Mining method for continuous mining of thick and large ore body and mine field structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a mining method for continuous mining of a thick and large ore body and a mine field structure. The mining method comprises the following steps: determining a stoping range according to an ore body boundary; a cutting raise is tunneled in each section, the cutting raise is used as a blasting free surface and a compensation space for blasting to form a cutting groove, and the ore body of the first mining stope is stoped; the follow-up stopes are carried out successively, a follow-up cutting gate way and a drilling hole of the second stope are tunneled, a drilling hole corresponding to a rock drilling roadway is blasted, and the free surface is introduced into the second stope from the first stope; and subsequent mining is completed. Through a method of blasting an ore body with the same width as a rock drilling roadway and the same height as stope sections in thick and large ore body isolation columns, a free surface channel communicated with all stopes in an ore block is formed, a free surface can be introduced into a subsequent stope from a first mining part, and the free surface can be introduced into the subsequent stope while the exposed area of a top plate and the stope pressure are controlled; the cost of ore blocks caused by cutting raise construction in a subsequent stope is reduced, continuous mining of thick and large ore bodies is achieved, and the ore removal capacity and efficiency of the stope are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mining, more particularly, to a mining method and a mining field structure for continuous mining of thick and large ore bodies. BACKGROUND

[0002] The conventional method is to divide thick and large ore blocks into several independent mining stope areas according to the exposed area allowed in the stope and the distribution of the stone in the ore block. The recovery of the next stope area needs to wait for the completion of the cutting, ore falling, and filling processes of the previous stope area. After the development and preparation engineering is completed, the recovery work cannot be quickly completed.

[0003] Chinese patent document (application number: 202510879483.5, application date: 2025.06.27) discloses a thick and large metal ore multi-section large-scale continuous mining method. The steps are to divide the stope and the section. Each section in each stage is divided into three periods from top to bottom. The ore rooms and ore pillars in the same period are alternately arranged, and the ore rooms and ore pillars between the adjacent two periods are vertically staggered. The first period and the second period ore rooms are mined and filled from bottom to top. The first period ore pillar is mined and filled from bottom to top. The third period ore room is mined and filled from bottom to top. The second period and the third period ore pillars are mined and filled from bottom to top. The ore is mined. By alternately mining the ore rooms and ore pillars in the staggered sections and staggered panels, the continuous mining of thick and large metal ore bodies is realized.

[0004] Chinese patent document (application number: 202411294318.5, application date: 2024.09.14) discloses a thick and large ore body mining environment reconstruction segmented continuous mining and filling mining method, which includes the steps of preparation cutting, stope roof pre-supporting, perforation blasting, ore mining, and filling. By arranging multiple rows of prestressed anchor cables in the stope, the stability of the stope surrounding rock structure is improved to increase the allowable exposed area of the roof, thereby realizing continuous recovery.

[0005] However, in the prior art, although the method of adjusting the recovery sequence between ore blocks and improving the stability of the stope surrounding rock is considered, the problem of how to optimize the internal structure of the stope and the ore falling process to complete the continuous recovery of thick and large ore bodies while reducing the cost is not considered. Therefore, how to realize the continuous recovery of thick and large ore bodies with low engineering investment is a problem that needs to be solved in the field. SUMMARY

[0006] Therefore, the present application provides a mining method and a mining field structure for continuous mining of inclined and steeply inclined thick and large ore bodies, which can realize the continuous mining of thick and large ore bodies with low engineering investment, has the advantages of low construction cost, easy operation, and strong practicality.

[0007] The first aspect of the application provides a mining method for continuous mining of a thick ore body, the thick ore body being an inclined thick ore body and / or a steeply inclined thick ore body; the mining method comprising:

[0008] According to the ore body boundary, the mining range is determined, a stope is divided along a first direction perpendicular to the ore body strike, the stope is divided into at least two segments along the vertical direction, and a drilling roadway is excavated in each segment along a second direction perpendicular to the ore body strike, wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular; according to the stope allowable exposed area, at least one isolation column is arranged inside the stope, and the stope is divided into at least two mining parts, the mining parts including a first stope, a second stope, …, an Nth stope, wherein N is an integer greater than 2; according to the turning radius of the mining shovel, a mining vein is arranged in the bottom segment of the stope, the mining vein is connected to the drilling roadway obliquely, and the bottom segment of the stope is divided into two parts of different sizes by the drilling roadway, wherein a peach-shaped ore pillar is preset on the side with a larger volume, and a segment roadway 2 is arranged in each segment, the segment roadway extending along the ore body strike direction;

[0009] The cutting and mining of the first stope include the following steps:

[0010] A cutting level is excavated at the ore body boundary of the drilling roadway of each segment, and the cutting level is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the drilling roadway; a cutting raise is excavated through the cutting level of each segment, the cutting raise leading to the drilling roadway of the upper segment, the cutting raise of the bottom segment being located on the side away from the preset peach-shaped ore pillar, an ore mining roadway being arranged in the preset peach-shaped ore pillar in parallel with the drilling roadway, and the mining vein connecting the drilling roadway and the ore mining roadway; based on the formed cutting raise, vertical upward drill holes are arranged in the cutting level, and a cutting slot is formed by blasting with the cutting raise as a free surface and a compensation space;

[0011] The ore body of the first stope is mined using the cutting slot as a free surface and a compensation space, the ore body is mined along the drilling roadway by a positive discharge gun retreating type mining, and the ore is discharged through the mining vein, wherein in the first stope, the mining progress of the lower segment is slower than that of the upper segment;

[0012] The cutting and mining of the subsequent stopes are sequentially performed in the order of the second stope to the Nth stope, including the following steps:

