Lake bottom floe sampler

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of sludge sampling, and aims to provide a lake bottom floating sludge sampling device to solve the problem of easy disturbance of the floating sludge layer of the existing sludge sampling device. The device comprises an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, a cylinder is arranged between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, a piston is arranged in the cylinder, a first sliding rod and a second sliding rod are fixed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, a rectangular block is fixed to the outer wall of the cylinder, a first sliding hole is formed in the rectangular block, the first sliding rod passes through the first sliding hole, a protrusion is fixed to the outer side of the rectangular block, a second sliding hole is formed in the protrusion, the second sliding rod passes through the second sliding hole, a first compression spring is sleeved on the first sliding rod between the rectangular block and the inner cylinder, a second compression spring is sleeved on the second sliding rod between the protrusion and the outer cylinder, and an arc-shaped plate is arranged on the outer side of the shell. Whenever the cylinder is turned to the position directly below the inner cylinder, the first compression spring can always push the cylinder to extend out of the shell, when the outer cylinder continues to rotate, the second compression spring pushes the cylinder and the piston to retract into the shell, and when the cylinder is located in the shell, the arc-shaped plate can seal the outer end of the cylinder.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of sludge sampling, and particularly relates to a lake bottom floating sludge sampling device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lake sediments, especially the surface layer of floating sludge on the lake bottom, are important carriers reflecting changes in the ecological environment of the lake. Therefore, accurate and standardized sampling and analysis of the lake bottom floating sludge are key work for carrying out lake ecological monitoring, environmental assessment and remediation.

[0003] However, the existing lake bottom sludge sampling equipment still has significant defects in actual application. For example, the traditional grab bucket type and columnar sampler are extremely easy to disturb and stir up the surface layer of loose floating sludge during falling to the lake bottom, resulting in the loss of the floating sludge in the layer which is most indicative of the environment, so that the data contained in the sampling sample is distorted. Secondly, most samplers can only obtain samples at a specific point each time, and the contingency is too large, so the sampling results are difficult to represent the characteristics of the entire region. According to the sampling standard, the average value of the monitoring data obtained by multiple point sampling in the specified area is usually taken as the final data to reduce accidental errors. However, the application to the existing samplers requires multiple repeated operations of putting and pulling the sampler, which is cumbersome.

[0004] In summary, the existing sludge sampler is difficult to meet the collection needs of high-quality floating sludge samples for lake ecological monitoring, and therefore, a lake bottom floating sludge sampling device capable of gently capturing the surface layer of floating sludge and supporting regionalized multi-point sampling is needed to be designed. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to solve the problems of the existing lake bottom sludge sampling device that is easy to disturb the floating sludge layer and has insufficient accuracy of single-point sampling, and to provide a lake bottom floating sludge sampling device.

[0006] The technical scheme is that an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder are coaxially nested, discs are fixed at both ends of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, a sampling unit is arranged between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, the sampling unit comprises a cylinder, the axis of the cylinder coincides with the radial direction of the outer cylinder, a clearance hole is formed at the projection position of the cylinder on the outer cylinder, a piston is arranged in the cylinder, one end of the piston is fixed with an extension rod, the other end of the extension rod is fixed with the inner cylinder, a first sliding rod and a second sliding rod are fixed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, a rectangular block is fixed on the outer wall of the cylinder, a first sliding hole is formed in the rectangular block, the first sliding rod passes through the first sliding hole, a protrusion is fixed on the outer side of the rectangular block, a second sliding hole is formed in the protrusion, the second sliding rod passes through the second sliding hole, a first compression spring is sleeved on the first sliding rod between the rectangular block and the inner cylinder, a second compression spring is sleeved on the second sliding rod between the protrusion and the outer cylinder, and an arc-shaped plate is arranged on the outer side of the shell. Whenever the cylinder rotates to the position directly below the inner cylinder, the first compression spring can always push the cylinder to extend out of the shell, the second compression spring pushes the cylinder and the piston to retract into the shell when the outer cylinder continues to rotate, and the arc-shaped plate can seal the outer end of the cylinder when the cylinder is located in the shell.

[0007] In the above or some embodiments, the inner cylinder is welded and fixed to the disk, and the outer cylinder is a rectangular plate wound around the outer wall of the disk to form a cylinder. The outer cylinder is fixed to the outer wall of the disk by bolts, so as to facilitate the fixing of the disk with the nested inner and outer cylinders.

