A flood regulating sluice and method for water engineering

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of flood discharge gates and discloses a water conservancy project flood regulating and discharging gate and a use method thereof, which comprises a bottom plate, two side piers fixedly installed on the bottom plate, a flood discharge slope fixedly connected with one end of the bottom plate, a main gate slidingly installed between the two side piers, a lifting frame fixedly installed at the upper ends of the two side piers, a winch fixedly installed on the lifting frame, and a steel wire rope fixedly connected between the output end of the winch and the upper end of the main gate. The water flow drives the paddle to move, the rotating shaft drives the rotating disc to rotate, the sliding rod slides along the centrifugal groove to the edge of the rotating disc under the action of the centrifugal force, the arc-shaped plate is continuously limited by the sliding rod to drive the sliding block to move upwards, the pressure sensing plate senses the pressure and controls the cylinder to extend to the corresponding gear position, the wedge-shaped block drives the water guide plate to rotate, the end portion of the water guide plate rotates upwards to reduce the angle of the flood interception, and the water flow in the flood flow channel is prevented from being too much to increase the load of the water turbine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of floodgate technology, specifically to a floodgate and method for controlling flood discharge in water conservancy projects. Background Technology

[0002] A floodgate is a comprehensive water gate facility in water conservancy projects that combines water level regulation and flood control and discharge functions. It is usually built on natural rivers or canals. Its core function is to achieve dynamic balance of water resources by opening and closing the gate. The main structure includes the gate, gate slot, lifting mechanism and control room. During the dry season, the gate is closed to impound river water, raise the upstream water level, and precisely control the water flow to ensure the needs of agricultural irrigation and urban water supply. During the flood season, the gate is opened to discharge floodwater and control the downstream flow to reduce the flood control pressure downstream. When the water level exceeds the warning line in the early stage, the gate is opened slightly to conduct trial discharge. During the flood peak, the gate is fully opened to release the excess water and discharge floodwater to prevent the dam from being under too much pressure or overflowing and collapsing. At the same time, during the flood peak receding period, the tail floodwater is impounded and converted into subsequent irrigation or power generation resources.

[0003] When floodgates discharge floodwater, they release a large amount of water. Existing floodgates typically lack dedicated channels for guiding the water flow during flood discharge, preventing the use of this water for power generation and resulting in resource waste. The high-speed water flow during flood discharge is highly turbulent, containing numerous air bubbles, vortices, and impurities, making it difficult to form a controllable flow pattern. Hydropower generation requires stable laminar flow to drive the turbines efficiently; turbulence can lead to very low turbine efficiency, or even cause turbine vibration shutdowns. Furthermore, the flood discharge objective of controlled floodgates is rapid drainage, requiring the release of water volumes far exceeding power generation needs in a short period, especially during the initial flood discharge when the flow velocity and pressure are high, potentially exceeding the generator set's capacity. Forcibly directing floodwater into the turbines could cause blade cavitation or vibration damage, leading to unnecessary economic losses and resource waste. Therefore, we propose a controlled floodgate and method for hydraulic engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a flood control gate and method for water conservancy projects to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a flood control gate for a water conservancy project, comprising a base plate, two side piers fixedly installed on the base plate, a flood discharge slope fixedly connected to one end of the base plate, a main gate slidably installed between the two side piers, a lifting frame fixedly installed on the upper end of the two side piers, a winch fixedly installed on the lifting frame, a wire rope fixedly connected between the output end of the winch and the upper end of the main gate, a floating debris cleaning device fixedly installed between the two side piers, and two vortex cylinders fixedly installed on the flood discharge slope, each of which contains a water turbine for hydroelectric power generation;

[0006] Two first guide plates and two baffles are symmetrically fixedly installed on the flood discharge slope. The upper end of each baffle is fixedly connected to the corresponding side pier, and the lower end of each first guide plate is fixedly connected to the corresponding vortex cylinder. Each first guide plate and the corresponding baffle form a flood channel, and each flood channel is connected to the corresponding vortex cylinder. A water guide plate for guiding flood is rotatably installed on the upper end of each first guide plate, and a wedge block is fixedly installed on the lower end of each water guide plate. Each wedge block is located inside the flood discharge slope, and a cylinder is fixedly installed inside the flood discharge slope. A wedge plate that cooperates with the wedge block is fixedly installed at the output end of the cylinder.

[0007] Preferably, a rotating shaft is rotatably installed between the two side piers. Several blades arranged in a circular pattern are fixedly installed at both ends of the rotating shaft. A turntable is fixedly installed at one end of the rotating shaft. The turntable is rotatably installed inside the corresponding side pier. Several centrifugal grooves are arranged in a circular pattern on the turntable. A sliding rod is slidably installed in each centrifugal groove. A first spring is fixedly connected between each sliding rod and the inner wall of the corresponding centrifugal groove. A pressure sensing plate for controlling the extension amount of the cylinder is fixedly installed on the top inner wall of the corresponding side pier. An arc-shaped plate limited by the sliding rod is provided at the lower end of the pressure sensing plate.

[0008] Preferably, a slider is fixedly installed on the upper end of the arc-shaped plate, and a second spring is fixedly connected between the upper end of the slider and the lower end of the pressure sensing plate. Two guide plates for limiting the slider are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the side block. Each guide plate has an inclined surface on one side, and several arc-shaped grooves are provided on the inclined surface. The arc-shaped grooves are arranged vertically and the radius gradually increases from bottom to top. Elastic blocks that are limited by the arc-shaped grooves are fixedly installed on both sides of the slider.

