A composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for controlling underground pests and a method for preparing the same

Abstract

The application relates to a composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for preventing and treating underground pests and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of green organic planting. The application relates to a composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for preventing and treating underground pests and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of green organic planting. The application relates to a composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for preventing and treating underground pests and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of green organic planting. The application relates to a composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for preventing and treating underground pests and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of green organic planting. The application relates to a composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for preventing and treating underground pests and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of green organic planting. The application relates to a composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for preventing and treating underground pests and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of green organic planting. The application relates to a composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for preventing and treating underground pests and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of green organic planting. The application relates to a composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for preventing and treating underground pests and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of green organic planting. The application relates to a composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for preventing and treating underground pests and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of green organic planting. The application relates to a composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for protecting and treating underground pests and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of green organic cultivation. The application relates to a composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for preventing and treating underground pests and a

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of green and organic planting technology, and in particular to a composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for controlling underground pests and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] High-end vegetables such as chives, celery, and red beans have high economic value and are highly sought after in the market. However, the root systems of these vegetables are extremely vulnerable to various underground pests, among which leek maggots, cutworms, and white grubs are common and serious pests. These underground pests directly eat into the roots of vegetables, disrupting their nutrient absorption and transport systems, leading to poor growth, reduced yields, and even plant death. This severely impacts the quality and market supply of vegetables, causing significant economic losses to farmers.

[0003] Currently, the development of multifunctional vegetable cultivation substrates for controlling underground pests mainly revolves around the use of chemical agents, attempting to improve control efficacy by modifying agent formulations, application methods, or combining them with other chemical substances. However, this chemical control method has many fatal flaws. On the one hand, pesticide residues are a serious problem. After being absorbed by crops, pesticide residues in agricultural products exceed standards, which not only seriously threatens consumer health but also fails to meet the current market's urgent demand for "green" or "organic" foods. On the other hand, large amounts of chemical agents seep into the soil, damaging the soil's microecological environment, causing groundwater pollution, and leading to severe pesticide resistance in pests, creating a vicious cycle. Moreover, chemical control only kills current pests and cannot change the soil environment suitable for pest breeding, requiring repeated applications, resulting in high costs and gradually diminishing effectiveness.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a cultivation substrate that combines high insect-control efficiency, long-lasting effect, and environmental friendliness, thereby ensuring the green and safe production of high-value vegetables. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for controlling underground pests and its preparation method, which has high pest control efficiency, long-lasting effect and environmental protection characteristics, providing a guarantee for the green and safe production of high-value vegetables.

[0006] Firstly, the composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for controlling underground pests provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for controlling underground pests is composed of the following components by volume percentage: 30-40% coconut coir, 20-30% decomposed sawdust, 18-22% decomposed organic fertilizer, 8-12% functional zeolite, 5-8% diatomaceous earth, 2-4% natural mineral trace element additives, 4-5% entomopathogenic nematodes, and 1-3% compound antagonistic microbial agent. The decomposed organic fertilizer contains plant immune inducers; the functional zeolite is a porous zeolite processed by a multi-step loading process, wherein the porous zeolite is sequentially loaded with a compound plant-derived insect repellent, Metarhizium anisopliae spores and nutrient packs, and enzyme-triggered signaling molecule microcapsules.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the substrate consists of three main categories of raw materials: a base substrate, functional additives, and bioactive components. The base substrate, comprising approximately 68-78% of the total volume, is composed of coconut coir, well-rotted sawdust, and well-rotted organic fertilizer mixed in a specific ratio. Together, they provide ideal physical structure, moisture retention, aeration, and basic nutrition for the plant roots. Furthermore, trace amounts of plant immune inducers are pre-added to the well-rotted organic fertilizer. These inducers are key initiating factors for stimulating the plant's own immune system, enhancing the plant's disease and pest resistance, and accelerating the activation of the immune system.

[0008] The functional additives comprise approximately 15-24% of the total volume. They primarily consist of diatomaceous earth, which acts as a basic physical barrier; its sharp microparticles cause physical abrasion to the insect's body wall. The core component is functional zeolite, a specially treated porous mineral material whose nanoscale pores and surface are constructed into a multifunctional platform through a loading process. The internal pores are loaded with a complex plant-derived insect repellent for long-lasting, sustained release, while the surface and mesopores immobilize Metarhizium anisopliae spores, specialized nutrient packs, and key enzyme-triggered signaling molecule microcapsules. Furthermore, the functional additives also include natural mineral trace element additives that provide essential nutrients.

