Three-sleeve microchannel jet reactor

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-sleeve micro-channel jet reactor which effectively solves the problems that a high-viscosity mixing system is difficult to disperse and poor in mixing and heat exchange efficiency. In dispersing and mixing, a first middle pipe is provided with a plurality of first conical holes, fluid flows through the first conical holes to generate a jet effect, turbulent flow is enhanced, laminar flow of a high-viscosity system is broken, and mixing is promoted; a first arc-shaped flow guide plate on the outer wall of the first inner pipe guides first inner annular space fluid, changes a flow field, increases turbulence and shearing, and strengthens mixing. In the aspect of heat exchange, a three-sleeve structure is adopted, the first sleeve section and the second sleeve section are respectively provided with an inner pipe, a middle pipe, an outer pipe and corresponding annular gaps, the second inner pipe is communicated with the first inner pipe, and the second middle pipe is communicated with the first middle pipe, so that the inner annular gaps are communicated. The heat exchange area is increased through the multi-annular-gap structure, fluid can fully exchange heat when flowing in different annular gaps, convective heat transfer is enhanced through flowing of multiple strands of fluid, and then the overall heat exchange efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of microreactor technology and relates to a three-tube microchannel jet reactor. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of intensified chemical processes, technological innovation continues to drive improvements in industry efficiency and production capacity. Among these advancements, microchannel reactor technology, with its superior mass and heat transfer performance, is gradually replacing traditional batch reactors, becoming a favorite in fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and new material synthesis. This shift stems not only from the pursuit of more efficient and compact production processes but also from the demanding requirements of modern chemical production for precise control of reaction conditions. With advancements in science and technology and the diversification of market demands, the need for multi-stage, multiphase, and highly selective reactions is increasing dramatically. These complex reactions often require reactors with higher mixing efficiency, better mass and heat transfer performance, and greater operational flexibility. As a type of microchannel reactor, the microjet reactor achieves microscopic dispersion of fluids through the strong shear force generated by its high-speed jet, thus demonstrating a significant advantage in improving mixing efficiency.

[0003] However, while microjet reactors and existing single-stage and double-tube jet reactors perform well in specific scenarios, they still reveal many shortcomings when faced with increasingly complex reaction requirements. For high-viscosity or easily agglomerated materials, the single-dispersion-level jetting method often leads to uneven droplet or bubble size distribution, forming local mixing dead zones and severely affecting product homogeneity. In multiphase reactions, traditional jetting technology struggles to simultaneously optimize gas-phase dissolution, liquid-phase mass transfer, and solid-phase contact efficiency, thus limiting reaction selectivity and rate.

[0004] Furthermore, while existing shell-and-tube jet reactors have undergone geometric optimizations, such as shortening diffusion distances, increasing interfacial area, or utilizing vortices and jet oscillations to disrupt the laminar boundary layer, these improvements have not completely solved all problems. Single-jet mixing cannot meet the demands of complex reactions requiring stepwise feeding in terms of time and space; the introduction of third-phase materials is difficult and easily leads to flow field disturbances and uneven mixing; for reactions sensitive to the concentration of key components, the double-shell structure struggles to maintain a smooth concentration distribution, easily causing localized overheating or decreased selectivity; and in high-viscosity systems, the dispersion and mixing of materials face even greater challenges.

[0005] In conclusion, while microchannel reactor technology has brought new possibilities for the intensification of chemical processes, existing technologies still have many limitations in addressing complex reaction requirements. In the future, further technological innovation and optimization are needed to meet the urgent needs of modern chemical production for efficient, flexible, and controllable reactors. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a three-tube microchannel jet reaction system, thereby solving the technical problems of poor dispersion, mixing efficiency, and heat exchange efficiency of the existing dual-tube microjet reactor for high-viscosity mixed systems. At the same time, the present invention also solves the technical problem of difficulty in introducing a third phase.