[0009] Preferably, a ratchet is fixedly installed at the lower end of each of the water guide plates, and two pawls for limiting the ratchet are rotatably installed inside the flood discharge slope. A third spring is fixedly connected to one end of each pawl and the inner wall of the flood discharge slope.

[0010] Preferably, a triangular plate is fixedly installed at the lower end of each pawl, and two stop bars for limiting the triangular plate are symmetrically fixedly installed on the inner wall of the flood discharge slope. Limiting components are fixedly installed on both sides of the upper end of the wedge plate, and several telescopic blocks are slidably installed in each limiting component. One end of each telescopic block is set into a wedge shape that cooperates with the triangular plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the corresponding limiting component with a fourth spring.

[0011] Preferably, each of the side piers is provided with a water guide channel, and two second guide plates are symmetrically fixedly installed on the flood discharge slope. The upper end of each second guide plate is fixedly connected to the corresponding side pier, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the corresponding vortex cylinder. Each second guide plate and the corresponding partition form a current-generating channel, and both ends of each current-generating channel are connected to the corresponding water guide channel and the flood channel.

[0012] Preferably, each of the side piers is vertically slidably installed with a side gate, and the upper end of each side gate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the main gate with a cable. The lower end of the lifting frame is fixedly installed with two pulley groups for limiting the cable.

[0013] Preferably, the partition plate is rotatably mounted with a rotating plate for guiding the water flow in the flood channel and the power generation channel, and a number of water-proof strips are fixedly installed in each flood channel, with each water-proof strip having a wedge-shaped arrangement at both ends.

[0014] Preferably, a number of mud-retaining slopes are fixedly installed on the base plate to reduce the impact of mud and sand on the blades and water guide plates. One end of each mud-retaining slope is fixedly connected to the corresponding side pier, and the other end is set in an arc shape along the water flow direction. The side of each mud-retaining slope that first contacts the water is set as a slope surface.

[0015] A method for using a flood control gate in a water conservancy project, specifically including the following steps:

[0016] S1. Collect and evaluate hydrological data, monitor upstream water levels and inflow in real time, and observe rainfall forecasts and watershed soil saturation.

[0017] S2. Confirm the working status of the winch, water turbine, and cylinder to ensure they are functioning properly;

[0018] S3. When the floodgate is not opened for flood discharge, the main gate is lowered, and the cable pulls up the side gates on both sides. The water flows smoothly into the power generation channel through the water guide channel, and then into the flood channel from the power generation channel, and finally into the vortex tube to drive the turbine to generate electricity.

[0019] S4. When flood discharge is required, the winch lifts the main gate, and the side gate slides downward under its own weight to block the water guide channel. The water flow drives the blades to move, causing the rotating shaft to drive the turntable to rotate. The sliding rod is subjected to centrifugal force and slides towards the edge of the turntable. The arc plate is continuously limited by the sliding rod, causing the slider to move upward. The pressure sensing plate senses the pressure and controls the cylinder to extend to the corresponding position. The wedge plate pushes the wedge block to drive the water guide plate to rotate. The angle of the water guide plate to intercept the flood decreases, and the water flow into the flood channel decreases, preventing excessive water flow in the flood channel from increasing the load on the turbine.

[0020] S5. During the cylinder extension process, the inclined surface of the telescopic block is pushed to contact the inclined surface of the triangular plate. The telescopic block retracts into the limiting part. The ratchet limits the ratchet wheel and the stop bar limits the triangular plate to prevent the end of the water guide plate from rotating downward due to the impact of the water flow. When the cylinder retracts, the straight surface of the telescopic block contacts the straight surface of the triangular plate, which drives the triangular plate and the ratchet to rotate, releasing the ratchet from limiting the ratchet wheel. The push of the water flow and the weight of the water guide plate cause the end of the water guide plate to rotate downward. After the cylinder retracts to one position, the elastic force of the third spring pushes the ratchet and the triangular plate to reset. The ratchet limits the next tooth of the ratchet wheel and supports the water guide plate to reduce the load on the cylinder.

[0021] S6. Maintain real-time monitoring of the flood discharge volume. When the flood discharge volume decreases and the reservoir water level drops to a safe range, lower the main gate.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] This invention utilizes water flow to drive the blades, causing the shaft to rotate the turntable. As the turntable rotates, the sliding rod is subjected to centrifugal force and slides along the centrifugal groove towards the edge of the turntable. The arc-shaped plate, continuously limited by the sliding rod, drives the slider upward. The elastic blocks on both sides of the slider deform and enter the next arc-shaped groove. At this time, the pressure sensing plate senses the pressure and controls the cylinder to extend to the corresponding position. The wedge block drives the water guide plate to rotate. The upward rotation of the end of the water guide plate reduces the angle of flood interception and the water flow entering the flood channel, preventing excessive water flow in the flood channel from increasing the load on the turbine.

[0024] This invention utilizes the fact that the limiting force on the elastic block increases from bottom to top due to the increasing size of the arc groove. As the elastic block deforms, the pulling force of the arc groove gradually increases from bottom to top. Only when the centrifugal force generated by the turntable increases to a certain extent can the slide rod push the arc plate upward a specified distance, allowing the elastic block to enter the next arc groove. The cylinder extension range increases accordingly by one level to prevent the slide rod's movement distance from vibrating when water flow fluctuations affect the rotational speed of the shaft, thus preventing continuous changes in the pressure sensed by the pressure sensing plate. This controls the cylinder to continuously adjust the water guide plate.

