Simple support restraining device capable of applying axial force and used for lateral loading test of column component
By designing a simply supported constraint device that includes a rigid bottom beam and an axially simply supported unit, a lateral loading test of column members under axial load was realized. This solved the problem that existing devices could not apply axial and lateral loads simultaneously, improved the accuracy and safety of the test, adapted to the test requirements of different sizes and load levels, and reduced maintenance costs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511581918.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing simply supported constraint devices cannot simultaneously achieve axial and lateral loading, and are prone to slippage or overturning during lateral loading, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision testing and limiting their application range.
A simply supported constraint device, comprising a rigid bottom beam, a lateral loader, and two sets of axially simply supported units, was designed. Axial and lateral loads are applied to the column members through the axial loading module and the simply supported support module. The rigid design and stable fixing method ensure the stability and reliability of load transfer.
It enables the precise application of lateral impact loads when column members are subjected to axial loads, simulating complex stress states, improving the realism and safety of the test, reducing the risk of device failure, adapting to the test requirements of different sizes and load levels, reducing maintenance costs, and improving equipment utilization and test efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN121453508A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a simply supported constraint device, specifically to a simply supported constraint device for lateral loading tests of column members capable of applying axial force, belonging to the technical field of lateral loading tests of column members. Background Technology
[0002] Columns are crucial structural members that bear vertical loads, significantly enhancing the stability and integrity of a building. Their safety directly impacts the overall structural integrity. Columns not only support the weight of the structure but also frequently face complex lateral loads. Most columns primarily bear axial loads during their service life and inevitably experience unexpected lateral impact loads. For example, bridge pier columns may suffer structural instability or even progressive collapse due to collisions with vehicles or ships; industrial plant support columns are highly susceptible to structural failure caused by uncontrolled crane operations or accidental impacts from falling heavy objects; and columns on offshore platforms are extremely vulnerable to impacts from ships and ice floes.
[0003] Conducting lateral loading tests on column members of different types is the main technical means to study their lateral stress performance. During service, the boundary constraints of column members mainly include simply supported constraints, fixed-end constraints, and sliding constraints. When conducting axial compression tests and lateral loading tests on column members, the form of simply supported constraints at both ends is often adopted. That is, it simulates the ideal hinged boundary conditions of column members under axial or lateral loads, ensuring that simply supported constraints only provide axial or lateral reactions and do not restrict the rotation of the column member ends.
[0004] Currently, most simply supported restraint devices have relatively limited functionality. For example, simply supported supports commonly used in axial loading tests include spherical supports and knife-edge supports. Spherical supports provide axial reaction force through spherical contact, allowing free rotation at the ends of column members; knife-edge supports transmit axial loads through linear contact. Similarly, simply supported supports commonly used in lateral loading tests include roller supports and plate rubber supports. Both can provide lateral reaction force. Roller supports achieve free rotation at the ends through the physical rolling of the steel roller, while rubber supports achieve rotation through the elastic shear deformation of the rubber material.
[0005] The aforementioned simply supported constraint devices can only provide axial or lateral support, and cannot be used to conduct lateral loading tests on column members that take axial force into account. This makes it difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision testing and limits the application range of simply supported constraint devices. At the same time, for roller bearings or plate rubber bearings, slippage or overturning is likely to occur during lateral loading, leading to failure of simply supported bearings.
[0006] In summary, how to propose a novel simply supported constraint device to address the aforementioned technical problems has become a pressing issue for those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention
[0007] To address the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a simply supported constraint device for lateral loading tests of column members capable of applying axial force.
[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is: a simply supported constraint device for lateral loading test of column members capable of applying axial force, comprising a rigid bottom beam, a lateral loader and two sets of axially simply supported units.
[0009] Both sets of axially simply supported units are installed on a rigid bottom beam, and the column component under test is arranged between the two sets of axially simply supported units. The lateral loader is fixed to the ground through a reaction frame, and the loading head of the lateral loader abuts against the outer circumferential surface of the column component under test.