[0007] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A three-tube microchannel jet reactor, comprising a first tube section and a second tube section; The first sleeve section includes a first inner tube, a first middle tube, and a first outer tube coaxially sleeved from the inside to the outside; a first inner annular gap is formed between the first inner tube and the first middle tube; a first outer annular gap is formed between the first middle tube and the first outer tube; The first middle tube is provided with a plurality of first conical holes; the outer wall of the first inner tube is provided with a plurality of first arc-shaped guide plates; The second casing section includes a second inner tube, a second middle tube, and a second outer tube; a second inner annular gap is formed between the second inner tube and the second middle tube; a second outer annular gap is formed between the second middle tube and the second outer tube; The second inner tube is connected to the first inner tube, and the second middle tube is connected to the first middle tube, so that the first inner annular gap is connected to the second inner annular gap.

[0008] Preferably, the first central tube includes a first tube body, a second tube body, a third tube body, a fourth tube body, a fifth tube body, and a sixth tube body connected in sequence; the first tube body, the second tube body, the third tube body, the fourth tube body, the fifth tube body, and the sixth tube body can be integrally formed; the cross-section of the second tube body along its axial direction is trapezoidal, and the inner diameter of the second tube body gradually decreases from the end connected to the first tube body to the end connected to the third tube body; the cross-section of the fourth tube body along its axial direction is trapezoidal, and the inner diameter of the fourth tube body gradually increases from the end connected to the third tube body to the end connected to the fifth tube body.

[0009] Preferably, the sixth tube is trumpet-shaped, and the end of the first inner tube that connects to the second inner tube is also trumpet-shaped.

[0010] Preferably, the first arc-shaped guide plate is disposed in the region that coincides with the axial position of the fourth and fifth pipe bodies.

[0011] Preferably, the first conical hole is disposed on the outer wall of the third tube.

[0012] Preferably, a number of second arc-shaped guide plates are provided on the outer walls of the fourth and fifth tubes.

[0013] Preferably, spiral guide plates are provided in the regions near the inner and outer walls of the second inner tube and the regions near the inner and outer walls of the second middle tube.

[0014] Preferably, the outer wall of the second inner tube is corrugated.

[0015] Preferably, the first inner tube is provided with a plurality of second conical holes, the axial positions of the second conical holes and the first conical holes coincide.

[0016] Preferably, the second middle tube is provided with several third conical holes.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: This invention provides a three-tube microchannel jet reactor that effectively improves upon the problems of poor dispersion, mixing efficiency, and heat exchange efficiency in high-viscosity mixed systems in existing technologies. Regarding dispersion and mixing, the first inner tube is provided with several first conical orifices. When fluid flows through these orifices, the special shape of the orifices generates a jet effect, causing the fluid to be ejected at high speed, enhancing the turbulence of the fluid, helping to break the laminar flow state of the high-viscosity system, promoting the dispersion and mixing of different components, and improving mixing efficiency. Simultaneously, several first arc-shaped guide plates are provided on the outer wall of the first inner tube, which guide the flow direction of the fluid in the first inner annular gap, changing the flow field distribution of the fluid, further increasing the turbulence and shearing effect of the fluid, causing the high-viscosity fluid to be continuously divided and recombined during the flow process, thus strengthening the mixing effect. Regarding heat exchange efficiency, the reactor employs a three-tube structure. The first tube section consists of a first inner tube, a first middle tube, and a first outer tube coaxially arranged from the inside out, forming a first inner annulus and a first outer annulus. The second tube section similarly includes a second inner tube, a second middle tube, and a second outer tube, along with corresponding second inner and second outer annulus gaps. The second inner tube is connected to the first inner tube, and the second middle tube is connected to the first middle tube, thus connecting the first and second inner annulus gaps. This multi-annulus structure increases the heat exchange area, allowing for thorough heat exchange with the tube walls as the fluid flows through different annulus gaps. Simultaneously, the flow of multiple fluid streams enhances convective heat transfer, thereby improving the overall heat exchange efficiency and effectively solving the problems of difficult dispersion, poor mixing efficiency, and inefficient heat exchange in existing technologies for high-viscosity mixed systems.

