Drilling device for metal sheet machining

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of engine cylinder block machining equipment, and particularly relates to a metal sheet machining drilling device which comprises a rack, a clamping module, a main shaft module, an atomization cooling module, a negative pressure chip removal module, a recycling and purifying module, a heat dissipation module and a control system. The main shaft module comprises a main shaft body, a tool changing module and an electric switching mechanism. The recycling and purifying module comprises a condensation recycling channel, a primary filtering assembly, a precise filtering assembly and a liquid return pipeline. According to the drilling device for metal sheet machining, the atomization cooling module greatly reduces the using amount of cutting fluid, and the purchasing cost of the cutting fluid is greatly reduced; and meanwhile, the recycling and purifying module realizes the circulating reuse of the cutting fluid, so that the consumption of the cutting fluid is further reduced, the discharge amount of waste liquid is reduced, and the waste liquid treatment cost is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of metal processing equipment technology, and particularly relates to a drilling device for processing metal sheets. Background Technology

[0002] In the machinery manufacturing industry, drilling of metal sheets is a fundamental and crucial process, widely used in the production of products such as automotive engine blocks, gearbox housings, electronic equipment brackets, and building steel structures. As the manufacturing industry transforms and upgrades towards higher precision, higher efficiency, and green environmental protection, the numerous shortcomings of traditional metal sheet drilling equipment are becoming increasingly apparent. In particular, issues related to the use and treatment of cutting fluids have become a significant bottleneck restricting the industry's development.

[0003] I. Pain Points of Cutting Fluid Use in Traditional Drilling Equipment

[0004] 1. Significant waste of cutting fluid leads to high processing costs. Traditional metal sheet drilling equipment generally uses a spray cooling method, requiring a continuous spraying of large amounts of cutting fluid into the processing area to ensure cooling effectiveness. Due to the lack of an effective recycling mechanism, this cutting fluid is mostly discharged or discarded after cooling and lubrication. According to industry statistics, the cost of cutting fluid in traditional drilling accounts for 15%-25% of the total processing cost, with over 80% of the cutting fluid wasted because it cannot be recycled. For example, a processing plant producing 100,000 metal sheet workpieces annually incurs hundreds of thousands of yuan in cutting fluid procurement costs alone, and this cost pressure continues to increase as the price of raw materials for cutting fluid rises.

[0005] 2. Significant Environmental Pressure and Difficult Pollution Control: Cutting fluid contains mineral oil, additives, and other components; direct discharge will cause soil and water pollution, harming the ecological environment. According to relevant regulations such as the *Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China* and the *Hazardous Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Law*, industrial wastewater discharge must meet strict environmental standards. Enterprises need to invest heavily in wastewater treatment facilities, resulting in high treatment costs. Some small and medium-sized enterprises, due to insufficient environmental investment, engage in illegal discharge, facing hefty fines or even the risk of production shutdowns and rectification. Furthermore, the hazardous waste disposal costs of waste cutting fluid are also substantial, further increasing the environmental burden on enterprises.

[0006] 3. Poor cutting fluid recovery and purification effects, and low recycling rates. While some traditional systems have simple cutting fluid recovery structures, they often use a single filter, which can only remove large particles and cannot effectively separate fine impurities, oil, and metal powder from the cutting fluid. Recycling this unpurified cutting fluid can lead to increased tool wear, decreased machining accuracy, and even workpiece surface corrosion and machining defects, resulting in more harm than good. Therefore, most companies prefer direct waste discharge to using ineffective recovery systems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a drilling device for metal sheet processing, which aims to solve the technical problems of serious waste of cutting fluid in existing traditional metal sheet drilling devices, resulting in high environmental pressure and affecting processing quality.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the drilling device for metal sheet processing provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a frame, a clamping module, a spindle module, an atomizing cooling module, a negative pressure chip removal module, a recycling and purification module, a heat dissipation module, and a control system; the clamping module, spindle module, atomizing cooling module, negative pressure chip removal module, and recycling and purification module are all mounted on the frame and are all electrically connected to the control system;

[0009] The spindle module includes a spindle body, a tool changing module, and an electric switching mechanism. The output end of the spindle body is provided with a quick-change interface. The tool changing module includes a drilling tool, a chamfering tool, and a tapping tool. The three types of tools are arranged coaxially along the axis of the spindle body and are detachably connected to the quick-change interface through the electric switching mechanism. The electric switching mechanism is used to drive the three types of tools to switch to the machining station in sequence.