[0010] The axially simply supported unit includes a rigid support, a simply supported support module, and an axial loading module.
[0011] The rigid support is installed on the rigid bottom beam, and both the simply supported support module and the axial loading module are arranged on the rigid support.
[0012] The axial loading module includes an axial force loading block, a limiting pressure plate, and two axial through rods.
[0013] A knife-head is fixed to the side wall of the axial force loading pier, and several rollers are arranged between the axial force loading pier and the rigid support.
[0014] The axial force loading pier has elongated holes, and several rollers are arranged between the limiting pressure plate and the axial force loading pier. Bolts pass through the limiting pressure plate and the elongated holes and are connected to the rigid support.
[0015] An axial through-bar passes through the axial force loading pier, and two axial through-bars are respectively arranged on both sides of the axis of the column component being measured. A first disc spring and a first limiting nut are coaxially installed at one end of the axial through-bar, and the first disc spring is arranged between the first limiting nut and the axial force loading pier.
[0016] The other end of the axial through-hole rod is coaxially equipped with a second disc spring, a force sensor, a through-hole jack, and a second limit nut, and the second disc spring and the cutter head are respectively arranged on both sides of the axial force loading block.
[0017] The simply supported module includes a simply supported hinge seat, a limiting rod, and two fixing plates mounted on a rigid support.
[0018] One side of the simply supported knife hinge seat abuts against the knife hinge head, and the other side of the simply supported knife hinge seat is fixedly connected to the end face of the column member being measured.
[0019] The lower surface of the simply supported knife hinge abuts against the upper surface of the rigid support, and the simply supported knife hinge is arranged between two fixed plates.
[0020] The fixing plate has elongated holes, and the limiting rod passes through the elongated holes on both fixing plates.
[0021] Furthermore, the simply supported tool hinge seat includes a top steel plate, a tool hinge plate, and a bottom steel plate arranged in an I-shape.
[0022] The blade hinge plate is fixed between the top steel plate and the bottom steel plate, and one side of the blade hinge plate has a blade hinge groove that matches the blade hinge head. The other side of the blade hinge plate is fixed to the end face of the column component being measured.
[0023] The lower surface of the bottom steel plate is curved, and the curved surface abuts against the upper surface of the rigid support.
[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
[0025] 1. Compared with traditional simply supported constraint devices, the simply supported support module 3 and axial loading module 4 of this invention can accurately apply lateral impact or static loads while the column member is subjected to axial loads. This can more realistically simulate the complex stress state of the column member in actual engineering such as accidental impacts, and provide a solid foundation for studying its compression-bending coupling performance. At the same time, this invention and its components adopt rigid design and stable fixing method, which ensures the effective transfer of loads and provides stable boundary conditions for lateral loading tests.
[0026] Furthermore, since the main components of this invention are durable and reusable, when conducting a series of similar tests, there is no need to remake a dedicated constraint device for each test. Even if local wear or damage occurs, only the specific module can be replaced, resulting in lower maintenance costs and superior overall integrity and economy.
[0027] 2. By adjusting or replacing the simply supported knife hinge seat 3-2 of different sizes, this invention can adapt to the testing requirements of column components with different cross-sectional dimensions and different load levels, thereby improving the utilization rate of the equipment and enhancing its applicability. Moreover, this invention is easy to install and simple to operate, significantly improving the testing efficiency.