[0018] Furthermore, the first intermediate pipe includes a first pipe body, a second pipe body, a third pipe body, a fourth pipe body, a fifth pipe body, and a sixth pipe body connected in sequence; the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth pipe bodies can be integrally formed; the second pipe body has a trapezoidal cross-section along its axial direction, and its inner diameter gradually decreases from the end connected to the first pipe body to the end connected to the third pipe body; the fourth pipe body has a trapezoidal cross-section along its axial direction, and its inner diameter gradually increases from the end connected to the third pipe body to the end connected to the fifth pipe body. The first intermediate pipe is divided into multiple pipe bodies that can be integrally formed, making the structure more flexible and easier to manufacture. The gradually decreasing inner diameter of the second pipe body allows the fluid velocity to gradually increase as it flows through, enhancing the fluid's kinetic energy and turbulence; the gradually increasing inner diameter of the fourth pipe body reduces the fluid velocity, generating pressure changes, which, in conjunction with the second pipe body, form a pressure gradient, further enhancing the fluid's turbulence and mixing effect, and contributing to the dispersion and mixing of high-viscosity systems.

[0019] Furthermore, the sixth tube is funnel-shaped, which guides fluid diffusion, allowing the fluid to enter the subsequent flow channels more evenly and expanding the fluid's effective range. The end of the first inner tube that connects to the second inner tube is also funnel-shaped, facilitating a smooth transition of fluid when the two tubes are connected, reducing fluid flow resistance, ensuring stable fluid flow, and improving the overall performance of the reactor.

[0020] Furthermore, the first arc-shaped guide plate is set in the region that coincides with the axial position of the fourth and fifth tubes. It can guide and adjust the special flow field of the fluid in this region caused by the change in the inner diameter of the fourth tube, enhance the turbulence and shearing effect of the fluid in the specific region, and further optimize the mixing effect of the high viscosity fluid.

[0021] Furthermore, the first conical hole is set on the outer wall of the third tube body, which is located in the middle of the first tube. The conical hole here can generate a jet effect in the appropriate flow stage of the fluid, effectively breaking the laminar flow state of the fluid, enhancing the turbulence of the fluid, promoting the mixing of different components, and improving the mixing efficiency.

[0022] Furthermore, several second arc-shaped guide plates are provided on the outer walls of the fourth and fifth tubes, which can guide the flow direction of the fluid near the outer wall, increase the relative motion between the fluid and the tube wall, enhance the convective heat transfer effect, and further enhance the turbulence of the fluid, which helps the mixing and heat exchange of high-viscosity fluids.

[0023] Furthermore, spiral guide plates are provided in the areas near the inner and outer walls of the second inner tube, as well as in the areas near the inner and outer walls of the second middle tube. These plates enable the fluid to generate spiral motion during flow, increasing the flow path and turbulence, enhancing the mixing effect of the fluid, and simultaneously enhancing convective heat transfer, improving heat exchange efficiency, and improving the mixing and heat exchange performance of high-viscosity systems.

[0024] Furthermore, the outer wall of the second inner tube is corrugated, which increases the surface area of ​​the outer wall. When the fluid flows through, the contact area between the fluid and the tube wall increases, which is beneficial for heat transfer and improves heat exchange efficiency. At the same time, the corrugated structure can generate local turbulence, enhance the relative motion between the fluid and the tube wall, and further enhance the heat exchange and mixing effect.

[0025] Furthermore, the first inner tube is provided with several second conical holes, the axial positions of which coincide with those of the first conical holes, effectively enabling the introduction of the third phase reaction liquid.

[0026] Furthermore, the second central tube is provided with several third conical holes to effectively introduce the third phase reaction liquid. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a front view of a three-tube microchannel jet reactor according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a left view of a three-tube microchannel jet reactor according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the first pipe section in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral guide plate arrangement in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the second arc-shaped guide plate in this invention; Figure 6 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the second arc-shaped guide plate in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-tube perforated structure for introducing a third phase into a three-tube microchannel jet reactor according to the present invention.