[0010] The atomizing cooling module includes a cutting fluid storage tank, a high-pressure air pump, an atomizer, and a metering spray assembly. The atomizer is connected to both the cutting fluid storage tank and the high-pressure air pump. The spray nozzle of the metering spray assembly faces the cutting edge of the tool at the machining station and is connected to the atomizer via a delivery pipe.

[0011] The negative pressure chip removal module includes a negative pressure fan, a negative pressure chip suction channel, and a chip collection box. The negative pressure chip suction channel is located on one side of the machining channel of the spindle module. One end of the channel is close to the cutting area of ​​the tool, and the other end is connected to the chip collection box through the negative pressure fan. The tool holder is provided with a spiral chip removal groove, which is adapted to the negative pressure chip suction channel.

[0012] The recovery and purification module includes a condensation recovery channel, a primary filter component, a precision filter component, and a return pipe. The condensation recovery channel surrounds the outside of the processing area, and its output end is connected to the input end of the primary filter component. The output end of the primary filter component is connected to the input end of the precision filter component. The output end of the precision filter component is connected to the cutting fluid storage tank through the return pipe.

[0013] The heat dissipation module includes a cooling fan and a heat dissipation channel. The heat dissipation channel is located inside the frame and is arranged around the spindle body and the electric switching mechanism. The cooling fan is mounted at the input end of the heat dissipation channel and is used to provide forced air cooling for the spindle body and the electric switching mechanism.

[0014] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the electric switching mechanism includes a drive motor, a transmission gear set, a tool mounting base, and a switching guide rail. The switching guide rail is annular and coaxially sleeved on the outside of the main spindle body. There are three tool mounting bases, which respectively fix and install drilling tools, chamfering tools, and tapping tools. All three tool mounting bases are slidably mounted on the switching guide rail. The drive motor is connected to the tool mounting base through the transmission gear set, which includes a driving gear and three driven gears. The driving gear is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor, and the three driven gears mesh with the three tool mounting bases one-to-one. The drive motor drives the driving gear to rotate, thereby driving the driven gears to push the tool mounting base to slide along the switching guide rail.

[0015] As an optional solution of the present invention, the quick-change interface includes an interface body, elastic jaws, and an unlocking cylinder. The interface body is fixedly connected to the output end of the spindle body and has an internal mounting cavity adapted to the tool mounting seat. The elastic jaws are evenly distributed circumferentially on the inner wall of the mounting cavity. The unlocking cylinder is fixed to the outside of the interface body, and its piston rod is connected to the elastic jaws to drive the elastic jaws to open and close in order to lock and unlock the tool mounting seat.

[0016] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the quantitative injection assembly includes an injection tube, an angle adjustment seat, and a flow control valve. The number of injection tubes is consistent with the number of cutting tools and corresponds one-to-one. One end of the injection tube is connected to the delivery pipe of the atomizer, and the other end is provided with a flat nozzle. The angle adjustment seat is hinged to the injection tube and is used to adjust the angle between the nozzle and the cutting edge of the cutting tool. The angle range is 20°-40°. The flow control valve is connected in series with the injection tube and is used to control the injection flow rate of the atomized cutting fluid.

[0017] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the input end of the negative pressure chip suction channel is provided with a horn-shaped suction port, the edge of the suction port is provided with a wear-resistant rubber ring, and the distance between the suction port and the cutting area of ​​the tool does not exceed 6mm; the inside of the negative pressure chip suction channel is provided with anti-clogging spiral blades, which are connected to the output shaft of the negative pressure fan and can rotate synchronously when the negative pressure fan is working.

[0018] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the primary filtration assembly includes a filter housing, a coarse filter screen, and a drawer-type slag collection box. The coarse filter screen is inclinedly disposed inside the filter housing, and its pore size is 0.6-1mm. The drawer-type slag collection box is disposed below the coarse filter screen and is pulled out and connected to the filter housing. The precision filtration assembly includes a precision filter element and a pressure sensor. The precision filter element has a pore size of 60-90μm. The pressure sensor is mounted on the input end of the precision filtration assembly and is used to monitor the pressure difference before and after filtration.