[0028] 3. This invention improves the safety of lateral loading tests by optimizing the force transmission path, ensuring that the simply supported restraint device itself remains stable even when the column member is close to its ultimate bearing capacity, greatly reducing the risk of accidental interruption of the test or equipment damage due to the failure of the simply supported restraint device. Attached Figure Description
[0029] Figure 1 This is the first isometric view of the present invention;
[0030] Figure 2 This is the first isometric view of the simply supported module 3 and the axial loading module 4 in this invention;
[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the simply supported module 3 in this invention;
[0032] Figure 4 This is a second isometric view of the simply supported module 3 and the axial loading module 4 in this invention;
[0033] Figure 5 This is the third isometric view of the simply supported module 3 and the axial loading module 4 in this invention;
[0034] Figure 6 This is the first isometric drawing taken during the testing of this invention;
[0035] Figure 7 This is the first isometric drawing taken during the testing of this invention;
[0036] Figure 8 This is the first isometric drawing taken during the testing of this invention;
[0037] Figure 9 This is the first isometric drawing taken during the testing of this invention;
[0038] Figure 10 This is the first isometric drawing taken during the testing of this invention.
[0039] In the diagram: 1. Rigid bottom beam; 2. Rigid support; 3. Simply supported support module; 3-1. Fixing plate; 3-2. Simply supported jack; 3-2-1. Top steel plate; 3-2-2. Jack plate; 3-2-3. Bottom steel plate; 3-3. Limiting rod; 4. Axial loading module; 4-1. Axial through-core rod; 4-2. Axial force loading block; 4-2-3. Jack head; 4-3. Limiting pressure plate; 4-4. Roller; 4-5-1. First disc spring; 4-5-2. Second disc spring; 4-6. Force sensor; 4-7. Through-core jack; 4-8-1. First limiting nut; 4-8-2. Second limiting nut; 5. Column component under test; 6. Lateral loader. Detailed Implementation
[0040] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments.
[0041] Specific implementation method one: Combining Figures 1 to 5 This embodiment describes a simply supported constraint device for lateral loading tests of column members capable of applying axial force, comprising a rigid bottom beam 1, a lateral loader 6, and two sets of axially simply supported units.
[0042] Both sets of axially simply supported units are installed on the rigid bottom beam 1, and the column component 5 under test is arranged between the two sets of axially simply supported units; the lateral loader 6 is fixed to the ground through the reaction frame. Preferably, the lateral loader 6 is an electro-hydraulic servo actuator, and the loading head of the lateral loader 6 abuts against the outer circumferential surface of the column component 5 under test.
[0043] The axial-simply supported unit includes a rigid support 2, a simply supported support module 3, and an axial loading module 4. When conducting a lateral loading test on the column member 5 under test, the axial load is first applied to the column member 5 under test through the axial loading module 4. After the axial load stabilizes to the expected value, the lateral loading test is conducted.
[0044] Rigid support 2 is installed on rigid bottom beam 1, and simply supported support module 3 and axial loading module 4 are both arranged on rigid support 2.
[0045] The axial loading module 4 includes an axial force loading block 4-2, a limiting pressure plate 4-3, and two axial through rods 4-1.
[0046] A knife-handle head 4-2-3 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the axial force loading block 4-2, and several rollers 4-4 are arranged between the lower surface of the axial force loading block 4-2 and the upper surface of the rigid support 2.
[0047] The axial loading pier 4-2 has an elongated hole. Several rollers 4-4 are arranged between the lower surface of the limiting pressure plate 4-3 and the upper surface of the axial loading pier 4-2. After the bolts pass through the limiting pressure plate 4-3 and the elongated hole, they are connected to the upper surface of the rigid support 2. This arrangement can limit the lateral displacement of the axial loading pier 4-2 on the one hand, and release the axial displacement on the other hand, so that the axial loading pier 4-2 can move along the axis of the column component 5 under test, thus realizing the application and maintenance of axial force during the axial loading process and the lateral loading test.
[0048] Axial through rod 4-1 passes through axial force loading block 4-2, and two axial through rods 4-1 are respectively arranged on both sides of the axis of the column component 5 being measured. A first disc spring 4-5-1 and a first limiting nut 4-8-1 are coaxially installed at one end of the axial through rod 4-1. The first disc spring 4-5-1 is arranged between the first limiting nut 4-8-1 and the axial force loading block 4-2.
