Rapid laser cladding / heat treatment device for outer contour morphology based on part cross section

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to a quick laser cladding / heat treatment device based on outer contour morphology of a part cross section, which comprises a spray head assembly and a conical cover fixedly connected to one side of the spray head assembly, a light beam regulation and control assembly is arranged on the inner side of the spray head assembly, and after a spray head laser beam is acted by the light beam regulation and control assembly, the spray head laser beam is subjected to laser cladding. And a processing light beam wrapping the outer contour of the processed workpiece is formed, and the moving direction of the spray head assembly is kept coaxial with the axis of the processed workpiece. According to the laser cladding device, through cooperation of the spray head assembly, the conical cover body, the powder feeding assembly and the light beam regulation and control assembly, laser can be accurately gathered on the surface of a workpiece by a circle, the laser cladding efficiency of the surface of the workpiece is remarkably improved, and the uniformity of the size of a cladding layer can be effectively guaranteed; and meanwhile, the additional debugging step of traditional workpiece rotation parameters is reduced, the process preparation complexity is reduced, and the cladding efficiency is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser processing technology, and more specifically to a rapid laser cladding / heat treatment apparatus based on the outer contour morphology of a part's cross-section. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, laser cladding-related processes or devices are disclosed in several patents, including CN106444049A (laser broadband cladding device), CN105562951A (a laser internal wire feeding device for laser cladding), CN107627002A (laser cladding device), CN107217257A (laser cladding device), and CN106583726A (laser multi-beam cladding device). However, in practical applications, these patents still face significant technical bottlenecks in laser cladding repair and laser heat treatment of parts with different cross-sectional shapes, severely restricting processing efficiency and quality stability. Specific problems are as follows: Addressing the shortcomings of laser cladding repair technology on outer contour surfaces: 1. When performing laser cladding repair on the surface of cylindrical parts, the cylindrical part needs to be driven to rotate around its axis, while the cladding nozzle scans along the axis of the cylindrical part. During the scanning process, it is crucial to ensure that the axial scanning rate of the cladding nozzle matches the rotational speed of the cylindrical part to obtain a high-quality cladding layer. However, due to the large number of process parameters involved in the cladding process, extensive experimental optimization is required to determine the optimal combination window of process parameters in order to achieve the preparation of a high-quality cladding layer. Consequently, the optimization through numerous experiments indirectly affects the cladding efficiency.

[0003] 2. When performing laser cladding repair on parts with a square cross-section, in addition to the same technical issues as those for cylindrical parts, the square part's rotation radius differs from that of a circular part (the radius of rotation for a circular part is constant, while the radius of rotation for a square part changes dynamically with the rotation angle). Therefore, the position of the cladding nozzle needs to be adjusted accordingly to change the rotation radius. Compared to the scenario where only process parameters need to be adjusted, this scenario presents additional technical challenges: the distance between the cladding nozzle and the outer contour surface of the square part needs to be simultaneously optimized and adjusted based on its rotation state to ensure a constant laser spot size and thus ensure the quality of the cladding layer. Therefore, obtaining a high-quality cladding layer for square parts requires more process parameter adjustments and iterations, severely impacting cladding efficiency and even repair quality.

[0004] Addressing the defects of heat treatment processes (quenching, annealing, tempering, etc.) on the outer contour surface: 1. When performing laser heat treatment on the surface of a cylindrical part, the part needs to be driven to rotate around its axis, while the heat treatment laser head scans along the axis of the part. During the scanning process, the axial scanning rate of the laser head must match the rotational speed of the cylindrical part to meet the heat treatment requirements. However, since the heat treatment process involves a large number of process parameters, extensive experimental optimization is required to determine the optimal combination of these parameters to achieve a high-quality heat-treated surface. Consequently, the optimization through numerous experiments indirectly affects the heat treatment efficiency.