[0008] In the above or some embodiments, both ends of the first and second slide rods are threaded. The inner cylinder has a threaded hole in the radial direction, and the outer cylinder has a through hole in the radial direction. The first and second slide rods are fixed to the inner or outer cylinder by threaded nuts. A bent rod is welded to one end of the arc plate. An L-shaped limiting strip is welded to the outer wall of the outer cylinder on both sides of the clearance hole. The arc plate is always located between the limiting strip and the outer cylinder. A base is welded to the outer wall of the outer cylinder outside the limiting strip. An arc hole is opened on the base. The bent rod passes through the arc hole. A bending spring is provided on the bent rod between the base and the arc plate. The bending spring can push the arc plate to slide between the limiting strip and the outer cylinder. During installation, the first or second slide rod is inserted into the outer cylinder through the through hole and screwed into the threaded hole. Then, a nut is screwed onto the thread outside the through hole. The nut stretches the first and second slide rods between the inner and outer cylinders, thereby achieving the thread locking effect.

[0009] In the above or some embodiments, a circular shaft is coaxially arranged inside the inner cylinder, and the inner diameter of the inner cylinder is larger than the diameter of the circular shaft. The two ends of the circular shaft extend out of the inner cylinder and are connected to hubs through bearings. The hubs are fixed to the disc by bolts, and the outer diameter of the hubs is larger than the outer diameter of the outer cylinder. A baffle is welded on the side wall of the circular shaft inside the inner cylinder. A counterweight and a pull ring are welded to each end of the circular shaft outside the inner cylinder. The counterweight and the baffle are always located below the circular shaft, and the pull ring is located above the circular shaft. The counterweight prevents the circular shaft from rotating when only subjected to gravity, and the pull ring is convenient to pull during use.

[0010] In the above or some embodiments, a recessed groove is formed on the side wall of the rectangular block, and a through groove is provided between the recessed groove and the first sliding hole. A limiting block is provided in the through groove, and a cylindrical block is fixed to one end of the limiting block near the recessed groove. A third compression spring is provided between the cylindrical block and the side wall of the recessed groove. The first sliding rod is a hollow tube, and a limiting groove penetrating the inner wall is formed on the side wall of the first sliding rod. When the rectangular block slides on the first sliding rod, the limiting block can penetrate into the limiting groove under the action of the third compression spring. A push rod is coaxially provided inside the first sliding rod, and one end of the push rod penetrates into the inner cylinder. A retaining ring is welded to the rod, and a circular ring is welded to the end of the first sliding rod near the inner cylinder. A tension spring is provided between the circular ring and the retaining ring. A first elastic bar is fixed to the end of the push rod away from the inner cylinder. The first elastic bar can push the limiting block embedded in the limiting groove out of the limiting groove. If the limiting block is stuck in the limiting groove, the first compression spring is compressed, and the cylinder cannot move away from the inner cylinder until the outer cylinder rotates to the baffle pushing the push rod to move into the first sliding rod, so that the first elastic bar on the first sliding rod squeezes the limiting block out of the limiting groove. The rectangular block drives the cylinder to extend out of the shell under the action of the first compression spring.

[0011] In the above or some embodiments, the length of the limiting groove is greater than the height of the limiting block. When the limiting block is located at the end of the limiting groove near the inner cylinder, the lower end of the cylinder is tangent to the outer wall of the arc plate. When the limiting block is located at the end of the limiting groove away from the inner cylinder, the lower end of the cylinder is tangent to the outer wall of the outer cylinder.

[0012] In the above or some embodiments, the elastic force of the second compression spring is greater than that of the first compression spring. A sleeve is fixed to the end of the second compression spring away from the outer cylinder. The sleeve is coaxial with the second slide rod. The second slide rod is a hollow tube with a groove on its side wall. A short shaft is fixed to the inner wall of the sleeve and extends through the groove into the inner cavity of the second slide rod. A bushing is welded to the second slide rod between the protrusion and the inner cylinder. When the second compression spring pushes the protrusion to contact the bushing, the limiting block is located at the end of the limiting groove away from the inner cylinder. A short rod is fixed to the side wall of the sleeve. A rocker arm is hinged to the bushing. A square groove is opened on the inner cylinder. One end of the rocker arm passes through the square groove and extends into the inner cylinder. The other end has a groove. When the short rod is in the groove, the second compression spring is in a compressed state. When the rocker arm rotates under the action of the baffle, the short rod can disengage from the groove. When the outer cylinder rotates in one direction, the baffle pushes the rocker arm to the end in the inner cylinder, causing the groove at the other end to separate from the short rod. The second compression spring releases its elastic force, causing the cylinder to retract into the shell.

