A multi-point temperature measuring device and method for bearing springs

Abstract

A multi-point temperature measurement device and method for bearing springs belongs to the field of aero-engine bearing temperature monitoring technology. The temperature measurement device of this invention includes a temperature measurement base, a bearing temperature measurement spring, and a lubricating oil outlet temperature measurement spring. The circular annular temperature measurement base has annular grooves and mounting positioning grooves on both sides. The bearing temperature measurement spring and the lubricating oil outlet temperature measurement spring are respectively installed on both sides of the temperature measurement base. The bearing temperature measurement spring is circular, with sensor mounting seats evenly distributed along the circumference of the ring for mounting outer ring patch-type temperature sensors and end face patch-type temperature sensors. The lubricating oil outlet temperature measurement spring is semi-circular, and two lubricating oil outlet temperature measurement springs can form a ring. Multiple sensor mounting seats are arranged on the lubricating oil outlet temperature measurement spring for arranging lubricating oil outlet patch-type temperature sensors. The device also includes a temperature measurement system installed in a host computer for receiving temperature data and determining early warning thresholds to achieve multi-point temperature measurement and early warning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aero-engine bearing temperature monitoring technology, specifically relating to a multi-point temperature measurement device and method for bearing springs. Background Technology

[0002] Lubrication failure of aircraft engine bearings is a core issue restricting engine reliability. Especially when the aircraft is in special attitudes such as tumbling in the air, it is easy to cause bearing oil failure. At the same time, the increase in engine thrust-to-weight ratio causes the bearing cavity temperature to rise synchronously (wear of the sealing device causes hot air to enter, and the temperature can reach 180-200℃), which further aggravates the bearing temperature rise and may cause galling failure, threatening flight safety.

[0003] Existing traditional temperature measurement devices mostly use single-point fixed installation methods, which are difficult to cover the bearing end face and outer ring, and cannot reconstruct the temperature field. Single-point temperature measurement of the bearing can only reflect the local temperature, while bearing temperature field reconstruction can show the temperature differences of key parts such as the bearing raceway, flange, and end face. If abnormally high temperature areas are found, such as overheating at the contact point due to raceway wear or local temperature rise caused by lubrication failure, multi-point monitoring can directly pinpoint the fault location, avoiding misjudgment or omission of faults due to single-point data, and reducing the risk of sudden failure. At the same time, single-point monitoring of bearing temperature cannot reflect the overall thermal stress distribution of the bearing. Temperature field reconstruction can monitor the temperature rise trend in real time, and combined with the material's thermal aging characteristics, it can provide early warning when a certain area approaches the material's tolerance limit, avoiding a series of faults caused by local overheating and ensuring the overall safe operation of the equipment.

[0004] Current bearing temperature measurement technologies lack comprehensive coverage. For lubricating oil temperature, most methods only monitor the lubricating oil inlet temperature, failing to monitor the lubricating oil outlet temperature, leading to measurement inaccuracies. Furthermore, since bearing rotational speed varies over time, the outlet lubricating oil temperature also changes with operating conditions, causing further inaccuracies in outlet temperature estimation. Therefore, a more accurate bearing temperature measurement solution is needed. In addition, existing temperature sensors suffer from poor contact stability, large discrepancies between simulation and actual measurements, lack of dynamic closed-loop mechanisms, delayed early warning, and inconvenient maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to address the problem of incomplete bearing temperature measurement coverage in existing technologies, as well as the problem of warning lag in methods based on a temperature threshold.

[0006] A multi-point temperature measuring device for bearing springs includes a temperature measuring base 2, a bearing temperature measuring spring 3, and a lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring spring 5;

[0007] The temperature measuring base 2 is a circular ring. One side of the temperature measuring base 2 has a first annular groove 11 and a first mounting and positioning groove 10, and the other side has a second annular groove 18 and a second mounting and positioning groove 17. The bearing temperature measuring spring 3 and the lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring spring 5 are respectively installed on both sides of the temperature measuring base 2. The bearing temperature measuring spring 3 is circular, with sensor mounting seats 16 evenly distributed along the circumference of the ring. The sensor mounting seats 16 are used to install the outer ring surface-mount temperature sensor 7 and the end face surface-mount temperature sensor 8. The lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring spring 5... The temperature sensing spring 5 is in the shape of a semi-circular ring. Two lubricating oil outlet temperature sensing springs 5 ​​are arranged on one end face of the temperature measuring base 2. The two lubricating oil outlet temperature sensing springs 5 ​​can form a ring and are tightly connected to the end face of the temperature measuring base 2. Multiple sensor mounting seats 16 are evenly arranged on the lubricating oil outlet temperature sensing spring 5 for arranging the lubricating oil outlet patch temperature sensor 9. With the side of the lubricating oil outlet temperature sensing spring 5 corresponding to the direction of lubricating oil flow as the upper side and the other side as the lower side, the lubricating oil outlet patch temperature sensor 9 is installed below the lubricating oil outlet temperature sensing spring 5.

[0008] Furthermore, the first annular groove 11 can form a closed winding space with the wire pressing baffle 14 on the bearing temperature measuring spring 3 for the cable winding arrangement of the outer ring patch temperature sensor 7 and the end face patch temperature sensor 8; the second annular groove 18 is used for the cable winding of the lubricating oil outlet patch temperature sensor 9.

[0009] Furthermore, the first mounting positioning groove 10 is used to axially position the sensor mounting base 16 on which the end face patch temperature sensor 8 is mounted, and to limit the displacement of the bearing temperature measuring spring 3 when it is pressed; the second mounting positioning groove 17 is used to limit the placement position of the cable of the lubricating oil outlet patch temperature sensor 9.

[0010] Furthermore, the temperature measuring base 2 is provided with cable outlets 12 on both sides. The cable outlets 12 are arranged radially along the circular side. One cable outlet 12 is connected to the first annular groove 11, and the other cable outlet 12 is connected to the second annular groove 18. The cable outlets 12 are used to place the cables of the outer ring patch temperature sensor 7, the end face patch temperature sensor 8, and the lubricating oil outlet patch temperature sensor 9.

[0011] Furthermore, the temperature measuring base 2 is provided with a through mounting hole 4 for fixed connection with the bearing temperature measuring spring 3 and the two lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring springs 5; the bearing temperature measuring spring 3 is provided with mounting holes 4 for interlocking with the temperature measuring base 2.

[0012] Furthermore, the device also includes a temperature measurement system installed in the host computer, the temperature measurement system including: an external operating condition parameter acquisition module, a heat generation calculation and simulation coupling module, a bearing and lubricating oil outlet temperature acquisition module, a data analysis and processing module, and a multi-dimensional failure early warning module;

[0013] External operating condition parameter acquisition module: used to acquire bearing operating condition parameters in real time, including bearing speed, radial and axial loads controlled by the loading mechanism, and lubricating oil inlet temperature;

[0014] Heat generation calculation and simulation coupled simulation module: Based on bearing operating parameters, simulation software is used to simulate the fluid-structure-thermal coupling, and the dynamic temperature rise curve is obtained by simulating the change of bearing temperature rise rate.

[0015] Bearing temperature and lubricating oil outlet temperature acquisition module: Real-time temperature data is acquired through end face patch temperature sensor 8, outer ring patch temperature sensor 7, and lubricating oil outlet patch temperature sensor 9;

[0016] The data analysis and processing module collects measured temperature data from the bearing end face, bearing outer ring, and lubricating oil outlet under normal and stable bearing operating conditions. This data is then compared with the dynamic temperature rise curve obtained from the heat generation calculation and simulation coupling module under these conditions. The temperature difference and its reliable fluctuation range are obtained, and this reliable fluctuation range is designated as the standard temperature difference reliable fluctuation range. Next, based on the target bearing operating conditions, measured temperature data from the bearing end face, bearing outer ring, and lubricating oil outlet are collected and compared with the dynamic temperature rise curve obtained from the heat generation calculation and simulation coupling module under these conditions. If the temperature differences corresponding to the measured temperature data from the bearing end face, bearing outer ring, and lubricating oil outlet under these conditions are all within the standard temperature difference reliable fluctuation range, the simulation model is considered a reliable simulation model. Otherwise, the simulation model parameters are adjusted until a reliable simulation model is obtained. Finally, the temperature difference is calculated based on the measured temperature data from the bearing end face and bearing outer ring and the temperature data from the corresponding reliable simulation model, and is denoted as... Based on N groups average of data Determine the temperature rise rate threshold and temperature gradient threshold; simultaneously, set the critical temperature threshold based on the bearing material's tolerance limit.