[0013] After the first mining block is mined, a second mining block in the mining block is excavated, and a subsequent cutting roadway is excavated in the mining block, and the subsequent cutting roadway is arranged along the isolation column in the second mining block; the subsequent cutting roadway and the drilling roadway form a first corner and a second corner at the intersection of the subsequent cutting roadway and the drilling roadway, wherein the first corner and the second corner are located on opposite sides of the drilling roadway, wherein the first corner is located away from the ore drawing roadway, and the first corner is broad brushed, and the second corner is located close to the ore drawing roadway, and in the segments other than the bottom segment, a cutting roadway charging access is excavated at the second corner to obliquely connect the subsequent cutting roadway and the drilling roadway; the drill holes are drilled vertically upward in the isolation column region and the subsequent cutting roadway, and fan-shaped forward drilling holes are drilled in the second mining block of the mining block, the drill holes corresponding to the drilling roadway are blasted, and the free surface is introduced from the first mining block of the mining block to the second mining block of the mining block;

[0014] The cutting work of the second mining block is performed in the order of upper segments first and lower segments later, in the upper segments, the cutting work corresponding to the subsequent cutting roadway located at the short side is charged and blasted by the drilling roadway through the corner into the subsequent cutting roadway, and the cutting work corresponding to the subsequent cutting roadway located at the long side is charged and blasted by the drilling roadway through the cutting roadway charging access into the subsequent cutting roadway, and the free surface is introduced backward from the free surface, in the lower segments, the cutting work close to the ore drawing roadway is charged and blasted by the ore drawing roadway into the subsequent cutting roadway, and the cutting work away from the ore drawing roadway is charged and blasted by the drilling roadway of the corresponding segment through the corner into the subsequent cutting roadway; in the cutting work of the second mining block, the cutting groove is formed by blasting at the side of the short side first, and then the cutting groove is formed by blasting at the side of the long side; the subsequent part of the ore body is mined by using the cutting groove as a free surface and a compensation space, backward mining is performed along the drilling roadway by forward discharging, and ore is drawn through the ore drawing vein, wherein the mining progress of the lower segments is slower than that of the upper segments.

[0015] After the second mining block is mined, the next mining block is cut and mined in sequence according to the steps of cutting and mining of the second mining block, including introducing the free surface from the mining area of the previous mining block, forming the cutting groove, and backward mining from the drilling roadway, and drawing ore through the ore drawing vein, to complete the mining work of the entire mining block.

[0016] Optionally, the isolation column is the ore body or the stone inside the mining block.

[0017] The thickness of the isolation column along the ore body is 5m-7m.

[0018] Optionally, the peach-shaped pillar is formed by arranging fan-shaped forward drilling holes in the sublevel of the drift and blasting to form a rock mass structure for collecting ore in the drift;

[0019] The peach-shaped pillar is provided with the ore extraction vein and the ore extraction roadway, and the ore extraction vein and the ore extraction roadway are arranged at the bottom of the peach-shaped pillar, and the ore extraction vein communicates the ore extraction roadway and the drift.

[0020] Optionally, the method further comprises:

[0021] If the cutting raise fails to align with the drift of the previous sublevel, the cutting raise is connected with the drift and the cutting level through a connecting roadway excavated on the previous sublevel.

[0022] Optionally, the blasting to form the cutting slot comprises the following steps:

[0023] The vertical blast holes around the cutting raise are blasted to expand the free surface to the same width of the cross section of the cutting level and extend to the bottom of the cutting level.

[0024] The vertical blast holes corresponding to the cutting level are blasted by backfilling explosive along the cutting level.

[0025] The stoping of the rock mass above the cutting level is completed to form a square cutting slot which is equal in length to the stope, equal in width to the cutting level, and equal in height to the layers.

[0026] In a second aspect of the present application, a mine structure for continuous mining of a thick ore body is provided, which is mined by using the mining method for continuous mining of a thick ore body.

[0027] The mine structure comprises:

[0028] The mine structure comprises:

[0029] In the first mining field, the ore body boundary of each of the subsegments of the drilling roadway is provided with the cutting flat roadway, which is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the drilling roadway; the cutting flat roadway is communicated with the drilling roadway of the previous subsegment through a cutting raise, the cutting raise of the bottom subsegment is located on a side away from the preset peach-shaped ore pillar, a mining roadway is arranged in the preset peach-shaped ore pillar in parallel with the drilling roadway, a mining connecting vein connects the drilling roadway and the mining roadway, vertical upward drilling holes are arranged in the cutting flat roadway, and the cutting raise serves as a blasting free surface and a compensation space.

[0030] In the second mining field to the Nth mining field, the subsequent cutting flat roadway is arranged along the isolation pillar in the second mining field, the subsequent cutting flat roadway forms a first corner and a second corner at the junction with the drilling roadway, the first corner and the second corner are located on two sides of the drilling roadway in opposition, the first corner is located on a side away from the mining roadway, the second corner is located on a side close to the mining roadway, in the subsegment other than the bottom subsegment, a cutting flat roadway charging access is further arranged at the second corner, the subsequent cutting flat roadway is obliquely communicated with the drilling roadway through the cutting flat roadway charging access; the vertical upward drilling holes are arranged in the isolation pillar region and the subsequent cutting flat roadway, and the mining field is further provided with fan-shaped normal drilling holes.

[0031] Optionally, the thickness of the isolation pillar along the ore body trend is 5m-7m.

[0032] Optionally, the mining connecting vein and the mining roadway are arranged in the peach-shaped ore pillar, the mining connecting vein and the mining roadway are arranged at the bottom of the peach-shaped ore pillar, and the mining connecting vein communicates the mining roadway and the drilling roadway.

[0033] Optionally, the first mining field further comprises a connecting roadway, the cutting raise is communicated with the drilling roadway through the connecting roadway, and the connecting roadway and the drilling roadway are located in the same subsegment.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the mining method and the mining field structure provided by the application at least have the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. In the mining method, the ore block is divided into multiple stoping parts according to the allowable exposed area of the mining field and the distribution of the stone, the stoping area is divided by arranging the isolation pillar, and the exposed area of the roof is controlled, which creates the condition for continuous stoping of the mining field in the arrangement of the mining field structure, and the ore output capacity of the mining field is increased and the production capacity of the mine is improved.