[0013] In the above or some embodiments, a second elastic bar is fixed on the outer wall of the piston, and a circular groove is opened on the inner wall of the cylinder. When the second elastic bar is embedded in the circular groove, the piston and the cylinder are relatively fixed. A circular hole is opened on the side wall of the rectangular block. The circular hole and the circular groove are coaxial. An annular groove is opened on the inner wall of the middle part of the circular hole. A circular rod is provided in the circular hole. A retaining ring is provided in the annular groove. A fourth compression spring is provided between the retaining ring and the inner wall of the annular groove near the cylinder. The fourth compression spring causes the outer end of the circular rod to extend out of the circular hole. The inner end of the circular rod is located at the end of the circular hole near the circular groove. The outer end of the circular rod is provided with a bevel. When the sleeve moves downward, it can squeeze the circular rod towards the circular groove through the bevel. This causes the second elastic bar to disengage from the circular groove, separating the piston from the fixed state of the cylinder.

[0014] In the above or some embodiments, the telescopic rod includes an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder. The inner cylinder is fixed to the piston, and the outer cylinder is fixed to the outer wall of the inner cylinder. A fifth compression spring is provided in the outer cylinder, and an air hole is provided at one end of the outer cylinder near the inner cylinder. The air hole is connected to the inner cavity of the inner cylinder. The compression spring and the air hole make the movement speed of the piston when it moves up and down affected by the air intake and exhaust speed of the air hole, so as to avoid the piston moving too fast.

[0015] In the above or some embodiments, the sampling unit is provided with multiple units between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder; thereby realizing multiple sampling of the lake bottom during the continuous rolling of the outer cylinder.

[0016] This technical solution has the following technical effects:

[0017] 1. Traditional silt samplers use an up-and-down movement to complete the sampling work. The vibration and impact generated when the sampler falls to the surface of the floating mud cause the floating mud to be stirred up, resulting in distorted sample data. In contrast, this device is first lowered to the lake bottom and then rolled on the lake bottom by ropes. This avoids strong impact between the sampler and the surface of the floating mud, resulting in less disturbance to the floating mud during sampling and higher integrity of the obtained sample.

[0018] 2. This scheme achieves continuous, multi-point automatic sampling by setting up multiple sampling units during the rolling of the outer cylinder. Multiple samples in a certain area can be obtained in a single drop, which significantly improves the spatial coverage of sampling and the diversity of control data, and overcomes the randomness of single-point sampling.

[0019] 3. Each sampling unit in this scheme works independently. When some sampling units are blocked by obstacles such as dead branches and gravel on the lake bottom, the remaining sampling units can still sample normally, resulting in a higher overall sampling success rate. At the same time, the distribution density of debris on the lake bottom can be indirectly assessed by the number of sampling units that fail to sample, providing reference information for subsequent monitoring.

[0020] 4. This solution adopts spring drive and mechanical linkage control, which does not require electricity or complex control mechanisms and is suitable for underwater environments; rolling and sampling can be achieved by rope traction, which is simple to operate and convenient for field use. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view at point B in the middle;

[0024] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the first sliding rod and the rectangular block of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the piston and the round rod of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inner cylinder, outer cylinder, and disk of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the round shaft, counterweight, and baffle of the present invention;