[0049] The other end of the axial through rod 4-1 is coaxially equipped with a second disc spring 4-5-2, a force sensor 4-6, a through jack 4-7, and a second limit nut 4-8-2, and the second disc spring 4-5-2 and the knife reamer 4-2-3 are respectively arranged on both sides of the axial force loading block 4-2.
[0050] Furthermore, both the first disc spring 4-5-1 and the second disc spring 4-5-2 are composed of several single disc springs connected in series, and the inner diameter of a single disc spring needs to be larger than the diameter of the axial through rod 4-1. With this configuration, the disc springs ensure that the axial load will not suddenly decrease due to the lateral deformation of the tested column component 5 during the lateral loading test, which is beneficial to maintaining the stability of the axial load and further ensuring the application and collection of the axial load.
[0051] Furthermore, both the first limiting nut 4-8-1 and the second limiting nut 4-8-2 are used to provide reaction force and transfer axial load to the axial mandrel 4-1, and their performance level shall not be less than 8.8.
[0052] The simply supported module 3 includes a simply supported hinge seat 3-2, a limiting rod 3-3, and two fixing plates 3-1 mounted on the rigid support 2.
[0053] One side of the simply supported knife hinge seat 3-2 abuts against the knife hinge head 4-2-3, and the other side of the simply supported knife hinge seat 3-2 is fixedly connected to the end face of the column member 5 being measured.
[0054] The lower surface of the simply supported knife hinge seat 3-2 abuts against the upper surface of the rigid support 2, and the simply supported knife hinge seat 3-2 is arranged between the two fixed plates 3-1.
[0055] The fixed plate 3-1 has an elongated hole, which is in the same direction as the height of the simple support knife hinge 3-2. The limiting rod 3-3 passes through the elongated holes on the two fixed plates 3-1. The outer circumferential surface of the limiting rod 3-3 abuts against the upper surface of the simple support knife hinge 3-2. This arrangement allows the limiting rod 3-3 to have a certain vertical movement space to accommodate simple support knife hinges 3-2 of different heights. On the other hand, the limiting rod 3-3 can restrict the vertical displacement of the simple support knife hinge 3-2 after passing through the two elongated holes.
[0056] Furthermore, the limiting rod 3-3 is a threaded rod with threads at both ends, with a diameter greater than or equal to 15mm and a performance grade not less than 8.8, in order to prevent plastic deformation during the test from making it difficult to disassemble the simply supported module 3.
[0057] Specific Implementation Method Two: Combining Figures 1 to 5 This embodiment describes a simply supported blade hinge seat 3-2, which includes a top steel plate 3-2-1, a blade hinge plate 3-2-2, and a bottom steel plate 3-2-3 arranged in an I-shape.
[0058] The blade hinge plate 3-2-2 is fixed between the top steel plate 3-2-1 and the bottom steel plate 3-2-3, and one side of the blade hinge plate 3-2-2 has a blade hinge groove that matches the blade hinge head 4-2-3. The other side of the blade hinge plate 3-2-2 is fixed to the end face of the column component 5 being measured.
[0059] The lower surface of the bottom steel plate 3-2-3 is an arc surface, and the arc surface abuts against the upper surface of the rigid support 2. Preferably, the center and radius of the arc surface depend on the position of the reamer head 4-2-3, so that after the tested column member 5 is laterally loaded, its end rotates only at the position of the reamer head 4-2-3, thereby ensuring that the lateral reaction force is completely provided by the rigid support 2 and not borne by the reamer head 4-2-3, preventing the reamer head 4-2-3 from separating from the reamer plate 3-2-2 during the lateral loading test, so that the lateral reaction force can still be effectively provided when the end of the tested column member 5 rotates.
[0060] Furthermore, both the blade hinge plate 3-2-2 and the bottom steel plate 3-2-3 are made of Q235 material or a material with a higher strength grade, and both have a thickness of 30mm or more.
[0061] The other components and connections are the same as in Specific Implementation Method 1.