[0017] Multi-dimensional failure early warning module: Real-time temperature data is collected through end face patch temperature sensor 8 and outer ring patch temperature sensor 7, i.e., multi-point temperature measurement is performed, and early warning of multi-point temperature measurement is performed by combining temperature rise rate threshold, temperature gradient threshold and critical temperature threshold.

[0018] Furthermore, the specific process of obtaining a reliable simulation model includes:

[0019] External operating parameters are input into the coupled simulation module for heat generation calculation and simulation. This module calculates the bearing friction torque and total heat generation, and converts the calculated total heat generation into heat flux density in the contact area between the bearing's inner and outer rings and the rolling elements. This heat flux density is then input into the simulation software as a thermal simulation boundary condition. Simultaneously, the axial load on the tested bearing, based on actual measurements, is input into the simulation software. and radial load The model includes the convective heat transfer coefficient between the bearing's outer surface and the environment; the three-dimensional model of the bearing under test, along with the applied thermal boundary conditions and environmental boundary conditions, together form a coupled simulation model of the bearing under test integrating lubricating oil fluid, bearing body, and bearing temperature, referred to as the transient fluid-structure-thermal coupled simulation model of the bearing under test. This model then obtains the temperatures corresponding to the bearing end face, bearing outer ring, and lubricating oil outlet, which are abbreviated as simulation temperature data. Simultaneously, by collecting the measured temperature data of the bearing under test under this operating condition, the temperatures corresponding to the bearing end face, bearing outer ring, and lubricating oil outlet each correspond to a set of measured temperature data. The temperature difference between the bearing end face and bearing outer ring at the same time point under this operating condition is calculated; this temperature difference is the difference between the measured temperature data and the corresponding simulated temperature data.

[0020] The simulation and measurement process was repeated multiple times to obtain the mean and standard deviation for each corresponding temperature at the bearing end face and bearing outer ring. Based on the mean and standard deviation, the reliable fluctuation range P for the temperature difference between the bearing end face and bearing outer ring was obtained. The reliable fluctuation range P for the lubricating oil outlet temperature difference was determined using the same method as for obtaining the reliable fluctuation range P for the temperature difference between the bearing end face and bearing outer ring. oil The P corresponding to the bearing end face, the bearing outer ring, and the P corresponding to the lubricating oil outlet temperature. oil This is collectively referred to as the reliable fluctuation range of the standard temperature difference.

[0021] Set the target operating condition for the bearing under test, and obtain the bearing end face temperature difference, bearing outer ring temperature difference, and lubricating oil outlet temperature difference under the corresponding operating condition in the same way. Determine whether the corresponding temperature difference falls within the corresponding standard temperature difference reliable fluctuation range. If any temperature difference exceeds the corresponding standard temperature difference reliable fluctuation range, perform model correction, adjust the key parameters that affect the core temperature calculation, and rerun the simulation model after correction to calculate the corrected temperature difference. If the temperature difference calculated multiple times falls within the corresponding standard temperature difference reliable fluctuation range, the model correction is complete, and a reliable simulation model is obtained.

[0022] Furthermore, the N-group-based average of data The process of determining the temperature rise rate threshold and temperature gradient threshold includes:

[0023] For the bearing end face and the bearing outer ring, the corresponding temperature thresholds are obtained according to the following steps:

[0024] Extract N sets of temperature difference values ​​corresponding to the reliable simulation model Calculate the temperature difference of N groups. mean Simulation temperature data based on a reliable simulation model According to the temperature threshold expression The corresponding temperature threshold is obtained;

[0025] (1) Based on the determined temperature threshold expression, set every n seconds as a temperature rise rate threshold determination node, and set the temperature rise rate threshold:

[0026] The threshold for the single-point temperature rise rate of the bearing outer ring is : Where j represents the part number of the bearing outer ring surface-mount temperature sensor, and Tm i，j Tm is the temperature sensor j on the outer ring of the bearing sampled for the i-th time, which is based on a single outer ring patch temperature sensor j; i represents the sampling sequence number.

[0027] The threshold for the single-point temperature rise rate of the bearing end face is : Where k represents the part number of the bearing end face surface-mount temperature sensor, and Tm i，k Tm is obtained from a single end-face patch temperature sensor k on the bearing end face during the i-th sampling.

[0028] The threshold for the rate of temperature rise in the outer ring region of the bearing is Based on the bearing load, the bearing outer ring is divided into multiple regions, each called a bearing outer ring region. The threshold for the temperature rise rate of the bearing outer ring region is calculated. : Among them, Tm i，l This represents the average value of all outer ring surface-mount temperature sensors l within a certain bearing outer ring region;

[0029] (2) Based on the determined temperature threshold expression, set the temperature gradient threshold:

[0030] Set the temperature gradient threshold for each adjacent measuring point on the outer ring of the bearing to be [value]. : , where j and j-1 represent adjacent single outer ring patch temperature sensors on the outer ring of the bearing;

[0031] Set the temperature gradient threshold between every two adjacent measuring points on the bearing end face as follows: : , where k and k-1 represent adjacent single end-face patch temperature sensors on the bearing end face;

[0032] The bearing outer ring is divided into multiple regions based on the bearing load, and a temperature gradient threshold for each region is set. : ,in, This represents the part number of a surface-mount temperature sensor located in a specific area of ​​the outer ring of the bearing. and This indicates the number of adjacent single outer ring surface-mount temperature sensors on the outer ring of a bearing within a certain area. L represents the number of adjacent outer ring surface-mount temperature sensor groups on the outer ring of a bearing within a certain area. An adjacent outer ring surface-mount temperature sensor group on the outer ring of a bearing refers to a pair of adjacent outer ring surface-mount temperature sensors on the outer ring of the bearing.

[0033] Furthermore, the multi-dimensional failure early warning module combines the temperature rise rate threshold, temperature gradient threshold, and critical temperature threshold to perform multi-point temperature measurement and early warning process, which includes:

[0034] Early warning is issued based on a three-level, multi-dimensional failure warning system.

[0035] First-level warning judgment criteria:

[0036] When the temperature rise rate of a single outer ring surface-mount temperature sensor on the bearing outer ring exceeds At that time, the first-level warning signal is triggered;

[0037] When the temperature gradient of the patch temperature sensor between adjacent single outer rings of the bearing outer ring exceeds This triggers the first-level warning.

[0038] When the temperature of a single outer ring surface-mount temperature sensor of the bearing reaches the critical temperature E of the bearing outer ring but is less than the overall critical temperature L of the bearing, the first-level warning is triggered.

[0039] If any one of the three exceeds the prescribed threshold, an early warning will be issued;

[0040] Second-level warning judgment criteria:

[0041] When the temperature gradient in the outer ring region of the bearing exceeds At that time, the second-level warning signal is triggered;

[0042] When the temperature rise rate in the outer ring region of the bearing exceeds At that time, the second-level warning signal is triggered;

[0043] If either of these exceeds the prescribed threshold, an early warning will be issued;

[0044] Criteria for Level 3 Early Warning:

[0045] If the temperature gradient between adjacent end-face patch temperature sensors exceeds This triggered a Level 3 warning.

[0046] When the temperature collected by any end-face patch temperature sensor on the bearing end face reaches the bearing end-face critical temperature D but is less than the overall bearing critical temperature L, the third-level warning is triggered.