[0009] The bioactive ingredients account for approximately 5%-8% of the total volume and consist of entomopathogenic nematodes that actively search for pests and compound antagonistic microbial agents that target soil-borne diseases.

[0010] After crop transplanting, the roots absorb plant immune inducers from the pre-treated organic fertilizer. This signal puts the plant into a resistant state, laying the foundation for rapid response and pest defense. At the same time, soil moisture slowly infiltrates, allowing diatomaceous earth to continuously exert its physical protective effect. Meanwhile, the nanopores of functional zeolite slowly release compound plant-derived insect repellents into the rhizosphere, forming a broad-spectrum, highly effective, and resistance-resistant chemical repellent barrier.

[0011] When underground pests begin to feed on the roots, plants that have been warned by immune inducers release specific signaling molecules, such as cinnamic acid, more strongly and rapidly. This molecule diffuses in the soil, and when it comes into contact with enzyme-triggered microcapsules on the surface of functional zeolite, cinnamic acid, as a substrate, undergoes an enzymatic reaction with cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase encapsulated within the microcapsule. The resulting local pH change rapidly destroys the chitosan-based outer shell of the microcapsule, releasing a high concentration of nematode signaling molecules and creating a precise chemical navigation path for nematodes in the rhizosphere soil.

[0012] At this moment, the insect-pathogenic nematodes swimming in the soil receive this strong signal molecule and are efficiently guided to the root system being damaged by the pests. Simultaneously, the pests, already wounded and physiologically weakened by compound insecticides, have significantly reduced defense capabilities. They not only face the active invasion of nematodes but are also exposed to the threat of Metarhizium anisopliae spores, activated from the zeolite surface and supported by nutrient packs. The physical wounds on the pests' bodies provide a pathway for Metarhizium anisopliae attachment and infection. Ultimately, the nematodes and Metarhizium anisopliae pose a synergistic threat to the pests, greatly increasing the speed and efficiency of pest mortality.

[0013] Meanwhile, the beneficial microorganisms contained in the compound antagonistic microbial agent continue to multiply, effectively inhibiting the growth of soil-borne pathogens by competing for nutrients and space and secreting antibacterial substances, thereby firmly occupying the rhizosphere ecological niche and jointly constructing a healthy, stable, and highly resistant crop root zone growth environment together with the above-mentioned pest control system.

[0014] Optionally, the plant immune inducer is one of chitosan oligosaccharide or chitin, and the mass percentage of the plant immune inducer in the decomposed organic fertilizer is 0.05-0.1 wt%.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, chitosan oligosaccharide or chitin is selected as a plant immune inducer and premixed in well-rotted organic fertilizer at a precise ratio of 0.05-0.1 wt%. This low-dose design can economically and effectively activate the plant's natural defense mechanism while avoiding the growth inhibition that may result from high concentrations. When the crop roots absorb these immune inducers during growth, their own immune system is alerted and activated in advance. This not only strengthens the plant's basic resistance to diseases and pests, but also enables the plant to release specific signaling molecules more quickly and strongly when facing underground pests, providing timely and sufficient reaction substrates for the enzyme triggering mechanism in the subsequent intelligent response system.

[0016] Optionally, the compound plant-derived insect repellent is composed of matrine powder, azadirachtin residue, and dried peppermint leaf powder in a mass ratio of 1-2:1-2:1.

[0017] By employing the above technical solution, matrine provides rapid contact and stomach poison action, directly and effectively knocking down pests; azadirachtin residue exerts a strong antifeedant and growth-disrupting effect, blocking the normal life activities of pests; and peppermint leaf powder, with its volatile odor, forms a spatial repellent barrier, preventing adult insects from laying eggs. When these three components are combined in a mass ratio of 1-2:1-2:1, the complementary and synergistic effects of their different mechanisms of action enhance the overall insecticidal effect. Furthermore, all ingredients are derived from plants, ensuring environmental friendliness and application safety.

[0018] Optionally, the composite antagonistic microbial agent includes Metarhizium anisopliae and Trichoderma.

[0019] By employing the above-mentioned technical solutions, *Metarhizium anisopliae*, an entomopathogenic fungus, can actively infect and kill underground pests. Meanwhile, *Trichoderma* can create a healthier microecological environment in the rhizosphere, unfavorable to the survival of pest pathogens, indirectly enhancing the pathogenic persistence of *Metarhizium anisopliae*. Simultaneously, substances such as chitinase produced by *Trichoderma* metabolism can decompose the body walls of pests, creating more favorable conditions for *Metarhizium anisopliae* infection. This functional complementarity and synergy between fungi achieves biological protection of crop roots and enhances the comprehensive disease and pest resistance of the cultivation substrate.