[0005] 2. When performing laser heat treatment on parts with a square cross-section, in addition to the same technical problems as those for cylindrical parts, the square part's rotation radius differs from that of a circular part (the radius of rotation of a circular part is constant, while the radius of rotation of a square part changes dynamically with the rotation angle). Therefore, the position of the heat treatment laser head needs to be adjusted accordingly to change the rotation radius. Compared to the scenario where only process parameters need to be adjusted, this scenario presents additional technical challenges: the distance between the heat treatment laser head and the outer contour surface of the square part needs to be simultaneously optimized and adjusted according to the rotation state of the square part to ensure a constant spot size and thus ensure heat treatment quality. Therefore, obtaining a high-quality heat-treated surface for square parts requires more process parameter adjustments and cycles, severely affecting heat treatment efficiency and even heat treatment quality.

[0006] In summary, existing technologies for laser cladding repair and laser heat treatment of parts with different cross-sections suffer from problems such as complex parameter optimization, difficulty in motion control, low efficiency, and poor quality stability. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides a rapid laser cladding / heat treatment apparatus based on the outer contour morphology of a part's cross-section, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A rapid laser cladding / heat treatment device based on the outer contour morphology of the cross-section of a part includes a nozzle assembly and a conical cover fixedly connected to one side of the nozzle assembly. A beam control component is provided on the inner side of the nozzle assembly. After the laser beam from the nozzle is controlled by the beam control component, it forms a processing beam that wraps around the outer contour of the workpiece being processed. The movement direction of the nozzle assembly is coaxial with the axis of the workpiece being processed.

[0009] Preferably, the rapid laser cladding / heat treatment device based on the outer contour morphology of the part cross section further includes a powder feeding assembly disposed on the outer surface of the conical cover, wherein the processing beam and the powder beam exiting from the powder feeding assembly are coaxially arranged, and the powder conveying direction of the powder feeding assembly is consistent with the exit direction of the processing beam.

[0010] Preferably, the conical cover is a round-mouth conical cover, and the powder feeding assembly includes a round-mouth powder feeding component adapted to the outer periphery of the round-mouth conical cover and a plurality of first conveying pipes connected to the round-mouth powder feeding component, wherein the round-mouth powder feeding component and the round-mouth conical cover are coaxially arranged.

[0011] Preferably, the beam control assembly includes a first convex lens, a conical lens, and a parabolic lens disposed within the nozzle assembly. The laser beam emitted by the collimator device passes sequentially through the first convex lens, the conical lens, and the parabolic lens, and is coaxially arranged with the powder beam emitted from the circular powder feeding device.

[0012] Preferably, the conical cover is a square-mouth conical cover, and the powder feeding assembly includes a square-mouth powder feeding component adapted to the outer periphery of the square-mouth conical cover and a plurality of second conveying pipes connected to the square-mouth powder feeding component, wherein the square-mouth powder feeding component and the square-mouth conical cover are concentrically arranged.

[0013] Preferably, the square-mouth powder feeding component consists of four single square-mouth components, and each single square-mouth component is connected to a second conveying pipe.

[0014] Preferably, the beam control assembly includes a second convex lens, a beam splitter, and multiple reflectors disposed within the nozzle assembly. The laser beam emitted by the collimator device passes sequentially through the second convex lens, the beam splitter, and the multiple reflectors, and is then coaxially arranged with the powder beam emitted from the circular powder feeder.

[0015] Preferably, the beam splitter is in the shape of a square pyramid, and four reflectors are provided, with each of the four reflectors corresponding to one of the four mirror surfaces of the square pyramid beam splitter.

[0016] Preferably, the nozzle assembly is connected to a drive assembly via a bracket. The drive assembly is used to drive the nozzle assembly to move along the axial direction of the workpiece being processed. The drive assembly includes a base plate, a motor fixedly mounted on the base plate, a lead screw fixedly connected to the output end of the base plate, and a cover plate threaded to the surface of the lead screw. The bottom of the cover plate is slidably connected to the base plate, and the bracket is fixedly mounted on the top of the cover plate.