[0029] Wherein: 1. First sleeve section; 11. First inner tube; 12. First middle tube; 13. First outer tube; 111. First arc-shaped guide plate; 112. First working fluid flow port; 121. First conical orifice; 122. Second arc-shaped guide plate; 123. Second working fluid flow port; 131. Third working fluid flow port; 132. Fourth working fluid flow port; 14. First inner annular gap; 15. First outer annular gap; 2. Second sleeve section; 21. Second inner tube; 22. 23. Second inner tube; 211. Fifth working medium flow port; 221. Sixth working medium flow port; 231. Seventh working medium flow port; 232. Eighth working medium flow port; 24. Second inner annular gap; 25. Second outer annular gap; 3. Spiral guide plate; 41. First tube body; 42. Second tube body; 43. Third tube body; 44. Fourth tube body; 45. Fifth tube body; 46. Sixth tube body; 113. Second conical hole; 222. Third conical hole. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0031] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0032] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "horizontal," or "inner" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0034] Furthermore, the use of the term "horizontal" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0035] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0036] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: Example 1 like Figures 1-3 As shown, the present invention discloses a three-tube microchannel jet reactor, including a first tube section 1 and a second tube section 2; The first sleeve section 1 includes a first inner tube 11, a first middle tube 12 and a first outer tube 13 coaxially sleeved from the inside to the outside; a first inner annular gap 14 is formed between the first inner tube 11 and the first middle tube 12; a first outer annular gap 15 is formed between the first middle tube 12 and the first outer tube 13; The first middle tube 12 is provided with a plurality of first conical holes 121; the outer wall of the first inner tube 11 is provided with a plurality of first arc-shaped guide plates 111. The arrangement of the first arc-shaped guide plates 111 here will cause the working fluid to undergo secondary backflow and further mix; more preferably, the arrangement of the first arc-shaped guide plates 111 on the outer wall of the first inner tube 11 is not uniform, so that the liquid generates a low-pressure vortex at this moment, and fully mixes the materials. The second sleeve section 2 includes a second inner tube 21, a second middle tube 22 and a second outer tube 23; a second inner annular gap 24 is formed between the second inner tube 21 and the second middle tube 22; a second outer annular gap 25 is formed between the second middle tube 22 and the second outer tube 23.

[0037] The second inner tube 21 is connected to the first inner tube 11, and the second middle tube 22 is connected to the first middle tube 12, so that the first inner annular gap 14 and the second inner annular gap 24 are connected.

[0038] Specifically, the working fluid flow ports are configured as follows: The top of the first inner tube 11 has a first working fluid flow port 112; the top of the first inner annular gap 14 has a second working fluid flow port 123; the top of the first outer annular gap 15 has a third working fluid flow port 131; the bottom of the first outer tube 13 has a fourth working fluid flow port 132; the bottom of the second inner tube 21 is connected to a fifth working fluid flow port 211; the bottom of the second inner annular gap 24, i.e., the free end of the second inner annular gap 24, has a sixth working fluid flow port 221; the bottom of the second outer tube 23 has a seventh working fluid flow port 231; and the top of the second outer tube 23 has an eighth working fluid flow port 232. These working fluid flow ports can be used in combination to achieve mixing of reactants and temperature control.

[0039] In this embodiment, by using two sets of three-tubes in combination, when the two-phase reactants are mixed, the second working fluid inlet 123 serves as the inlet for reactant one, the third working fluid inlet 131 serves as the inlet for reactant two, the fifth working fluid inlet 211 and the seventh working fluid inlet 231 serve as the inlets for the condensing medium, and the first working fluid inlet 112 and the eighth working fluid inlet 232 serve as the outlets for the condensing medium. During use, reactant one is introduced through the second working fluid inlet 123, and reactant two is introduced through the third working fluid inlet 131. Reactant two is further jetted into the first inner annular gap 14 through the first conical hole 121 set on the first middle tube 12, and mixed with reactant one in the first inner annular gap 14. After mixing, it enters the second inner annular gap 24 after being turbulent by the first arc-shaped guide plate 111 set on the first inner tube 11 to ensure uniform mixing. After the reaction, the reaction product flows out from the sixth working fluid inlet 221.

[0040] In a further preferred embodiment, the outer wall of the second inner tube 21 is corrugated. The corrugated outer wall can create a turbulent effect, enhance mixing, and effectively improve the mixing effect between reactant one and reactant two.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the end of the first inner tube 11 connected to the second inner tube 21 is funnel-shaped. The end of the first middle tube 12 connected to the second middle tube 22 is also funnel-shaped. The funnel-shaped structure can generate secondary reflux of the reactants and prevent the formation of dead zones.

[0042] The second inner tube 21 is connected to the first inner tube 11, that is, the top of the second inner tube 21 is connected to the bottom flared arc edge of the first inner tube 11; the second middle tube 22 is connected to the first middle tube 12, that is, the top of the second middle tube 22 is connected to the bottom flared arc edge of the first middle tube 12; so that the first inner annular gap 14 and the second inner annular gap 24 are connected, the two free ends of the first outer annular gap 15 are sealed, and the two free ends of the second outer annular gap 25 are sealed.

