the condenser 82 towards the condenser end 84.

[0107] Furthermore, in the direction from the input end 81 to the output end of the condensing chamber 82, the condensing section 83 is strip-shaped, and its extension direction is obliquely downward. That is, the height of the end of the condensing section 83 closest to the input end 81 is greater than the height of the end closest to the output end; and preferably, the height of the uppermost end of the condensing section 83 closest to the input end 81 is higher than the height of the axis of the input end 81. The purpose of this is that the condensing section 83 has a certain guiding effect on the airflow of the cracked gas in the condensing chamber 82. The oblique downward design of the condensing section 83 can change the main direction of the airflow input from the input end 81 to obliquely downward, thereby deviating from the straight direction from the input end 81 to the output end, and offsetting it to a certain extent from the output end. This avoids the airflow from the input end 81 into the condensing chamber 82 and flowing directly to the output end in a straight direction. This increases the residence time of the airflow in the condensing chamber 82 and extends the flow path, so that the cracked gas can fully exchange heat with the refrigerant in the refrigeration chamber through the chamber body of the condensing chamber 82, so that the light hydrocarbons can be fully condensed. Optionally, the angle of inclination of the condenser section 83 is no greater than 30 degrees. To avoid excessive obstruction of airflow due to an excessively large angle and considering the limited space in the height direction within the condenser chamber 82, the inclination angle is preferably 10 to 15 degrees. In addition, the inclined condenser section 83 also has a guiding effect on the light hydrocarbons condensed and adhering to it.

[0108] Preferably, as shown in the attached figure Figure 1 As shown, the experimental setup includes at least two condensation collection components connected in parallel, each connected to a gas collection component. The structure and specifications of each condensation collection component and each gas collection component are identical. The sample container 5 is connected to each of the multiple condensation collection components via connecting pipes 13 with multiple output branches. The structure of the connecting pipes 13 is shown in the attached figure. Figure 9 As shown, it has an input interface for connecting to sample container 5 and multiple output branch interfaces for connecting to the condensation collection assembly.

[0109] In this embodiment, multiple output branch interfaces include a first branch pipe 21 and a second branch pipe 22, which are respectively connected to two parallel condensation collection components. A first valve 23 is installed on both the first branch pipe 21 and the second branch pipe 22. The two condensation collection components are respectively connected to a first gas collection component 6 and a second gas collection component 7. The two condensation collection components and the two gas collection components can simultaneously collect light hydrocarbons and gaseous components, respectively, to meet different research needs. For example, while one condensation collection component and its corresponding gas collection component are collecting light hydrocarbons and gaseous components, the other condensation collection component and its corresponding gas collection component can perform sampling analysis simultaneously. Thus, one set can primarily achieve the collection purpose, while the other set can perform sampling research during the collection process, thereby enabling the study of the light hydrocarbon components and gaseous components produced by the pyrolysis of crude oil samples at different time periods.

[0110] Furthermore, the collection unit of the condensation collection assembly includes a collection container 9 and a cooling jacket 10 disposed around the collection container 9. The cooling jacket 10 is connected to the refrigeration assembly 2 via a pipeline.

[0111] Specifically, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 4 As shown, the main body of the collection unit includes a collection container 9 and a cooling jacket 10 for cooling and insulating the collection container 9. The outer wall of the cooling jacket 10 is connected to multiple support plates 35 in the circumferential direction, which support the cooling jacket 10. The upper and lower parts of the cooling jacket 10 are respectively connected to the refrigeration assembly 2 through pipes, wherein the lower pipe is the input pipe and the upper pipe is the output pipe, that is, the refrigerant is input from the lower part and output from the upper part at the cooling jacket 10, which can prolong the residence time of the refrigerant in the cooling jacket 10. The cooling jacket 10 and the condenser jacket 85 are connected to the refrigeration assembly 2 in parallel, as shown in the figure. Figure 1 As shown; the input end 81 of the cooling jacket 10 and the condensing jacket 85 are connected in parallel to the refrigerant medium pipeline 14 of the refrigeration assembly 2, and the output end is connected in parallel to the return pipeline 15 of the refrigeration assembly 2. The main body of the collection container 9 is located in the cylindrical cooling jacket 10. The top of the collection container 9 is connected to the condensing end 84 of the condensing unit 8 through the liquid inlet pipe 38. The top of the collection container 9 is also equipped with a pressure relief pipe to balance the gas pressure inside and outside the collection container 9, ensuring that the liquid light hydrocarbons can smoothly enter the collection container 9. At the same time, a bracket 36 is provided on the support plate 35, located directly below the collection container 9. The bottom of the collection container 9 is located outside the cooling jacket 10 and is supported by the bracket 36. The bottom of the collection container 9 is also equipped with a liquid outlet pipe 37 with a valve.