[0047] When the temperature rise rate of any end-face patch temperature sensor exceeds At that time, a Level 3 warning was triggered;

[0048] If any one of the three exceeds the prescribed threshold, an early warning will be issued.

[0049] A temperature measurement method is characterized by temperature acquisition based on a multi-point temperature measurement device for bearing springs, wherein the bearing temperature and lubricating oil outlet temperature acquisition modules in the temperature measurement system receive temperature data and display the temperature data; and the multi-dimensional failure early warning module in the temperature measurement system combines temperature rise rate threshold, temperature gradient threshold and critical temperature threshold to provide early warning for multi-point temperature measurement.

[0050] Beneficial effects:

[0051] The temperature measuring device of this invention can not only efficiently achieve simultaneous temperature measurement of multiple points and regions on the bearing end face and outer ring curved surface, but also provide a more comprehensive bearing temperature measurement method. Moreover, this invention provides early warning for multiple indicators, which can effectively solve the problem of early warning lag. Furthermore, the early warning threshold determined by this invention based on simulation and actual conditions can effectively detect abnormalities in the early stage of occurrence, so this invention has higher abnormality detection sensitivity and can detect abnormalities in the early stage of occurrence or in the case of minor abnormalities.

[0052] Furthermore, since bearings experience temperature differences in different areas due to load, existing technologies lack methods to distinguish these temperature differences caused by load and to perform temperature measurement and early warning accordingly. This invention provides a temperature measurement and early warning method for situations where test differences are caused by load variations, enabling the invention to provide a more accurate temperature measurement and early warning method while achieving comprehensive temperature measurement coverage. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall disassembled (exploded) structure of the device of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position of the lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring spring in the device of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram showing the installation of the patch-type temperature sensors at various locations in the device of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature measuring base structure of the device of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the bearing temperature measuring spring structure of the device of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the temperature measuring base of the device of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the logical relationship between the modules of the temperature measurement method of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating the data analysis process.

[0062] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of confirming interval P.

[0063] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the regional positions of a patch-type temperature sensor when the bearing is only subjected to radial force.

[0064] In the diagram, 1. Bearing body, 2. Temperature measuring base, 3. Bearing temperature measuring spring, 4. Mounting hole, 5. Lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring spring, 6. Bearing housing, 7. Outer ring surface-mount temperature sensor, 8. End face surface-mount temperature sensor, 9. Lubricating oil outlet surface-mount temperature sensor, 10. First mounting positioning groove, 11. First annular groove, 12. Cable outlet, 13. Chamfer, 14. Wire clamping baffle, 15. Cable hole, 16. Sensor mounting base, 17. Second mounting positioning groove, 18. Second annular groove. Detailed Implementation

[0065] To address the problems in the background art, this invention provides an adaptive spring contact bearing temperature measurement device and a heat generation-simulation dynamic coupling closed-loop verification method, enabling accurate bearing temperature monitoring, temperature field reconstruction, failure mode prediction, and early failure warning under multiple operating conditions (such as oil cut-off conditions). To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a solution combining an adaptive spring contact multi-point temperature measurement device and a heat generation-simulation dynamic coupling closed-loop verification method.

[0066] Specific implementation method one: Combining Figures 1 to 7 This implementation method is described below.

[0067] This embodiment is a multi-point temperature measuring device for bearing springs. In use, the multi-point temperature measuring device for bearing springs is installed on one side of the bearing body 1. Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the bearing spring multi-point temperature measuring device includes a temperature measuring base 2, a bearing temperature measuring spring 3, a lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring spring 5, and a patch temperature sensor. The patch temperature sensor includes an outer ring patch temperature sensor 7, an end face patch temperature sensor 8, and a lubricating oil outlet patch temperature sensor 9.

[0068] like Figure 5 As shown, the temperature measuring base 2 is a circular ring-shaped body. The two circular sides of the ring are referred to as the left and right sides. According to the installation position of the bearing under test in the tester and the lubrication method of the bearing under test, a first annular groove 11, a wire outlet 12 and a first mounting positioning groove 10 are provided on one side of the temperature measuring base 2, and a second annular groove 18 and a second mounting positioning groove 17 are provided on the other side.

[0069] The first annular groove 11 can form a closed winding space with the wire clamping baffle 14 on the bearing temperature sensing spring 3, which is used for the coiling arrangement of the cables of the outer ring patch temperature sensor 7 and the end face patch temperature sensor 8, avoiding irregular exposure of the sensor cables and preventing them from interfering with the spatial layout of this temperature measuring device. The second annular groove 18 is used for the coiling and placement of the cable of the lubricating oil outlet patch temperature sensor 9.

[0070] The first mounting and positioning groove 10 is used to axially position the sensor mounting base 16 on which the end face patch temperature sensor 8 is mounted, and to limit the displacement of the bearing temperature sensing spring 3 when it is pressed. The second mounting and positioning groove 17 is used to limit the placement position of the cable of the lubricating oil outlet patch temperature sensor 9.

[0071] The temperature measuring base 2 has cable outlets 12 on its left and right sides, which are radially arranged along the circular side. One cable outlet 12 communicates with the first annular groove 11, and the other cable outlet 12 communicates with the second annular groove 18. The cable outlets 12 are used to place the cables of the outer ring surface-mount temperature sensor 7, the end face surface-mount temperature sensor 8, and the lubricating oil outlet surface-mount temperature sensor 9. The cable outlets 12 are chamfered 13 to prevent the right angle of the cable outlets 12 from affecting the sensor cables.

[0072] The temperature measuring base 2 is also provided with a through mounting hole 4 for fixed connection with the bearing temperature measuring spring 3 and the two lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring springs 5.

[0073] Furthermore, the bearing housing 6 is formed by processing 40CrNiMoA high-strength alloy structural steel, and the temperature measuring base 2 is made of the same material as the bearing housing 6, with a thickness of 8mm.

[0074] like Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, the lubricating oil outlet temperature sensing spring 5 is semi-circular in shape. Two lubricating oil outlet temperature sensing springs 5 ​​are arranged on one end face of the temperature measuring base 2, forming a ring that is tightly connected to the end face of the temperature measuring base 2. Multiple sensor mounting bases 16 are evenly arranged on the lubricating oil outlet temperature sensing spring 5 for mounting the lubricating oil outlet patch temperature sensor 9. Simultaneously, to avoid excessive lubricating oil flow at the outlet or excessive bearing speed causing lubricating oil spray to affect sensor performance, the lubricating oil outlet patch temperature sensor 9 is installed below the lubricating oil outlet temperature sensing spring 5, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the side of the lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring spring 5 corresponding to the direction of the lubricating oil flow is above, and the other side of the lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring spring 5 is below, forming physical protection to measure the temperature of the lubricating oil at the outlet.

[0075] The bearing temperature sensing spring 3 is circular, determined according to the bearing outer ring design. Sensor mounting bases 16 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the ring for mounting surface-mount temperature sensors. The bearing temperature sensing spring 3 also has mounting holes 4 for engaging with the temperature sensing base 2 and a wire clamping baffle 14 for controlling the cable position. The bearing temperature sensing spring 3 and the lubricating oil outlet temperature sensing spring 5 are respectively mounted on both sides of the temperature sensing base 2. Figure 2 Taking the schematic diagram as an example, the bearing temperature measuring spring 3 is installed on the left side of the temperature measuring base 2, and the lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring spring 5 is installed on the right side of the temperature measuring base 2.

[0076] The bearing temperature sensing spring 3 has two states: compressed and relaxed. The compressed state corresponds to the temperature measuring device measuring the bearing under test, while the relaxed state corresponds to the temperature measuring device not measuring the bearing. The elastic preload of the bearing temperature sensing spring 3 under compressed state ranges from 0.5 to 2 N. Depending on the operating conditions of the bearing under test, the elastic preload of the spring can be adjusted appropriately within this range to ensure a tight fit between the patch-type temperature sensor and the bearing under test, resulting in more accurate temperature measurement. The main body of the spring is made of lightweight aluminum alloy sheet with good thermal conductivity, stamped out of a thickness of 1-2 mm. Its thermal conductivity is approximately 150-200 W / (m•K).

