Combustion regulation and control method for solid engine

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solid rocket engines, in particular to a solid engine combustion regulation and control method, a device for realizing the method comprises a front seal head, a combustion chamber shell, an inner heat insulation layer, a coating sleeve, a propellant, an electrode pile (a plurality of needle-shaped embedded structures), an outer side electrode, a current converter, a power supply and a spray pipe, and the electrode pile is composed of an outer electrode and an inner electrode. Compared with an original layered electrode structure, a round tube electrode structure and a round tube combined embedded electrode structure, the structure has the effects of obviously increasing thrust and reducing the mass ratio of an engine.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solid rocket engine, in particular to a solid engine combustion regulation method. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the electrically controlled solid propelling technology has the advantages of continuous multiple start-up ignition, real-time active thrust regulation, wide thrust adjustable range, etc., and has a good application prospect in the field of solid rocket engine, and is expected to improve the precise controllable ability of the new generation of solid engine and solve the problem that the solid power propelling system cannot simultaneously meet multiple start-up and uncontrollable combustion.

[0003] Up to now, domestic and foreign scholars have proposed some passive control means for multiple start-up and thrust control of solid engine, such as achieving thrust regulation through nozzle throat area, achieving multiple start-up by using isolation devices to divide the engine into multiple independent combustion chambers, and achieving multiple start-up by means of pressure reduction, liquid injection and solid extinguisher injection, etc. These means cannot actively and randomly regulate the thrust according to the changes on site.

[0004] For the electrically controlled combustion solid propelling technology, at present, the researches at home and abroad mainly focus on the research of electrically controlled propellant formula and the research of ignition and combustion characteristics, and there is almost no report on the overall combustion regulation mode of electrically controlled propellant engine. The electrode is a key component for controlling the combustion regulation of the solid engine, and directly affects the burning surface law of the engine.

[0005] In the prior art, the main electrode structures are layered electrode, circular tube inner and outer electrode and embedded combined electrode structure. The layered electrode structure has the problems that the propellant column will soften and the mechanical properties will significantly decrease under long-time work, and on the other hand, this structure needs to establish a self-adaptive dynamic foundation between the propellant burning surface and the electrode surface, and the basic approach includes moving the electrode and moving the propellant column, resulting in complex engine structure, and this kind of electrode structure has certain application limitations. The single circular tube inner and outer electrode is only suitable for small solid propellant, and in order to realize the thrust regulation of large solid engine, multiple circular tube propelling units need to be placed in the engine, which will increase the structure mass of the engine. The embedded combined electrode structure is to embed multiple circular tube electrodes with different polarities in the propellant to increase the burning surface area of the charge, but this structure still cannot significantly increase the thrust. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the defects and deficiencies in the above background art, the present application proposes a solid engine combustion regulation method and device, and the electrode distribution structure of the electrically controlled propellant is designed to solve the technical problems of real-time regulation and continuous multiple start-up ignition during the burning process of the solid engine charge.

[0007] The first object of the present application is to provide a solid engine combustion regulating device, comprising a combustion chamber shell, a front head arranged at the front end of the combustion chamber shell, and a nozzle arranged at the tail end of the combustion chamber shell. The front head, the inner heat insulation layer arranged on the inner wall of the combustion chamber shell, and the inner wall of the nozzle are all provided with an inner heat insulation layer. The inner heat insulation layer of the combustion chamber shell is provided with a cladding sleeve. A plurality of outer electrodes are arranged on the cladding sleeve at equal intervals along the circumference. A plurality of electrode stakes are arranged in the combustion chamber shell along the axial direction. The combustion chamber shell is filled with propellant in the cladding sleeve and around the periphery of the electrode stakes 6 and the outer electrodes 7. The front head is embedded with a current converter. The power supply end of the current converter is connected with an external power supply, and the current converter is connected with the outer electrodes on the cladding sleeve and the electrode stakes through plug-in connection.

[0008] Preferably, the inner heat insulation layer arranged on the inner wall of the front head and the combustion chamber shell is made of ethylene-propylene-diene rubber. The inner heat insulation layer arranged on the inner wall of the nozzle is made of C / C composite material.