[0112] Furthermore, the gas collection assembly includes an elastic airbag ball 11 disposed on the mounting base 39. The mounting base 39 is respectively provided with a gas collection pipe 40 and a sampling pipe 41 that are both connected to the elastic airbag ball 11. The gas collection pipe 40 is connected to the output end of the condensation unit 8 through a pipeline.

[0113] Specifically, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown in the attached figure, the gas collection assembly mainly consists of a mounting base 39 and an elastic airbag 11. The bottom of the elastic airbag 11 is sealed to the upper surface of the mounting base 39, and the lower surface of the mounting base 39 is provided with a gas collection pipe 40 and a sampling pipe 41 that communicate with the inside of the elastic airbag 11. Figure 3 As shown, the gas collecting pipe 40 is connected to the output end of the condensing unit 8 through a pipeline, and a valve is installed on the gas collecting pipe 40; a sampling nozzle is constructed on the pipe body of the sampling pipe 41, and a sampling control valve is installed at the bottom end of the pipe body. The rotation of the sampling control valve (which is threadedly engaged with the sampling pipe 41) can control the opening and closing of the sampling nozzle and the opening degree. The principle is that the sampling control valve changes the length of the part that extends into the sampling pipe 41 by rotating, thereby controlling the shielding and degree of shielding of the through hole at the position where the sampling nozzle and the sampling pipe 41 are connected.

[0114] In addition, the lower surface of the mounting base 39 is provided with a connecting part 42, which is constructed as a groove structure to cooperate with the support frame 12 of the experimental device to install the gas collection component. (See attached figure) Figure 3 As shown, one end of the support frame 12 is snapped into the groove structure of the connecting part 42, and the fastening connection is achieved by the fastening bolt 43 and the nut.

[0115] Furthermore, the heating assembly includes a heating chamber 4 with a top cover 27, which can accommodate the main body of the sample container 5. The neck of the sample container 5 passes through the top cover 27 and is located outside the heating chamber 4. A thermometer 31 is installed inside the heating chamber 4, a controller 29 is installed on the outer wall of the chamber, and an electric heating wire 30 is installed in the interlayer of the chamber. Both the thermometer 31 and the electric heating wire 30 are electrically connected to the controller 29.

[0116] Specifically, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the main body of the heating assembly is a box-shaped structure, including a heating chamber 4 and a top cover 27. The main body of the sample container 5 can be placed inside. The top cover 27 has an assembly opening for the neck of the sample container 5 to pass through. An electric heating wire 30 is installed in the interlayer of the heating chamber 4. A thermometer 31 for temperature detection is installed inside the heating chamber 4, and the thermometer 31 is electrically connected to a controller 29 on the outer wall of the heating chamber 4. The controller 29 is also electrically connected to the power supply circuit of the electric heating wire 30, allowing the operator to interactively control the start / stop of heating and the heating power. A pressure gauge 24 and an exhaust pipe 26 are installed on the neck of the sample container 5 outside the heating chamber 4, and a second valve 25 is installed on the exhaust pipe 26. Furthermore, an observation window 82 extending along the depth direction of the heating chamber 4 is provided on the side wall of the heating chamber 4 for observing the pyrolysis of the crude oil sample inside the sample container 5.