[0062] Specific implementation method three: Combining Figures 1 to 5 In this embodiment, both the top steel plate 3-2-1 and the bottom steel plate 3-2-3 are welded to the blade hinge plate 3-2-2; furthermore, the thickness of the top steel plate 3-2-1 is greater than or equal to 10mm.
[0063] The other components and connections are the same as in specific implementation method one or two.
[0064] Specific implementation method four: Combination Figures 1 to 5 In this embodiment, flanges are welded to both ends of the column component 5 under test. Preferably, the flanges are made of Q235 material or a material with a higher strength grade, and the thickness of the flanges is greater than or equal to 10mm. This arrangement facilitates the effective connection between the flanges and the column component 5 under test, prevents shear failure at the ends of the column component 5 under test during the test, and reduces welding deformation when the flanges are welded to the column component 5 under test.
[0065] The flange and the knife hinge plate 3-2-2 are connected by bolts. This arrangement can stably apply axial load to the measured column component 5 and limit the displacement of the measured column component 5 in its diameter direction.
[0066] The other components and connections are the same as those in specific implementation methods one, two, or three.
[0067] Specific Implementation Method Five: Combining Figures 1 to 5 In this embodiment, the longitudinal section of the fixing plate 3-1 is L-shaped, and the fixing plate 3-1 is installed on the upper surface of the rigid support 2 by bolts. Preferably, the fixing plate 3-1 is made of Q235 material or a material with a higher strength grade.
[0068] Furthermore, the thickness of each part of the fixing plate 3-1 is greater than or equal to 20 mm.
[0069] Furthermore, the width of the fixing plate 3-1 along the axis of the measured column member 5 is greater than or equal to 50 mm, which is to ensure that the lateral constraint can be effectively applied.
[0070] The other components and connections are the same as those in specific implementation methods one, two, three, or four.
[0071] Specific Implementation Method Six: Combination Figures 1 to 5 In this embodiment, the axial mandrel 4-1 is made of Q235 material or a material with a higher strength grade, and the diameter of the axial mandrel 4-1 is greater than or equal to 40mm.
[0072] The axial mandrel 4-1 mainly serves to transmit the axial reaction force and transfer the axial force to the other end of the measured column member 5, forming a self-balancing axial loading system. During the application of axial force, the mandrel jack 4-7 applies the axial load and transfers it to the axial load pier 4-2 and the second limiting nut 4-8-2, so that the axial mandrel 4-1 is in a tension state and transfers the axial load to the axial load pier 4-2 on the other side. The axial load pier 4-2 then applies the axial load to the measured column member 5 through the simply supported support module 3 to realize the application of the axial load.
[0073] The other components and connections are the same as those in specific implementation methods one, two, three, four, or five.
[0074] Specific implementation method seven: Combination Figures 1 to 5 In this embodiment, the limiting pressure plate 4-3 is made of Q235 material or a material with a higher strength grade, and the thickness of the limiting pressure plate 4-3 is greater than or equal to 10mm. The upward displacement of the axial force loading block 4-2 is restricted by the cooperation of the bolts and the limiting pressure plate 4-3 during the axial force loading and lateral loading tests, so as to ensure that the axial load is applied smoothly.
[0075] Furthermore, the roller 4-4 is made of Q235 material or a material with a higher strength grade, and the diameter of the roller 4-4 is greater than or equal to 5mm.
[0076] Furthermore, the axial force loading pier 4-2 is a box-shaped structure welded from several steel plates. Preferably, it is prefabricated and welded in the factory, and the steel plates used are made of Q235 material or a material with a higher strength grade, and its thickness is greater than or equal to 10mm.
[0077] The other components and connections are the same as those in specific implementation methods one, two, three, four, five, or six.
[0078] Working principle
[0079] Combination Figures 1 to 10 The working principle of this invention is explained below. When using this invention, the following steps are followed:
[0080] Step 1: Based on the span and cross-sectional dimensions of the column component 5 being measured, determine the appropriate position of the rigid support 2 on the rigid bottom beam 1 and install and fix it, such as... Figure 6 As shown.