[0019] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the recycling and purification module further includes an oil-water separation component, which is disposed between the primary filtration component and the precision filtration component. The oil-water separation component adopts a coalescing separation membrane for separating oil and impurities in the cutting fluid.

[0020] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the clamping module includes a positioning platform, positioning pins, hydraulic clamps, and a pressure sensor. At least two positioning pins are provided and fixed to the upper surface of the positioning platform, which are adapted to the positioning holes of the engine cylinder block. Four hydraulic clamps are provided and arranged at the four corners of the positioning platform for double clamping from the side and top surfaces of the cylinder block. The pressure sensor is mounted on the clamping end of the hydraulic clamp and is used to monitor the clamping pressure.

[0021] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the control system includes a PLC controller, a touch screen display, and a position detection unit. The position detection unit includes a displacement sensor and a tool identification sensor. The displacement sensor is mounted on the spindle body and is used to monitor the feed displacement of the spindle. The tool identification sensor is mounted on the switching guide rail and is used to identify the type of tool currently in the machining station. The PLC controller is electrically connected to components such as the drive motor, high-pressure air pump, negative pressure fan, unlocking cylinder, and pressure sensor. The touch screen display is used for parameter setting and working status display.

[0022] The drilling apparatus for metal sheet processing provided in this embodiment of the invention has at least one of the following technical effects:

[0023] The drilling device for metal sheet processing provided in this application adopts a micro-mist cooling method, which significantly reduces cutting fluid consumption. At the same time, through a four-stage recovery and purification system consisting of a condensation recovery channel, a primary filter component, an oil-water separation component, and a precision filter component, the atomized cutting fluid is efficiently recovered and deeply purified, with a recycling rate of over 95%. This significantly reduces cutting fluid waste and the discharge of waste cutting fluid, lowering environmental treatment costs and environmental pressure, and conforming to the national "dual carbon" policy and green manufacturing concept.

[0024] This invention adopts a triple chip removal structure of "spiral chip removal groove active conveying + negative pressure chip suction channel adsorption + anti-clogging spiral blade anti-clogging", which greatly improves chip removal efficiency and effectively avoids chip accumulation and entanglement of the tool in the processing area. Smooth chip removal can reduce cutting resistance, avoid scratches on the workpiece hole wall and out-of-tolerance dimensional accuracy, and at the same time reduce tool wear, further reducing production costs. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 A perspective view of a drilling apparatus for processing metal sheets provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 A perspective view of the spindle module of the drilling device for metal sheet processing provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 A perspective view of the atomization cooling module and the negative pressure chip removal module of the drilling device for metal sheet processing provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 A perspective view of the recycling and purification module of the drilling device for metal sheet processing provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:

[0031] 1. Clamping module; 11. Positioning platform; 12. Positioning pin; 13. Hydraulic clamp;

[0032] 2. Spindle module; 21. Spindle body; 22. Tool changer module; 23. Electric switching mechanism; 24. Quick change interface;

[0033] 221. Drilling tool; 222. Chamfering tool; 223. Tapping tool; 231. Drive motor; 232. Transmission gear set; 233. Tool mounting base; 234. Switching guide rail;

[0034] 3. Atomizing cooling module; 31. Cutting fluid storage tank; 32. High-pressure air pump; 33. Atomizer; 34. Metering injection assembly;

[0035] 4. Negative pressure chip removal module; 41. Negative pressure fan; 42. Negative pressure chip suction channel; 43. Chip collection box;

[0036] 5. Recovery and purification module; 51. Condensation recovery channel; 52. Primary filter assembly; 53. Oil-water separator assembly; 54. Precision filter assembly; 55. Liquid return pipeline;

[0037] 6. Frame. Detailed Implementation

[0038] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0040] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of embodiments of the present invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0041] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1-4 As shown, a drilling device for processing metal sheets includes a frame 6, which serves as the mounting base for the entire device. The frame 6 is integrally cast from high-strength cast iron and has shock-absorbing feet at its bottom to reduce vibration during operation and prevent it from affecting processing accuracy. A mounting platform is located in the middle of the frame 6 for assembling the clamping module 1. A crossbeam is located on the upper part of the frame, and a sliding rail for the spindle module 2 is mounted on the crossbeam, allowing the spindle module 2 to move along the X, Y, and Z axes to accommodate the processing requirements of different cylinder models.