[0077] The surface-mount temperature sensor is firmly bonded to the sensor mounting base 16 using high-temperature resistant adhesive, ensuring stable operation of the temperature measuring device under high-temperature bearing conditions. The sensor mounting base 16 also features a cable hole 15 for cable routing.

[0078] Both the bearing temperature measuring spring 3 and the lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring spring 5 are provided with mounting holes 4, which correspond to the mounting holes 4 of the temperature measuring base 2, so that the three can be interlocked and fixed together.

[0079] Specific Implementation Method Two: Combining Figure 8This embodiment describes a multi-point temperature measurement method for bearing springs, used for multi-point temperature measurement and early warning of bearing springs, in order to perform dynamic coupling closed-loop verification of heat generation and simulation.

[0080] Based on measured data from a multi-point temperature measurement device for bearing springs, and combining heat generation theory with dynamic coupling of Ansys simulation, the multi-point temperature measurement method for bearing springs described in this embodiment is implemented through a temperature measurement system, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the system includes: an external operating condition parameter acquisition module, a heat generation calculation and simulation coupled simulation module, a bearing and lubricating oil outlet temperature acquisition module, a data analysis and processing module, and a multi-dimensional failure early warning module. The system is located in the host computer of the device and is actually part of the device itself. During temperature measurement, it performs temperature measurement and early warning based on data collected by the multi-point temperature measuring devices.

[0081] a. The processing steps of the external operating condition parameter acquisition module include:

[0082] Real-time acquisition of bearing operating parameters, including bearing speed, radial and axial loads controlled by the loading mechanism, and lubricating oil inlet temperature; real-time acquisition of bearing speed through a speed sensor, control of radial and axial loads through a loading mechanism, and real-time monitoring of lubricating oil inlet temperature through a temperature sensor; and connection of the sensors corresponding to the acquired external operating conditions to the DL950 high-frequency data acquisition system to ensure sufficient and timely data acquisition.

[0083] The speed sensor used to acquire the bearing speed is DH5640, with a measurement range of 0-20000 r / min and an accuracy of ±1 r / min, to acquire the bearing inner ring speed n (r / min).

[0084] The lubricating oil temperature sensor uses a PT100, with a measurement range of 0-200℃ and an accuracy of ±0.1℃, to measure the lubricating oil inlet temperature. (°C) data was collected. Simultaneously, the kinematic viscosity ν (mm² / s) of the lubricating oil at the corresponding temperature was measured using a capillary viscometer, with a measurement accuracy of ±0.5 mm² / s.

[0085] b. The processing steps of the coupled simulation module for heat generation calculation and simulation include:

[0086] By combining Palmgren's bearing heat generation theory, Hertzian contact ellipse theory, heat transfer theory, and Ansys Workbench fluid-structure-thermal coupling simulation, the change in bearing temperature rise rate is simulated.

[0087] Taking rolling bearings as the research object, based on bearing structural parameters, operating parameters, and lubricating oil characteristics, the calculation model for the total heat generation of the bearing is as follows: In the formula, This refers to the total heat generated by the rolling bearing, expressed in watts (W). The bearing inner ring speed is expressed in r / min. The total frictional torque is expressed in N·mm.

[0088] The total frictional torque calculation model used in this embodiment is as follows: In the formula, This indicates the torque related to bearing type, rotational speed, and lubricant properties, in N·mm. This represents the frictional torque related to the load on the bearing, expressed in N·mm. This represents the frictional torque generated by the bearing's spin motion, expressed in N·mm.

[0089] This reflects the hydrodynamic loss of the lubricating oil; the expression is based on... The value is divided into two types, and the calculation model used is as follows: In the formula, This indicates the average diameter of the bearing, in mm. These are coefficients related to bearing type and lubrication method; Bearing speed, in r / min; The kinematic viscosity of the lubricating oil at operating temperature, expressed in mm. 2 / s.

[0090] The frictional losses, reflecting elastic hysteresis and local differential sliding, are calculated using the following model: In the formula, A coefficient related to the bearing type and the load applied. The calculated load for determining the bearing friction torque is expressed in N.

[0091] The calculation model used for the frictional torque generated by the bearing's spin motion is as follows: In the formula, The coefficient of friction between the rolling element and the raceway; The normal contact load between the rolling element and the raceway; The raceway contacts the major semi-axis of the ellipse; It is the second kind of elliptic integral for the raceway contact area.

[0092] The heat generated by the bearing's own friction and friction with the lubricating oil is partly transferred to solid components such as the inner and outer rings, cage, and rolling elements through heat conduction; and partly dissipated through convection between the lubricating oil and the solid surfaces, thus cooling the bearing. Therefore, the results of the above heat generation theoretical calculations are converted into simulation boundary conditions and input into simulation software to obtain the temperature rise of the bearing under this operating condition.

[0093] Simulation software was used to simulate the temperature rise of the bearing.

[0094] (1) Setting simulation boundary conditions:

[0095] Thermal boundary: The total heat generation calculated from the heat generation calculation is converted into heat flux density. The formulas for calculating the heat flux density of the inner ring, outer ring, and rolling element are as follows:

[0096] Inner raceway: ;

[0097] Outer raceway: ;

[0098] Rolling body: .

[0099] Where q i q e q j S represents the heat flux density of the bearing inner ring, outer ring, and rolling elements; i S e S j Z represents the heat-generating surface area of ​​the bearing's inner ring, outer ring, and rolling elements, in mm²; H represents the total heat generation of the bearing. brg The number of rolling elements;

[0100] The calculated heat flux densities of the outer ring, inner ring, and rolling elements are applied to the contact area between the rolling elements and the inner and outer rings; the lubricating oil inlet temperature is set to the measured value. The lubricating oil outlet is a free convection boundary; the convective heat transfer coefficient between the bearing outer surface and the environment is set to 20-50 W / (m²·K).

[0101] Force boundary: The inner ring of the bearing is fixed, and the outer ring is determined based on the measured axial load. and radial load Numerical values ​​are input into the simulation software. A contact pair is set between the rolling element and the raceway, and the friction coefficient adopts the μ value in the heat generation calculation. The lubricating oil domain adopts a fluid dynamics (CFD) model, and the flow state is described by the k-ε turbulence model.

[0102] (2) Simulation solution and result output: The transient simulation method is adopted, the simulation time step is 1s, and the total simulation time is set according to the actual test requirements. Before the solution calculation, the monitoring positions (monitoring points) corresponding to the simulated dynamic temperature rise curves of the bearing end face, outer ring and lubricating oil outlet are monitored and set. At the same time, the temperature distribution cloud map and thermal stress distribution cloud map inside the bearing are output to obtain the temperature rise curves of the bearing end face, outer ring and lubricating oil outlet, i.e., the simulated dynamic temperature rise curves.

[0103] c. The processing steps of the bearing temperature and lubricating oil outlet temperature acquisition module include:

[0104] Before the test, the end face of the bearing under test and the contact surface of the temperature measuring device must be cleaned to ensure that the contact surfaces are clean and free of particulate impurities that could affect the accuracy of the test results. Fix the bearing temperature measuring device, with the sensor already secured, onto the outer ring of the bearing, allowing it to adhere tightly to the bearing using its own elasticity. During this process, align the side of the temperature measuring device with the bearing temperature sensing spring with the end face of the bearing under test, and secure it to the bearing housing with bolts, ensuring that the patch-type temperature sensor on the spring is stably pressed against the bearing end face and the outer ring of the bearing. Then, according to the monitoring requirements, install the two semi-circular lubricating oil outlet temperature sensing springs on the other side of the temperature measuring base. Finally, carefully insert all sensor cables into the corresponding annular grooves and lead them to the outlet holes to avoid interference with moving parts.