[0020] Optionally, the signal molecules in the enzyme-triggered signaling molecule microcapsules include β-caryophyllene and α-pinene.

[0021] By employing the above-mentioned technical solutions, β-caryophyllene, as a specific foraging signal for entomopathogenic nematodes, can achieve precise guidance; while α-pinene, as a volatile plant signal for various pests, can enhance the attraction effect on pests. The release of these two signaling molecules through an enzyme-triggered mechanism improves the directional searching efficiency and aggregation speed of entomopathogenic nematodes, and also achieves a broad-spectrum attraction effect on different types of underground pests, thereby enhancing the precision and reliability of biological control.

[0022] Optionally, the natural mineral trace element additives include silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium ore powder and sulfur powder.

[0023] By employing the above-mentioned technical solutions, silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium mineral powder can supplement the plant system with key elements such as silicon, calcium, potassium, and magnesium. After absorption, silicon strengthens cell walls, forming a robust physical barrier that effectively hinders pest infestation. Calcium promotes cell wall structure and root development, enhancing overall plant health. Potassium and magnesium work synergistically to ensure normal photosynthesis and metabolic activities. The addition of sulfur powder not only provides essential sulfur nutrition, but its slow transformation in the soil creates a slightly acidic environment that activates the soil and promotes the availability of various trace elements, including silicon. These mineral elements work together to provide a solid nutritional foundation for building a healthy rhizosphere micro-ecosystem.

[0024] Optionally, the preparation method of the functional zeolite includes the following steps: S1. Select porous zeolite with a pore size of 20-50 nanometers, and treat it with 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution at 60-80℃ for 1-2 hours with stirring. After stirring, wash it with deionized water until neutral. After drying at 60-80℃, soak it in 2% silane coupling agent ethanol solution for 2-3 hours, and dry it at 100-120℃ for later use. S2. Under vacuum conditions of 0.08-0.1 MPa, the zeolite treated in S1 is immersed in a 5-10% ethanol solution of compound plant-derived insect repellent for 20-30 minutes according to the impregnation ratio of 1 g zeolite: 2-3 mL solution. After restoring to normal pressure, it is allowed to stand for 2-4 hours. Then, it is subjected to rotary evaporation at 40-50℃ to obtain zeolite loaded with insect repellent. S3. Mix Metarhizium anisopliae spores, chitin and trehalose in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.5, then mix with the zeolite treated in S2 in a mass ratio of 1:20 and stir for 10-15 min. Dry at 30-40℃ for 6-12 h. S4. Nematode feeding signal molecules and cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase were co-encapsulated in a 2% chitosan-acetic acid solution at a mass ratio of 10:1 and then spray-dried to form microcapsules. Subsequently, the microcapsules were dry-mixed with the zeolite treated in S3 at a mass ratio of 1:15 to obtain functional zeolite.

[0025] By employing the above technical solutions, the acid washing and silanization pretreatment of zeolite in step S1 not only cleans and expands the pores but also enhances its surface hydrophobicity, laying the foundation for subsequent high-efficiency loading of lipid-soluble insecticides. Subsequently, step S2 uses vacuum impregnation combined with rotary evaporation to force the high-concentration compound plant-derived insecticide extract deep into the zeolite pores and fix it in place, ensuring the slow and sustained release of the insecticide and overcoming the problem of rapid failure caused by simple mixing. In step S3, Metarhizium anisopliae spores and their dedicated nutrient source are co-fixed on the zeolite mesopores and surface, providing a basis for the survival, germination, and colonization of microorganisms, ensuring the protective development and on-demand supply of biocontrol agents. Finally, step S4 encapsulates nematode signaling molecules and specific triggering enzymes in chitosan microcapsules and attaches them to the zeolite. The resulting functional zeolite is no longer a carrier of a single component but a core component integrating multiple functions, providing continuous, precise, and synergistic pest and disease control capabilities for the entire cultivation substrate.