[0025] This invention utilizes a cylinder to drive two limiting members and a wedge plate to move synchronously. When the cylinder extends, the inclined surface of the telescopic block contacts the inclined surface of the triangular plate, and then the telescopic block retracts into the limiting member. After the cylinder extends completely, several stops are added, and several telescopic blocks pass through the triangular plate. The ratchet pawl limits the ratchet wheel, and the stop bar limits the triangular plate, preventing the end of the water guide plate from rotating downward due to water flow impact. This reduces the load on the cylinder during the water guide plate's flow. When the cylinder retracts, the straight surface of the telescopic block contacts the straight surface of the triangular plate, causing the triangular plate and ratchet to rotate, releasing the ratchet pawl's limit on the ratchet wheel. The water flow and the weight of the water guide plate cause the end of the water guide plate to rotate downward. After the cylinder retracts to one stop, the elastic force of the third spring pushes the ratchet pawl and triangular plate back to their original positions. Each time the cylinder extends or retracts by one stop, the ratchet wheel rotates by a corresponding angle, thus supporting the water guide plate. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the flood discharge slope structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the side gate structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the flood channel of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the mud-retaining slope structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating shaft structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the turntable structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of region A in the middle;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the water guide plate structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the wedge-shaped plate structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the ratchet structure of the present invention.

[0037] In the diagram: 1. Base plate; 2. Side pier; 3. Lifting frame; 4. Flood discharge slope; 5. Main gate; 6. Winch; 7. Wire rope; 8. Vortex cylinder; 9. Turbine; 10. First guide plate; 11. Baffle plate; 12. Second guide plate; 13. Flood channel; 14. Power generation channel; 15. Rotating plate; 16. Water-tight strip; 17. Water guide channel; 18. Side gate; 19. Cable; 20. Pulley block; 21. Mud retaining slope; 22. Rotating shaft; 23. Blade; 24. Turntable; 25. 16. Centrifuge tank; 27. Slide bar; 28. First spring; 29. ​​Arc plate; 30. Slider; 31. Second spring; 32. Pressure sensing plate; 33. Elastic block; 34. Guide plate; 35. Arc groove; 36. Water guide plate; 37. Wedge block; 38. Cylinder; 39. Wedge plate; 40. Ratchet; 41. Pawl; 42. Third spring; 43. Triangular plate; 44. Stop bar; 45. Limiting component; 46. Telescopic block; 47. Fourth spring; 48. Floating debris cleaning device. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Please see Figures 1-11This invention provides a technical solution: a flood discharge gate for a water conservancy project, comprising a base plate 1, two side piers 2 fixedly installed on the base plate 1, a flood discharge slope 4 fixedly connected to one end of the base plate 1, a main gate 5 slidably installed between the two side piers 2, a lifting frame 3 fixedly installed on the upper end of the two side piers 2, a winch 6 fixedly installed on the lifting frame 3, a wire rope 7 fixedly connected between the output end of the winch 6 and the upper end of the main gate 5, a floating debris cleaning device 47 fixedly installed between the two side piers 2 (the floating debris cleaning device is a known existing structure used to clean floating garbage on the water surface, so this invention will not elaborate further), two vortex cylinders 8 fixedly installed on the flood discharge slope 4, each vortex cylinder 8 containing a water turbine 9 for hydroelectric power generation, and the flood discharge slope 4... Two first guide plates 10 and two baffles 11 are symmetrically fixedly installed on the upper part of the spillway slope 4. The upper end of each baffle 11 is fixedly connected to the corresponding side pier 2, and the lower end of each first guide plate 10 is fixedly connected to the corresponding vortex cylinder 8. A flood channel 13 is formed between each first guide plate 10 and the corresponding baffle 11, and each flood channel 13 is connected to the corresponding vortex cylinder 8. A water guide channel 17 is provided in each side pier 2. Two second guide plates 12 are symmetrically fixedly installed on the spillway slope 4. The upper end of each second guide plate 12 is fixedly connected to the corresponding side pier 2, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the corresponding vortex cylinder 8. A current generation channel 14 is formed between each second guide plate 12 and the corresponding baffle 11, and both ends of each current generation channel 14 are connected to the corresponding water guide channel 17 and the flood channel 8. The water flow channel 13 is interconnected. Each side pier 2 has a side gate 18 vertically slidably installed inside. The upper end of each side gate 18 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the main gate 5 with a cable 19. The lower end of the lifting frame 3 is fixedly installed with two pulley blocks 20 for limiting the cable 19. A rotating plate 15 is rotatably installed on the partition plate 11 to guide the water flow in the flood channel 13 and the power generation channel 14. Several water-proof strips 16 are fixedly installed in each flood channel 13. Each water-proof strip 16 has wedge-shaped ends. When the gate is not open for flood discharge, the main gate 5 falls, and the side gates 18 on both sides are pulled up by the cable 19. The water flows smoothly into the power generation channel 14 through the water guide channel 17. The water flow pushes the rotating plate 15 to flip into the flood channel 13 to prevent the water flow from passing through the flood channel. Water flows out from the upper inlet of channel 13 and into the flood channel 13 via the power generation channel 14, eventually flowing into the vortex tube 8. The height difference created by the spillway slope 4 provides sufficient potential energy to drive the turbine 9 to operate smoothly and generate electricity. When the gate is opened for flood discharge, the winch 6 lifts the main gate 5, and the side gate 18 slides downwards under its own weight to seal the guide channel 17, preventing the simultaneous influx of water into the flood channel 13 and the power generation channel 14, which would overload the turbine 9. After the floodwater flows into the flood channel 13, its kinetic energy is reduced to a certain extent after being separated by the water-blocking strip 16, preventing excessive impact force and disrupting and eliminating vortices in the water flow. The rotating plate 15 is pushed by the water flow towards the power generation channel 14, preventing floodwater from entering the power generation channel 14 and causing energy loss.Furthermore, guided by the wedge-shaped surface of the rear section of the water-proof strip 16, the water flowing after passing through the water-proof strip 16 will flow together towards the inner wall of the first guide plate 10, and then along the inner wall of the first guide plate 10 towards the inner wall of the vortex cylinder 8. This allows the water flow to better form a directional vortex within the vortex cylinder 8 to drive the turbine 9. The water flowing through the turbine 9 within the vortex cylinder 8 will be discharged from the drain outlet at the bottom of the vortex cylinder 8 onto the flood discharge slope 4.