[0036] 2、The first mining part is normally mined according to the steps of mining, cutting, perforation blasting and ore handling, and the subsequent part in the ore block reduces the process of arranging the cutting shaft compared with the first mining part, the free surface is introduced from the last mining part into the subsequent cutting flat roadway through the drilling roadway in the isolated column area, the cutting groove is further formed based on the introduced free surface, and the construction cost of the cutting shaft in the subsequent mining part of the ore block is reduced.

[0037] 3、The application forms the free surface channel connecting each stope inside the ore block by the method of blasting the same width as the drilling roadway and the step-by-step high ore body in the isolated column of the thick and large ore body, the free surface is introduced from the first mining part to the subsequent stope, the roof exposure area and stope ground pressure are controlled, the cost of the ore block due to the construction of the cutting shaft in the subsequent mining stope is reduced, the continuous mining of the inclined and steeply inclined thick and large ore body is realized, and the ore production capacity and efficiency of the stope are improved.

[0038] Of course, it is not necessary for any product implementing the present application to simultaneously achieve all the technical effects described above.

[0039] Other characteristics of the present application and the advantages thereof will become more clearly understood from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments, given by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0040] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.

[0041] Figure 1 is a mining method and a mine structure front view provided by the present application for continuous mining of inclined and steeply inclined thick and large ore bodies;

[0042] Figure 2 is a top view of each segment of the upper part of the stope;

[0043] Figure 3 is a top view of the bottom segment of the stope;

[0044] Figure 4 is a side view and drilling layout of the first mining part;

[0045] Figure 5 is a side view and drilling layout of the isolated column of the stope;

[0046] Figure 6 is a side view and drilling layout of the cutting groove of the subsequent mining part;

[0047] Figure 7 is a side view and drilling layout of the subsequent mining of the stope;

[0048] Figure 8 is a flowchart of the mining method provided by the present application for continuous mining of inclined and steeply inclined thick and large ore bodies.

[0049] Legend: 1 - ore body boundary; 2 - sublevel drift; 3 - drilling drift; 4 - cut level; 5 - cut raise; 6 - crossheading; 7 - drawbell; 8 - barrier pillar; 9 - subsequent cut level; 10 - draw drift; 11 - peach pillar; 12 - borehole; 13 - corner (first corner / second corner); 14 - cut level charging access; I - first mined section; II - subsequent section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] Various exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the relative arrangements, numerical expressions, and numerical values of components and steps set forth in these embodiments are not limiting to the scope of the present application unless otherwise specifically stated.

[0051] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the scope of the application its application or uses.

[0052] Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art can not be discussed in detail herein. However, the techniques, methods, and apparatus should be construed as being a part of the specification, where appropriate.

[0053] In all of the examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely exemplary and not as a limitation. Thus, other examples of exemplary embodiments can have different values.

[0054] It should be noted that like numbers and letters refer to like items throughout the drawings, and once an item is defined in one drawing, it is not necessary to discuss it further in subsequent drawings.

[0055] The prior art often uses ore or waste rock as a barrier pillar to separate a large ore block into several small stope, each stope is sequentially subjected to ore drawing, handling and filling operation, although the method of regulating the drawing sequence between ore blocks and improving the stability of stope surrounding rock is considered, but still cannot continuous drawing, delay the drawing progress; the present application reduces the construction of cut raise of the remaining part of the ore block by introducing free surface in the barrier pillar, and also can realize continuous drawing under the condition of controlling the allowable exposed area of the stope.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] Referring to Figures 1-7 shown, Figure 1 is a mining method and a mine structure main view provided by the present application for continuous mining of an inclined steeply inclined thick and large ore body; Figure 2 is a plan view of each sublevel at the upper part of the stope; Figure 3 is a plan view of the sublevel at the bottom layer of the stope; Figure 4Side view and drilling layout of first mining section; Figure 5 Side view and drilling layout of intercolumnar pillar of stope; Figure 6 Side view and drilling layout of cutting slot of subsequent section of first mining section; Figure 7 Side view and drilling layout of subsequent section of stope.

[0058] As shown in Figure 1 , the embodiment provides a mine structure for continuous mining of thick and large ore body, and the thick and large ore body specifically refers to inclined thick and large ore body and steeply inclined thick and large ore body, the inclined thick and large ore body refers to thick and large ore body with an inclination angle of 30°-60°, and the steeply inclined thick and large ore body refers to thick and large ore body with an inclination angle greater than 60°;

[0059] The mine structure comprises:

[0060] The mine comprises an ore body boundary 1; a stope divided along a first direction perpendicular to the ore body strike, the stope comprises first mining stope (as shown in Figure 1 , first mining section I), second stope, …, Nth stope (as shown in Figure 1 , subsequent section II) in sequence, wherein N is an integer greater than 2, and the stope is separated by an intercolumnar pillar 8; the stope is divided into at least two sections in the vertical direction; and a drilling roadway 3 is arranged in each section along a second direction perpendicular to the ore body strike, wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular; a mine outlet vein 7 is arranged in the bottom section of the stope, the mine outlet vein 7 is connected to the drilling roadway 3 obliquely, and the bottom section of the stope is divided into two parts with different sizes by the drilling roadway 3, wherein a peach-shaped ore pillar 11 is preset on the side with larger volume, and a section roadway 2 is arranged in each section, and the section roadway extends along the ore body strike direction;