[0017] Preferably, the bottom of the cover plate is provided with a threaded groove, the cover plate is threadedly connected to the lead screw through the threaded groove, and the bottom of the cover plate is provided with two dovetail grooves symmetrically arranged with the threaded groove as the axis of symmetry, the cover plate slides on the slide rail of the base plate through the dovetail grooves.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows: In this invention, the focusing area of ​​the optical path system completely surrounds the surface of a circular or square workpiece, and the powder beam remains coaxial with the focusing optical path. Furthermore, it offers the following core advantages for both laser cladding and laser heat treatment processes: I. Advantages of Laser Cladding Technology 1. No additional workpiece rotation device is required, and laser cladding of the workpiece surface can be achieved directly; at the same time, the additional debugging step of workpiece rotation parameters is reduced, the complexity of process preparation is reduced, and the cladding efficiency is further improved.

[0019] 2. The laser beam focusing area can cover the entire circumference of a circular or square workpiece surface in one go, eliminating the need for the workpiece to rotate once to complete the cladding of a ring-shaped area on the workpiece surface, as is the case with traditional processes. This significantly reduces the cladding time on the workpiece surface and improves efficiency considerably.

[0020] 3. By first cutting the powder, allowing the laser beam to wrap around the surface of the round or square part for preheating, and then starting the powder beam to deliver the powder to the molten pool, the preheating optimizes the bonding performance of the cladding layer and avoids the quality fluctuations of traditional rotating cladding, thus achieving a dual improvement in efficiency and quality.

[0021] II. Advantages of Laser Heat Treatment Process 1. No workpiece rotation device is required, and laser heat treatment of the workpiece surface can be achieved directly; at the same time, the extra debugging steps of workpiece rotation parameters are eliminated, reducing process preparation time and improving the overall efficiency of heat treatment process.

[0022] 2. The laser beam focusing area can cover the entire circumference of the circular / square workpiece surface, eliminating the need to wait for the workpiece to rotate once before heat treatment of the circumference surface, as is the case with traditional processes. Furthermore, the processing efficiency of this invention for the entire circumference of the part surface is significantly improved compared to traditional solutions.

[0023] In summary, this invention, through the cooperation of the nozzle assembly, conical cover, powder feeding assembly, and beam control assembly, enables the laser to be precisely focused around the workpiece surface, which not only significantly improves the laser cladding efficiency of the workpiece surface but also effectively ensures the uniformity of the cladding layer size. At the same time, this invention also reduces the additional adjustment step of traditional workpiece rotation parameters, reduces the complexity of process preparation, and further improves cladding efficiency and cladding quality. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a frontal cross-sectional structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram at point A in the diagram.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a frontal cross-sectional view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified structural diagram at point B in the diagram.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the beam splitter of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the cover plate of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating the laser cladding process for a circular workpiece in Example 1.

[0033] Figure 10 This is a process diagram of laser cladding heat treatment on the surface of a circular workpiece, as shown in Example 1.

[0034] Figure 11 This is another process diagram for laser cladding heat treatment of the surface of a circular workpiece, as described in Example 1.

[0035] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating the laser cladding process for a square workpiece in Example 2.

[0036] Figure 13 This is a process diagram of laser cladding heat treatment on the surface of a square workpiece, as shown in Example 2.

[0037] Figure 14 This is another process diagram for laser cladding heat treatment of the surface of a square workpiece, as shown in Example 2.

[0038] In the diagram: 1. Nozzle assembly; 2. Conical cover; 3. Powder feeding assembly; 31. Round-mouth powder feeding component; 32. First conveying pipe; 33. Square-mouth powder feeding component; 34. Second conveying pipe; 4. Beam control assembly; 41. First convex lens; 42. Conical mirror; 43. Parabolic mirror; 44. Second convex lens; 45. Beam splitter; 46. Reflector; 5. Collimator device; 6. Bracket; 7. Drive assembly; 71. Base plate; 72. Motor; 73. Lead screw; 74. Cover plate; 8. Threaded groove; 9. Dovetail slide; 10. Three-jaw chuck. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0040] Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the following specification.