[0029] Legend: 1. Inner cylinder; 2. Outer cylinder; 3. Disc; 4. Cylinder; 5. Clearance hole; 6. Piston; 7. Telescopic rod; 8. First sliding rod; 9. Second sliding rod; 10. Rectangular block; 11. First sliding hole; 12. Protrusion; 13. First compression spring; 14. Second compression spring; 15. Arc plate; 16. Threaded hole; 17. Through hole; 18. Bent rod; 19. Limiting strip; 20. Base; 21. Bending compression spring; 22. Round shaft; 23. Hub 24. Baffle; 25. Counterweight; 26. Pull ring; 27. Sink; 28. Through groove; 29. ​​Limiting block; 30. Cylindrical block; 31. Third compression spring; 32. Limiting groove; 33. Push rod; 34. Tension spring; 35. First elastic bar; 36. Sleeve; 37. Short shaft; 38. Bushing; 39. Short rod; 40. Swing rod; 41. Groove; 42. Second elastic bar; 43. Round rod; 44. Snap ring; 45. Fourth compression spring; 46. Air hole. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, examples of which are illustrated in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0031] In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0032] A lake bottom floating mud sampling device includes an inner cylinder 1 and an outer cylinder 2 nested coaxially. The inner cylinder 1 and the outer cylinder 2 are fixed at both ends with a disc 3. The inner cylinder 1 is welded and fixed to the disc 3. The outer cylinder 2 is a rectangular plate wound around the outer wall of the disc 3 to form a cylinder. The outer cylinder 2 is fixed to the outer wall of the disc 3 by bolts.

[0033] A circular shaft 22 is coaxially arranged inside the inner cylinder 1, and the inner diameter of the inner cylinder 1 is larger than the diameter of the circular shaft 22. The two ends of the circular shaft 22 extend out of the inner cylinder 1 and are connected to the hub 23 through bearings. The hub 23 is fixed to the disc 3 by bolts. The outer diameter of the hub 23 is larger than the outer diameter of the outer cylinder 2. A baffle 24 is welded on the side wall of the circular shaft 22 inside the inner cylinder 1. A counterweight 25 and a pull ring 26 are welded to each end of the circular shaft 22 outside the inner cylinder 1. The counterweight 25 and the baffle 24 are always located below the circular shaft 22, and the pull ring 26 is located above the circular shaft 22.

[0034] A sampling unit is provided between the inner cylinder 1 and the outer cylinder 2. Multiple sampling units are provided between the inner cylinder 1 and the outer cylinder 2. The sampling unit includes a cylinder 4. The axis of the cylinder 4 coincides with the radial direction of the outer cylinder 2. A clearance hole 5 is opened at the projection position of the cylinder 4 on the outer cylinder 2. A piston 6 is provided inside the cylinder 4. A telescopic rod 7 is fixed at one end of the piston 6. The telescopic rod 7 includes an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder. The inner cylinder is fixed to the piston 6, and the outer cylinder is fixed to the outer wall of the inner cylinder 1. A fifth compression spring is provided inside the outer cylinder, and an air hole 46 is provided at the end of the outer cylinder near the inner cylinder 1. The air hole 46 is connected to the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 1. A first sliding rod 8 and a second sliding rod 9 are fixed between the inner cylinder 1 and the outer cylinder 2. Both ends of the first sliding rod 8 and the second sliding rod 9 are provided with threads. The inner cylinder 1 has a threaded hole 16 in the radial direction, and the outer cylinder 2 has a through hole 17 in the radial direction. The first sliding rod 8 and the second sliding rod 9 are both fixed to the inner cylinder 1 or the outer cylinder 2 by threaded nuts.

[0035] A rectangular block 10 is fixed to the outer wall of the cylinder 4. A first sliding hole 11 is opened on the rectangular block 10, and a first sliding rod 8 passes through the first sliding hole 11. A protrusion 12 is fixed to the outside of the rectangular block 10. A second sliding hole is opened on the protrusion 12, and a second sliding rod 9 passes through the second sliding hole. A first compression spring 13 is sleeved on the first sliding rod 8 between the rectangular block 10 and the inner cylinder 1. A second compression spring 14 is sleeved on the second sliding rod 9 between the protrusion 12 and the outer cylinder 2. The elastic force of the second compression spring 14 is greater than the elastic force of the first compression spring 13.

