Chamber supporting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a chamber supporting method, which relates to the technical field of chamber supporting and comprises the following steps of: firstly, drilling holes in the inner wall of a chamber according to design, cleaning the holes, injecting an anchoring agent, inserting an anchor rod, stirring and tensioning; fixing the supporting steel plate with the connecting hole with the anchor rod; installing customized arc-shaped steel plates, and connecting the customized arc-shaped steel plates with the top anchor rods and the top ends of the supporting steel plates; fixing a vertical steel plate, wherein two ends of the vertical steel plate are respectively connected with the arc-shaped steel plate and an anchor rod at the bottom of the chamber; then arranging a transverse steel plate at a distance of 1-3 meters in the height direction of the supporting steel plate, and fixing the transverse steel plate and the supporting steel plate through welding or high-strength bolts; and finally, fixing steps made of steel to the end parts of the transverse steel plates. According to the method, the supporting structure is stable, the space above the transverse steel plate can be used for storing objects and allowing people to have a rest, efficient utilization of the chamber space is achieved, and the method is suitable for various chamber supporting scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel support technology, specifically a tunnel support method. Background Technology

[0002] In underground mining areas, chambers are critical spatial structures, and support technology plays a vital role in ensuring the stability and safety of chambers.

[0003] From a stability perspective, common masonry arch support is a passive support method. The masonry arch support only provides support after the surrounding rock of the chamber deforms under pressure. Moreover, masonry arch support is a rigid support; the arch is prone to breakage under pressure. Once the masonry arch fails, the overall support effect is severely affected, or even lost, making it difficult to maintain the stability of the chamber effectively in the long term. In some underground chambers in mines, due to long-term ground pressure, masonry arch support has experienced cracking and spalling of the arch, leading to local instability and threatening the safety of personnel and equipment.

[0004] In terms of construction convenience, traditional support methods also have shortcomings. To meet the support requirements, the arch body of masonry arch support is designed to be relatively thick, generally 300-500mm, which greatly increases the amount of excavation work in the chamber and requires the use of more support materials.

[0005] In addition, traditional support methods are lacking in functional diversity, often only meeting basic support needs and struggling to provide additional functions. With the development of underground engineering, the functional requirements for chambers are becoming increasingly diversified. To address these issues, this invention proposes an innovative chamber support method. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for chamber support.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for supporting a chamber, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: According to the design spacing and row spacing, use an anchor drilling machine to drill holes in the inner wall of the tunnel. The drilling depth is slightly deeper than the anchoring length of the anchor rod. After cleaning the hole, inject anchoring agent into the hole, insert the anchor rod and stir to fill the gap between the anchor rod and the hole wall with anchoring agent, and then perform tensioning operation on the prestressed anchor rod.

[0009] Step 2: Make connection holes corresponding to the anchor rods on the support steel plate, move the support steel plate to the installation position so that the connection holes are aligned with the anchor rods, and fix the support steel plate and the anchor rods in place;

[0010] Step 3: Customize an arc-shaped steel plate according to the curvature of the top of the chamber and open connection holes. Hoist the arc-shaped steel plate to the top of the chamber and fix it to the anchor rod. Also fix the top of the arc-shaped steel plate to the top of the supporting steel plate.

[0011] Step 4: Fix the top of the vertical steel plate to the curved steel plate, and fix the bottom of the vertical steel plate to the anchor rod at the bottom of the chamber.

[0012] Step 5: Install horizontal steel plates at 1-3 meter intervals along the height of the supporting steel plate. Install connecting ear plates or connecting holes at corresponding positions on both sides of the supporting steel plate. Hoist the horizontal steel plates to the installation position and fix them to the supporting steel plate by welding or high-strength bolts. Tighten the bolts to the specified torque value when connecting them.

[0013] Step Six: Use steel to make a staircase, hoist the staircase to the end of the horizontal steel plate, and fix the staircase to one end of the horizontal steel plate.

[0014] Preferably, two adjacent supporting steel plates are fixedly connected.