[0041] like Figures 1-8 As shown, the present invention provides a rapid laser cladding / heat treatment device based on the outer contour morphology of the cross-section of a part, including a nozzle assembly 1 and a conical cover 2 fixedly connected to one side of the nozzle assembly 1. A beam control assembly 4 is provided on the inner side of the nozzle assembly 1. The laser beam exported from the collimator device 5 in the nozzle assembly 1 is processed by the beam control assembly 4 to form a processing beam that wraps around the outer contour of the workpiece being processed. The movement direction of the nozzle assembly 1 is coaxial with the axis of the workpiece being processed.

[0042] As a further step, the rapid laser cladding / heat treatment device based on the outer contour morphology of the part cross section also includes a powder feeding assembly 3 disposed on the outer surface of the conical cover 2. The processing beam and the powder beam exported from the powder feeding assembly 3 are coaxially arranged, and the powder conveying direction of the powder feeding assembly 3 is consistent with the emission direction of the processing beam.

[0043] As a further step, the nozzle assembly 1 is connected to a drive assembly 7 via a bracket 6. The drive assembly 7 is used to drive the nozzle assembly 1 to move along the axial direction of the workpiece being processed. The drive assembly 7 includes a base plate 71, a motor 72 fixedly mounted on the base plate 71, a lead screw 73 fixedly connected to the output end of the base plate 71, and a cover plate 74 threadedly connected to the surface of the lead screw 73. The bottom of the cover plate 74 is slidably connected to the base plate 71, and the bracket 6 is fixedly mounted on the top of the cover plate 74. A threaded groove 8 is provided at the bottom of the cover plate 74. The cover plate 74 is threadedly connected to the lead screw 73 through the threaded groove 8. Two dovetail grooves 9 are provided at the bottom of the cover plate 74, which are symmetrically arranged with the threaded groove 8 as the axis of symmetry. The cover plate 74 is slidably fitted on the slide rail of the base plate 71 through the dovetail grooves 9.

[0044] Specifically, the motor 72 is used to drive the lead screw 73 to rotate. When the lead screw 73 rotates, the threads on its surface mesh with the threaded groove 8 at the bottom of the cover plate 74, and the cover plate 74 will move linearly along the axis of the lead screw 73. When the cover plate 74 moves linearly, the design of the slide rail and the matching dovetail slide groove 9 can ensure the stability of the cover plate 74 during movement, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the nozzle assembly 1 and the powder feeding assembly 3.

[0045] Among them, such as Figures 9-14 As shown, when the motor 72 rotates forward, it can drive the lead screw 73 to rotate clockwise, so that the lead screw 73 can drive the cover plate 74 to move to the right; conversely, when the motor 72 rotates in reverse, it can drive the lead screw 73 to rotate counterclockwise, so that the lead screw 73 can drive the cover plate 74 to move to the left. Example 1

[0046] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the conical cover 2 is a round-mouth conical cover, and the powder feeding assembly 3 includes a round-mouth powder feeding component 31 adapted to the outer periphery of the round-mouth conical cover and a plurality of first conveying pipes 32 connected to the round-mouth powder feeding component 31. The round-mouth powder feeding component 31 is coaxially arranged with the round-mouth conical cover, and the powder outlet of the round-mouth powder feeding component 31 protrudes slightly from the round opening of the round-mouth conical cover. The beam control assembly 4 includes a first convex lens 41, a conical lens 42 and a parabolic lens 43 disposed in the nozzle assembly 1. The laser beam exported from the collimator device 5 passes through the first convex lens 41, the conical lens 42 and the parabolic lens 43 in sequence, and is coaxially arranged with the powder beam exported from the round-mouth powder feeding component 31.

[0047] In this invention, one end of the collimator device 5 needs to be connected to the laser head to ensure that during laser emission, the laser beam can pass sequentially through the collimator device 5, the first convex lens 41, the conical mirror 42, and the parabolic mirror 43. The first convex lens 41 is used to convert the diverging beam into a parallel beam for transmission. After the parallel beam is transmitted to the mirror surface of the conical mirror 42, the conical mirror 42 can refract the parallel beam onto the mirror surface of the parabolic mirror 43. Then, the parabolic mirror 43 can focus the beam onto the circular opening of the conical cover, thereby converging it onto the surface of the workpiece to form a high-energy-density light spot. During this process, the first material conveying pipe 32 and the circular opening powder feeding component 31 can transport the cladding material to the surface of the workpiece, thereby cooperating with the high-energy light spot to carry out the cladding work.