[0036] A recessed groove 27 is formed on the side wall of the rectangular block 10. A through groove 28 is provided between the recessed groove 27 and the first sliding hole 11. A limiting block 29 is provided in the through groove 28. A cylindrical block 30 is fixed to one end of the limiting block 29 near the recessed groove 27. A third compression spring 31 is provided between the cylindrical block 30 and the side wall of the recessed groove 27. The first sliding rod 8 is a hollow tube. A limiting groove 32 penetrating the inner wall is formed on the side wall of the first sliding rod 8. When the rectangular block 10 slides on the first sliding rod 8, the limiting block 29 can penetrate into the limiting groove 32 under the action of the third compression spring 31. A push rod 33 is coaxially provided inside the first sliding rod 8. One end of the push rod 33 penetrates into the inner cylinder 1. A retaining ring is welded to the push rod 33 inside the slide rod 8. A circular ring is welded to the end of the first slide rod 8 near the inner cylinder 1. A tension spring 34 is provided between the circular ring and the retaining ring. A first elastic bar 35 is fixed to the end of the push rod 33 away from the inner cylinder 1. The first elastic bar 35 can push the limiting block 29 embedded in the limiting groove 32 out of the limiting groove 32. The length of the limiting groove 32 is greater than the height of the limiting block 29. When the limiting block 29 is located at the end of the limiting groove 32 near the inner cylinder 1, the lower end of the cylinder 4 is tangent to the outer wall of the arc plate 15. When the limiting block 29 is located at the end of the limiting groove 32 away from the inner cylinder 1, the lower end of the cylinder 4 is tangent to the outer wall of the outer cylinder 2.

[0037] A sleeve 36 is fixed to the end of the second compression spring 14 away from the outer cylinder 2. The sleeve 36 is coaxial with the second slide rod 9. The second slide rod 9 is a hollow tube with a groove on its side wall. A short shaft 37 is fixed to the inner wall of the sleeve 36. The short shaft 37 passes through the groove and extends into the inner cavity of the second slide rod 9. A bushing 38 is welded to the second slide rod 9 between the protrusion 12 and the inner cylinder 1. When the second compression spring 14 pushes the protrusion 12 to contact the bushing 38, the limiting block 29 is located at the end of the limiting groove 32 away from the inner cylinder 1. A short rod 39 is fixed to the side wall of the sleeve 36. A swing rod 40 is hinged to the bushing 38. A square groove is opened on the inner cylinder 1. One end of the swing rod 40 passes through the square groove and extends into the inner cylinder 1. The other end has a groove 41. When the short rod 39 is in the groove 41, the second compression spring 14 is in a compressed state. When the swing rod 40 rotates under the action of the baffle 24, the short rod 39 can disengage from the groove 41.

[0038] A second spring bar 42 is fixed on the outer wall of piston 6. A circular groove is opened on the inner wall of cylinder 4. When the second spring bar 42 is embedded in the circular groove, piston 6 and cylinder 4 are fixed relative to each other. A circular hole is opened on the side wall of rectangular block 10. The circular hole and the circular groove are coaxial. An annular groove is opened on the inner wall of the middle part of the circular hole. A circular rod 43 is provided in the circular hole. A retaining ring 44 is provided in the annular groove. A fourth compression spring 45 is provided between the retaining ring 44 and the inner wall of the annular groove near cylinder 4. The fourth compression spring 45 causes the outer end of the circular rod 43 to extend out of the circular hole. The inner end of the circular rod 43 is located at the end of the circular hole near the circular groove. The outer end of the circular rod 43 is provided with a slope. When sleeve 36 moves downward, it can squeeze the circular rod 43 into the circular groove through the slope.

[0039] An arc-shaped plate 15 is provided on the outer side of the shell. A bent rod 18 is welded to one end of the arc-shaped plate 15. A limiting strip 19 with an L-shaped cross section is welded to the outer wall of the outer cylinder 2 on both sides of the clearance hole 5. The arc-shaped plate 15 is always located between the limiting strip 19 and the outer cylinder 2. A base 20 is welded to the outer wall of the outer cylinder 2 outside the limiting strip 19. An arc-shaped hole is opened on the base 20. The bent rod 18 passes through the arc-shaped hole. A bending spring 21 is provided on the bent rod 18 between the base 20 and the arc-shaped plate 15. The bending spring 21 can push the arc-shaped plate 15 to slide between the limiting strip 19 and the outer cylinder 2.

[0040] Whenever the cylinder 4 rotates to the position directly below the inner cylinder 1, the first compression spring 13 can always push the cylinder 4 out of the shell. When the outer cylinder 2 continues to rotate, the second compression spring 14 pushes the cylinder 4 and piston 6 back into the shell. When the cylinder 4 is inside the shell, the arc plate 15 can seal the outer end of the cylinder 4.