[0026] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing a compound functional vegetable cultivation substrate for controlling underground pests, comprising the following steps: S1, uniformly mixing a plant immune inducer into well-rotted organic fertilizer for later use; S2, placing coconut coir, well-rotted sawdust, organic fertilizer treated in S1, diatomaceous earth, and natural mineral trace element additives into a mixer and mixing at a speed of 20-30 rpm for 10-15 min; S3, adding functional zeolite to the mixture in S2 and mixing at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 5-8 min; S4, sequentially adding entomopathogenic nematodes and compound antagonistic microbial agents to the mixture in S3 and mixing at a speed below 15 rpm for 3-5 min, and aging for 24-36 h; S5, packaging the final mixture and storing it under cool, dark conditions at 15-25℃.

[0027] By employing the above technical solution, in stage S1, plant immune inducers are premixed into the organic fertilizer, ensuring the uniform distribution of this key component and laying the foundation for systematically activating the plant's own defenses. Subsequently, through a segmented low-speed mixing process, the basic physical components and minerals are uniformly dispersed in stage S2, and then functional zeolite loaded with various active substances is gently introduced in stage S3. This operation effectively protects the delicate enzyme-triggered microcapsule structure on the zeolite surface from mechanical damage, maintaining the integrity of its responsiveness. In stage S4, entomopathogenic nematodes and antagonistic microorganisms are added at extremely low speeds, and aging time is allowed. This process maximizes the protection of the activity of these vulnerable organisms, ensuring that they can quickly colonize and exert their effects after being applied to the soil. Finally, the storage conditions in stage S5 further guarantee the long-term viability of the bioactive components.

[0028] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The introduced functional zeolite, through a unique multi-step loading process, immobilizes a complex plant-derived insect repellent within its nanopores to achieve long-lasting sustained release. Simultaneously, it immobilizes chitosan-encapsulated microcapsules containing nematode feeding signaling molecules and specific triggering enzymes on its surface. When plant roots are fed on by underground pests and secrete specific signaling molecules, this substance triggers an enzymatic reaction in the zeolite surface microcapsules, causing the capsules to deconstruct and release the nematode signaling molecules. This actively guides insect-borne pathogenic nematodes in the soil to efficiently aggregate in the rhizosphere region where pests are causing damage, improving the efficiency and success rate of biological control. 2. The introduced functional zeolite also carries Metarhizium anisopliae spores and nutrient packs, providing physical protection for the spores and preventing premature inactivation. The co-loaded nutrient packs are slowly released in a humid environment, providing energy for spore germination and initial colonization. When pests weakened by compound insecticides and physically damaged on their body surface move in the rhizosphere, these pre-activated and continuously released Metarhizium anisopliae spores can quickly utilize the wounds on the pest's body wall as infection channels, increasing the pest's pathogenicity. 3. Introducing plant immune inducers enhances the speed and intensity of crop response to pest infestations. Once absorbed by the roots, these inducers pre-activate the plant's systemic resistance, putting the plant in an early warning state. When pests subsequently feed, this pre-activated plant releases specific distress signal molecules more quickly and in larger quantities, increasing the response efficiency and signal release intensity of enzyme-triggered microcapsules on the functional zeolite surface, thereby attracting a larger number of entomopathogenic nematodes. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Preparation Example 1 A functional zeolite, the preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Select porous zeolite with a pore size of 20-50 nanometers, stir it with 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution at 70℃ for 2 hours, wash it with deionized water until neutral after stirring, dry it at 70℃, soak it in 2% silane coupling agent ethanol solution for 2 hours, and dry it at 100℃ for later use. S2. Under vacuum conditions of 0.08-0.1 MPa, the zeolite treated in S1 was immersed in an 8% ethanol solution of compound plant-derived insect repellent for 30 min according to the impregnation ratio of 1 g zeolite: 2.5 mL solution. After restoring to normal pressure, it was allowed to stand for 3 h. Then, rotary evaporation was carried out at 40 °C to obtain zeolite loaded with insect repellent. S3. Mix Metarhizium anisopliae spores, chitin and trehalose in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.5, then mix with the zeolite treated in S2 in a mass ratio of 1:20 and stir for 15 min. Dry at 35℃ for 10 h. S4. A nematode foraging signal molecule composed of β-caryophyllene and α-pinene in a mass ratio of 1:1 and cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase in a mass ratio of 10:1 were co-encapsulated in a 2% chitosan-acetic acid solution and prepared as microcapsules by spray drying. Subsequently, the microcapsules were dry-mixed with the zeolite treated in S3 in a mass ratio of 1:15 to obtain functional zeolite.

[0030] Preparation Example 2 A functional zeolite, which differs from the preparation example 1 in that step S2 is carried out under vacuum conditions.

[0031] Preparation Example 3 A functional zeolite, which differs from preparation example 1 in that step S3 is not included in the preparation process.