[0043] Clamping module 1 is used to achieve precise positioning and stable clamping of the cylinder block. It includes a positioning platform 11, positioning pins 12, hydraulic clamps 13, and pressure sensors. The upper surface of the positioning platform 11 is precision ground to ensure the flatness of the cylinder block after placement. There are two positioning pins 12, made of hardened alloy steel, whose positions are precisely matched with the positioning holes at the bottom of the engine cylinder block to achieve initial positioning of the cylinder block. There are four hydraulic clamps 13, respectively arranged at the four corners of the positioning platform 11. Each hydraulic clamp 13 includes a transverse clamping arm and a longitudinal clamping arm, which can apply clamping force from the side and top surface of the cylinder block simultaneously to ensure that the cylinder block does not shift during processing. The pressure sensor is mounted on the clamping end of the hydraulic clamp 13 to monitor the clamping pressure in real time and transmit the pressure signal to the control system. When the pressure is insufficient, the system will issue an alarm signal and control the equipment to stop, so as to avoid processing deviations due to insecure clamping.

[0044] Spindle module 2 is the core component for realizing integrated multi-process machining, including spindle body 21, tool changer 22, and electric switching mechanism 23. Spindle body 21 is treated with high-frequency quenching, and its rated speed range is 200-8000 r / min. The speed can be adjusted by the control system according to the needs of different machining processes. The output end of spindle body 21 is equipped with a quick-change interface 24 for rapid connection with the tool set. Tool changer 22 includes drilling tools 221, chamfering tools 222, and tapping tools 223. All three tools are made of cemented carbide with a TiAlN coating to improve wear resistance and cutting performance. The three tools are coaxially arranged along the axis of spindle body 21, and the tool specifications can be changed according to the size of the cylinder bore. The drilling tool 221 features a 30° helix angle on its cutting edge for easy chip removal during initial drilling. The chamfering tool 222 has a 45° inclined cutting edge to meet the chamfering requirements of the cylinder block borehole. The tapping tool 223's thread profile matches the cylinder block borehole thread specifications, ensuring tapping quality. An electric switching mechanism 23 drives the three tools to sequentially switch to the machining station. This mechanism includes a drive motor 231, a transmission gear set 232, a tool mounting base 233, and a switching guide rail 234. The switching guide rail 234 is annular and coaxially sleeved on the outside of the spindle body 21, made of wear-resistant alloy steel with a nitrided surface. The three tool mounting bases 233 respectively fix the three tools and are all slidably connected to the switching guide rail 234 via sliders. The drive motor 231 is a servo motor, which is connected to the tool mount 233 via a transmission gear set 232. The driving gear in the transmission gear set 232 is fixed to the output shaft of the drive motor 231, and the three driven gears mesh with the bottom of the three tool mounts 233 respectively. When a tool needs to be switched, the control system sends a command to the drive motor 231, which drives the driving gear to rotate, and then pushes the corresponding tool mount 233 to slide along the switching guide rail 234 through the driven gears, so that the target tool moves to a position aligned with the spindle quick-change interface 24. Then the quick-change interface 24 locks the tool mount 233, completing the tool switching. The entire switching process takes no more than 3 seconds. The quick-change interface 24 includes an interface body, elastic jaws, and an unlocking cylinder. The mounting cavity inside the interface body is adapted to the connection end of the tool mount 233. The elastic jaws are evenly distributed circumferentially on the inner wall of the mounting cavity and are in a retracted state in their natural state, which can lock the tool mount 233. The cylinder drives the piston rod to extend and retract, pushing the elastic jaws to open, so as to remove and install the tool mount 233, ensuring the speed and stability of tool switching.