[0015] Preferably, the step width is 30-40 cm and the height is 15-20 cm.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for supporting a chamber, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The scheme adopts a combination of Φ22mm high-strength threaded steel anchor bolts and multi-layer steel plates for support. The dense arrangement of anchor bolts with a spacing of 1.2m×1.2m, combined with a tension force of 180kN, forms a stable support system. Q235B steel plates are connected by welding and bolts to achieve full coverage. The arc-shaped steel plates are adapted to the arc-shaped top structure, and the vertical steel plates ensure the verticality of the side walls. The overall structure can effectively disperse the pressure of Class IV surrounding rock, reduce the risk of deformation and collapse of the chamber, and significantly improve the long-term stability and safety of the chamber.

[0018] 2. Horizontal steel plates are installed at 2m intervals, forming a neat storage and rest space above them. The horizontal steel plates are made of 4m long Q235B steel, which, after being firmly connected to the supporting steel plates, provides reliable load-bearing capacity. Materials can be stored in layers, avoiding the obstruction of passage space caused by ground-level stacking. At the same time, each layer can accommodate workers for temporary rest, solving the problem of the lack of fixed rest areas for underground workers, and achieving dual optimization of support function and space utilization.

[0019] 3. The staircase design facilitates passage between the upper and lower levels of the chamber. The 35cm wide and 18cm high steps are ergonomically designed, and the 1.2m long steps allow multiple people to ascend and descend simultaneously. Furthermore, the steps are welded to the horizontal steel plates, with a weld height of no less than 8mm, ensuring safe passage. In addition, standardized bolts and welding processes are used to connect the steel plates, making installation and disassembly convenient. During later maintenance, components can be replaced selectively, reducing operation and maintenance costs and operational difficulty.

[0020] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it according to the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Specific embodiments of the present invention are given in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in this invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a side view of the supporting steel plate, the transverse steel plate, and the steps in this invention.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Supporting steel plate; 2. Curved steel plate; 3. Horizontal steel plate; 4. Vertical steel plate; 5. Steps. Detailed Implementation

[0025] For the support of a rectangular cross-section chamber in an underground mine, the chamber dimensions are 4m wide and 3.5m high, and the surrounding rock grade is IV (medium stability). Please combine this with... Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0026] Step 1: Anchor Bolt Installation

[0027] According to the design plan, high-strength threaded steel anchors with a diameter of 22mm and a length of 2.5m are used, with a spacing of 1.2m × 1.2m (row spacing × spacing). An MQT-130 anchor drilling rig is used to drill holes in the inner wall of the tunnel, with a diameter of 28mm and a depth controlled at 2.6m (0.1m deeper than the anchor length). After drilling, high-pressure air is used to clean the holes, removing rock powder and debris. CK2350 resin anchoring agent is injected into the holes, and the anchors are inserted into the holes and stirred by the drilling rig for 30 seconds to ensure the anchoring agent evenly fills the gap between the anchor and the hole wall. After standing for 15 minutes to allow the anchoring agent to solidify, a YCD-200 tensioning jack is used to tension the anchors, with the tension force controlled at 180kN. After tensioning, the anchors are locked with nuts.

[0028] Step 2: Installation of support steel plate 1

[0029] The supporting steel plate 1 is made of Q235B steel, with dimensions of 1.2m × 1.0m × 10mm (length × width × thickness). Φ24mm connection holes are drilled on the steel plate according to the anchor bolt spacing. The supporting steel plate 1 is hoisted to its installation position on the side wall of the chamber using manual labor and small hoisting equipment. The connection holes are aligned with the anchor bolts, and after the anchor bolts are inserted, flat washers, spring washers, and nuts are installed in sequence. The nuts are tightened to a torque of 300 N·m using a torque wrench. Adjacent supporting steel plates 1 are lap-welded together, with an overlap length of 50mm and a weld height of not less than 8mm. After welding, the weld slag is cleaned to ensure a tight fit between the supporting steel plate 1 and the inner wall of the chamber, with an overall flatness error not exceeding 3mm.

[0030] Step 3: Installation of curved steel plate 2

[0031] A custom-made arc-shaped steel plate 2, made of Q235B material, is designed according to the arc radius of the top of the chamber (2.5m in this embodiment). Its dimensions are 1.2m × 0.8m × 12mm (arc length × width × thickness), and connection holes are made at the corresponding anchor bolt positions. The arc-shaped steel plate 2 is hoisted to the top of the chamber using a hoist, and its position is adjusted so that the connection holes are aligned with the top anchor bolts. It is then fixed to the anchor bolts with nuts, with a tightening torque of 320 N·m. An angle steel connector is used to connect the top of the arc-shaped steel plate 2 to the supporting steel plate 1. One end of the connector is welded to the arc-shaped steel plate 2, and the other end is bolted to the supporting steel plate 1. The bolt specifications are M20 × 50mm, ensuring a secure connection.