[0040] Each first guide plate 10 has a rotatable guide plate 35 for guiding floodwater at its upper end. The lower end of the guide plate 35 is made of elastic material to facilitate a tight fit between the lower end and the flood discharge slope 4 when rotating. A wedge block 36 is fixedly installed at the lower end of each guide plate 35. Each wedge block 36 is located inside the flood discharge slope 4. A cylinder 37 is fixedly installed inside the flood discharge slope 4. A wedge plate 38 that cooperates with the wedge block 36 is fixedly installed at the output end of the cylinder 37. A rotating shaft 22 is rotatably installed between the two side piers 2. Several blades 23 arranged in a circle are fixedly installed at both ends of the rotating shaft 22. The bottom plate 1 Several mud-retaining slopes 21 are fixedly installed on the upper part to reduce the impact of silt on the impeller 23 and the guide plate 35. One end of each mud-retaining slope 21 is fixedly connected to the corresponding side pier 2, and the other end is set in an arc shape along the water flow direction. The side of each mud-retaining slope 21 that first contacts the water is set as a slope surface. A turntable 24 is fixedly installed on one end of the rotating shaft 22. The turntable 24 is rotatably installed in the corresponding side pier 2. Several centrifugal tanks 25 are arranged in a circle on the turntable 24. A sliding rod 26 is slidably installed in each centrifugal tank 25. Each sliding rod 26 is in contact with the inner wall of the corresponding centrifugal tank 25. A first spring 27 is fixedly connected. A pressure sensing plate 31 for controlling the extension of the cylinder 37 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top of the corresponding side pier 2. An arc-shaped plate 28 limited by a sliding rod 26 is provided at the lower end of the pressure sensing plate 31. A slider 29 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the arc-shaped plate 28. A second spring 30 is fixedly connected between the upper end of the slider 29 and the lower end of the pressure sensing plate 31. Two guide plates 33 for limiting the slider 29 are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the corresponding side pier 2. Each guide plate 33 has a sloping side, and several arc-shaped grooves 34 are provided on the sloping side. The slide blocks 29 are arranged vertically, with their radius gradually increasing from bottom to top. Both sides of the slide block 29 are fixedly fitted with elastic blocks 32 limited by arc-shaped grooves 34. When the floodgates are opened for discharge, the floodwater passes through the mud-retaining slope 21, and the sediment at the bottom of the water flows along the slope of the mud-retaining slope 21 towards the middle position of the two side piers 2, thereby reducing the impact of the sediment at the bottom of the water on the blades 23 and the guide plates 35. Simultaneously, the water flow drives the blades 23 to move, causing the rotating shaft 22 to drive the turntable 24 to rotate. As the turntable 24 rotates, the sliding rod 26, under the action of centrifugal force, overcomes the elastic force of the first spring 27 and slides along the centrifugal groove 25 towards the edge of the turntable 24. (See attached diagram.) Figure 7As shown, in the initial state, the elastic force of the first spring 27 pulls the slide bar 26 back to the initial end of the centrifugal tank 25. The gravity of the arc plate 28 and the slider 29, as well as the elastic force of the second spring 30, push the lower end of the arc plate 28 against one of the slide bars 26. At this time, the elastic blocks 32 on both sides of the slider 29 are located in the arc groove 34 at the lowest end of the guide plate 33. The second spring 30 is in a naturally extended state, and the pressure sensing plate 31 cannot sense the pressure. When the slide bar 26 slides along the centrifugal tank 25 under the action of centrifugal force, the arc plate 28 will drive the slider 29 to move upward under the continuous push of the slide bar 26. The elastic blocks 32 on both sides of the slider 29 will deform and enter the previous arc groove 34. At this time, the pressure sensing plate 31 will sense the pressure and control the cylinder 37 to extend to the corresponding position, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 9 As shown, when the cylinder 37 is not initially extended, the end of the guide plate 35 flips downward due to its own weight, so that the inclined surface of the wedge block 36 is always in close contact with the inclined surface of the wedge plate 38. When the cylinder 37 pushes the wedge plate 38, the wedge block 36 will drive the guide plate 35 to rotate, and the end of the guide plate 35 will rotate upward, thereby reducing the angle of flood interception, which in turn reduces the water flow rate entering the flood channel 13, preventing excessive water flow in the flood channel 13 from increasing the load on the turbine 9.