[0048] It should be noted that, in Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the diagram, the blue arrows represent the laser path, and the orange arrows represent the powder path.

[0049] Combination Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the specific implementation process of laser cladding on a circular workpiece is as follows: First, the circular workpiece is clamped and fixed using a three-jaw chuck 10. Then, by reversing the motor 72, the screw 73 rotates counterclockwise, which can drive the cover plate 74 to move to the left, ensuring that part of the circular workpiece can enter the inner side of the circular conical cover 2. Subsequently, by working with the laser head connected to the collimator device 5 and cooperating with the conveying of cladding material in the powder feeding assembly 3, the laser beam can be focused on the surface of the part, wrapping the entire surface of the workpiece to form a molten pool. After the powder beam is conveyed to the molten pool through the circular powder feeding assembly 31, it promotes the formation of metallurgical bonding on the circular surface, realizing the cladding operation. During the cladding, the forward rotation of the motor 72 can cause the screw 73 to drive the cover plate 74 to move to the right, so as to form a cladding layer on the entire surface of the circular workpiece.

[0050] It should be noted that, Figure 9 The red area in the diagram represents the cladding area.

[0051] Combination Figure 10 As shown, in this embodiment, the first implementation process of laser cladding heat treatment on the surface of a circular workpiece is as follows: Drawing inspiration from the cladding process of circular workpieces, when the powder feeding assembly 3 stops feeding powder, the structural design proposed in this invention can perform surface hardening, tempering, and annealing operations on the workpiece surface. Specifically, the cladding nozzle formed by the nozzle assembly 1, the conical cover 2, and the beam control assembly 4 can be used as a surface treatment laser head. This operation utilizes the high heat characteristic of lasers, focusing the laser beam onto the workpiece surface to heat it in a short time, followed by rapid cooling, thereby achieving surface hardening and strengthening. Thus, this operation improves the workpiece's strength, hardness, wear resistance, and other related mechanical properties through surface hardening treatment.

[0052] It should be noted that, Figure 10 The green area in the diagram represents the quenching range.

[0053] Combination Figure 11 As shown, since some metallic materials require improved mechanical properties such as strength, stiffness, or hardness, direct surface hardening may not achieve the desired strengthening effect; therefore, in this embodiment, the second implementation process of laser cladding heat treatment on the surface of a circular workpiece is as follows: Drawing inspiration from the first implementation process of laser cladding heat treatment on the surface of circular workpieces, the following operational logic can be adopted for surface hardening of certain metallic materials: First, the surface of the workpiece to be treated is pre-softened by adjusting the laser power parameters; after the softening process is completed, the subsequent surface hardening operation is carried out, thereby achieving precise heat treatment. This process path effectively reduces the initial hardness of metallic materials, significantly improves their processing performance, and thus broadens the adaptability of such materials in different application scenarios, meeting more complex processing and usage requirements.

[0054] It should be noted that, Figure 11 The yellow area in the diagram represents the softening range, and the green area represents the quenching range.

[0055] In this embodiment, when the conical cover 2 adopts a round-mouth conical cover, the round-mouth powder feeding component 31 is coaxially arranged with the round-mouth conical cover. Thus, under this assembly structure, the conical cover 2 and the powder feeding component 3 cooperate with each other. Combined with the optical effects of the conical mirror 42 and the parabolic mirror 43 built into the nozzle component 1, the laser can be innovatively and precisely focused. This not only significantly improves the laser cladding efficiency on the surface of the cylindrical workpiece, but also effectively ensures the uniformity of the cladding layer strength. Example 2

[0056] like Figures 4-7 As shown, the conical cover 2 is a square-mouth conical cover, and the powder feeding assembly 3 includes a square-mouth powder feeding component 33 adapted to the outer periphery of the square-mouth conical cover and a plurality of second conveying pipes 34 connected to the square-mouth powder feeding component 33. The square-mouth powder feeding component 33 is concentrically arranged with the square-mouth conical cover. The square-mouth powder feeding component 33 is composed of four single square-mouth components, and each single square-mouth component is connected to a second conveying pipe 34.