[0117] Furthermore, the top cover 27 includes a first cover and a second cover that are slidably fitted on the top opening of the heating box 4 and are opposite to each other. The first cover and the second cover are provided with magnetic suction members 34 and clearance notches 33 on the side of the first cover and the second cover that are close to each other. When the first cover and the second cover are joined together by magnetic suction members 34, the two clearance notches 33 surround the neck of the sample container 5.

[0118] Specifically, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 7 As shown, the top cover 27 consists of a first cover and a second cover that can move horizontally. Slide rails are provided on the two opposite side walls of the top opening of the heating chamber 4. The first and second covers slide against the slide rails on opposite sides, thus achieving horizontal opening and closing. The mounting opening on the top cover 27 is formed by two clearance notches 33 when the first and second covers are joined together. A magnetic element 34 is also provided on the side of the first and second covers that are close to each other, used to achieve mutual attraction between the first and second covers, maintaining the stability of the overall assembly as the top cover 27 when the heating chamber 4 is closed.

[0119] Example 4

[0120] In this embodiment, a rapid thermal simulation experiment was conducted on the Ordovician ultra-deep light crude oil SB71X and volatile crude oil SB1-5 in the Shunbei area of ​​the Tarim Basin using the crude oil cracking experimental device proposed in the above embodiments. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the experimental device of the present invention.

[0121] Experimental results show that under pyrolysis conditions with a heating rate of 50℃ / h, the light hydrocarbon component of crude oil samples increases rapidly after 450℃, reaching its peak at 500-520℃. The experimental setup yielded light hydrocarbon yields of 510.5 mg / g and 471.3 mg / g for two crude oil samples, respectively. In contrast, the traditional gold tube thermal simulation method for light hydrocarbon collection, which involves puncturing the gold tube to release gas and then recovering it via a freezing collection device, yields only 417.2 mg / g and 359.6 mg / g of light hydrocarbons. The crude oil cracking experimental setup proposed in this invention improves the recovery efficiency of light hydrocarbons in light crude oil SB71X by 22% and the recovery rate of light hydrocarbon components in volatile oil SB1-5 by 31%, demonstrating a significant improvement in light hydrocarbon recovery. Furthermore, all light hydrocarbons produced during crude oil cracking can be obtained in just 10 hours, 50% shorter than the gold tube thermal simulation experiment, greatly improving the collection efficiency of light hydrocarbon components during crude oil cracking.

[0122] Example 5

[0123] An embodiment of the present invention provides a crude oil cracking experimental system, which includes the crude oil cracking experimental apparatus described in the above embodiment.

[0124] Example 6

[0125] An embodiment of the present invention provides a crude oil cracking experimental method, applied to the crude oil cracking experimental apparatus of the above embodiments, which includes the following steps:

[0126] S100: After assembling the crude oil cracking experimental device, the heating component heats the sample container 5 containing the crude oil sample at a preset heating rate, and at the same time, the cooling component 2 is started to cool the condensation collection component.

[0127] S200: After the pressure inside the sample container 5 reaches the preset value, open the valve on the pipeline to allow the cracked gas generated by the heating of the crude oil sample to enter the condensation unit 8 of the condensation collection assembly.

[0128] S300: The light hydrocarbons in the cracked gas are condensed into liquid and flow from the condensation unit 8 into the collection unit of the condensation collection assembly for cold storage collection. The remaining gas in the cracked gas enters the gas collection assembly through the pipeline.

[0129] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "bottom", "top", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0130] While the invention has been described herein with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely examples of the principles and applications of the invention. Therefore, it should be understood that many modifications can be made to the exemplary embodiments, and other arrangements can be designed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that different dependent claims and features described herein can be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also understood that features described in conjunction with individual embodiments can be used in other described embodiments.

Claims

1. A crude oil cracking experimental apparatus, characterized in that, include: Heating assembly for heating a sample container holding a crude oil sample; A condensation and collection assembly includes a condensation unit and a collection unit. The condensation unit has a three-way structure, and its input and condensation ends are connected to the sample container and the collection unit respectively via pipes. A gas collection assembly is connected to the output of the condensation unit via a pipeline; The pipeline system formed by the sample container, the condensation collection component, and the gas collection component connected by pipelines is relatively closed to the outside world, and the height of any position on the pipeline path between the condensation unit and the gas collection component is not lower than its corresponding upstream position.