[0105] Temperature data is collected in real time by the end-face patch temperature sensor 8, the outer ring patch temperature sensor 7, and the lubricating oil outlet patch temperature sensor 9 of the temperature measuring device. Each sensor in the temperature measuring device is labeled; for example, the outer ring patch temperature sensors on the bearing outer ring are labeled E1, E2…, the end-face patch temperature sensors on the bearing end face are labeled D1, D2…, and the lubricating oil outlet patch temperature sensors at the lubricating oil outlet are labeled O1, O2…, to distinguish the sensors in different locations. The end-face patch sensors collect the temperature of the circumferential measuring points on the bearing end face, the outer ring patch sensors collect the temperature of the circumferential measuring points on the bearing outer ring, and the lubricating oil outlet patch temperature sensors collect the lubricating oil temperature at different locations at the bearing outlet.

[0106] Data is transmitted to the computer via a high-speed data acquisition card and stored in CSV file format to ensure no data loss. The acquired temperature data is filtered using a moving average filtering algorithm to remove high-frequency noise interference, ensuring the reliability of the measured data.

[0107] d. The data analysis and processing module's processing steps include:

[0108] In the bearing temperature and lubricating oil outlet temperature acquisition module, the high-frequency data acquisition equipment has already acquired the real-time data during the test, so the measured dynamic temperature rise curve can be generated in the computer. The measured dynamic temperature rise curve is then compared with the simulated dynamic temperature rise curve obtained from the simulation analysis and monitoring.

[0109] Multiple tests were conducted under the same operating conditions. To avoid the possibility of randomness in the simulation analysis results, multiple simulations were also performed for comparison. After eliminating the possibility of randomness in the test and simulation results, the temperature difference between the two at the same time point was compared and used as one of the reference indicators for setting the temperature threshold of the early warning module.

[0110] The specific data analysis process is as follows: Figure 9As shown. First, the external operating condition parameters of the bearing under test are acquired in the external operating condition parameter acquisition module, and then input into the heat generation calculation and simulation coupled simulation module. The calculation in the heat generation calculation and simulation coupled simulation module is based on Palmgren theory, the Hertzian contact ellipse theory of bearings, and heat transfer theory to calculate the bearing friction torque and total heat generation. A three-dimensional model of the bearing under test is created using the model drawing software DesignModeler and imported into Ansys Workbench. The calculated total heat generation is converted into the heat flux density of the contact area between the inner and outer rings and the rolling elements of the bearing, and used as the thermal simulation boundary condition input into the Ansys Workbench software. Simultaneously, the axial load on the bearing under test, as measured in the actual simulation software, is also input into the simulation software. and radial load The model includes the convective heat transfer coefficient between the bearing's outer surface and the environment; the three-dimensional model of the bearing under test, along with the applied thermal boundary conditions and environmental boundary conditions, together constitute a coupled simulation model of the bearing under test that integrates lubricating oil fluid, bearing body, and bearing temperature, referred to as the transient fluid-structure-thermal coupled simulation model of the bearing under test; it can obtain the temperatures corresponding to the bearing end face, bearing outer ring, and lubricating oil outlet, which, for ease of description, are abbreviated as simulation temperature data. (The following) (The same process applies). It should be noted that the temperature represented refers to the bearing end face, bearing outer ring, or lubricating oil outlet temperature, and the temperature difference should be calculated accordingly for each. Select a calibration condition where the bearing under test is operating normally and stably, and the simulation accuracy is easily verifiable. Run the transient fluid-structure-thermal coupling simulation model of the bearing under test under this calibration condition to obtain the simulation temperature data. Simultaneously, the device simulates a dynamic temperature rise curve and a temperature change cloud map of the bearing under test; at the same time, it collects the measured temperature data of the bearing under test under this operating condition using the temperature measuring device of this invention. ,right After filtering and noise reduction preprocessing, the measured dynamic temperature rise curve is obtained. Since the processing methods for the bearing end face temperature (obtained by an end face patch temperature sensor) and the bearing outer ring temperature (obtained by an outer ring patch temperature sensor) are the same, for ease of description, the bearing end face temperature and bearing outer ring temperature are denoted as follows: (The following) (The same processing applies) when This represents the bearing end face temperature (bearing outer ring temperature). When comparing temperature differences, the temperature difference is calculated by comparing it with the simulated temperature data at the corresponding location. The temperature difference value at the same time point under this calibration condition is calculated. .

[0111] Repeat the above simulation and measurement process N times (N≥3, to avoid data randomness); for N groups The data was processed to remove extreme values ​​by eliminating the maximum and minimum values. The mean μ0 and standard deviation σ of the remaining data were calculated, and the reliable fluctuation interval P of the temperature difference was defined as follows: Where k is the confidence coefficient (preferably k=2, corresponding to a 95% confidence level, ensuring the normal fluctuation range when the interval coverage model is accurate). The process of confirming the reliable fluctuation range P of the temperature difference is shown in the diagram below. Figure 10 As shown.

[0112] The reliable fluctuation range P of the lubricating oil outlet temperature difference is determined using the same method as the method used to obtain the reliable fluctuation range P of the temperature difference between the bearing end face and the bearing outer ring. oil The temperature at the lubricating oil outlet is also a factor reflecting whether the bearing is operating stably. Therefore, a calibration condition with stable operating conditions and easily verifiable simulation accuracy should be selected for the bearing under test. When running the transient fluid-structure-thermal coupling simulation model of the bearing under test under this calibration condition, the temperature at the lubricating oil outlet of the calibration simulation should be obtained. The device simulates the dynamic temperature rise curve of the lubricating oil outlet and can also measure the temperature at the lubricating oil outlet using the device of this invention. ,right After filtering and noise reduction preprocessing, the measured dynamic temperature rise curve of the lubricating oil outlet was obtained; the temperature difference of the lubricating oil outlet at the same time point under the calibration condition was calculated. Repeat the above simulation and measurement process N times (N≥3, to avoid data randomness); for N groups The data was processed to remove extreme values ​​by discarding the maximum and minimum values, and the mean μ of the remaining data was calculated. 0oil and standard deviation σ oil Define the reliable fluctuation range P of the temperature difference. oil for: , where k oil Confidence coefficient (preferably k) oil =2, corresponding to a 95% confidence level, ensuring the normal fluctuation range when the interval coverage model is accurate.

[0113] Set the target external operating conditions for the bearing under test, run the transient fluid-structure-thermal coupling simulation model of the bearing under test, and obtain the simulation temperature data under the target operating conditions. The device simulates dynamic temperature rise curves and temperature change cloud maps; it uses the temperature measuring device of this invention to simultaneously measure the bearing under test under the target operating condition and collect measured temperature data. and measured lubricating oil outlet temperature data ,right , Filtering and noise reduction preprocessing are performed to obtain the measured dynamic temperature rise curve and the measured dynamic temperature rise curve of the lubricating oil outlet; the temperature difference at the same time point under the target operating condition is calculated. (Both bearing end face temperature and bearing outer ring temperature are calculated.) At this time, if Within the reliable fluctuation range P (corresponding to the bearing end face temperature and the bearing outer ring temperature) (All within the range), and Also within the reliable fluctuation range P oil Inside, then denoted as a specific temperature difference value ,like Exceeding the previously defined reliable fluctuation range P or Exceeding the previously defined reliable fluctuation range P oil This indicates that the simulation model has some errors. Model correction is initiated, adjusting the key parameters affecting temperature calculation, namely the friction coefficient μ between the bearing friction pairs and the convective heat transfer coefficient h. After correction, the simulation model is run again, and simulation temperature data is repeatedly collected. and measured temperature data and measured lubricating oil outlet temperature Calculate the corrected temperature difference. If calculated multiple times (N≥3 times) All fall within the interval P, and If the standard deviation is ≤ σ (ensuring stable fluctuations), then the model correction is complete, and the final result will be obtained. denoted as a specific temperature difference value Otherwise, continue to adjust the friction coefficient μ and convective heat transfer coefficient h between the bearing friction pairs until the conditions are met and a reliable simulation model is obtained.