[0045] The atomizing cooling module 3 is used to achieve precise cooling and lubrication of the cutting area. It abandons the traditional spray-type supply method and adopts micro-mist cooling technology. It includes a cutting fluid storage tank 31, a high-pressure air pump 32, an atomizer 33, and a metering injection assembly 34. The cutting fluid storage tank 31 is made of stainless steel and has an internal liquid level sensor to monitor the remaining amount of cutting fluid. When the liquid level is lower than the set value, the system issues a replenishment reminder. The output pressure of the high-pressure air pump 32 is adjustable, ranging from 0.5 to 1.2 MPa, providing power for atomization. The atomizer 33 has an internal ultrasonic vibrator. After the cutting fluid enters the atomizer 33, it is atomized into tiny droplets with a particle size of 5-10 μm under the combined action of ultrasonic vibration and high-pressure gas. This droplet size ensures both effective cooling and lubrication while avoiding excessive residue. The metered spray assembly 34 includes spray pipes corresponding to each cutting tool. One end of each spray pipe is connected to the delivery pipe of the atomizer 33, and the other end is equipped with a flat nozzle. The width of the nozzle is adapted to the length of the cutting edge of the tool, ensuring that the atomized cutting fluid can fully cover the cutting edge. The spray pipe is hinged to an angle adjustment seat. By adjusting the angle adjustment seat, the angle between the nozzle and the cutting edge of the tool can be adjusted between 20° and 40° to achieve the best cooling and lubrication effect. A flow control valve connected in series on the spray pipe can adjust the spray flow rate of the atomized cutting fluid according to the cutting requirements of different tools, further reducing cutting fluid waste. Tests have shown that this micro-mist cooling solution can reduce cutting fluid consumption by more than 80% compared to traditional spray systems.

[0046] The negative pressure chip removal module 4 is used to remove metal chips generated during the cutting process in real time, preventing chip residue from scratching the hole wall. It includes a negative pressure fan 41, a negative pressure chip suction channel 42, and a chip collection box 43. The negative pressure chip suction channel 42 is located on one side of the machining channel of the spindle module 2. Its input end has a horn-shaped suction port with a wear-resistant rubber ring on the edge to prevent collision with the tool. The distance between the suction port and the tool cutting area is controlled within 6mm to ensure efficient chip removal. The inside of the negative pressure chip suction channel 42 has anti-clogging spiral blades, which are connected to the output shaft of the negative pressure fan 41. When the negative pressure fan 41 is working, the anti-clogging spiral blades rotate synchronously to prevent chip accumulation and blockage in the channel. The cutting tool has a spiral chip-removing groove on its shank. During cutting, as the tool rotates, the spiral chip-removing groove pushes some chips outward. When these chips reach the vicinity of the suction inlet, they are rapidly sucked into the negative pressure suction channel 42 under the negative pressure generated by the negative pressure fan 41, and finally transported to the chip collection box 43. A filter screen is installed at the connection between the chip collection box 43 and the negative pressure suction channel 42 to preliminarily filter the chips. The collection box adopts a pull-out design for easy periodic cleaning.

[0047] The recycling and purification module 5 is used to recycle and reuse the atomized and condensed cutting fluid. It includes a condensation recovery channel 51, a primary filter assembly 52, an oil-water separator assembly 53, a precision filter assembly 54, and a return pipe 55. The condensation recovery channel 51 surrounds the machining area and is made of insulating material to accelerate the condensation of the atomized cutting fluid. The condensed cutting fluid flows into the primary filter assembly 52. ​​The coarse filter screen in the primary filter assembly 52 is inclined, with a pore size of 0.6-1mm, which filters out large metal debris mixed in the cutting fluid. These debris slides down the inclined coarse filter screen into a drawer-type slag collection box, which can be easily removed for cleaning. The cutting fluid after primary filtration enters the oil-water separator assembly 53. This assembly uses a coalescing separation membrane to effectively separate oil and impurities from the cutting fluid, preventing oil from affecting the cooling and lubrication performance of the cutting fluid. The oil-water separated cutting fluid flows into the precision filter assembly 54. The precision filter element has a pore size of 60-90μm, which filters out fine impurity particles. The precision filter assembly 54 is equipped with a pressure sensor at its input. When the filter element becomes clogged, causing the pressure difference to exceed the set value, the system will issue a warning signal to remind the operator to replace the filter element. The purified cutting fluid flows back to the cutting fluid storage tank 31 through the return pipe 55, achieving recycling and further reducing cutting fluid consumption.