[0043] More preferably, the angle between the first conical orifice 121 and the wall of the first intermediate tube 12 is 45° to 75°, and the inner diameter of the first conical orifice 121 is 0.1 to 1 mm. The uneven distribution of the first conical orifice 121 enhances the jetting effect. The 45° angle between the conical orifice and the tube wall balances shear and energy consumption. The 0.1 to 1 mm inner diameter within this range maintains sufficient pressure and velocity for the fluid jet. The combination of the unevenly distributed conical orifice and the variable diameter tube creates shear vortices in the jetting region, which enhances the jet velocity, reduces clogging of high-viscosity systems, and improves the mixing uniformity of the reactants.

[0044] Example 2 like Figure 4 As shown, furthermore, several spiral guide plates 3 are provided in the second inner annular gap 24 near the outer wall of the second inner tube 21 and the inner wall of the second middle tube 22; similarly, several spiral guide plates 3 are also provided in the second outer annular gap 25 near the outer wall of the second middle tube 22. Simultaneously, several spiral guide plates 3 are also provided in the area near the inner wall of the second inner tube 21; that is, spiral guide plates 3 are provided in the areas near the inner and outer walls of the second inner tube 21, and in the areas near the inner and outer walls of the second middle tube 22. The arrangement of these spiral guide plates 3 effectively improves the mixing effect of the reactants and promptly transfers the heat of reaction, enhancing the heat exchange effect around the hot and cold tubes.

[0045] A three-tube microchannel jet reactor, comprising a second inner tube 21, a second inner annular gap 24, and a second outer annular gap 25, and including a spiral guide plate 3, was selected for implementation. Reactant 1 was added to the reactor through the second working fluid inlet 123 at the top of the first inner annular gap 14. Reactant 2 was added to the reactor through the third working fluid inlet 131 at the top of the first outer annular gap 15. Reactant 2 was jetted into the first inner annular gap 14 through several first conical holes 121 on the outer wall of the first middle tube 12, where it mixed with reactant 1. The mixture in the first inner annular gap 14 underwent secondary backflow after passing through the first arc-shaped guide plate 111 on the outer wall of the first inner tube 11, further mixing. The mixture flowed downwards into the connected second inner annular gap 24. Under the action of the corrugated outer wall of the second inner tube 21, the mixture experienced turbulence. Finally, it flowed out through the sixth working fluid inlet 221 at the bottom of the second inner annular gap 24. Because the reaction generates a large amount of heat, condensate is provided in the first inner tube 11, the second inner tube 21, and the second outer annulus 25. The spiral guide plates 3 distributed in the second inner tube 21, the second inner annulus 24, and the second outer annulus 25 accelerate heat transfer. The results show that, compared with a three-tube microchannel jet reactor under the same experimental conditions, the three-tube microchannel jet reactor containing the spiral guide plates 3 significantly improves the efficiency of heat conversion, provides the necessary conditions for stable reaction, and also enhances the safety of the reactor.

[0046] Example 3 In a preferred embodiment, the first inner pipe 11 and the first outer pipe 13 are both straight pipes, and the first middle pipe 12 is a reducing pipe. The first middle pipe 12 includes a first pipe body 41, a second pipe body 42, a third pipe body 43, a fourth pipe body 44, a fifth pipe body 45, and a sixth pipe body 46 connected in sequence. The first pipe body 41, the second pipe body 42, the third pipe body 43, the fourth pipe body 44, the fifth pipe body 45, and the sixth pipe body 46 can be integrally formed. The second pipe body 42 has a trapezoidal cross-section along its axial direction, and its inner diameter gradually decreases from the end connected to the first pipe body 41 to the end connected to the third pipe body 43. The fourth pipe body 44 has a trapezoidal cross-section along its axial direction, and its inner diameter gradually increases from the end connected to the third pipe body 43 to the end connected to the fifth pipe body 45. The first intermediate tube 12 has a dumbbell-like structure; and the bottom end of the first intermediate tube 12 is trumpet-shaped, meaning that the inner diameter of the sixth tube 46 gradually increases from its end along with the fifth tube 45 to its free end. The inner diameter of the first intermediate tube 12 is 0.2~0.5 mm, within which the jet effect of the variable diameter tube is optimal.