[0041] When the water flow velocity is faster and the pressure is greater, the rotation speed of the shaft 22 is also faster, the sliding distance of the slide bar 26 is also longer, the distance that pushes the arc plate 28 and the slider 29 to rise is longer, the pressure sensing plate 31 senses greater pressure, the extension length of the control cylinder 37 is greater, the rotation angle of the guide plate 35 is greater, and the interception angle of the flood is smaller, thus keeping the water flow in the flood channel 13 stable, which facilitates the smooth power generation of the turbine 9. Since the radius of the arc groove 34 gradually increases from bottom to top, the deformation and resistance required for the elastic block 32 to be inserted into the arc groove 34 at different heights are also affected. The resistance of the flow gradually increases. Therefore, only when the centrifugal force generated by the turntable 24 increases to a certain extent can the slide rod 26 push the arc plate 28 upward a specified distance, allowing the elastic block 32 to enter the arc groove 34 of the next stage. The extension of the cylinder 37 increases accordingly by one gear to prevent the slide rod 26 from vibrating due to changes in the rotational speed of the shaft 22 caused by water flow fluctuations. This avoids continuous changes in the pressure sensed by the pressure sensing plate 31, and further prevents the cylinder 37 from making frequent and unnecessary adjustments to the guide plate 35. During the initial flood discharge, the water flow velocity and... When all pressures are at their maximum, the centrifugal force of the rotating shaft 22 is at its maximum. The slide rod 26 moves to the end of the centrifugal tank 25, causing the elastic block 32 to engage in the uppermost arc-shaped groove 34 with the largest diameter. At this point, the pressure sensing plate 31 senses excessive pressure, extending the control cylinder 37 to its maximum position, causing the guide plate 35 to rotate to a vertical position. The upper end of the guide plate 35 will then adhere to the side pier 2, preventing excessively fast water flow from entering the flood channel 13. Furthermore, the guide plate 35 is no longer subjected to water pressure, reducing the load on the cylinder 37. As the flood discharge continues, the water flow velocity and pressure continuously decrease, and the rotating shaft... As the rotational speed of 22 decreases, the centrifugal force of the slide bar 26 decreases, and the sliding distance within the centrifugal groove 25 shortens. When the elastic force of the second spring 30 is greater than the deformation force required for the elastic block 32 to engage in the current arc groove 34, the second spring 30 pushes the slider 29 and the arc plate 28 downwards until the lower end of the arc plate 28 adheres to the slide bar 26. The slide bar 26 provides a certain supporting force, and the elastic block 32 engages in the next arc groove 34, causing the cylinder 37 to retract by one position, thereby increasing the interception angle of the water guide plate 35 against the flood and ensuring sufficient water flow into the flood channel 13.

[0042] Each water guide plate 35 has a ratchet 39 fixedly installed at its lower end. Two pawls 40 are rotatably installed inside the spillway slope 4 to limit the ratchet 39. One end of each pawl 40 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the spillway slope 4 with a third spring 41. A triangular plate 42 is fixedly installed at the lower end of each pawl 40. Two stop bars 43 are symmetrically fixedly installed on the inner wall of the spillway slope 4 to limit the rotation angle of the triangular plate 42. Limiting components 44 are fixedly installed on both sides of the upper end of the wedge plate 38. Several telescopic blocks 45 are slidably installed within each limiting component 44. Each telescopic block 45... One end of each block 45 is set in a wedge shape to cooperate with the triangular plate 42, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the corresponding limiting member 44 with a fourth spring 46. During the extension of the cylinder 37, the two limiting members 44 and the wedge plate 38 will move synchronously. After the inclined surface of the telescopic block 45 contacts the inclined surface of the triangular plate 42, the triangular plate 42 is limited by the stop strip 43, and the triangular plate 42 cannot rotate. The telescopic block 45 will be pressed back into the limiting member 44, and the fourth spring 46 will be compressed. After the telescopic block 45 passes the triangular plate 42, the elastic force of the fourth spring 46 pushes it to pop out. After cylinder 37 extends to its final position, the number of extension stops determines the number of telescopic blocks 45 passing through triangle plate 42. Simultaneously, the inclined surface of the telescopic block 45 at the current corresponding position will adhere to the inclined surface of triangle plate 42. The ratchet pawl 40 limits the ratchet 39, and the stop bar 43 limits the triangle plate 42, preventing the end of the guide plate 35 from rotating downwards due to water flow impact. This reduces the load on cylinder 37 during water flow guidance. When cylinder 37 retracts, the straight surface of the telescopic block 45 will contact the straight surface of triangle plate 42. As cylinder 37 retracts, it will drive triangle plate 42... The pawl 40 rotates, thereby causing the pawl 40 to overcome the elastic force of the third spring 41 and rotate, releasing the pawl 40 from limiting the ratchet 39. The push of the water flow and the weight of the water guide plate 35 cause the end of the water guide plate 35 to rotate downward. After the cylinder 37 retracts to one position, the corresponding telescopic block 45 will pass through the triangular plate 42. The elastic force of the third spring 41 will push the pawl 40 and the triangular plate 42 to reset. The pawl 40 limits the next tooth of the ratchet 39, so that the ratchet 39 rotates by a corresponding angle every time the cylinder 37 extends or retracts to one position, thereby supporting the water guide plate 35.