[0009] Preferably, the cladding sleeve and the outer electrodes are pre-pressed and vulcanized by a mold, and after molding, a non-metallic rubber raw material is overlapped between the cladding sleeve and the inner heat insulation layer, and finally vulcanized and bonded.

[0010] Each outer electrode is parallel to the axis of the combustion chamber shell, and the length of each outer electrode is equal to the length of the combustion chamber shell.

[0011] Preferably, the front head and the combustion chamber shell are connected by flanges.

[0012] Preferably, the nozzle is connected with the combustion chamber shell by flanges after the combustion chamber shell is filled with propellant.

[0013] Preferably, a cavity for installing the current converter is reserved on the surface of the front head, and the current converter is screwed into the reserved cavity before the propellant is filled.

[0014] Preferably, the outer electrodes and the inner electrodes of the electrode stakes are respectively arranged in the combustion chamber shell along the axial direction, and the length of the electrode stakes is equal to the length of the combustion chamber shell.

[0015] The second object of the present application is to provide a solid engine combustion regulating method, which adopts the solid engine combustion regulating device, and the method comprises the following steps. The power supply is started, and the power supply is connected with the current converter to provide current for the electrode stakes and the outer electrodes. The electrode pile, the outer electrode and the propellant form a closed loop, and the electric control propelling circuit is conducted; The electrode pile and the outer electrode are electrified to ignite the propellant, the propellant generates combustion gas, and the combustion gas generates thrust through the nozzle; During the combustion process of the propellant, the insulating paint of the electrode pile and the outer electrode continuously retreats, and the propellant continuously burns, when the power supply and the current converter actively adjust the current output, the current density on the electrode pile and the outer electrode changes, and the burning rate of the propellant changes, so that the engine generates different thrust.

[0016] Preferably, when the power supply and the current converter cut off the power supply, the electric control propelling circuit forms an open circuit, the burning rate of the propellant is reduced to 0 mm / s, and the engine stops working.

[0017] The present application has at least the following beneficial effects: The electrode pile of the present application is a multi-needle embedded structure, the inner and outer electrodes are designed to have a mesh structure, equal spacing and uniform current density distribution, which ensures the synchronous and continuous stable combustion of the propellant, and also maintains good structural integrity during the combustion process of the propellant. The electrode three-pin and six-pin structure provided by the present application can increase the contact area of the propellant and the electrode, and improve the burning area of the propellant. Compared with the original layered electrode structure and the circular tube electrode structure, the present application has the effect of significantly reducing the mass ratio of the engine. The needle-embedded electrode structure provided by the present application has a certain speed-increasing effect, the charge is filled in a full filling form, and the burning area rule formed by the needle-embedded electrode can maintain similarity with the traditional end-burning embedded wire scheme. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Fig. 1 It is a solid engine combustion control device structure diagram; Fig. 2 It is a combustion chamber shell cross section schematic diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present application to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the following will be described in detail in combination with examples.

[0020] The present application aims to provide a solid engine combustion control method, and the electrode distribution structure of the electric control propellant is designed to solve the technical problems that the solid engine charge combustion process cannot be real-time controlled and continuously started and ignited multiple times. Compared with the original layered electrode structure, the circular tube electrode structure and the circular tube combined embedded electrode structure, the present application has the effect of significantly increasing the thrust and reducing the mass ratio of the engine.

[0021] In order to achieve the above purpose, see Figs. 1-2As shown, a solid engine combustion regulating device comprises a combustion chamber shell 2, a front head 1 arranged at the front end of the combustion chamber shell 2, and a nozzle 10 arranged at the tail end of the combustion chamber shell 2; The front head 1, the combustion chamber shell 2 and the inner wall of the nozzle 10 are each provided with an inner thermal insulation layer 3; the inner thermal insulation layer 3 of the combustion chamber shell 2 is provided with a cladding sleeve 4 in a laminated manner; a plurality of outer electrodes 7 are arranged on the cladding sleeve 4 in an equidistant manner along the circumference; a plurality of electrode piles 6 are arranged in the combustion chamber shell 2 along the axial direction; the combustion chamber shell 2 is filled with propellant 5 in the cladding sleeve 4 and around the periphery of the electrode piles 6 and the outer electrodes 7; the front head 1 is embedded with a current converter 8; the power supply end of the current converter 8 is connected with an external power supply 9 and connected with the outer electrodes 7 on the cladding sleeve 4 and the electrode piles 6 in a plug-in manner.