[0041] Usage process:

[0042] Before use, all sleeves 36 are pulled into the groove 41 by iron hooks until the short rod 39 is embedded in the groove 41. The iron hooks are made by bending iron bars. The bent end of the iron hook is inserted from the outer end of the second sliding rod 9 so that the bent part of the iron hook hooks the short shaft 37. Then the iron hook is pulled outward so that the sleeves 36 move away from the inner cylinder 1 along the second sliding rod 9 until the short rod 39 is embedded in the groove 41. Then the arc plate 15 is moved to open the clearance hole 5. At this time, the inner cylinder 1 is only under the action of the first compression spring 13. The limiting block 29 is located at the end of the limiting groove 32 near the inner cylinder 1, that is, the outer end of the inner cylinder 1 is tangent to the outer wall of the arc plate 15. The inner cylinder 1 prevents the arc plate 15 from closing the round hole under the action of the bending spring. Thus, the pre-use inspection is completed.

[0043] When in use, ropes are tied to the hanging rings at both ends of the circular shaft 22, and the device is lowered to the bottom of the lake. During the lowering process, the two ropes are kept parallel. After the device comes into contact with the silt at the bottom of the lake, the outer cylinder 2 is pulled by the ropes towards the baffle 24, which can make the swing rod 40 roll away from the short rod 39.

[0044] During the rolling process of the outer cylinder 2, since counterweights 25 are fixed on both sides of the round shaft 22 and a bearing is provided between the round shaft 22 and the hub 23, the baffle 24 is always located below the round shaft 22 during the rolling process. Therefore, whenever the push rod 33 in the first slide rod 8 rotates to contact the baffle 24, the baffle 24 presses the push rod 33 downward. The push rod 33 moves away from the inner cylinder 1 in the first slide rod 8, so that the first elastic bar 35 is embedded in the limiting groove 32 and the limiting block 29 is pushed out of the limiting groove 32. The rectangular block 10 of the spring 13 pushes the cylinder 4 to move away from the inner cylinder 1, and at this time the telescopic rod 7 on the piston 6 is in its longest state, so the piston 6 is stationary. The cylinder 4 extends from the outer cylinder 2 to insert and sample the floating mud below the outer cylinder 2 until the rectangular block 10 contacts the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2 or the protrusion 12 contacts the sleeve 36. The cylinder 4 no longer moves downward, and at this time the second spring bar 42 on the piston 6 has been embedded in the circular groove on the cylinder 4. The piston 6 and the cylinder 4 are relatively fixed under the action of the spring bar.

[0045] As hub 23 continues to rotate, baffle 24 contacts rocker arm 40. Rocker arm 40 rotates around hinge axis under the push of baffle 24, causing short rod 39 to disengage from groove 41. The limiting position of sleeve 36 is removed. Under the push of second compression spring 14, cylinder 4 and piston 6 move synchronously towards inner cylinder 1. Since the inner wall of cylinder 4 is sealed by piston 6, the floating mud inside cylinder 4 is synchronously driven to move towards outer cylinder 2 under negative pressure. Furthermore, since the contraction speed of telescopic rod 7 between piston 6 and inner cylinder 1 is limited by air hole 46, second compression spring 14 can only slowly push cylinder 4 and piston 6 to contract towards outer cylinder 2, avoiding... The excessive speed of the cylinder 4 causes the floating mud to come out of the cylinder 4 until the protrusion 12 contacts the bushing 38 under the action of the second compression spring 14; at this time, the limiting block 29 is located at the end of the limiting groove 32 away from the inner cylinder 1, that is, the first compression spring 13 has been compressed; and at this time, the lower end of the cylinder 4 is tangent to the outer wall of the outer cylinder 2, and there is no longer any obstruction of the cylinder 4 on the movement trajectory of the arc plate 15. Under the action of the bending compression spring 21, the arc plate 15 slides along the gap between the limiting strip 19 and the outer cylinder 2 until the circular hole is closed; at this point, the sampling of one sampling unit is completed, and the hub 23 continues to rotate, so that the other sampling units between the inner cylinder 1 and the outer cylinder 2 complete the sampling in sequence;

[0046] The distance the device moves across the lakebed by the rope is greater than the circumference of the hub 23. After ensuring that the hub 23 rotates more than one revolution, the device is lifted out of the water by the rope. The samples in the cylinder 4 are then taken out one by one. The removal process is as follows: First, the sleeve 36 on the outside of a cylinder 4 is pulled by the iron hook until the short rod 39 is embedded in the groove 41. During the pulling process, the sleeve 36 pushes the rod 43 towards the groove through the inclined surface at the outer end of the rod 43, thereby pushing the second spring 42 out of the groove and canceling the fixed state between the piston 6 and the cylinder 4.