[0061] In the first mining stope, as shown in Figures 1-4 , a cutting level 4 is arranged at the ore body boundary 1 of the drilling roadway 3 of each section, and the cutting level 4 is arranged along a direction perpendicular to the drilling roadway; the cutting level 4 and the drilling roadway 3 of the previous section are connected through a cutting raise 5, the cutting raise 5 of the bottom section is located on the side away from the preset peach-shaped ore pillar 11, the mine outlet roadway 10 is arranged in the preset peach-shaped ore pillar 11 and is parallel to the drilling roadway 3, the mine outlet vein 7 connects the drilling roadway 3 and the mine outlet roadway 10, the vertical upward drill hole 12 is arranged in the cutting level 4, and the cutting raise 5 serves as a blasting free surface and a compensation space;

[0062] In the second stope to the Nth stope, a subsequent cutting flat roadway 9 is arranged along the partition column 8 in the second stope, and the subsequent cutting flat roadway 9 forms a first corner 13 and a second corner 13 at the junction with the drilling roadway 3, wherein the first corner 13 and the second corner 13 are located on both sides of the drilling roadway 3, and the first corner 13 is located away from the ore roadway 10, and the second corner 13 is located close to the ore roadway 10, and in the segments other than the bottom segment, a cutting flat roadway charging access 14 is also arranged at the second corner 13, and the subsequent cutting flat roadway 9 is obliquely communicated with the drilling roadway 3 through the cutting flat roadway charging access 14; as shown in Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 A vertical upward borehole 12 is arranged in the partition column 8 area and the subsequent cutting flat roadway 9, and the stope is also provided with a fan-shaped positive row of boreholes 12.

[0063] As shown in Figure 1 In some optional embodiments provided by the present application, the thickness of the partition column 8 along the ore body trend is 5m-7m.

[0064] It should be noted that the partition column 8 is the ore body or the stone in the stope, and the thickness thereof can be 5m, 6m, 7m, etc., which is determined according to whether there is a stone, the thickness of the stone, the blasting vibration influence and the engineering geological conditions.

[0065] As shown in Figure 6 、 Figure 7 In some optional embodiments provided by the present application, the peach-shaped ore pillar 11 is provided with an ore extraction vein 7 and an ore roadway 10, and the ore extraction vein 7 and the ore roadway 10 are arranged at the bottom of the peach-shaped ore pillar 11, and the ore extraction vein 7 communicates the ore roadway 10 and the drilling roadway 3.

[0066] As shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 In some optional embodiments provided by the present application, the first stope further includes a connecting roadway 6, and the cutting shaft 5 is communicated with the drilling roadway 3 through the connecting roadway 6, wherein the connecting roadway 6 and the drilling roadway 3 are located in the same segment.

[0067] Embodiment two

[0068] As shown in Figure 8 , Figure 8 A flowchart of the mining method for continuous mining of the inclined steeply inclined thick and large ore body provided by the present application. Combined with Figures 1-7 The mine structure diagram of the inclined steeply inclined thick and large ore body continuous mining. The mining method for continuous mining of the thick and large ore body provided by the present embodiment, the thick and large ore body is an inclined thick and large ore body and / or a steeply inclined thick and large ore body; the mining method comprises:

[0069] S100, a preparation step: determining the stoping range according to the ore body boundary 1, dividing the stope along the first direction perpendicular to the ore body trend, dividing the stope into at least two segments along the vertical direction, and driving the rock drilling roadway 3 in each segment along the second direction perpendicular to the ore body trend; setting at least one isolation pillar 8 inside the stope according to the allowable exposed area of the stope, separating the stope into at least two stoping parts, the stoping parts including the first stope, the second stope, …, the Nth stope, where N is an integer greater than 2; setting the ore-drawing piercing vein 7 in the bottom segment of the stope according to the turning radius of the ore-drawing shovel, the ore-drawing piercing vein 7 being obliquely connected with the rock drilling roadway 3, and the bottom segment of the stope being divided into two parts of different sizes by the rock drilling roadway 3, wherein a peach-shaped ore pillar 11 is preset on the side with larger volume, and a segment roadway 2 is arranged in each segment and extends along the ore body trend direction.

[0070] Specifically, in the preparation step, as shown in the figure, Figure 1 determining the stoping range according to the ore body boundary 1, dividing the stope along the first direction perpendicular to the ore body trend, dividing the stope into segments, and driving the rock drilling roadway 3 in each segment along the second direction perpendicular to the ore body trend; setting the isolation pillar 8 inside the stope according to the allowable exposed area of the stope, separating the stope into several stoping parts; and then arranging the ore-drawing piercing vein 7 in the bottom segment of the stope according to the turning radius of the ore-drawing shovel to prepare for ore drawing; it should be noted that the isolation pillar 8 is located inside the stope and is set in the form of leaving ore body, and the isolation pillar 8 is discontinuous. It should be noted that the bottom segment is the lowest segment in a stope. The ore-drawing piercing vein 7 is obliquely connected with the rock drilling roadway 3, and specifically, the angle between the ore-drawing piercing vein 7 and the rock drilling roadway 3 can be 60°, 70°, etc.

[0071] In the above steps, the ore block is divided into multiple stoping parts according to the allowable exposed area of the stope and the distribution of the stone, the stoping parts are separated by setting the isolation pillar, and the exposed area of the roof is controlled, which creates the conditions for continuous stoping of the stope in the stope structure arrangement, and can increase the ore-drawing capacity of the stope and improve the production capacity of the mine.

[0072] In some optional embodiments provided in the present application, the isolation pillar 8 is the ore body or the stone inside the stope; the thickness of the isolation pillar 8 along the ore body trend is 5m-7m.

[0073] Specifically, the isolation pillar 8 is the ore body or the stone inside the stope, and the thickness thereof can be 5m, 6m, 7m, etc., which is determined according to whether there is stone, the thickness of the stone, the blasting vibration influence, and the engineering geological conditions. The isolation pillar is arranged along the vertical direction and penetrates through the entire stoping area, and multiple isolation pillars are separated to form multiple stoping parts.