[0022] The present application is to realize the electric control solid engine combustion regulating method, mainly comprising a front head, a combustion chamber shell, an inner thermal insulation layer, a cladding sleeve, a charge, electrode piles (a plurality of needle-shaped embedded structures), outer electrodes, a current converter, a power supply, a nozzle and a connection sealing direct part and the like. The charge is propellant.

[0023] The inner thermal insulation layer is an insulating material, which is bonded to the inner surfaces of the combustion chamber shell, the front head and the nozzle, and plays a heat protection role for the metal shell. The inner thermal insulation layer 3 arranged on the inner walls of the front head 1 and the combustion chamber shell 2 is made of ethylene-propylene-diene rubber; the inner thermal insulation layer 3 arranged on the inner wall of the nozzle 10 is made of C / C composite material.

[0024] The cladding sleeve 4 and each outer electrode 7 are pre-pressed and vulcanized by a mold, and after molding, a non-metallic rubber raw rubber material is overlapped between the cladding sleeve 4 and the inner thermal insulation layer 3, and finally vulcanized and bonded; each outer electrode 7 is parallel to the axis of the combustion chamber shell 2, and the length thereof is equal to the length of the combustion chamber shell 2.

[0025] The cladding sleeve is an insulating material, which is pre-embedded and vulcanized with the outer electrode, the insulating material of the cladding sleeve is inconsistent with the insulating paint layer material on the outer surface of the outer electrode, the migration rate of the insulating paint layer on the outer surface of the outer electrode is greater than the migration rate of the charge, and the migration rate of the charge is greater than the migration rate of the cladding sleeve, which ensures that the charge and the electrode continuously contact and conduct electricity during the combustion process, and ensures the heat protection reliability of the combustion chamber shell.

[0026] The charge is electrically controlled solid propellant, including oxidant, binder, metal fuel, other adjusting agent, etc., which is mixed and cast according to the ratio of 60%-70% of oxidant, 10%-15% of binder, 10%-15% of metal fuel and 1%-5% of other adjusting agent. The oxidant can be selected from hydroxylammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, etc.; the binder is polyvinyl alcohol; the metal fuel is common aluminum powder or boron powder; and the other adjusting agent is stabilizer, burning rate catalyst, etc. The charge is the power source of the device, and the electrode is ignited by power-on and extinguished by power-off, and the burning rate can be regulated by changing the current size.

[0027] The front head 1 is an ellipsoidal structure, the combustion chamber shell 2 is a cylindrical structure, and the front head 1 is connected with the combustion chamber shell 2 by flange.

[0028] The nozzle 10 is connected with the combustion chamber shell 2 by flange after the propellant 5 is filled in the combustion chamber shell 2. The nozzle converts the heat energy of the gas generated by the combustion of the propellant into kinetic energy to generate thrust on the engine. The nozzle is connected with the combustion chamber shell by flange.

[0029] The front head 1 has a cavity reserved on the surface for installing the current converter 8, and the current converter 8 is screwed into the reserved cavity before the propellant 5 is filled.

[0030] The current converter is a current control system of the electrode pile and the outer electrode, which adjusts the current size and current supply form between the inner electrode and the outer electrode to change the burning rate of the propellant and realize the adjustable thrust of the engine. The current converter is connected with the front head by screw thread.

[0031] The power supply outputs electric energy according to the requirements, and the current converter adjusts the output current in real time according to the target thrust and working time requirements.