[0048] The control system module, serving as the core of the equipment's control, includes a PLC controller, a touchscreen display, and a position detection unit. The PLC controller employs a high-performance programmable logic controller (PLC) with pre-stored machining parameters for different cylinder models, enabling automated control of the machining process. The touchscreen display uses an industrial-grade LCD screen, allowing operators to set machining parameters such as spindle speed, tool switching sequence, coolant injection flow rate, and negative pressure fan power. Simultaneously, operators can view the equipment's real-time operating status, including tool type, machining progress, coolant level, and pressure. The position detection unit includes a displacement sensor and a tool identification sensor. The displacement sensor, mounted on the spindle body 21, monitors the spindle's feed displacement in real-time, ensuring accurate machining depth. The tool identification sensor, mounted on the switching guide rail 234, identifies the tool type currently at the machining station and feeds the signal back to the PLC controller, preventing incorrect tool switching. Furthermore, the control system includes a fault alarm module. When faults such as tool jamming, insufficient clamping pressure, or low coolant level occur, the system alerts operators with audible and visual alarms and automatically records the fault information for easy maintenance.

[0049] To ensure stable operation of the equipment over extended periods, a heat dissipation module is also included, comprising a cooling fan and a heat dissipation channel. The heat dissipation channel is located inside the frame 6, surrounding the spindle body 21 and drive motor 231 to form a cooling airflow path. The cooling fan, an axial flow fan mounted at the input end of the heat dissipation channel, draws in cool outside air, carries away heat as it flows through the spindle body 21 and drive motor 231, and finally exhausts it from the output end of the heat dissipation channel. This forced air cooling of the core components prevents equipment failure due to overheating.

[0050] The drilling device for processing metal sheets provided in this application has the following integrated working process:

[0051] Drilling Process: The control system issues a drilling command, the spindle body 21 starts, and the speed increases to 2000 r / min. Simultaneously, the high-pressure air pump 32 and atomizer 33 start, and the metering spray assembly 34 sprays atomized cutting fluid onto the cutting edge of the drilling tool 221. The spindle feeds downwards along the Z-axis at a feed speed of 100 mm / min, and the drilling tool 221 begins drilling the cylinder block. Metal chips generated during the cutting process are partially discharged by the spiral chip removal groove of the drilling tool 221, and the remaining portion is sucked into the chip collection box 43 through the negative pressure chip suction channel 42 under the negative pressure generated by the negative pressure fan 41. The atomized cutting fluid condenses in the machining area and flows into the condensation recovery channel 51.

[0052] Tool switching: After drilling is completed, the spindle retracts upwards along the Z-axis to a safe position, and the control system issues a tool switching command. The drive motor 231 of the electric switching mechanism 23 starts, driving the tool mounting seat 233 to slide along the switching guide rail 234 via the transmission gear set 232. The mounting seat of the drilling tool 221 separates from the quick-change interface 24, and the mounting seat of the chamfering tool 222 moves to a position aligned with the quick-change interface 24. The unlocking cylinder drives the elastic chuck to open, and after the tool mounting seat 233 is in place, the elastic chuck retracts and locks, completing the switching of the chamfering tool 222. The entire switching process takes 2.5 seconds.

[0053] Chamfering process: After the chamfering tool 222 is switched, the spindle speed is adjusted to 1500 r / min and the feed rate is adjusted to 80 mm / min. The spindle feeds downward along the Z-axis, and the chamfering tool 222 performs a 45° chamfer on the end of the hole. The atomizing cooling module 3 continuously sprays atomized cutting fluid, and the negative pressure chip removal module 4 simultaneously removes the chips generated during chamfering. After chamfering is completed, the spindle returns to a safe position, and the tool switching process is repeated to switch the tapping tool 223 to the machining station.