[0047] Then, the arc plate 15 is moved to expose the round hole. Since the limiting block 29 was previously located in the limiting groove 32 at the end away from the inner cylinder 1, after the arc plate 15 exposes the round hole, the first compression spring 13 will push the cylinder 4 to move a short distance until the limiting block 29 is located in the limiting groove 32 at the end close to the inner cylinder 1. At this time, the outer end of the cylinder 4 is tangent to the outer wall of the arc plate 15. During the movement of the cylinder 4, the piston 6 moves away from the inner cylinder 1 under the action of the fifth compression spring, thereby pushing out the sample in the cylinder 4 until the telescopic rod 7 is extended to its longest state and the piston 6 stops moving. Then, the samples in other sampling units are taken out in sequence to complete the entire sampling work. The preset inspection work is repeated before the sampling is lowered.

Claims

1. A device for sampling floating mud from the bottom of a lake, characterized in that, The system includes an inner cylinder (1) and an outer cylinder (2) nested coaxially. A disc (3) is fixed to both ends of the inner cylinder (1) and the outer cylinder (2). A sampling unit is provided between the inner cylinder (1) and the outer cylinder (2). The sampling unit includes a cylinder (4), the axis of which coincides with the radial direction of the outer cylinder (2). A piston (6) is provided inside the cylinder (4). A telescopic rod (7) is fixed to one end of the piston (6), and the other end of the telescopic rod (7) is fixed to the inner cylinder (1). A first sliding rod (8) and a second sliding rod (9) are fixed between the inner cylinder (1) and the outer cylinder (2). A rectangular block (10) is fixed to the outer wall of the cylinder (4). A first sliding hole (11) is opened on the rectangular block (10). The first sliding rod (8) passes through the first sliding hole (11). (10) A protrusion (12) is fixed on the outside. A second sliding hole is opened on the protrusion (12). A second sliding rod (9) passes through the second sliding hole. A first compression spring (13) is sleeved on the first sliding rod (8) between the rectangular block (10) and the inner cylinder (1). A second compression spring (14) is sleeved on the second sliding rod (9) between the protrusion (12) and the outer cylinder (2). An arc plate (15) is provided on the outside of the shell. Whenever the cylinder (4) rotates to the bottom of the inner cylinder (1), the first compression spring (13) can always push the cylinder (4) out of the shell. When the outer cylinder (2) continues to rotate, the second compression spring (14) pushes the cylinder (4) and the piston (6) to retract into the shell. When the cylinder (4) is inside the shell, the arc plate (15) can seal the outer end of the cylinder (4). A round shaft (22) is coaxially provided inside the inner cylinder (1), and a baffle (24) is welded on the side wall of the round shaft (22) inside the inner cylinder (1). A recessed groove (27) is formed on the side wall of the rectangular block (10). A through groove (28) is provided between the recessed groove (27) and the first sliding hole (11). A limiting block (29) is provided in the through groove (28). A cylindrical block (30) is fixed to one end of the limiting block (29) near the recessed groove (27). A third compression spring (31) is provided between the cylindrical block (30) and the side wall of the recessed groove (27). The first sliding rod (8) is a hollow tube. A limiting groove (32) penetrating the inner wall is formed on the side wall of the first sliding rod (8). When the rectangular block (10) slides on the first sliding rod (8), the limiting block (29) can... Under the action of the third compression spring (31), it extends into the limiting groove (32). The first slide rod (8) is coaxially provided with a push rod (33). One end of the push rod (33) extends into the inner cylinder (1). A retaining ring is welded on the push rod (33) inside the first slide rod (8). A circular ring is welded on the end of the first slide rod (8) near the inner cylinder (1). A tension spring (34) is provided between the circular ring and the retaining ring. A first elastic bar (35) is fixed on the end of the push rod (33) away from the inner cylinder (1). The first elastic bar (35) can push the limiting block (29) embedded in the limiting groove (32) out of the limiting groove (32). A sleeve (36) is fixed to the end of the second compression spring (14) away from the outer cylinder (2). The sleeve (36) is coaxial with the second slide rod (9). The second slide rod (9) is a hollow tube with a groove on its side wall. A short shaft (37) is fixed to the inner wall of the sleeve (36). The short shaft (37) passes through the groove and extends into the inner cavity of the second slide rod (9). A bushing (38) is welded to the second slide rod (9) between the protrusion (12) and the inner cylinder (1). When the second compression spring (14) pushes the protrusion (12) to contact the bushing (38), it limits the movement. The block (29) is located at the end of the limiting groove (32) away from the inner cylinder (1); a short rod (39) is fixed on the side wall of the sleeve (36), and a swing rod (40) is hinged on the bushing (38). A square groove is opened on the inner cylinder (1). One end of the swing rod (40) passes through the square groove and penetrates into the inner cylinder (1), and the other end has a groove (41). When the short rod (39) is in the groove (41), the second compression spring (14) is in a compressed state. When the swing rod (40) rotates under the action of the baffle (24), the short rod (39) can disengage from the groove (41).