[0032] The electrode pile 6 includes the outer electrode 11 and the inner electrode 12, which are respectively suspended in the combustion chamber shell 2 along the axial direction, and the length of the electrode pile 6 is equal to the length of the combustion chamber shell 2.

[0033] The electrode pile is a multi-needle embedded combination structure, the three-needle electrode is the inner electrode, and the six-needle electrode is the outer electrode. The spacing between the outer electrode and the inner electrode is uniformly distributed, and the current density is uniformly distributed. The combination of the outer electrode can make the propellant around the electrode burn synchronously. Two groups of inner electrodes and one group of outer electrodes form an electrode pile, which is integrated to form a positive electrode of the electrode. The negative electrode of the outer electrode is pre-embedded in the covering sleeve, and the current density distribution is corresponding. The charge is poured between the electrode pile and the outer electrode, and a closed loop is formed when the power supply is turned on.

[0034] The outer electrode sheath is embedded in the inner surface of the sheath when the sheath is formed, and the electrode outer surface paint layer is continuously exposed to the surface of the propellant in advance with the propellant burning surface retreating, thereby ensuring that the propellant and the electrode are in continuous contact and conduct electricity. Before the device is ignited, only the front end of the electrode is in direct contact with the propellant, and after the electrode is electrified, the propellant is ignited and burns, and the electrode insulating paint layer also burns and retreats with the propellant.

[0035] During the connection of the entire device, the connection sealing metal part ensures that each connection part of the engine is sealed.

[0036] In order to further illustrate the solid engine combustion regulation method provided by the present application, a device for realizing the method comprises a front head 1, a combustion chamber shell 2, an inner thermal insulation layer 3, a sheath 4, a charge 5, an electrode pile 6 (a plurality of needle-shaped embedded structures), an outer electrode 7, a current converter 8, a power supply 9, and a nozzle 10. The electrode pile is composed of an outer electrode 11 and an inner electrode 12.

[0037] Referring to Figs. 1-2 As shown in the figure, the front head 1 and the combustion chamber shell 2 are connected by flanges. The inner surfaces of the front head 1, the combustion chamber shell 2, and the nozzle 10 are sandblasted, and the inner thermal insulation layer of the cylinder is vulcanized and bonded to the surface of the metal shell. The inner thermal insulation layer of the nozzle 3 is molded and formed on the inner surface of the metal, that is, the inner thermal insulation layer 3 is attached to the inner surfaces of the front head 1, the combustion chamber shell 2, and the nozzle 3. The inner thermal insulation layer of the front head 1 and the combustion chamber shell 2 can be made of ethylene-propylene-diene rubber or other materials, and the inner thermal insulation layer of the nozzle 3 can be made of C / C material. The sheath and the outer electrode 7 are pre-vulcanized and formed by a mold. After forming, a non-metallic rubber raw material is overlapped between the sheath and the inner thermal insulation layer 3, and finally vulcanized and bonded. Before pouring the charge, the current converter 8 is screwed onto the front head, and connected to the outer electrode 7 of the sheath and the electrode pile 6 by plugging. The charge 5 is filled in the sheath 4 and around the electrode pile 6 and the outer electrode 7 by vacuum pouring. After 7 days of curing, the charge 5 is cured and formed. After the charge 5 is formed, the nozzle 10 is connected to the combustion chamber shell 2 by flanges. Thus, the solid engine combustion regulation method device is assembled, and the power supply 9 is electrified to realize combustion regulation.

[0038] The present application provides a solid engine combustion regulation method, which uses the above-mentioned solid engine combustion regulation device. The method comprises: Starting the power supply 9, the power supply 9 is connected to the current converter 8 to provide current to the electrode pile 6 and the outer electrode 7; The electrode pile 6, the outer electrode 7, and the propellant 5 form a closed loop, and the electrically controlled propelling circuit is turned on; The electrode pile 6 and the outer electrode 7 are electrified to ignite the propellant 5, and the propellant 5 generates combustion gas, which generates thrust through the nozzle 10; In the propellant combustion process, the insulating paint of the electrode stake 6 and the outer electrode 7 is constantly removed, and the propellant continues to burn. When the power supply 9 and the current converter 8 actively adjust the current output size, the current density on the electrode stake 6 and the outer electrode 7 changes, and the burning rate of the propellant 5 changes, thereby making the engine generate different sizes of thrust. When the power supply 9 and the current converter 8 cut off the power supply, the electric control propulsion circuit forms an open circuit, the burning rate of the propellant 5 is reduced to 0 mm / s, and the engine stops working.