[0114] Extract N sets corresponding to the corrected reliable simulation model The data (which now falls within P and exhibits stable fluctuations) is used to eliminate the influence of random data and ensure threshold stability. N sets of data are then calculated. mean of data Simulated temperature data based on a reliable simulation model. The expression for the temperature threshold is determined as follows: The temperature threshold Tm serves as a temperature reference index for the subsequent multi-dimensional failure early warning module, providing an accurate and stable judgment benchmark for bearing failure early warning.

[0115] Warning threshold setting: This implementation method sets three warning thresholds, as follows:

[0116] (1) Temperature rise rate threshold setting:

[0117] Based on the determined temperature threshold expression and the temperature data collected by this temperature measuring device, the temperature rise rate thresholds for a single point on the bearing outer ring and for the entire bearing outer ring can be obtained. The bearing outer ring refers to the entire outer ring of the bearing under test. A temperature rise rate threshold determination node is set every 5 seconds; that is, the temperature measuring device collects the temperature of the bearing under test every 5 seconds to set the threshold. In practice, during the N repetitions of the above simulation and measurement process, data is also collected every 5 seconds for each measurement. It should be noted that the sampling time interval in this embodiment is 5 seconds; in other embodiments, it can be determined according to actual conditions.

[0118] (a) The threshold for the single-point temperature rise rate of the bearing outer ring is ℃: Where j represents the number of the bearing outer ring surface-mount temperature sensor, that is, j represents the j-th sensor in the temperature measuring device that collects data at a single point on the bearing outer ring. Therefore, Tm i，j Let Tm be the temperature threshold obtained from the i-th sampling of the bearing outer ring based on a single outer ring surface-mount temperature sensor j; i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... represents the sampling sequence number. For example, i = 1 indicates the temperature threshold Tm obtained by processing the single-point temperature of the bearing outer ring collected by the temperature measuring device in the first 5 seconds. When the data from the outer ring surface-mount temperature sensor exceeds the temperature rise rate threshold... When necessary, an early warning will be issued.

[0119] (b) The threshold for the single-point temperature rise rate of the bearing end face is ℃: Where k represents the part number of the bearing end face surface-mount temperature sensor, and Tm i，k Let Tm be the temperature measured by a single surface-mount temperature sensor k on the bearing end face during the i-th sampling. When the data from the surface-mount temperature sensor exceeds the temperature rise rate threshold... When necessary, an early warning will be issued.

[0120] (c) The threshold for the temperature rise rate in the outer ring region of the bearing is ℃, because the bearing outer ring refers to the entire outer ring of the bearing being tested, and the bearing outer ring is divided into three regions (i.e., the bearing outer ring region) according to the bearing load. For example, when the bearing being tested is only subjected to radial force, the bearing outer ring is divided into three regions according to the bearing load. Figure 11 As shown. For the three divided regions, a temperature rise rate threshold for the bearing outer ring region is introduced. ℃: Among them, Tm i，l This is the average value of the outer and inner rings of the surface-mount temperature sensor l within a certain area (i.e., the average value at a single point), used for calculation. Tm i，lThis is actually the average value of several outer ring surface-mount temperature sensors within the corresponding area. The average temperature data collected by the outer ring surface-mount temperature sensors within the area exceeds the temperature rise rate threshold. When necessary, an early warning will be issued.

[0121] (2) Temperature gradient threshold setting:

[0122] a) Set the temperature gradient threshold for each adjacent measuring point on the outer ring of the bearing to be... ℃: Where j represents the number of the bearing outer ring surface-mount temperature sensor, that is, j and j-1 in this formula represent adjacent single surface-mount temperature sensors on the bearing outer ring. When the temperature gradient between any two adjacent single points on the outer ring (bearing outer ring surface-mount temperature sensor) exceeds When this occurs, it is considered abnormal.

[0123] b) Set the temperature gradient threshold between every two adjacent measuring points on the bearing end face as follows: ℃: Where k represents the number of the bearing end-face patch temperature sensor, that is, k and k-1 in this formula represent adjacent single end-face patch temperature sensors on the bearing end face. When the temperature gradient between any two adjacent single points on the end face exceeds... At ℃, it is considered abnormal.

[0124] c) Divide the bearing outer ring into three regions (i.e., the bearing outer ring region) based on the bearing load, and set the temperature gradient threshold for the bearing outer ring region as follows: ℃: ,in, This represents the number of the surface-mount temperature sensor located in a certain area of ​​the bearing's outer ring, as shown in this formula. and This indicates the number of adjacent single outer ring surface-mount temperature sensors on the outer ring of a bearing within a certain area. L represents the number of adjacent outer ring surface-mount temperature sensor groups on the outer ring of the bearing within that area. An adjacent outer ring surface-mount temperature sensor group refers to a pair of adjacent outer ring surface-mount temperature sensors on the outer ring of the bearing. This represents the average temperature difference between adjacent surface-mount temperature sensors on the outer ring of a bearing within a specific region. When the regional temperature gradient exceeds... When this occurs, it is considered abnormal.

[0125] (3) Critical temperature threshold setting:

[0126] The critical temperatures of the bearing as a whole, the bearing end face, and the bearing outer ring are set based on the tolerance limits of the bearing material. The critical temperature of the bearing as a whole under good lubrication is set as L℃; the critical temperature of the bearing end face is set as D℃; and the critical temperature of the bearing outer ring is set as E℃. For example, the critical temperature of GCr15 bearing steel under good lubrication is 180℃, so the critical temperatures of the bearing end face and the bearing outer ring are set as follows: bearing end face critical temperature 150℃, and bearing outer ring critical temperature 160℃.

[0127] It is necessary to ensure that the overall bearing temperature is within the threshold range.

[0128] e. The processing steps of the multi-dimensional failure early warning module include:

[0129] When bearings are subjected to extreme operating conditions, such as heavy loads, excessively high speeds and accelerations, excessively high or low operating temperatures, or insufficient attention to proper mechanical assembly methods and operating habits, these conditions can easily lead to premature bearing failure and premature mechanical damage. Based on the specific circumstances of rolling bearing failure, it can be categorized as: excessive deformation, excessive vibration or noise, excessive frictional torque and temperature, and bearing seizure. In fact, the occurrence of one or more of these three conditions—excessive deformation, excessive vibration or noise, and excessive frictional torque and temperature—can all lead to bearing seizure. Damage to the rolling contact surfaces can very likely result in excessive deformation, excessive vibration or noise, and excessive frictional torque and temperature. Simultaneously, an interruption or inadequacy of the bearing lubricant supply can also cause abnormally high bearing temperatures.

[0130] Therefore, abnormal bearing temperature is a crucial parameter reflecting bearing failure. Thus, based on the temperature threshold determined in step d of the test bearing under a specific operating condition, in actual testing, temperature data from the bearing outer ring, bearing end face, and bearing lubricating oil outlet are collected using a temperature measuring device. Combining this with the bearing's failure and damage modes, and using temperature abnormality as the criterion, a three-level, multi-dimensional failure early warning unit is established, as detailed below:

[0131] Level 3 early warning implemented:

[0132] Level 1 (Single-point warning): In step c, each outer ring patch temperature sensor has been independently numbered. The temperature value of a single measuring point monitored in real time by the temperature measuring device is compared with the single-point temperature rise rate threshold, critical temperature threshold, and temperature gradient threshold of the bearing outer ring determined in step d. Judgment conditions:

[0133] When the single-point temperature rise rate of the bearing outer ring exceeds At ℃, the first-level warning signal is triggered;

[0134] When the temperature gradient between adjacent measuring points on the outer ring of the bearing exceeds ℃, triggering the first-level warning;

[0135] When the temperature of a single point on the outer ring of the bearing reaches the critical temperature E℃ set by the bearing material's tolerance limit but is less than L℃, the first-level warning is triggered.