[0057] As a further step, the beam control assembly 4 includes a second convex lens 44, a beam splitter 45, and a plurality of reflectors 46 disposed within the nozzle assembly 1. The laser beam emitted from the collimator device 5 passes sequentially through the second convex lens 44, the beam splitter 45, and the plurality of reflectors 46, and is then coaxially arranged with the powder beam emitted from the circular powder feeder 31. The beam splitter 45 is in the shape of a four-sided pyramid, and four reflectors 46 are provided, with each of the four reflectors 46 corresponding to one of the four mirror surfaces of the four-sided pyramid beam splitter 45.

[0058] In this invention, one end of the collimator device 5 needs to be connected to the laser head to ensure that during laser emission, the laser beam can sequentially pass through the collimator device 5, the second convex lens 44, the beam splitter 45, and the reflector 46. The second convex lens 44 is used to convert the diverging beam into a parallel beam for transmission. After the parallel beam is transmitted to the mirror surface of the beam splitter 45, the beam splitter 45 can refract the parallel beam onto the mirror surface of the reflector 46. Then, the reflector 46 can focus the beam onto the square opening of the square conical cover, thereby converging it onto the surface of the workpiece to form a high-energy-density light spot. During this process, the second feeding pipe 34 and the square powder feeding component 33 can transport the cladding material to the surface of the workpiece, thereby cooperating with the high-energy light spot to carry out the cladding work.

[0059] It should be noted that, in Figure 5 and Figure 6 In the diagram, the blue arrows represent the laser path, and the orange arrows represent the powder path.

[0060] Combination Figure 12 As shown, in this embodiment, the specific implementation process of laser cladding on a square workpiece is as follows: First, the rectangular workpiece is clamped and fixed using a three-jaw chuck 10. Then, the reverse rotation of the motor 72 causes the lead screw 73 to rotate counterclockwise, which in turn moves the cover plate 74 to the left, ensuring that part of the workpiece can enter the inner side of the square-mouth conical cover 2. Subsequently, the laser head connected to the collimator device 5 works, and the cladding material is transported in the powder feeding assembly 3, so that the laser beam can be focused on the surface of the part, covering the entire surface of the workpiece to form a molten pool. After the powder beam is transported to the molten pool through the square-mouth powder feeding assembly 33, it promotes the formation of a metallurgical bond on the circular surface, realizing the cladding operation. During the cladding, the forward rotation of the motor 72 causes the lead screw 73 to move the cover plate 74 to the right, so as to form a cladding layer on the entire surface of the workpiece.

[0061] It should be noted that, Figure 12 The red area in the diagram represents the cladding area.

[0062] Combination Figure 13 As shown, in this embodiment, the first implementation process of laser cladding heat treatment on the surface of a square workpiece is as follows: Drawing inspiration from the process of cladding workpieces with rectangular cross-sections, when the powder feeding assembly 3 stops feeding powder, the structural design proposed in this invention can perform surface hardening, tempering, and annealing operations on the workpiece surface. Specifically, the cladding nozzle formed by the nozzle assembly 1, the conical cover 2, and the beam control assembly 4 can be used as a surface treatment laser head. This operation utilizes the high heat characteristic of lasers, focusing the laser beam onto the workpiece surface to heat it in a short time, followed by rapid cooling, thereby achieving surface hardening and strengthening. Thus, this operation improves the workpiece's strength, hardness, wear resistance, and other related mechanical properties through surface hardening treatment.

[0063] It should be noted that, Figure 13 The green area in the diagram represents the quenching range.