[0074] The cutting and stoping of the first stope include the following steps:

[0075] S200, first cutting step: cutting flat roadway 4 is excavated through the ore body boundary 1 of each section of the drilling roadway 3, the cutting flat roadway 4 is arranged along the direction perpendicular to the drilling roadway 3; cutting shaft 5 is excavated through the cutting flat roadway 4 of each section, the cutting shaft 5 leads to the drilling roadway 3 of the upper section, the cutting shaft 5 of the bottom section is located on the side away from the preset peach-shaped ore pillar 11, the ore outlet roadway 10 is arranged in the preset peach-shaped ore pillar 11 and is parallel to the drilling roadway 3, the ore extraction vein 7 connects the drilling roadway 3 and the ore outlet roadway 10; based on the formed cutting shaft 5, the vertical upward drilling hole 12 is arranged in the cutting flat roadway 4, and the cutting shaft 5 is used as a blasting free surface and a compensation space to blast to form a cutting groove.

[0076] Specifically, as shown in Figures 1-2 , the cutting flat roadway 4 is excavated at the end of each section of the drilling roadway 3 (at the ore body boundary 1); the cutting flat roadway 4 of each section excavates the cutting shaft 5 leading to the drilling roadway 3 of the upper section, and the cutting shaft 5 of the bottom section is arranged in the peach-shaped ore pillar 11 away from the ore outlet roadway 10; if the cutting shaft 5 cannot be aligned with the drilling roadway 3 of the upper section, the connecting roadway 6 is excavated to connect through; based on the formed cutting shaft 5, the vertical upward drilling hole 12 is arranged in the cutting flat roadway 4, as shown in Figure 4 , the cutting shaft 5 is used as a blasting free surface and a compensation space to blast to form a cutting groove.

[0077] It should be noted that the free surface is the interface of the rock mass and the air in the blasting engineering, and the size, number and relative position of the interface to the explosive package directly affect the blasting effect; the compensation space: there is a gap between the rocks after blasting, which is about 1.4 times larger than the volume when the shape is complete, in order to avoid the inhibition of the blasting stone on the subsequent caving ore, a compensation space is needed.

[0078] It should be noted that the bottom structure of the stope is cut into two uneven halves by the drilling roadway, and the larger one is called the peach-shaped ore pillar. In the process of forming the cutting groove by using the cutting shaft as the free surface, 3-4 times of blasting construction are needed, and the free surface is smaller at the first blasting, and the blasting vibration is larger. In order to avoid the damage of the blasting vibration generated at the initial blasting to the peach-shaped ore pillar and ensure the safety of the subsequent truck ore, the cutting shaft is placed on the smaller side of the stope bottom structure, that is, not in the peach-shaped ore pillar.

[0079] In some optional embodiments provided in the present application, as shown in Figures 3-7 , the peach-shaped ore pillar 11 is a fan-shaped drilling hole with the natural repose angle of the ore as the boundary in the drilling roadway 3, and the rock structure formed by arranging the fan-shaped forward row drilling hole 12 in the drilling roadway 3 of the bottom section and blasting is used for collecting ore;

[0080] The peach-shaped pillar 11 is provided with a mining pass 7 and a mining roadway 10, and the mining pass 7 and the mining roadway 10 are arranged at the bottom of the peach-shaped pillar 11. The mining pass 7 is connected to the mining roadway 10 and the drilling roadway 3.

[0081] Specifically, the peach-shaped pillar 11 specifically includes:

[0082] In the drilling roadway, the natural repose angle of the ore is used as the boundary of the fan-shaped drill hole. The rock mass structure formed by arranging the fan-shaped forward drill hole 12 in the segmented drilling roadway 3 and blasting can facilitate the collection of the ore and the safe arrangement of the mining pass 7 and the mining roadway 10 at the thick part of the peach-shaped pillar. That is, the peach-shaped pillar 11 is designed in the preparation step 1 and is formed by blasting in the mining process.

[0083] In some optional embodiments provided in the application, the method further includes:

[0084] If the cutting shaft 5 cannot be aligned with the last segment of the drilling roadway 3, the connecting passage 6 is excavated on the last segment to connect the cutting shaft 5 and the drilling roadway 3.

[0085] Specifically, as shown in Figures 1-2 the cutting shaft 5 step specifically includes: according to the position of the next segment of the drilling roadway 3, the connecting passage 6 is excavated on the last segment to connect the cutting shaft 5 and the drilling roadway 3; if all segments of the cutting shaft 5 can be overlapped in the vertical direction, there is no need to stagger;

[0086] In some optional embodiments provided in the application, the blasting to form the cutting groove includes the following steps:

[0087] The vertical blast hole around the cutting shaft 5 is blasted to expand the free surface to the same width as the roadway section of the cutting flat roadway 4 and extend to the bottom of the cutting flat roadway 4.

[0088] The vertical blast hole corresponding to the cutting flat roadway 4 is blasted by backward charging along the cutting flat roadway 4.

[0089] The mining of the rock mass above the cutting flat roadway 4 is completed to form a square cutting groove with the same length as the mining field, the same width as the cutting flat roadway 4, and the same height as the layer.

[0090] Specifically, as shown in Figure 4 the blasting to form the cutting groove specifically includes:

[0091] First, the vertical hole around the cutting shaft 5 is blasted to expand the free surface to the same width as the roadway section of the cutting flat roadway 4 and extend to the bottom of the cutting flat roadway 4. Then, the vertical blast hole corresponding to the cutting flat roadway 4 is blasted by backward charging along the cutting flat roadway 4. Finally, the mining of the rock mass above the cutting flat roadway 4 is completed to form a square cutting groove with the same length as the mining field, the same width as the cutting flat roadway 4, and the same height as the layer.