[0054] Tapping process: After the tapping tool 223 is switched, the spindle speed is adjusted to 500 r / min, the feed rate is adjusted to 2 mm / r, and the spindle feeds downward along the Z-axis. The tapping tool 223 performs tapping machining on the inside of the hole. Due to the high lubrication requirements during tapping, the control system adjusts the flow control valve to appropriately increase the cutting fluid flow rate to 0.3 L / min to ensure thread quality. The chips generated during tapping are quickly discharged through the negative pressure chip suction channel 42 to prevent them from remaining in the thread groove.

[0055] Repeated process: After one hole is machined, the spindle module 2 moves along the X and Y axes to the machining position of the next hole, repeating the drilling-chamfering-tapping process until all holes are machined.

[0056] The drilling apparatus for metal sheet processing provided in this application includes the following process for cutting fluid recovery and chip removal:

[0057] During processing, the cutting fluid collected in the condensation recovery channel 51 flows into the primary filter assembly 52. ​​A coarse filter removes large particles of debris, which then slide into a drawer-type slag collection box. The cutting fluid after primary filtration enters the oil-water separator 53, where a coalescing membrane separates away oil and impurities. The cutting fluid then flows into the precision filter assembly 54, where a filter element removes fine particles. A pressure sensor monitors the pressure difference before and after filtration in real time. When the pressure difference exceeds 0.3 MPa, the system prompts for filter element replacement. The purified cutting fluid flows back to the cutting fluid storage tank 31 through the return pipe 55, achieving recycling. After processing is complete, the operator shuts down the equipment, removes the slag collection box 43 and the slag collection box of the primary filter assembly 52, cleans the internal metal debris, and completes the routine maintenance of the equipment.

[0058] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A piercing device for sheet metal working, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a kind of multi-function numerical control machine tool, including rack, clamping module, main shaft module, atomization cooling module, negative pressure chip removal module, recycling purification module, heat dissipation module and control system;The clamping module, main shaft module, atomization cooling module, negative pressure chip removal module, recycling purification module are all assembled on rack, and all are electrically connected with control system; The main shaft module includes main shaft body, tool changing module and electric switching mechanism, the output end of the main shaft body is provided with quick-change interface, the tool changing module includes drill bit, chamfering tool and tapping tool, three kinds of tools are coaxially arranged along the axis direction of main shaft body and are detachably connected with quick-change interface by electric switching mechanism, and the electric switching mechanism is used to drive three kinds of tools to be switched to machining station in turn; The atomization cooling module includes cutting fluid storage tank, high-pressure air pump, atomizer and quantitative injection assembly, the atomizer is communicated with cutting fluid storage tank and high-pressure air pump respectively, and the injection port of the quantitative injection assembly faces the cutting edge of tool in machining station, and is communicated with atomizer by conveying pipeline; The negative pressure chip removal module includes negative pressure fan, negative pressure chip suction channel and chip collection tank, the negative pressure chip suction channel is opened in the machining channel side of main shaft module, one end of which is close to tool cutting area, and the other end is communicated with chip collection tank by negative pressure fan, and the tool shank is provided with spiral chip flute, and the spiral chip flute is matched with negative pressure chip suction channel; The recycling purification module includes condensation recovery channel, primary filter assembly, precision filter assembly and liquid return pipeline, the condensation recovery channel surrounds outside machining area, and the output end thereof is communicated with the input end of primary filter assembly, the output end of primary filter assembly is communicated with the input end of precision filter assembly, and the output end of precision filter assembly is communicated with cutting fluid storage tank through liquid return pipeline; The heat dissipation module includes heat dissipation fan and heat dissipation channel, and the heat dissipation channel is opened in the inside of rack and is arranged around main shaft body and electric switching mechanism, and the heat dissipation fan is assembled at the input end of heat dissipation channel and is used to forcibly air-cool main shaft body and electric switching mechanism.

2. The metal sheet processing drilling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The electric switching mechanism includes driving motor, transmission gear set, tool mounting seat and switching guide rail, the switching guide rail is annular and coaxially sleeved outside main shaft body, the tool mounting seat is provided with three, and drill bit, chamfering tool and tapping tool are fixedly installed respectively, and three tool mounting seats are slidably assembled on switching guide rail;The driving motor is drivingly connected with tool mounting seat through transmission gear set, the transmission gear set includes driving gear and three driven gears, the driving gear is fixedly connected with the output shaft of driving motor, three driven gears are engaged with three tool mounting seats one by one respectively, and driving motor drives driving gear to rotate, and then drives driven gear to push tool mounting seat to slide along switching guide rail.