[0047] Here, the first intermediate pipe 12 is configured as a reducing pipe, and the second pipe body 42 and the fourth pipe body 44 have an angle of 18~28° with the axial direction. The reducing pipe design can form shear layer vortices in the first inner annular gap, enhancing the mixing effect. The 18~28° angle with the circumferential direction avoids both energy loss and insufficient acceleration kinetic energy. The 18~28° angle between the reducing pipe and the axial direction provides appropriate pressure for the system within the first inner annular gap, providing sufficient power for the dispersion of high-viscosity fluids, ensuring uniform dispersion of high-viscosity fluids, while also ensuring the dissipation of excess energy.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the first arc-shaped guide plate 111 is disposed in the region that coincides with the axial position of the fourth tube 44 and the fifth tube 45.

[0049] A number of first conical holes 121 are provided on the outer wall of the third tube 43, and the number of first conical holes 121 are evenly distributed in the area.

[0050] A three-tube microchannel jet reactor with a variable-diameter first tube 22 was selected for implementation. Reactant 1 was added to the reactor through the second working fluid inlet 123 at the top of the first inner annulus 14. Reactant 2 was added to the reactor through the third working fluid inlet 131 at the top of the first outer annulus 15. Reactant 2 was jetted into the first inner annulus 14 through the first conical orifice 121 on the first tube 12 and mixed with reactant 1. Due to the variable diameter of the first tube 12 and the uneven distribution of the first conical orifices 121, a low-pressure vortex was formed in the smallest inner diameter region, thoroughly mixing the materials. The mixture within the first inner annulus 14 underwent secondary backflow through the first arc-shaped guide plate 111 on the outer wall of the first inner tube 11, further mixing. The mixture flowed downwards into the connected second inner annulus 24. Under the action of the corrugated outer wall of the second inner tube 21, the mixture experienced turbulence. Finally, it flowed out through the sixth working fluid inlet 221 at the bottom of the second inner annulus 24. The results show that, compared with a three-tube microchannel jet reactor under the same experimental conditions, the three-tube microchannel jet reactor containing a variable diameter tube enhances the jetting effect, improves material mixing, and reduces the probability of clogging of high-viscosity fluids.

[0051] Example 4 like Figures 5-6 As shown, more preferably, the outer wall of the first middle pipe 12 is provided with a plurality of second arc-shaped guide plates 122. Preferably, the second arc-shaped guide plates 122 are provided on the outer walls of the fourth pipe body 44 and the fifth pipe body 45; the plurality of second arc-shaped guide plates 122 are evenly arranged on the outer walls of the fourth pipe body 44 and the fifth pipe body 45. The surface area of ​​the second arc-shaped guide plate 122 is greater than the surface area of ​​the first arc-shaped guide plate 111.

[0052] Example 5 like Figure 7 As shown, in order to facilitate the introduction of the third phase working fluid, the present invention is more preferably provided with a plurality of second conical holes 113 on the first inner tube 11 or a plurality of third conical holes 222 on the second middle tube 22.

[0053] When a plurality of second conical holes 113 are provided on the first inner tube 11, the first working fluid inlet 112, the second working fluid inlet 123 and the third working fluid inlet 131 are respectively used as the inlets for reactant one, reactant two and reactant three. Reactant one enters the first inner tube 11 through the first working fluid inlet 112, reactant two enters the interior of the first inner tube 11 through the second conical holes 113 provided on the first inner tube 11, and reactant three enters the interior of the first inner tube 11 in sequence through the third working fluid inlet 131, the first conical hole 121 and the second conical hole 113, thereby achieving the mixing of the three reactants.

[0054] When several third conical holes 222 are provided on the second central tube 22, the second working fluid inlet 123, the third working fluid inlet 131, and the third conical hole 222 are respectively used as the inlets and outlets for reactant one, reactant two, and reactant three. Reactant one enters the first inner annular gap 14 through the second working fluid inlet 123, and reactant two enters the first inner annular gap 14 through the third working fluid inlet 131 and the first conical hole 121. Reactant one and reactant two continue to flow downward in the first inner annular gap 14 and enter the second inner annular gap 24. Then reactant three enters the second inner annular gap 24 through the third conical hole 222 and mixes with reactant one and reactant two to achieve mixing of the three reactants. In addition, the fifth working fluid inlet 211 and the first working fluid inlet 112 can be used as the inlet and outlet of the condensing working fluid to achieve temperature control during the reaction of the three reactants in the second inner annular gap 24.