[0043] Specifically, when the floodgates are not open for discharge, the main gate 5 is lowered, and the side gates 18 on both sides are pulled up by the cable 19. Water flows smoothly into the power generation channel 14 through the guide channel 17, and then into the flood channel 13, and finally into the vortex cylinder 8. The height difference generated by the flood discharge slope 4 gives the water enough potential energy to drive the turbine 9 to operate smoothly and generate electricity. When the floodgates are open for discharge, the winch 6 lifts the main gate 5, and the weight of the side gates 18 causes them to slide downwards to block the guide channel 17. The floating debris removal device 47 removes floating debris from the water body passing through the main gate 5 to prevent floating debris from affecting the turbine 9. The silt at the bottom of the water flows along the slope of the mud retaining slope 21 to the middle position of the two side piers 2. At the same time, the water flow drives the blades 23 to move, causing the turbine to rotate. Shaft 22 drives turntable 24 to rotate. As turntable 24 rotates, slide rod 26 is subjected to centrifugal force, which overcomes the elastic force of the first spring 27 and slides along centrifugal groove 25 towards the edge of turntable 24. Through the arc plate 28, it is continuously limited by slide rod 26, which drives slider 29 to move upward. The elastic blocks 32 on both sides of slider 29 will deform and enter the previous arc groove 34. At this time, pressure sensing plate 31 will sense the pressure and control cylinder 37 to extend to the corresponding position. Wedge block 36 will drive water guide plate 35 to rotate. The end of water guide plate 35 rotates upward, thereby reducing the angle of flood interception and keeping the water flow into flood channel 13 stable. This prevents excessive water flow in flood channel 13 from increasing the load on turbine 9. The faster the water flow, the greater the pressure. As the rotational speed of the shaft 22 increases, the sliding distance of the slide bar 26 increases, the distance the arc plate 28 and slider 29 rise, the greater the pressure sensed by the pressure sensing plate 31, the greater the extension length of the control cylinder 37, the greater the rotation angle of the guide plate 35, and the smaller the interception angle of the flood, thus keeping the water flow in the flood channel 13 stable. When the centrifugal force generated by the turntable 24 increases to a certain extent, the slide bar 26 pushes the arc plate 28 upward a specified distance, causing the elastic block 32 to enter the upper arc groove 34. The extension of the cylinder 37 increases by one level accordingly. During the initial flood discharge, the flow rate and pressure of the water are at their maximum. At this time, the centrifugal force of the shaft 22 is at its maximum. The slide bar 26 moves to the end of the centrifugal groove 25 and causes the elastic block 32 to engage with the uppermost straight section. Within the largest arc-shaped groove 34, the pressure sensing plate 31 detects excessive pressure, causing the control cylinder 37 to extend to its maximum position. This rotates the guide plate 35 to a vertical position, with its upper end adhering to the side pier 2, preventing excessively fast-flowing water from entering the flood channel 13. As floodwater continues to flow, the flow rate and pressure decrease, reducing the rotational speed of the shaft 22 and decreasing the centrifugal force of the slide rod 26. The second spring 30 pushes the slider 29 and the arc-shaped plate 28 downwards, causing the elastic block 32 to engage in the next arc-shaped groove 34. This retracts the cylinder 37 by one position, increasing the interception angle of the guide plate 35 against the floodwater, ensuring sufficient water flow into the flood channel 13. During the extension of the cylinder 37, the two limiting members 44 and the wedge plate 38 move synchronously.After the inclined surface of the telescopic block 45 contacts the inclined surface of the triangular plate 42, the telescopic block 45 will retract into the limiting member 44. After the cylinder 37 extends completely, the number of stops it extends determines the number of telescopic blocks 45 passing through the triangular plate 42. At this time, the pawl 40 limits the ratchet 39, and the stop bar 43 limits the triangular plate 42, jointly preventing the end of the guide plate 35 from rotating downward due to the impact of the water flow. When the cylinder 37 retracts, the straight surface of the telescopic block 45 will contact the straight surface of the triangular plate 42. As the cylinder 37 retracts, it will drive the triangular plate 42 and the pawl 40 to rotate, and compress the third spring 41, releasing the pawl 40 from limiting the ratchet 39. The push of the water flow and the weight of the guide plate 35 cause the end of the guide plate 35 to rotate downward. After cylinder 37 retracts to one gear, the corresponding telescopic block 45 passes through triangle 42. The elastic force of the third spring 41 pushes pawl 40 and triangle 42 back to their original positions. Pawl 40 limits the next tooth of ratchet 39, so that ratchet 39 rotates by a corresponding angle each time cylinder 37 extends or retracts to one gear, thus supporting water guide plate 35. After floodwater flows into flood channel 13, its kinetic energy is reduced to a certain extent after being separated by water baffle 16. At the same time, it can separate and eliminate vortices in the water flow. The water flow after passing through water baffle 16 will flow together to the inner wall of the first guide plate 10, and then flow along the inner wall of the first guide plate 10 to the inner wall of the vortex cylinder 8, so that the water flow can better form a directional vortex in the vortex cylinder 8 to drive the turbine 9.