2. The crude oil cracking experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The condensation unit includes a condensation chamber constructed in an inverted triangle shape and a condensation sleeve fitted outside the condensation chamber. The input end, output end and condensation end are respectively located at the three vertices of the triangle, and the condensation end is located at the bottom of the condensation chamber. A refrigeration cavity is formed between the outer wall of the condensing jacket and the outer wall of the condensing chamber. The condensing jacket is provided with a medium inlet and a medium outlet that can be connected to the refrigeration cavity and the refrigeration assembly through a pipeline.

3. The crude oil cracking experimental apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The condensation chamber has multiple condensation sections on its body. Each condensation section is recessed inward relative to the outer wall of the condensation chamber to form a groove, and protrudes outward relative to the inner wall of the condensation chamber to form a protrusion.

4. The crude oil cracking experimental apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The condensation section is constructed on two opposite sides of the condensation chamber. Multiple condensation sections on each side are distributed sequentially in the vertical direction, and the condensation sections bulge outward from the inner wall of the condensation chamber at an angle downward.

5. The crude oil cracking experimental apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The condensation portion on one side corresponds vertically to the position between two adjacent condensation portions on the other side, and the condensation portions on the two sides have overlapping portions when projected onto the horizontal plane.

6. The crude oil cracking experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas collection assembly includes an elastic airbag ball disposed on a mounting base. The mounting base is respectively provided with a gas collection pipe and a sampling pipe that are both connected to the elastic airbag ball. The gas collection pipe is connected to the output end of the condensation unit through a pipeline.

7. The crude oil cracking experimental apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, It includes at least two of the said condensation collection components connected in parallel, each of the said condensation collection components being connected to one of the said gas collection components.

8. The crude oil cracking experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collection unit includes a collection container and a cooling jacket disposed around the collection container. The cooling jacket is connected to the refrigeration component via pipelines.

9. The crude oil cracking experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating assembly includes a heating chamber with a top cover, the heating chamber being able to accommodate the body of the sample container, the neck of the sample container passing through the top cover and located outside the heating chamber; The heating box is equipped with a thermometer inside, a controller on the outer wall of the box, and a heating wire in the interlayer of the box. The thermometer and the heating wire are both electrically connected to the controller.

10. The crude oil cracking experimental apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that, The top cover includes a first cover and a second cover that are slidably fitted on the top opening of the heating box and are opposite to each other. The first cover and the second cover are provided with magnetic suction and clearance notches on the side of the side that are close to each other. When the first cover and the second cover are joined together by the magnetic attraction, the two clearance notches surround the neck of the sample container.

11. The crude oil cracking experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The base assembly includes a base plate and an operating platform disposed above the base plate. The operating platform supports the heating component, the condensation collection component, and the gas collection component. The top surface of the base plate is provided with a lifting drive component that supports the operating platform, and the bottom surface of the base plate is provided with casters. The base plate and the operating table are also equipped with a lifting guide mechanism, which includes a guide cylinder and a guide column that cooperate with each other.

12. A crude oil cracking experimental system, characterized in that, Includes the crude oil cracking experimental apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. A crude oil cracking experimental method, applied to the crude oil cracking experimental apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: After assembling the crude oil cracking experimental device, the heating component heats the sample container containing the crude oil sample at a preset heating rate, while the cooling component is activated to cool the condensation collection component. After the pressure inside the sample container reaches a preset value, the valve on the pipeline is opened, allowing the cracked gas generated by the heating of the crude oil sample to enter the condensation unit of the condensation collection assembly. The light hydrocarbons in the cracked gas are condensed into liquid and flow from the condensation unit into the collection unit of the condensation collection assembly for cold storage and collection. The remaining gas in the cracked gas enters the gas collection assembly through pipelines.

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