[0032] Preparation Example 4 A functional zeolite, which differs from preparation example 1 in that step S4 is not included in the preparation process.

[0033] Example 1 A composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for controlling underground pests is composed of the following components by volume percentage: 30% coconut coir, 26% decomposed sawdust, 18% decomposed organic fertilizer, 8% functional zeolite, 8% diatomaceous earth, 4% natural mineral trace element additives, 5% entomopathogenic nematodes, and 1% composite antagonistic microbial agent.

[0034] Among them, the well-rotted organic fertilizer contains a plant immune inducer (chitosan oligosaccharide), which accounts for 0.08 wt% of the well-rotted organic fertilizer; the compound plant-derived insect repellent is composed of matrine powder, azadirachtin residue and peppermint leaf powder in a mass ratio of 1.5:1.5:1; the compound antagonistic microbial agent is composed of Metarhizium anisopliae agent and Trichoderma agent in a mass ratio of 1:1; the signal molecules of the enzyme-triggered signal molecule microcapsules are composed of β-caryophyllene and α-pinene in a mass ratio of 1:1; the natural mineral trace element additive is composed of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium ore powder and sulfur powder in a mass ratio of 1:1; the functional zeolite is specifically obtained using Preparation Example 1.

[0035] A method for preparing a compound functional vegetable cultivation substrate for controlling underground pests includes the following steps: S1, uniformly mixing plant immune inducers into well-rotted organic fertilizer for later use; S2, placing coconut coir, well-rotted sawdust, organic fertilizer treated in S1, diatomaceous earth, and natural mineral trace element additives into a mixer and mixing at 20 rpm for 10 min; S3, adding functional zeolite to the mixture in S2 and mixing at 15 rpm for 5 min; S4, sequentially adding entomopathogenic nematodes and compound antagonistic microbial agents to the mixture in S3 and mixing at a speed below 15 rpm for 3 min, and aging for 24 h; S5, packaging the final mixture and storing it under cool, dark conditions at 20℃.

[0036] Example 2 A composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for controlling underground pests differs from Example 1 in that it is composed of the following components by volume percentage: 35% coconut coir, 20% decomposed sawdust, 19% decomposed organic fertilizer, 10% functional zeolite, 6% diatomaceous earth, 3% natural mineral trace element additives, 5% entomopathogenic nematodes, and 2% composite antagonistic microbial agent.

[0037] Example 3 A composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for controlling underground pests differs from Example 1 in that it is composed of the following components by volume percentage: 33% coconut coir, 20% decomposed sawdust, 21% decomposed organic fertilizer, 12% functional zeolite, 5% diatomaceous earth, 2% natural mineral trace element additives, 4% entomopathogenic nematodes, and 3% composite antagonistic microbial agent.

[0038] Example 4 A composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for controlling underground pests differs from Example 1 in that the plant immune inducer is chitin.

[0039] Example 5 A composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for controlling underground pests differs from Example 1 in that the plant immune inducer has a mass percentage of 0.05 wt% in the decomposed organic fertilizer.

[0040] Example 6 A composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for controlling underground pests differs from Example 1 in that the plant immune inducer has a mass percentage of 0.1 wt% in the decomposed organic fertilizer.

[0041] Comparative Example 1 A composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for controlling underground pests differs from Example 1 in that the plant immune inducer has a mass percentage of 0.15 wt% in the decomposed organic fertilizer.

[0042] Comparative Example 2 A composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for controlling underground pests differs from Example 1 in that the functional zeolite is specifically obtained using Preparation Example 2.

[0043] Comparative Example 3 A composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for controlling underground pests differs from Example 1 in that the functional zeolite is specifically obtained using Preparation Example 3.

[0044] Comparative Example 4 A composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for controlling underground pests differs from Example 1 in that the functional zeolite is specifically obtained using Preparation Example 4.

[0045] Detection example A cultivation substrate containing only coconut coir, decomposed sawdust, and decomposed organic fertilizer was set up as a blank control. The insect population reduction rate and control effect of the cultivation substrate were tested according to GB / T17980.67-2004. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0046] Table 1 Example 1 81 72.85 Example 2 85 78.57 Example 3 83 75.71 Example 4 80 71.42 Example 5 77 67.14 Example 6 75 64.28 Comparative Example 1 71 58.57 Comparative Example 2 62 45.71 Comparative Example 3 66 51.43 Comparative Example 4 57 38.57 As shown in Table 1 of the performance test data of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-4, the plant immune inducer can activate the crop's own resistance, enabling it to release specific secretions more efficiently when attacked by underground pests. These secretions can precisely activate the enzyme-controlled release mechanism built into the functional zeolite, releasing nematode signaling molecules, thereby efficiently guiding insect pathogenic nematodes to target and aggregate at the pest-damaged sites. Combined with the physical protection provided by diatomaceous earth, and the compound plant-derived insect repellent and Metarhizium anisopliae spores loaded on the functional zeolite, it achieves highly efficient pest control.