[0039] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A solid motor combustion regulating device, characterized by, The combustion chamber shell (2) is provided with a front head (1) at the front end and a nozzle (10) at the tail end; The front head (1), the combustion chamber shell (2) and the nozzle (10) are all provided with an inner thermal insulation layer (3) on the inner wall; The inner thermal insulation layer (3) of the combustion chamber shell (2) is provided with a cladding sleeve (4) on the surface; A plurality of outer electrodes (7) are provided on the cladding sleeve (4) at equal intervals along the circumference; A plurality of electrode piles (6) are provided in the combustion chamber shell (2) along the axial direction; The combustion chamber shell (2) is filled with propellant (5) in the cladding sleeve (4) and around the electrode piles (6) and the outer electrodes (7); The front head (1) is embedded with a current converter (8); The power supply end of the current converter (8) is connected with an external power supply (9) and connected with the outer electrodes (7) on the cladding sleeve (4) and the electrode piles (6) through plug-in connection.

2. The solid motor combustion management device of claim 1, wherein, The inner thermal insulation layer (3) provided on the inner wall of the front head (1) and the combustion chamber shell (2) is made of EPDM rubber; The inner thermal insulation layer (3) provided on the inner wall of the nozzle (10) is made of C / C composite material.

3. The solid motor combustion management device of claim 1, wherein, The cladding sleeve (4) and the outer electrodes (7) are pre-pressed and vulcanized by a mold, and after molding, a non-metallic rubber raw rubber material is overlapped between the cladding sleeve (4) and the inner thermal insulation layer (3), and finally vulcanized and bonded. Each outer electrode (7) is parallel to the axis of the combustion chamber shell (2) and has a length equal to the length of the combustion chamber shell (2).

4. The solid motor combustion management device of claim 1, wherein, The front head (1) and the combustion chamber shell (2) are connected by flanges.

5. The solid motor combustion management device of claim 1, wherein, After the nozzle (10) is filled with propellant (5), the nozzle (10) is connected with the combustion chamber shell (2) by flanges.

6. The solid motor combustion management device of claim 1, wherein, A cavity for installing the current converter (8) is reserved on the surface of the front head (1), and the current converter (8) is screwed into the reserved cavity before the propellant (5) is filled.

7. The solid motor combustion management device of claim 1, wherein, The outer electrode (11) and the inner electrode (12) of the electrode pile (6) are respectively provided in the combustion chamber shell (2) along the axial direction, and the length of the electrode pile (6) is equal to the length of the combustion chamber shell (2).

8. A method of regulating the combustion of a solid propellant engine, characterized in that, The solid engine combustion regulating device of any one of claims 1-7, the method comprising: Starting the power supply (9) to provide current to the electrode piles (6) and the outer electrodes (7) through the current converter (8); The electrode piles (6), the outer electrodes (7) and the propellant (5) form a closed loop, and the electric control propulsion circuit is turned on; The electrode piles (6) and the outer electrodes (7) ignite the propellant (5) to generate gas, and the gas generates thrust through the nozzle (10); During the combustion of the propellant, the insulating paint of the electrode piles (6) and the outer electrodes (7) continuously recedes, and the propellant continuously burns. When the power supply (9) and the current converter (8) actively adjust the current output, the current density on the electrode piles (6) and the outer electrodes (7) changes, and the burning rate of the propellant (5) changes, thereby generating different thrusts of the engine.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein, When the power supply (9) and the current converter (8) cut off the power supply, the electric control propulsion circuit forms an open circuit, the burning speed of the propellant (5) drops to 0 mm / s, and the engine stops working.

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