[0064] Combination Figure 14 As shown, in this embodiment, the second implementation process of laser cladding heat treatment on the surface of a square workpiece is as follows: Since some metallic materials require improved mechanical properties such as strength, stiffness, or hardness, direct surface quenching may not achieve the desired strengthening effect; therefore, in this embodiment, the second implementation process of laser cladding heat treatment on the surface of a circular workpiece is as follows: Drawing inspiration from the first implementation process of laser cladding heat treatment on the surface of circular workpieces, the following operational logic can be adopted for surface hardening of certain metallic materials: First, the surface of the workpiece to be treated is pre-softened by adjusting the laser power parameters; after the softening process is completed, the subsequent surface hardening operation is carried out. This process path effectively reduces the initial hardness of metallic materials, significantly improves their processing performance, and thus broadens the adaptability of such materials in different application scenarios, meeting more complex processing and usage requirements.

[0065] It should be noted that, Figure 14 The yellow area in the diagram represents the softening range, and the green area represents the quenching range.

[0066] In this embodiment, by replacing the round conical cover with a square conical cover, and replacing the conical mirror 42 and parabolic mirror 43 built into the nozzle assembly 1 with a beam splitter 45 and a reflector 46 respectively, the problem of uneven cladding that occurred when processing square workpieces in Embodiment 1 can be effectively solved, and the adaptability of the process to workpieces of different shapes and the overall processing effect can be significantly improved.

[0067] In summary, this invention achieves the following core advantages for both laser cladding and laser heat treatment processes: the optical path system focuses the entire surface of a circular or square workpiece, while maintaining coaxiality between the powder beam and the focusing optical path. I. Advantages of Laser Cladding Technology 1. No additional workpiece rotation device is required, and laser cladding of the workpiece surface can be achieved directly; at the same time, the adjustment of workpiece rotation parameters is reduced, the complexity of process preparation is reduced, and the cladding efficiency is indirectly improved.

[0068] 2. The laser beam focusing area can cover the entire circumference of a circular or square workpiece surface in one go, eliminating the need for the workpiece to rotate once to complete the cladding of a ring-shaped area on the workpiece surface, as is the case with traditional processes. This significantly reduces the cladding time on the workpiece surface and improves efficiency considerably.

[0069] 3. By first cutting the powder, allowing the laser beam to wrap around the surface of the round or square part for preheating, and then starting the powder beam to deliver the powder to the molten pool, the preheating optimizes the bonding performance of the cladding layer and avoids the quality fluctuations of traditional rotating cladding, thus achieving a dual improvement in efficiency and quality.

[0070] II. Advantages of Laser Heat Treatment Process 1. No workpiece rotation device is required, and laser heat treatment of the workpiece surface can be achieved directly; at the same time, the adjustment of workpiece rotation parameters is eliminated, reducing process preparation time and improving the overall efficiency of the heat treatment process.

[0071] 2. The laser beam focusing area can cover the entire circumference of the circular / square workpiece surface, eliminating the need to wait for the workpiece to rotate once before heat treatment of the circumference surface, as is the case with traditional processes. Furthermore, the processing efficiency of this invention for the entire circumference of the part surface is significantly improved compared to traditional solutions.

[0072] It is worth noting that the implementation process of the present invention is not limited to the case where the outer contour of the part is circular or square as mentioned herein, but can also be extended to parts with any cross-sectional shape to achieve rapid laser cladding or laser heat treatment operations.

[0073] In this invention, the term "a plurality of" refers to two or more unless otherwise expressly defined. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The terms "installed," "connected," "linked," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "linked" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0074] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "assembled on," "mounted on," "fixed to," or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intermediate component. When a component is considered to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intermediate component present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0075] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0076] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rapid laser cladding / heat treatment device based on the outer contour morphology of a part's cross-section, characterized in that, It includes a nozzle assembly (1) and a conical cover (2) fixedly connected to one side of the nozzle assembly (1). A beam control component (4) is provided on the inner side of the nozzle assembly (1). After the laser beam of the nozzle is acted upon by the beam control component (4), it forms a processing beam that wraps around the outer contour of the workpiece being processed. The movement direction of the nozzle assembly (1) is coaxial with the axis of the workpiece being processed.