[0092] S300, First mining steps: The ore body of the first mining area is mined by using the cutting groove as a free face and compensation space. Mining is carried out by retreating through the drilling roadway 3 with positive discharge blasting. Ore is extracted through the ore extraction vein 7. In the first mining area, the mining progress of the lower section is slower than that of the upper section.

[0093] The subsequent cutting and mining of the mining areas shall be carried out sequentially from the second mining area to the Nth mining area, including the following steps:

[0094] S400, Subsequent Free Face Introduction Steps: After the initial mining in the ore block is completed, the subsequent cutting level 9 of the second mining area in the ore block is excavated. The subsequent cutting level 9 is arranged along the isolation pillar 8 in the second mining area. At the junction of the subsequent cutting level 9 and the drilling roadway 3, a first corner 13 and a second corner 13 are formed. The first corner 13 and the second corner 13 are located on opposite sides of the drilling roadway 3. The first corner 13 is located on the side away from the ore exit roadway 10, and the first corner 13 is... The second corner 13 is located on the side near the ore exit roadway 10. In the other sections except the bottom section, at the second corner 13, the cutting horizontal roadway charging roadway 14 is excavated to connect the subsequent cutting horizontal roadway 9 and the rock drilling roadway 3 obliquely. Vertically upward drill holes 12 are drilled in the isolation column 8 area and the subsequent cutting horizontal roadway 9. Fan-shaped positive row drill holes 12 are drilled in the second stope of the ore block. The drill holes 12 corresponding to the blasting rock drilling roadway 3 are introduced from the first stope of the ore block into the second stope of the ore block.

[0095] Specifically, after the initial mining portion I of the ore block is completed, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, the subsequent cutting level 9 is the second part of the mining area in the excavated ore block; the subsequent cutting level 9 is arranged along the isolation column 8 in the subsequent mining section of the ore block; the subsequent cutting level 9 on the side away from the ore exit roadway in each layer is widened and slashed on the side of the drilling roadway to form a corner 13, and each upper section needs to excavate the cutting level 9 charging access road 14 on the other side of the corner 13; the aforementioned corner 13 is located below the ore and rock, and is the access passage for workers to enter the charging access road on both sides of the cutting level 9; as Figure 5 As shown, vertically upward drill holes 12 are drilled in the isolation column area and the cutting level roadway. Fan-shaped positive row drill holes 12 are drilled in the second part of the subsequent block. The drill holes 12 corresponding to the rock drilling roadway 3 are blasted first, and the free face is introduced from the first mining part I of the block into the second part of the subsequent block.

[0096] The corner 13 is located below the ore rock, and together with the cutting drift charging access 14, forms an access channel for workers to enter the charging on both sides of the subsequent cutting drift 9. It should be noted that the cutting drift charging access 14 is located in the upper layer; the construction personnel cannot pass through the goaf (a high space formed after the blasting and stoping construction). After the new free surface is introduced into the subsequent cutting drift, the blasting construction sequence of the cutting slot is from the introduced free surface (the intersection of the drilling roadway 3 and the subsequent cutting drift 9) to the two ends in a retreating manner along the subsequent cutting drift 9, the short side can enter the charging through the corner 13 as a temporary channel, and the collapse operation is completed after one blasting construction; and the long side needs multiple blasting operations, the corner 13 has a small engineering size and cannot be reserved in the cutting slot blasting and collapse operation, so the drilling cutting drift charging access 14 is used to provide a path for the workers to safely enter the charging point for charging construction.

[0097] S500, subsequent part II cutting step: the cutting work of the second stope is performed in the order of upper part segment first and lower part segment second. In the upper part segment, the cutting work corresponding to the subsequent cutting drift 9 located on the short side is charged and blasted by the drilling roadway 3 entering the subsequent cutting drift 9 through the corner 13; the cutting work corresponding to the subsequent cutting drift 9 located on the long side is charged and blasted by the drilling roadway 3 entering the subsequent cutting drift 9 through the cutting drift charging access 14 and retreating from the introduced free surface. In the lower part segment, the cutting work close to the ore drawing roadway 10 side is charged and blasted by the ore drawing roadway 10 entering the subsequent cutting drift 9, and the cutting work away from the ore drawing roadway 10 side is charged and blasted by the drilling roadway 3 of the corresponding segment entering the subsequent cutting drift 9 through the corner 13. In the cutting work of the second stope, the cutting slot is first formed on the short side, and then the cutting slot is formed on the long side.

[0098] Specifically, as shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 The cutting work is performed in the order of upper part segment first and lower part segment second. The cutting work corresponding to the subsequent cutting drift 9 on the short side of each upper part segment is charged and blasted by the drilling roadway 3 entering the subsequent cutting drift 9 through the corner 13, and the cutting work corresponding to the subsequent cutting drift 9 on the long side is charged and blasted by the drilling roadway 3 entering the subsequent cutting drift 9 through the cutting drift charging access 14 and retreating from the introduced free surface. The cutting work close to the ore drawing roadway side of the bottom segment is charged and blasted by the ore drawing roadway 10 entering the subsequent cutting drift 9, and the cutting work on the other side is charged and blasted by the drilling roadway 3 of the segment entering the subsequent cutting drift 9 through the corner 13. In the above cutting work, a part of the cutting slot is first formed on the short side, and then the remaining cutting slot is formed on the long side.

[0099] In the above steps, the subsequent part II of the ore block is introduced into the subsequent cutting flat roadway 9 from the free surface of the previous mining part through the drilling roadway 3 in the area of the isolation pillar 8, and the cutting groove is further formed based on the introduced free surface, thereby reducing the construction cost of the cutting shaft in the subsequent mining part of the ore block.

[0100] S600, subsequent mining step: the subsequent part II of the ore body is mined by using the formed cutting groove as a free surface and a compensation space, retreating mining along the drilling roadway 3 by the positive discharge gun, and ore drawing through the ore drawing piercing vein 7, wherein the mining progress of the lower section is slower than that of the upper section.