[0136] If any of the three exceeds the specified threshold, an early warning will be issued, an orange alert will be given, and the abnormal sensor number and the corresponding bearing position will be accurately reported.

[0137] Level 2 (Regional Warning): Due to the different radial and axial loads on the bearing during the bearing test, it can be divided into three situations: (1) only radial force; (2) only axial force; (3) both radial and axial force. The outer ring patch temperature sensor can be divided into three regions (i.e., the bearing outer ring region) according to the bearing load based on the above three situations. For example, when the bearing under test is only subjected to radial force, such as Figure 11 As shown, the bearing outer ring is divided into three regions (i.e., the bearing outer ring region) based on the bearing load. The outer ring surface-mount temperature sensors E1-E5 corresponding to the bearing load are designated as the first region, E6-E9 as the second region, and E10-E13 as the third region. The bearing outer ring region is a combination of the first, second, and third regions. The temperature data of the divided bearing outer ring region is monitored in real time, and the average temperature rise rate and temperature gradient of the bearing outer ring region are calculated in real time in the computer program. Judgment conditions:

[0138] When the temperature gradient in the outer ring region of the bearing exceeds When the temperature reaches ℃, the second-level warning signal is triggered;

[0139] When the temperature rise rate in the outer ring region of the bearing exceeds When the temperature reaches ℃, the second-level warning signal is triggered;

[0140] If either of these exceeds the specified threshold, an early warning will be issued, a yellow alarm will be emitted via an audible and visual alarm, and the abnormal temperature rise area will be marked on the monitoring interface.

[0141] Level 3 (End Face Warning): In step c, each end face patch temperature sensor has been independently numbered. The temperature value at each measuring point on the end face, monitored in real-time by the temperature measuring device, is compared with the single-point temperature rise rate threshold, critical temperature threshold, and temperature gradient threshold between adjacent points on the bearing end face determined in step d. Judgment conditions:

[0142] If the temperature gradient between adjacent end-face patch temperature sensors exceeds ℃, triggering a Level 3 warning;

[0143] When the temperature collected by any end-face patch temperature sensor on the bearing end face reaches the end-face boundary temperature D℃ set in combination with the bearing material tolerance limit, but is less than L℃, the third-level warning is triggered.

[0144] When the temperature rise rate of any one end face of the bearing surface surface-mount temperature sensor exceeds At ℃, a Level 3 warning is triggered;

[0145] If any one of the three exceeds the prescribed threshold, a warning will be issued, a red alert will be given, and a shutdown recommendation will be provided.

[0146] By combining multi-point data collected by the device, the temperature field of the bearing end face and outer ring is reconstructed, and the abnormal high temperature area of ​​the raceway is accurately located.

[0147] The above examples of the present invention are merely illustrative of the computational model and process of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. Any obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bearing shim multi-point temperature measurement device, characterized by, It comprises a temperature measuring base (2), a bearing temperature measuring elastic sheet (3) and a lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring elastic sheet (5). The temperature measuring base (2) is a circular ring body, a first annular groove (11) and a first installation positioning groove (10) are arranged on one side of the temperature measuring base (2), and a second annular groove (18) and a second installation positioning groove (17) are arranged on the other side of the temperature measuring base (2); the bearing temperature measuring elastic sheet (3) and the lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring elastic sheet (5) are respectively installed on the two sides of the temperature measuring base (2); the bearing temperature measuring elastic sheet (3) is in a circular ring shape, sensor mounting seats (16) are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the circular ring, and the sensor mounting seats (16) are used for mounting outer ring patch type temperature sensors (7) and end face patch type temperature sensors (8); the lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring elastic sheet (5) is in a semicircular ring shape, two lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring elastic sheets (5) are arranged on the end face of one side of the temperature measuring base (2), and the two lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring elastic sheets (5) can form a circular ring and are closely connected with the end face of the temperature measuring base (2); a plurality of sensor mounting seats (16) are uniformly arranged on the lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring elastic sheet (5) and are used for arranging lubricating oil outlet patch type temperature sensors (9); the side of the lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring elastic sheet (5) corresponding to the direction of the lubricating oil flow is the upper side, and the other side is the lower side, and the lubricating oil outlet patch type temperature sensors (9) are installed below the lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring elastic sheet (5).

2. The bearing spring multi-point temperature measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first annular groove (11) can surround the wire pressing baffle (14) on the bearing temperature measuring elastic sheet (3) to form a closed wire winding space, and is used for winding and arranging the cables of the outer ring patch type temperature sensors (7) and the end face patch type temperature sensors (8); and the second annular groove (18) is used for winding and arranging the cables of the lubricating oil outlet patch type temperature sensors (9).

3. The bearing spring multi-point temperature measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first installation positioning groove (10) is used for axially positioning the sensor mounting seat (16) on which the end face patch type temperature sensor (8) is installed and limiting the displacement of the bearing temperature measuring elastic sheet (3) when the bearing temperature measuring elastic sheet (3) is pressed; and the second installation positioning groove (17) is used for limiting the cable placement position of the lubricating oil outlet patch type temperature sensor (9).

4. The bearing spring multi-point temperature measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Wire outlets (12) are arranged on the two sides of the temperature measuring base (2) respectively, the wire outlets (12) are arranged along the radial direction of the circular side, the wire outlet (12) on one side is communicated with the first annular groove (11), and the wire outlet (12) on the other side is communicated with the second annular groove (18); and the wire outlets (12) are used for placing the cables of the outer ring patch type temperature sensors (7), the end face patch type temperature sensors (8) and the lubricating oil outlet patch type temperature sensors (9).

5. The bearing spring multi-point temperature measurement device of claim 1, wherein, The temperature measuring base (2) is provided with a through installation hole (4) and is used for fixedly connecting with the bearing temperature measuring elastic sheet (3) and the two lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring elastic sheets (5); and the bearing temperature measuring elastic sheet (3) is provided with an installation hole used for mutually buckling with the temperature measuring base (2).

6. The bearing spring multi-point temperature measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The device further comprises a temperature measuring system arranged in the upper computer, and the temperature measuring system comprises an external working condition parameter acquisition module, a heat generation calculation and simulation coupling simulation module, a bearing and lubricating oil outlet temperature acquisition module, a data analysis processing module and a multi-dimensional failure early warning module. An external working condition parameter acquisition module is configured to acquire bearing working condition parameters in real time, including bearing rotating speed, loading mechanism control radial and axial load, and lubricating oil inlet temperature; A bearing heat generation calculation and simulation coupling simulation module is configured to simulate fluid-thermal coupling by using simulation software based on bearing working condition parameters, simulate bearing temperature rise rate change, and obtain a dynamic temperature rise curve; A bearing temperature and lubricating oil outlet temperature acquisition module is configured to acquire temperature data in real time by using an end face patch type temperature sensor (8), an outer ring patch type temperature sensor (7), and a lubricating oil outlet patch type temperature sensor (9); The data analysis processing module: based on the bearing normal, stable working condition respectively collecting bearing end face, bearing outer ring, lubricating oil outlet of the measured temperature data, and with this working condition under the dynamic temperature rise curve obtained by heat generation calculation and simulation coupling simulation module comparison, respectively, the temperature difference and temperature difference credible fluctuation interval, the temperature difference credible fluctuation interval is recorded as the standard temperature difference credible fluctuation interval; according to the bearing target working condition respectively collecting bearing end face, bearing outer ring, lubricating oil outlet of the measured temperature data, and with this working condition under the dynamic temperature rise curve obtained by heat generation calculation and simulation coupling simulation module comparison, if the bearing end face, bearing outer ring, lubricating oil outlet of the measured temperature data under this working condition corresponding temperature difference is in the standard temperature difference credible fluctuation interval, at this time the simulation model is credible simulation model, otherwise adjust the simulation model parameters, until the credible simulation model is obtained; based on the bearing end face, bearing outer ring measured temperature data and the corresponding credible simulation model temperature data respectively calculate the temperature difference, recorded as , based on the average value of N groups Data Determine the temperature rise rate threshold, temperature gradient threshold; at the same time, according to the bearing material resistance limit set critical temperature threshold; A multi-dimensional failure early warning module is configured to acquire temperature data in real time by using the end face patch type temperature sensor (8) and the outer ring patch type temperature sensor (7), that is, to perform multi-point temperature measurement, and to perform multi-point temperature measurement early warning in combination with a temperature rise rate threshold value, a temperature gradient threshold value, and a critical temperature threshold value.