2. The rapid laser cladding / heat treatment apparatus based on the outer contour morphology of a part's cross-section according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a powder feeding assembly (3) disposed on the outer surface of the conical cover (2), wherein the processing beam and the powder beam exported from the powder feeding assembly (3) are coaxially arranged, and the powder conveying direction of the powder feeding assembly (3) is consistent with the emission direction of the processing beam.

3. The rapid laser cladding / heat treatment apparatus based on the outer contour morphology of a part's cross-section according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conical cover (2) is a round-mouth conical cover, and the powder feeding assembly (3) includes a round-mouth powder feeding component (31) adapted to the outer periphery of the round-mouth conical cover and a plurality of first conveying pipes (32) connected to the round-mouth powder feeding component (31). The round-mouth powder feeding component (31) and the round-mouth conical cover are coaxially arranged.

4. The rapid laser cladding / heat treatment apparatus based on the outer contour morphology of a part's cross-section according to claim 3, characterized in that, The beam control assembly (4) includes a first convex lens (41), a conical lens (42) and a parabolic lens (43) disposed in the nozzle assembly (1). The laser beam exported from the collimator device (5) passes through the first convex lens (41), the conical lens (42) and the parabolic lens (43) in sequence, and is coaxially arranged with the powder beam exported from the round-mouth powder feeder (31).

5. The rapid laser cladding / heat treatment apparatus based on the outer contour morphology of a part's cross-section according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conical cover (2) is a square-mouth conical cover, and the powder feeding assembly (3) includes a square-mouth powder feeding component (33) adapted to the outer periphery of the square-mouth conical cover and a plurality of second feeding pipes (34) connected to the square-mouth powder feeding component (33). The square-mouth powder feeding component (33) and the square-mouth conical cover are arranged concentrically.

6. The rapid laser cladding / heat treatment apparatus based on the outer contour morphology of a part's cross-section according to claim 5, characterized in that, The square-mouth powder feeding component (33) consists of four single square-mouth components, and each single square-mouth component is connected to a second material conveying pipe (34).

7. The rapid laser cladding / heat treatment apparatus based on the outer contour morphology of a part's cross-section according to claim 6, characterized in that, The beam control assembly (4) includes a second convex lens (44), a beam splitter (45) and a plurality of reflectors (46) disposed in the nozzle assembly (1). The laser beam exported from the collimator device (5) passes through the second convex lens (44), the beam splitter (45) and the plurality of reflectors (46) in sequence, and is coaxially arranged with the powder beam exported from the round-mouth powder feeder (31).

8. The rapid laser cladding / heat treatment apparatus based on the outer contour morphology of a part's cross-section according to claim 7, characterized in that, The beam splitter (45) is in the shape of a quadrangular pyramid, and four reflectors (46) are provided, with each of the four reflectors (46) corresponding to one of the four mirror surfaces of the quadrangular pyramid beam splitter (45).

9. The rapid laser cladding / heat treatment apparatus based on the outer contour morphology of a part's cross-section according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle assembly (1) is connected to a drive assembly (7) via a bracket (6). The drive assembly (7) is used to drive the nozzle assembly (1) to move along the axial direction of the workpiece being processed. The drive assembly (7) includes a base plate (71), a motor (72) fixedly mounted on the base plate (71), a lead screw (73) fixedly connected to the output end of the base plate (71), and a cover plate (74) threadedly connected to the surface of the lead screw (73). The bottom of the cover plate (74) is slidably connected to the base plate (71), and the bracket (6) is fixedly mounted on the top of the cover plate (74).

10. The rapid laser cladding / heat treatment apparatus based on the outer contour morphology of a part's cross-section according to claim 9, characterized in that, The bottom of the cover plate (74) is provided with a threaded groove (8), and the cover plate (74) is threadedly connected to the lead screw (73) through the threaded groove (8). The bottom of the cover plate (74) is provided with two dovetail grooves (9) symmetrically arranged with the threaded groove (8) as the axis of symmetry. The cover plate (74) slides on the slide rail of the base plate (71) through the dovetail grooves (9).

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