[0101] After the second stope mining is completed, the next stope is cut and mined in turn according to the cutting and mining steps of the second stope, including introducing the free surface from the mining area of the previous stope, forming the cutting groove, and retreating mining from the drilling roadway 3 and ore drawing through the ore drawing piercing vein 7, thereby completing the mining of the entire ore block.

[0102] Specifically, the subsequent part II of the ore body is mined by using the cutting groove formed in the subsequent cutting step as a free surface and a compensation space, retreating mining along the drilling roadway 3 by the positive discharge gun, and the mining progress of the lower section is slightly slower than that of the previous section, and ore is drawn through the ore drawing piercing vein 7; the free surface is introduced from the mining area of the previous ore block in turn, the cutting groove is formed, and the ore block is retreating mined from the drilling roadway 3, thereby completing the mining of the entire ore block.

[0103] It should be noted that the cutting groove here is the cutting groove formed in the subsequent cutting step, and it is not the cutting groove of the first mining. After the first mining is completed, the structures in the first part except the ore drawing piercing vein no longer exist.

[0104] It can be known from the above embodiment that the mining method and the mine structure provided by the application at least achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0105] 1. In the mining method of the application, the ore block is divided into multiple mining parts according to the allowable exposed area of the stope and the distribution of the stone, the mining area is divided by setting the isolation pillar, and the exposed area of the roof is controlled, thereby creating the conditions for continuous mining of the stope in the stope structure arrangement, and the ore drawing capacity of the stope can be increased and the production capacity of the mine can be improved.

[0106] 2. The first mining part is normally mined according to the steps of preparation, cutting, perforation blasting, and ore handling. The subsequent part of the ore block reduces the process of arranging the cutting shaft compared with the first mining part. The free surface is introduced into the subsequent cutting flat roadway from the previous mining part through the drilling roadway in the area of the isolation pillar, and the cutting groove is further formed based on the introduced free surface, thereby reducing the construction cost of the cutting shaft in the subsequent mining part of the ore block.

[0107] 3. The application forms free surface passageways connecting each stope inside the ore block by blasting in the isolation pillar of the thick ore body and the method of mining the ore block with the same width as the tunnel and the same height as the stope, which can introduce the free surface from the first mining part to the subsequent stope, controls the roof exposure area and the stope ground pressure, reduces the cost of the ore block caused by the subsequent cutting of the shaft construction in the stope, realizes the continuous mining of the thick and large ore body with the inclination and steep inclination, and improves the ore output capacity and efficiency of the stope.

[0108] Although some specific embodiments of the present application have been described in detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It is to be understood that modifications can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the present application. The scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A mining method for continuous mining of thick ore bodies, characterized in that, The thick ore body is a dipping thick ore body and / or a steeply dipping thick ore body; the mining method includes: The mining area is determined according to the ore body boundary. The mining area is divided into at least two segments along a first direction perpendicular to the ore body strike. Drilling tunnels are excavated in each segment along a second direction perpendicular to the ore body strike, wherein the first and second directions are perpendicular. At least one isolation pillar is set inside the mining area according to the allowable exposed area of ​​the mining area, dividing the mining area into at least two mining sections. The mining sections include the first mining area, the second mining area, ..., the Nth mining area, where N is an integer greater than 2. According to the turning radius of the bucket of the ore-extracting loader, an ore-extracting vein is set in the bottom segment of the mining area. The ore-extracting vein is obliquely connected to the drilling tunnel. The bottom segment of the mining area is divided into two parts of unequal size by the drilling tunnel. A peach-shaped pillar is preset on the larger side. Each segment is provided with a segmented tunnel, which extends along the strike direction of the ore body. The cutting and mining of the first mining area includes the following steps: Cutting ramps are excavated at the orebody boundaries of the drilling roadways in each segment, and these cutting ramps are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the drilling roadways. Cutting raises are excavated through the cutting ramps in each segment, and these cutting raises lead to the drilling roadways in the previous segment. The cutting raises in the bottom segment are located on the side away from the preset peach-shaped pillar. An ore extraction roadway is provided in the preset peach-shaped pillar, which is parallel to the drilling roadway. The ore extraction cross-cut connects the drilling roadway and the bottom segment of the ore extraction roadway. Based on the formed cutting raises, vertically upward drill holes are arranged in the cutting ramps, and the cutting raises are used as blasting free faces and compensation space blasting to form cutting grooves. The ore body of the first mining area is mined by using the cutting groove as a free surface and compensation space. Mining is carried out by retreating through the drilling roadway with positive discharge blasting. Ore is extracted through the ore-extracting vein. In the first mining area, the mining progress of the lower section is slower than that of the upper section. The subsequent cutting and mining of the mining areas shall be carried out sequentially from the second mining area to the Nth mining area, including the following steps: After the initial mining of the ore block is completed, a subsequent cutting level is excavated in the second mining block. The subsequent cutting level is arranged along the isolation pillar in the second mining block. A first corner and a second corner are formed at the junction of the subsequent cutting level and the drilling roadway. The first corner and the second corner are located opposite each other on both sides of the drilling roadway. The first corner is located on the side away from the ore exit roadway and is widened. The second corner is located on the side closer to the ore exit roadway. In the other sections except the bottom section, at the second corner, the cutting level is excavated with a charging path to connect the subsequent cutting level with the drilling roadway obliquely. Vertically upward boreholes are drilled in the isolation pillar area and the subsequent cutting level. Fan-shaped positive row boreholes are drilled in the second mining block of the ore block. The boreholes corresponding to the drilling roadway are blasted to introduce the free face from the initial mining of the ore block into the second mining of the ore block. The cutting work in the second mining area is carried out in the order of upper section first, then lower section. In the upper section, the cutting work corresponding to the subsequent cutting level located on the short side is carried out by charging and blasting from the rock drilling roadway through the corner into the subsequent cutting level; the cutting work corresponding to the subsequent cutting level located on the long side is carried out by charging and blasting from the rock drilling roadway through the cutting level's charging path into the subsequent cutting level, using a self-introduced free-face retreating charging and blasting method; in the lower section, the cutting work on the side closer to the ore extraction roadway is carried out by entering the subsequent cutting level from the ore extraction roadway into the lower section. The cutting operation in the horizontal cutting tunnel involves blasting explosives. The cutting work on the side away from the ore extraction tunnel is initiated by the corresponding segment of the drilling tunnel, which enters the subsequent cutting horizontal cutting tunnel through the corner. In the cutting work of the second stope, a cutting groove is first formed by blasting on the short side, and then a cutting groove is formed on the long side. The formed cutting groove is used as a free face and compensation space to mine the subsequent part of the ore body. The subsequent mining is carried out by retreating mining along the drilling tunnel using positive discharge blasting, and the ore is extracted through the ore extraction vein. The mining progress of the lower section is slower than that of the upper section. After the second mining area is completed, the next mining area is cut and mined in sequence according to the steps of cutting and mining the second mining area. This includes introducing a free face from the mining area of ​​the previous mining area to form a cutting groove, and mining backward from the rock drilling roadway. Ore is extracted through the ore-extracting vein to complete the mining work of the entire block.