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner cylinder (1) is welded and fixed to the disc (3). The outer cylinder (2) is a rectangular plate wound around the outer wall of the disc (3) to form a cylinder. The outer cylinder (2) is fixed to the outer wall of the disc (3) by bolts.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both ends of the first slide rod (8) and the second slide rod (9) are threaded. The inner cylinder (1) has a threaded hole (16) in the radial direction, and the outer cylinder (2) has a through hole (17) in the radial direction. The first slide rod (8) and the second slide rod (9) are fixed to the inner cylinder (1) or the outer cylinder (2) by threaded nuts. One end of the arc plate (15) is welded with a bent rod (18), and the outer cylinder (2) on both sides of the through hole (17) is welded with a limiting strip (19) with an L-shaped cross section. The arc plate (15) is always located between the limiting strip (19) and the outer cylinder (2). A base (20) is welded on the outer wall of the outer cylinder (2) outside the limiting strip (19). An arc hole is opened on the base (20). The bent rod (18) passes through the arc hole. A bending spring (21) is provided on the bent rod (18) between the base (20) and the arc plate (15). The bending spring (21) can push the arc plate (15) to slide between the limiting strip (19) and the outer cylinder (2).

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the inner cylinder (1) is larger than the diameter of the round shaft (22). The two ends of the round shaft (22) extend out of the inner cylinder (1) and are connected to the hub (23) through bearings. The hub (23) is fixed to the disc (3) by bolts. The outer diameter of the hub (23) is larger than the outer diameter of the outer cylinder (2). A counterweight (25) and a pull ring (26) are welded to each end of the round shaft (22) on the outer side of the inner cylinder (1). The counterweight (25) and the baffle (24) are always located below the round shaft (22), and the pull ring (26) is located above the round shaft (22).

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the limiting groove (32) is greater than the height of the limiting block (29). When the limiting block (29) is located at the end of the limiting groove (32) near the inner cylinder (1), the lower end of the cylinder (4) is tangent to the outer wall of the arc plate (15). When the limiting block (29) is located at the end of the limiting groove (32) away from the inner cylinder (1), the lower end of the cylinder (4) is tangent to the outer wall of the outer cylinder (2).

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piston (6) has a second spring bar (42) fixed on its outer wall. The inner wall of the cylinder (4) has a circular groove. When the second spring bar (42) is embedded in the circular groove, the piston (6) and the cylinder (4) are fixed relative to each other. The rectangular block (10) has a circular hole on its side wall. The circular hole and the circular groove are coaxial. The inner wall of the middle part of the circular hole has an annular groove. A circular rod (43) is provided in the circular hole. A retaining ring (44) is provided in the annular groove. A fourth compression spring (45) is provided between the retaining ring (44) and the inner wall of the annular groove near the cylinder (4). The fourth compression spring (45) causes the outer end of the circular rod (43) to extend out of the circular hole. The inner end of the circular rod (43) is located at the end of the circular hole near the circular groove. The outer end of the circular rod (43) has an inclined surface. When the sleeve (36) moves downward, it can squeeze the circular rod (43) towards the circular groove through the inclined surface.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic rod (7) includes an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder. The inner cylinder is fixed to the piston (6), and the outer cylinder is fixed to the outer wall of the inner cylinder (1). The outer cylinder is provided with a fifth compression spring, and the outer cylinder is provided with an air hole (46) at one end near the inner cylinder (1). The air hole (46) is connected to the inner cavity of the inner cylinder (1).

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sampling unit is provided in multiple units between the inner cylinder (1) and the outer cylinder (2).

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