[0047] Meanwhile, the beneficial microorganisms contained in the compound antagonistic microbial agent continue to multiply, effectively inhibiting the growth of soil-borne pathogens by competing for nutrients and space and secreting antibacterial substances, thereby firmly occupying the rhizosphere ecological niche and jointly constructing a healthy, stable, and highly resistant crop root zone growth environment together with the above-mentioned pest control system.

[0048] Please note that the technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments have been described. However, as long as the combination of these technical features does not contradict each other, it should be considered within the scope of this specification. The above embodiments only illustrate several implementation methods of this application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for controlling underground pests, characterized in that, It is composed of the following components by volume percentage: coconut coir 30-40%, decomposed sawdust 20-30%, decomposed organic fertilizer 18-22%, functional zeolite 8-12%, diatomaceous earth 5-8%, natural mineral trace element additives 2-4%, insect pathogenic nematodes 4-5%, and compound antagonistic microbial agents 1-3%; The decomposed organic fertilizer contains plant immune inducers; the functional zeolite is a porous zeolite processed by a multi-step loading process, wherein the porous zeolite is sequentially loaded with a composite plant-derived insect repellent, Metarhizium anisopliae spores and nutrient packs, and enzyme-triggered signal molecule microcapsules. The plant immune inducer is one of chitosan oligosaccharide or chitin, and the mass percentage of the plant immune inducer in the well-rotted organic fertilizer is 0.05-0.1 wt%. The compound plant-derived insect repellent is composed of matrine powder, azadirachtin residue, and dried peppermint leaf powder in a mass ratio of 1-2:1-2:

1. The composite antagonistic microbial agent includes Metarhizium anisopliae and Trichoderma; The signal molecules in the enzyme-triggered signaling molecule microcapsules include β-caryophyllene and α-pinene; The preparation method of the functional zeolite includes the following steps: S1. Select porous zeolite with a pore size of 20-50 nanometers, and treat it with 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution at 60-80℃ for 1-2 hours with stirring. After stirring, wash it with deionized water until neutral. After drying at 60-80℃, soak it in 2% silane coupling agent ethanol solution for 2-3 hours, and dry it at 100-120℃ for later use. S2. Under vacuum conditions of 0.08-0.1 MPa, the zeolite treated in S1 is immersed in a 5-10% ethanol solution of compound plant-derived insect repellent for 20-30 min according to the impregnation ratio of 1 g zeolite: 2-3 mL solution. After restoring to normal pressure, it is allowed to stand for 2-4 h. Then, it is subjected to rotary evaporation at 40-50℃ to obtain zeolite loaded with insect repellent. S3. Mix Metarhizium anisopliae spores, chitin and trehalose in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.5, then mix with the zeolite treated in S2 in a mass ratio of 1:20 and stir for 10-15 min. Dry at 30-40℃ for 6-12 h. S4. Nematode feeding signal molecules and cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase were co-encapsulated in a 2% chitosan-acetic acid solution at a mass ratio of 10:1 and then spray-dried to form microcapsules. Subsequently, the microcapsules were dry-mixed with the zeolite treated in S3 at a mass ratio of 1:15 to obtain functional zeolite.

2. The composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for controlling underground pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The natural mineral trace element additives include silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium ore powder and sulfur powder.

3. A method for preparing a composite functional vegetable cultivation substrate for controlling underground pests according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Mix the plant immune inducer evenly into the well-rotted organic fertilizer for later use. S2. Place coconut coir, decomposed sawdust, organic fertilizer treated in S1, diatomaceous earth, and natural mineral trace element additives into a mixer and mix at a speed of 20-30 rpm for 10-15 minutes. S3. Add functional zeolite to the mixture in S2 and mix at 15-20 rpm for 5-8 minutes. S4. Add entomopathogenic nematodes and compound antagonistic microbial agents sequentially to the mixture in S3, mix at a speed of less than 15 rpm for 3-5 minutes, and age for 24-36 hours. S5. Package the final mixture and store it in a cool, dark place at 15-25°C.