3. The metal sheet processing drilling apparatus according to claim 2, wherein The quick-change interface comprises an interface body, elastic clamping jaws and an unlocking cylinder, the interface body is fixedly connected with the output end of the main shaft body, an installation cavity adapted to the tool mounting seat is arranged in the interface body, the elastic clamping jaws are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the installation cavity in the circumferential direction, and the unlocking cylinder is fixed to the outer side of the interface body, the piston rod of the unlocking cylinder is connected with the elastic clamping jaws, and the elastic clamping jaws are driven to open and close to realize locking and unlocking of the tool mounting seat.

4. The metal sheet processing drilling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The quantitative spraying assembly comprises spraying pipes, angle adjusting seats and flow control valves, the number of the spraying pipes is consistent with the number of the tools and each spraying pipe corresponds to one tool, one end of each spraying pipe is communicated with the conveying pipeline of the atomizer, and the other end of each spraying pipe is provided with a flat nozzle, the angle adjusting seat is hingedly connected with the spraying pipe, and is used for adjusting the included angle between the nozzle and the cutting edge of the tool, the included angle ranges from 20° to 40°, and the flow control valve is connected in series on the spraying pipe, and is used for controlling the spraying flow of the atomized cutting fluid.

5. The metal sheet processing drilling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The input end of the negative pressure chip suction channel is provided with a horn-shaped suction inlet, the edge of the suction inlet is provided with a wear-resistant rubber ring, and the distance between the suction inlet and the cutting area of the tool is not more than 6 mm; the inside of the negative pressure chip suction channel is provided with anti-blocking spiral blades, the anti-blocking spiral blades are in transmission connection with the output shaft of the negative pressure fan and can rotate synchronously when the negative pressure fan works.

6. The metal sheet processing drilling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The primary filtering assembly comprises a filtering box body, a coarse filter screen and a drawer type slag collecting box, the coarse filter screen is arranged in the inside of the filtering box body in an inclined manner, the filtering pore diameter of the coarse filter screen is 0.6-1 mm, and the drawer type slag collecting box is arranged below the coarse filter screen and is in pull-out connection with the filtering box body; the precision filtering assembly comprises a precision filter core and a pressure sensor, the filtering pore diameter of the precision filter core is 60-90 μm, and the pressure sensor is arranged at the input end of the precision filtering assembly and is used for monitoring the pressure difference before and after filtering.

7. The metal sheet processing drilling apparatus according to claim 6, wherein The recycling and purifying module further comprises an oil-water separation assembly, the oil-water separation assembly is arranged between the primary filtering assembly and the precision filtering assembly, the oil-water separation assembly adopts a coalescence separation membrane and is used for separating oil stains and impurities in the cutting fluid.

8. The metal sheet processing drilling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The clamping module comprises a positioning platform, positioning pins, hydraulic clamps and a pressure sensor, the positioning pins are at least two, are fixed to the upper surface of the positioning platform and are adapted to the positioning holes of the engine cylinder body, the hydraulic clamps are four, are arranged at the four corners of the positioning platform respectively and are used for double clamping from the side and top of the cylinder body, and the pressure sensor is arranged at the clamping end of the hydraulic clamp and is used for monitoring the clamping pressure.

9. The metal sheet processing drilling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The control system comprises a PLC controller, a touch display screen and a position detection unit, the position detection unit comprises a displacement sensor and a tool recognition sensor, the displacement sensor is arranged on the main shaft body and is used for monitoring the feeding displacement of the main shaft, the tool recognition sensor is arranged on the switching guide rail and is used for recognizing the type of the tool currently in the machining station, the PLC controller is electrically connected with the driving motor, the high-pressure air pump, the negative pressure fan, the unlocking cylinder, the pressure sensor and other components, and the touch display screen is used for parameter setting and working state display.

Images