[0032] Step 4: Installation of vertical steel plate 4

[0033] The vertical steel plate 4 is made of Q235B steel, with dimensions of 2.5m × 0.6m × 10mm (height × width × thickness). Anchor bolts are installed by drilling holes at the designed spacing at the bottom of the chamber. The bottom end of the vertical steel plate 4 is fitted onto the bottom anchor bolt and secured with nuts. The top end is bevel-welded to the curved steel plate 2, with a weld length of half the width of the vertical steel plate 4 and a weld height of not less than 10mm. During installation, a level is used to correct the verticality of the vertical steel plate 4, ensuring that its deviation is no greater than 1‰.

[0034] Step 5: Installation of horizontal steel plate 3

[0035] The transverse steel plate 3 is made of Q235B steel, with dimensions of 4m × 0.3m × 10mm (length × width × thickness). Connecting lugs (1.2m spacing) are welded to corresponding height positions on both sides of the supporting steel plate 1. In this embodiment, the transverse steel plates 3 are installed at 2m intervals, with a total of two plates. The transverse steel plates 3 are hoisted to the installation height using hoisting equipment, aligning the connecting lugs with the supporting steel plate 1. They are then connected using M20 high-strength bolts, with a bolt tightening torque of 280 N·m. The intersections of the transverse steel plates 3 and the vertical steel plates 4 are fixed by spot welding to prevent displacement.

[0036] Step Six: Install Step 5

[0037] Step 5 is made of Φ20mm threaded steel and 5mm thick checkered steel plate, with a step width of 35cm, a height of 18cm, and a step length of 1.2m. The completed step 5 is hoisted to the end of the transverse steel plate 3, and the load-bearing frame of step 5 is fixedly connected to the transverse steel plate 3 by welding. The weld height is not less than 8mm. After welding, the weld is visually inspected to ensure that there are no defects such as cracks or undercut.

[0038] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Those skilled in the art can readily implement the present invention based on the accompanying drawings and the above description. However, any modifications, alterations, or variations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention, utilizing the disclosed technical content, are equivalent embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, any modifications, alterations, or variations made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for supporting a chamber, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: According to the design spacing and row spacing, use an anchor drilling machine to drill holes in the inner wall of the tunnel. The drilling depth is slightly deeper than the anchoring length of the anchor rod. After cleaning the hole, inject anchoring agent into the hole, insert the anchor rod and stir to fill the gap between the anchor rod and the hole wall with anchoring agent, and then perform tensioning operation on the prestressed anchor rod. Step 2: Make connection holes corresponding to the anchor rods on the support steel plate, move the support steel plate to the installation position so that the connection holes are aligned with the anchor rods, and fix the support steel plate and the anchor rods in place; Step 3: Customize an arc-shaped steel plate according to the curvature of the top of the chamber and open connection holes. Hoist the arc-shaped steel plate to the top of the chamber and fix it to the anchor rod. Also fix the top of the arc-shaped steel plate to the top of the supporting steel plate. Step 4: Fix the top of the vertical steel plate to the curved steel plate, and fix the bottom of the vertical steel plate to the anchor rod at the bottom of the chamber. Step 5: Install horizontal steel plates at 1-3 meter intervals along the height of the supporting steel plate. Install connecting ear plates or connecting holes at corresponding positions on both sides of the supporting steel plate. Hoist the horizontal steel plates to the installation position and fix them to the supporting steel plate by welding or high-strength bolts. Tighten the bolts to the specified torque value when connecting them. Step Six: Use steel to make a staircase, hoist the staircase to the end of the horizontal steel plate, and fix the staircase to one end of the horizontal steel plate.

2. The method for supporting a chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two adjacent supporting steel plates are fixedly connected.

3. The method for supporting a chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of the staircase are 30-40 cm wide and 15-20 cm high.

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