[0044] A method for using a flood control gate in a water conservancy project, specifically including the following steps:

[0045] S1. Collect and evaluate hydrological data, monitor upstream water levels and inflow in real time, and observe rainfall forecasts and watershed soil saturation.

[0046] S2. Confirm the working status of winch 6, water turbine 9, and cylinder 37 to ensure they can work normally;

[0047] S3. When the floodgate is not opened for flood discharge, the main gate 5 is lowered, and the cable 19 pulls up the side gates 18 on both sides. The water flows smoothly into the power generation channel 14 through the water guide channel 17, and then into the flood channel 13 from the power generation channel 14. Finally, it flows into the vortex tube 8 to drive the turbine 9 to work and generate electricity.

[0048] S4. When flood discharge is required, the winch 6 lifts the main gate 5, and the side gate 18 slides downward under its own weight to block the water guide channel 17. The water flow drives the blade 23 to move, causing the rotating shaft 22 to drive the turntable 24 to rotate. The sliding rod 26 slides towards the edge of the turntable 24 under the action of centrifugal force. The arc plate 28 is continuously limited by the sliding rod 26, which drives the slider 29 to move upward. The pressure sensing plate 31 senses the pressure and controls the cylinder 37 to extend to the corresponding position. The wedge plate 38 pushes the wedge block 36 to drive the water guide plate 35 to rotate. The angle of the water guide plate 35 to intercept the flood decreases, and the water flow into the flood channel 13 decreases, preventing the water flow in the flood channel 13 from increasing the load on the turbine 9.

[0049] S5. During the extension of cylinder 37, the inclined surface of telescopic block 45 is pushed to contact the inclined surface of triangular plate 42. Telescopic block 45 retracts into the limiting member 44. The ratchet 40 limits the ratchet 39, and the stop bar 43 limits the triangular plate 42, preventing the end of water guide plate 35 from rotating downward due to water flow impact. When cylinder 37 retracts, the straight surface of telescopic block 45 contacts the straight surface of triangular plate 42, causing triangular plate 42 and ratchet 40 to rotate, releasing the ratchet 40 from limiting ratchet 39. The push of water flow and the weight of water guide plate 35 cause the end of water guide plate 35 to rotate downward. After cylinder 37 retracts to one position, the elastic force of third spring 41 pushes ratchet 40 and triangular plate 42 to reset. Razor 40 limits the next tooth of ratchet 39 and supports water guide plate 35, reducing the load on cylinder 37.

[0050] S6. Maintain real-time monitoring of the flood discharge volume. When the flood discharge volume decreases and the reservoir water level drops to a safe range, lower the main gate 5.

[0051] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0052] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A flood control gate for a water conservancy project, comprising a base plate (1), two side piers (2) fixedly installed on the base plate (1), and a flood discharge slope (4) fixedly connected to one end of the base plate (1), characterized in that: A main gate (5) is slidably installed between the two side piers (2). A lifting frame (3) is fixedly installed on the upper end of the two side piers (2). A winch (6) is fixedly installed on the lifting frame (3). A wire rope (7) is fixedly connected between the output end of the winch (6) and the upper end of the main gate (5). A floating debris cleaning device (47) is fixedly installed between the two side piers (2). Two vortex cylinders (8) are fixedly installed on the flood discharge slope (4). A water turbine (9) for hydropower generation is fixedly installed inside each vortex cylinder (8). Two first guide plates (10) and two partitions (11) are symmetrically fixedly installed on the flood discharge slope (4). The upper end of each partition (11) is fixedly connected to the corresponding side pier (2). The lower end of each first guide plate (10) is fixedly connected to the corresponding vortex cylinder (8). Each first guide plate (10) and the corresponding partition (11) form a flood channel (13). Each flood channel (13) is connected to the corresponding vortex cylinder (8). Each first guide plate (10) is rotatably installed with a water guide plate (35) for guiding floods. Each water guide plate (35) is fixedly installed with a wedge block (36) at the lower end. Each wedge block (36) is located inside the flood discharge slope (4). A cylinder (37) is fixedly installed inside the flood discharge slope (4). A wedge plate (38) that cooperates with the wedge block (36) is fixedly installed at the output end of the cylinder (37).

2. A flood control gate for a water conservancy project according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rotating shaft (22) is rotatably installed between the two side piers (2). Several blades (23) arranged in a circle are fixedly installed at both ends of the rotating shaft (22). A turntable (24) is fixedly installed at one end of the rotating shaft (22). The turntable (24) is rotatably installed in the corresponding side pier (2). Several centrifugal grooves (25) arranged in a circle are provided on the turntable (24). A sliding rod (26) is slidably installed in each centrifugal groove (25). A first spring (27) is fixedly connected between each sliding rod (26) and the inner wall of the corresponding centrifugal groove (25). A pressure sensing plate (31) for controlling the extension of the cylinder (37) is fixedly installed on the top inner wall of the corresponding side pier (2). An arc-shaped plate (28) limited by the sliding rod (26) is provided at the lower end of the pressure sensing plate (31).

3. A flood control gate for a water conservancy project according to claim 2, characterized in that: A slider (29) is fixedly installed on the upper end of the arc plate (28). A second spring (30) is fixedly connected between the upper end of the slider (29) and the lower end of the pressure sensing plate (31). Two guide plates (33) for limiting the slider (29) are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the side block (2). Each guide plate (33) has an inclined surface on one side, and several arc grooves (34) are provided on the inclined surface. The arc grooves (34) are arranged vertically and the radius gradually increases from bottom to top. Elastic blocks (32) limited by the arc grooves (34) are fixedly installed on both sides of the slider (29).