2. The mining method for continuous mining of thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation column is an ore body or interbedded rock inside the mining area; The thickness of the isolation column along the direction of the ore body is 5m-7m.

3. The mining method for continuous mining of thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The peach-shaped pillar is a rock mass structure formed by arranging fan-shaped positive row boreholes and blasting them in the rock drilling roadway with the natural angle of repose of the ore as the boundary of the fan-shaped boreholes. It is used to collect ore for mining. The peach-shaped pillar is provided with the ore-extraction vein and the ore-extraction roadway. The ore-extraction vein and the ore-extraction roadway are arranged at the bottom of the peach-shaped pillar. The ore-extraction vein connects the ore-extraction roadway and the rock-drilling roadway.

4. The mining method for continuous mining of thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: If the cutting well fails to align with the rock-drilling tunnel of the previous segment, it is connected to the rock-drilling tunnel and the cutting well by excavating a connecting tunnel in the previous segment.

5. The mining method for continuous mining of thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blasting process forms a cutting groove, including the following steps: The vertical blast holes around the cutting well are blasted to expand the free surface to the same width as the cross-section of the cutting tunnel and extend to the bottom of the cutting tunnel. The explosive charge is retracted along the cutting tunnel, and the vertical blast hole corresponding to the cutting tunnel is blasted. Complete the mining of the rock mass above the cutting tunnel to form a square cutting groove with the same length as the mining area, the same width as the cutting tunnel, and the same height of the layers.

6. A mine structure for continuous mining of thick ore bodies, characterized in that, The mining shall be carried out using the mining method for continuous mining of thick ore bodies as described in any one of claims 1 to 5; The mine structure includes: The mine includes the boundary of the ore body; mining areas divided along a first direction perpendicular to the strike of the ore body, the mining areas including sequentially adjacent first mining area, second mining area, ..., Nth mining area, where N is an integer greater than 2, the mining areas are separated by isolation pillars; the mining area is divided into at least two segments along a vertical direction; and drilling roadways are set in each segment along a second direction perpendicular to the strike of the ore body, wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular; ore-exporting veins are set in the bottom segment of the mining area, the ore-exporting veins are obliquely connected to the drilling roadways, the bottom segment of the mining area is divided into two parts of unequal size by the drilling roadways, wherein a peach-shaped pillar is preset on the larger side, and segment roadways are set in each segment, the segment roadways extending along the strike of the ore body; In the first mining area, a cutting ramp is provided at the ore body boundary of the drilling roadway in each of the aforementioned segments. The cutting ramp is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the drilling roadway. The cutting ramp is connected to the drilling roadway of the previous segment through a cutting riser. The cutting riser of the bottom segment is located on the side away from the preset peach-shaped pillar. An ore extraction roadway is provided in the preset peach-shaped pillar, which is parallel to the drilling roadway. The ore extraction vein connects the drilling roadway and the ore extraction roadway. Vertically upward drill holes are arranged in the cutting ramp. The cutting riser serves as a blasting free face and compensation space. From the second to the Nth mining area, there are subsequent cutting level roadways. These subsequent cutting level roadways are arranged along the isolation columns in the second mining area. The intersection of the subsequent cutting level roadway and the drilling roadway forms a first corner and a second corner. The first corner and the second corner are located opposite each other on both sides of the drilling roadway. The first corner is located on the side away from the ore extraction roadway, and the second corner is located on the side closer to the ore extraction roadway. In the other sections besides the bottom section, a cutting level roadway charging entrance is also provided at the second corner. The subsequent cutting level roadway and the drilling roadway are obliquely connected through the cutting level roadway charging entrance. Vertically upward boreholes are provided in the isolation column area and the subsequent cutting level roadway. The mining area also has fan-shaped positive row boreholes.

7. The mine structure for continuous mining of thick ore bodies according to claim 6, characterized in that, The thickness of the isolation column along the direction of the ore body is 5m-7m.

8. The mine structure for continuous mining of thick ore bodies according to claim 6, characterized in that, The peach-shaped pillar is provided with the ore-extraction vein and the ore-extraction roadway. The ore-extraction vein and the ore-extraction roadway are arranged at the bottom of the peach-shaped pillar. The ore-extraction vein connects the ore-extraction roadway and the rock-drilling roadway.

9. The mine structure for continuous mining of thick ore bodies according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first mining area also includes a connecting roadway, and the cutting riser is connected to the rock drilling roadway through the connecting roadway, wherein the connecting roadway and the rock drilling roadway are located in the same section.

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