[0055] This invention combines three-tube microchannel technology and microjet technology to propose a three-tube microchannel jet reactor. Compared with traditional microchannel reactors, the mixing efficiency is significantly improved. Traditional microchannel reactors rely on molecular diffusion or laminar shear mixing, which is insufficient for high-viscosity fluids or rapid reactions. The microchannel jet reactor generates high-intensity turbulence through microjet flow, achieving millisecond-level high-efficiency mixing. The heat transfer coefficient can reach 2-5 times that of traditional designs, effectively controlling the temperature of strongly exothermic reactions. By adjusting the jet velocity, the mixing sequence and residence time can be precisely controlled, avoiding side reactions. The high shear force of the microjet can break up particles or bubbles, reducing the risk of microchannel blockage. Compared with dual-tube microchannel jet reactors, multi-stage control is possible, and axial temperature gradient control of the reaction channel can be achieved.

[0056] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-tube microchannel jet reactor, characterized in that, Including the first pipe section (1) and the second pipe section (2); The first sleeve section (1) includes a first inner tube (11), a first middle tube (12) and a first outer tube (13) coaxially sleeved from the inside to the outside; a first inner annular gap (14) is formed between the first inner tube (11) and the first middle tube (12); a first outer annular gap (15) is formed between the first middle tube (12) and the first outer tube (13). The first middle tube (12) is provided with a plurality of first conical holes (121); the outer wall of the first inner tube (11) is provided with a plurality of first arc-shaped guide plates (111). The second sleeve section (2) includes a second inner tube (21), a second middle tube (22) and a second outer tube (23); a second inner annular gap (24) is formed between the second inner tube (21) and the second middle tube (22); a second outer annular gap (25) is formed between the second middle tube (22) and the second outer tube (23). The second inner tube (21) is connected to the first inner tube (11), and the second middle tube (22) is connected to the first middle tube (12), so that the first inner annular gap (14) and the second inner annular gap (24) are connected.

2. The three-tube microchannel jet reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first central tube (12) includes a first tube body (41), a second tube body (42), a third tube body (43), a fourth tube body (44), a fifth tube body (45), and a sixth tube body (46) connected in sequence; the first tube body (41), the second tube body (42), the third tube body (43), the fourth tube body (44), the fifth tube body (45), and the sixth tube body (46) can be integrally arranged; the second tube body (42) has a trapezoidal cross section along its axial direction, and the inner diameter of the second tube body (42) gradually decreases from the end connected to the first tube body (41) to the end connected to the third tube body (43); the fourth tube body (44) has a trapezoidal cross section along its axial direction, and the inner diameter of the fourth tube body (44) gradually increases from the end connected to the third tube body (43) to the end connected to the fifth tube body (45).

3. A three-tube microchannel jet reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sixth tube (46) is trumpet-shaped, and the end of the first inner tube (11) connected to the second inner tube (21) is also trumpet-shaped.

4. A three-tube microchannel jet reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first arc-shaped guide plate (111) is located in the area where it coincides with the axial position of the fourth tube (44) and the fifth tube (45).

5. A three-tube microchannel jet reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first conical hole (121) is located on the outer wall of the third tube (43).

6. A three-tube microchannel jet reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that, Several second arc-shaped guide plates (122) are provided on the outer walls of the fourth tube (44) and the fifth tube (45).

7. A three-tube microchannel jet reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, Spiral guide plates (3) are provided in the areas near the inner and outer walls of the second inner tube (21) and the areas near the inner and outer walls of the second middle tube (22).

8. A three-tube microchannel jet reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the second inner tube (21) is corrugated.

9. A three-tube microchannel jet reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first inner tube (11) is provided with a plurality of second conical holes (113), the axial positions of the second conical holes (113) and the first conical holes (121) coincide.

10. A three-tube microchannel jet reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second middle tube (22) is provided with several third conical holes (222).

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