7. The bearing shim multi-point temperature measurement device of claim 6, wherein, The specific process of obtaining a reliable simulation model includes: The external working condition parameters are input into the heat generation calculation and simulation coupling simulation module; wherein, the heat generation calculation and simulation coupling simulation module calculates bearing friction torque and total heat generation, and converts the total heat generation obtained by calculation into heat flux density of the contact area between the bearing inner and outer rings and the rolling elements as a thermal simulation boundary condition input into the simulation software, while inputting the measured axial load and radial load suffered by the measured bearing and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the bearing outer surface and the environment into the simulation software; the measured bearing three-dimensional model and the applied thermal boundary condition and environmental boundary condition jointly constitute a coupling simulation model of the measured bearing lubricating oil fluid, bearing body and bearing temperature, referred to as a transient fluid-thermal coupling simulation model of the measured bearing, and then the corresponding temperatures of the bearing end face, bearing outer ring and lubricating oil outlet are obtained, which are simply denoted as simulation temperature data, and the corresponding temperatures of the bearing end face, bearing outer ring and lubricating oil outlet obtain simulated dynamic temperature rise curves respectively; at the same time, by collecting the measured temperature data of the measured bearing under the working condition, the corresponding temperatures of the bearing end face, bearing outer ring and lubricating oil outlet correspond to a group of measured temperature data respectively; the temperature difference of the bearing end face and the bearing outer ring at the same time node under the working condition is calculated, and the temperature difference is the difference between the measured temperature data and the corresponding simulation temperature data; The above simulation and actual measurement process is repeated multiple times, and the average value and standard deviation of each corresponding bearing end face and bearing outer ring are obtained. Based on the average value and standard deviation, the temperature difference value reliable fluctuation interval P of the corresponding temperature of the bearing end face and the bearing outer ring is obtained; the same method as obtaining the temperature difference value reliable fluctuation interval P of the corresponding temperature of the bearing end face and the bearing outer ring is used to determine the temperature difference value reliable fluctuation interval P of the lubricating oil outlet temperature oil The P corresponding to the bearing end face and the bearing outer ring, and the P corresponding to the lubricating oil outlet temperature are collectively referred to as a standard temperature difference value reliable fluctuation interval oil ​ Setting a target working condition of a bearing to be measured, obtaining a bearing end face temperature difference, a bearing outer ring temperature difference, and a lubricating oil outlet temperature difference under the corresponding working condition in the same manner, respectively determining whether the respective corresponding temperature difference falls within a corresponding standard temperature difference reliable fluctuation interval, if any temperature difference exceeds the corresponding standard temperature difference reliable fluctuation interval, performing model correction, adjusting key parameters for core influence temperature calculation, re-running the simulation model after correction, calculating the corrected temperature difference, and if the temperature differences calculated multiple times all fall within the corresponding standard temperature difference reliable fluctuation interval, the model correction is completed, and a reliable simulation model is obtained.

8. The bearing shim multi-point temperature measurement device of claim 7, wherein, The N groups Average value of the data The process of determining the temperature rise rate threshold value, the temperature gradient threshold value comprises: For the bearing end face and the bearing outer ring, the respective corresponding temperature threshold values are obtained according to the following steps: extracting N sets of temperature difference values corresponding to the trusted simulation model , calculating the mean value of the N sets of temperature difference values ; based on the simulation temperature data of the trusted simulation model , obtaining the corresponding temperature threshold value according to the temperature threshold expression ;​ (1) Based on the determined temperature threshold value expression, set every n seconds as a temperature rise rate threshold value judgment node, and set the temperature rise rate threshold value as follows: The single-point temperature rise rate threshold of the bearing outer ring is : wherein j represents the number of the bearing outer ring patch temperature sensor, Tm i，j is the Tm based on a single outer ring patch temperature sensor j on the bearing outer ring at the ith sampling; i represents the sampling serial number; The single-point temperature rise rate threshold of the bearing end face is : wherein k represents the number of the end face patch temperature sensor of the bearing, Tm i，k is the Tm based on the single end face patch temperature sensor k on the bearing end face at the i-th sampling The bearing outer ring area temperature rise rate threshold is , according to the bearing load, the bearing outer ring is divided into multiple areas, each area is called a bearing outer ring area, the bearing outer ring area temperature rise rate threshold is calculated : , wherein Tm i，l is the average value of all outer ring patch type temperature sensors l in a certain bearing outer ring area; (2) Based on the determined temperature threshold value expression, set the temperature gradient threshold value as follows: The temperature gradient threshold value of each adjacent measuring point of the single point of the bearing outer ring is set as : , wherein j and j-1 represent adjacent single outer ring patch temperature sensors on the bearing outer ring. The temperature gradient threshold value of every two adjacent measuring points of the bearing end face is set as : wherein k and k-1 represent adjacent single end face patch temperature sensors on the bearing end face. The bearing outer ring area temperature gradient threshold value is set according to the bearing outer ring area divided by the bearing load : , wherein represents the number of the patch type temperature sensor in a certain area of the bearing outer ring, and represents the adjacent single outer ring patch type temperature sensor on the bearing outer ring in a certain area, L is the number of the adjacent outer ring patch type temperature sensor group on the bearing outer ring in a certain area, and the adjacent outer ring patch type temperature sensor group on the bearing outer ring refers to an adjacent pair of outer ring patch type temperature sensors on the bearing outer ring.

9. The bearing shim multi-point temperature measurement device of claim 8, wherein, The process in which the multi-dimensional failure early warning module performs multi-point temperature measurement early warning in combination with the temperature rise rate threshold value, the temperature gradient threshold value, and the critical temperature threshold value includes: Early warning is performed according to the three-level multi-dimensional failure early warning mode: First-level early warning judgment condition: When the temperature rise rate of the single outer ring patch type temperature sensor on the bearing outer ring exceeds the first level early warning signal is triggered; When the temperature gradient of the bearing outer ring adjacent to the single outer ring patch temperature sensor exceeds , a first level of warning is triggered; When the temperature of a single outer ring patch type temperature sensor of the bearing outer ring reaches the bearing outer ring critical temperature E but is less than the bearing overall critical temperature L, the first-level early warning is triggered; If any one of the three exceeds the specified threshold value, early warning is performed; Second-level early warning judgment condition: When the temperature gradient of the bearing outer ring region exceeds a second level of warning signal is triggered. When the temperature rise rate of the bearing outer ring region exceeds a second level of early warning signal is triggered; If any one of the two exceeds the specified threshold value, early warning is performed; Third-level early warning judgment condition: If the temperature gradient of the adjacent end face patch temperature sensor exceeds , the third level of warning is triggered. When the temperature acquired by any one of the end face patch type temperature sensors of the bearing end face reaches the bearing end face critical temperature D but is less than the bearing overall critical temperature L, the third-level early warning is triggered; When the temperature rise rate of any one end face patch temperature sensor exceeds a third level of warning is triggered. If any one of the three exceeds the specified threshold value, early warning is performed.

10. A temperature measurement method, characterized by, Temperature is collected by using the bearing spring multi-point temperature measurement device according to any one of claims 6 to 9, the bearing temperature and lubricating oil outlet temperature acquisition module in the temperature measurement system receives temperature data and is used for displaying temperature data; and the multi-dimensional failure early warning module in the temperature measurement system performs multi-point temperature measurement early warning in combination with the temperature rise rate threshold value, the temperature gradient threshold value, and the critical temperature threshold value.

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