4. A flood control gate for a water conservancy project according to claim 3, characterized in that: Each of the water guide plates (35) is fixedly installed with a ratchet (39) at its lower end. Two pawls (40) for limiting the ratchet (39) are rotatably installed inside the flood discharge slope (4). One end of each pawl (40) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the flood discharge slope (4) with a third spring (41).

5. A flood control gate for a water conservancy project according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each of the pawls (40) is fixedly installed with a triangular plate (42) at its lower end. Two baffles (43) for limiting the triangular plate (42) are symmetrically fixedly installed on the inner wall of the flood discharge slope (4). Limiting components (44) are fixedly installed on both sides of the upper end of the wedge plate (38). Several telescopic blocks (45) are slidably installed in each limiting component (44). One end of each telescopic block (45) is set into a wedge shape to cooperate with the triangular plate (42), and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the corresponding limiting component (44) with a fourth spring (46).

6. A flood control gate for a water conservancy project according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each of the side piers (2) is provided with a water guide channel (17). Two second guide plates (12) are symmetrically fixedly installed on the flood discharge slope (4). The upper end of each second guide plate (12) is fixedly connected to the corresponding side pier (2), and the lower end is fixedly connected to the corresponding vortex cylinder (8). Each second guide plate (12) and the corresponding partition (11) form a current-generating channel (14). Both ends of each current-generating channel (14) are connected to the corresponding water guide channel (17) and the flood channel (13).

7. A flood control gate for a water conservancy project according to claim 6, characterized in that: Each of the side piers (2) is vertically slidably installed with a side gate (18), and the upper end of each side gate (18) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the main gate (5) with a cable (19). The lower end of the lifting frame (3) is fixedly installed with two pulley groups (20) for limiting the cable (19).

8. A flood control gate for a water conservancy project according to claim 7, characterized in that: The partition (11) is rotatably mounted with a rotating plate (15) for guiding the water flow in the flood channel (13) and the current channel (14). Each flood channel (13) is fixedly equipped with several water-blocking strips (16), and each water-blocking strip (16) is wedge-shaped at both ends.

9. A flood control gate for a water conservancy project according to claim 8, characterized in that: Several mud-blocking slopes (21) are fixedly installed on the base plate (1) to reduce the impact of mud and sand on the blades (23) and the water guide plate (35). One end of each mud-blocking slope (21) is fixedly connected to the corresponding side pier (2), and the other end is set in an arc shape along the direction of water flow. The side of each mud-blocking slope (21) that first contacts the water is set as a slope surface.

10. A method of using a flood control gate in a water conservancy project, comprising the flood control gate as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The method of use specifically includes the following steps: S1. Collect and evaluate hydrological data, monitor upstream water levels and inflow in real time, and observe rainfall forecasts and watershed soil saturation. S2. Confirm the working status of the winch (6), water turbine (9) and cylinder (37) to ensure that they can work normally; S3. When the floodgate is not opened for flood discharge, the main gate (5) is lowered, and the cable (19) pulls up the side gates (18) on both sides. The water flows smoothly into the power generation channel (14) through the water guide channel (17), and then flows into the flood channel (13) from the power generation channel (14), and finally flows into the vortex tube (8) to drive the turbine (9) to work and generate electricity. S4. When flood discharge is required, the winch (6) lifts the main gate (5), and the side gate (18) slides downward to block the water guide channel (17) due to its own weight. The water flow drives the blade (23) to move, causing the rotating shaft (22) to drive the turntable (24) to rotate. The sliding rod (26) is subjected to centrifugal force and slides towards the edge of the turntable (24). The arc plate (28) is continuously limited by the sliding rod (26), which drives the slider (29) to move upward. The pressure sensing plate (31) senses the pressure and controls the cylinder (37) to extend to the corresponding position. The wedge plate (38) pushes the wedge block (36) to drive the water guide plate (35) to rotate. The angle of the water guide plate (35) to intercept the flood decreases, and the water flow into the flood channel (13) decreases, preventing the water flow in the flood channel (13) from increasing the load on the turbine (9). S5. During the extension of cylinder (37), the inclined surface of telescopic block (45) is pushed to contact the inclined surface of triangle plate (42). Telescopic block (45) retracts into the limiting member (44). Through the limiting of ratchet wheel (39) by pawl (40) and the limiting of triangle plate (42) by stop bar (43), the end of water guide plate (35) is prevented from rotating downward due to water flow impact. When cylinder (37) retracts, the straight surface of telescopic block (45) contacts the straight surface of triangle plate (42), driving triangle plate (42) Rotate with pawl (40) to release the pawl (40) from the ratchet (39). The water flow and the weight of the guide plate (35) cause the end of the guide plate (35) to rotate downward. After the cylinder (37) retracts to a gear, the elastic force of the third spring (41) pushes the pawl (40) and the triangular plate (42) to reset. The pawl (40) limits the next tooth of the ratchet (39) and supports the guide plate (35), reducing the load on the cylinder (37). S6. Maintain real-time monitoring of the flood discharge volume. When the flood discharge volume decreases and the reservoir water level drops to a safe range, lower the main gate (5).

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