[0081] Step 2: Based on the structural dimensions and stress performance of the column component 5 being tested, determine the dimensions and other parameters of the fixing plate 3-1 and the simply supported hinge seat 3-2, and then manufacture them using a factory prefabrication method.
[0082] The blade hinge plate 3-2-2 and the bottom steel plate 3-2-3 should be processed using wire EDM to ensure sufficient precision of the blade hinge groove and the arc surface. The center and radius of the arc surface depend on the position of the blade hinge head 4-2-3 so that after the tested column member 5 is laterally loaded, its end rotates only at the position of the blade hinge head 4-2-3. This ensures that the lateral reaction force is provided entirely by the rigid support 2 and not borne by the blade hinge head 4-2-3, preventing the blade hinge head 4-2-3 from detaching from the blade hinge plate 3-2-2 during the lateral loading test. This ensures that the lateral reaction force can still be effectively provided when the end of the tested column member 5 rotates.
[0083] After the fixed plate 3-1 and the simply supported knife hinge seat 3-2 are completed, the fixed plate 3-1 is first installed on the rigid support 2 with bolts. Then, the simply supported knife hinge seat 3-2 is connected to the end face of the column member 5 under test with bolts, ensuring that the knife hinge groove faces the knife hinge head 4-2-3. Next, grease is applied to the contact surfaces between the bottom steel plate 3-2-3 and the rigid support 2 to accommodate the axial compression of the column member 5 under test during the subsequent application of axial force. Finally, the simply supported knife hinge seat 3-2 is placed between the two fixed plates 3-1. After installation, it is as follows: Figure 7 As shown.
[0084] Step 3: Determine the thickness, quantity, and strength grade of the steel plate and the reamer head 4-2-3 required for welding the axial load pier 4-2 based on the magnitude of the axial load to be applied. The reamer head 4-2-3 is processed using wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) technology to ensure sufficient precision.
[0085] After completing the fabrication of the axial force loading block 4-2, first place several grease-coated rollers 4-4 on the upper surface of the rigid support 2, then place the axial force loading block 4-2 on the rollers 4-4, and align the cutter head 4-2-3 with the cutter groove of the cutter plate 3-2-2; subsequently, place several grease-coated rollers 4-4 on the extended part at the bottom of the axial force loading block 4-2, and arrange the limiting pressure plate 4-3 on the rollers 4-4 at that location. After installation, as shown... Figure 8 As shown.
[0086] Step 4: Determine the diameter of the axial mandrel 4-1 according to the magnitude of the axial load to be applied, and determine the length of the axial mandrel 4-1 according to the span of the column member 5 being measured.
[0087] During installation, first pass the axial mandrel 4-1 through the axial force loading block 4-2, then install several disc springs at both ends of the axial mandrel 4-1; subsequently, install the first limiting nut 4-8-1 on one side of the axial mandrel 4-1, and then install the force sensor 4-6, the mandrel jack 4-7, and the second limiting nut 4-8-2 on the other side in sequence, to facilitate the application and acquisition of axial loads. After installation, as shown... Figure 9 As shown.
[0088] Step 5: Check the alignment and contact status of each part, fine-tune the position of each part, and after confirming that it is accurate, first connect the rigid support 2, the axial force loading block 4-2, and the limiting pressure plate 4-3 with several bolts. That is, the bolts pass through the elongated holes on the extension of the limiting pressure plate 4-3 and the axial force loading block 4-2 and are connected to the upper surface of the rigid support 2. Then, the limiting rod 3-3 passes through the elongated hole of the fixing plate 3-1. Finally, apply the axial load to the column component 5 under test through the jack 4-7, and collect and monitor the magnitude of the applied axial load through the force sensor 4-6. After the installation is completed, as shown in the figure. Figure 10 As shown.
[0089] Step 6: After the axial load reaches the predetermined value, check the tightness of each bolt again, tighten any loose bolts, and then carry out the lateral loading test as needed.
[0090] The present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made by those skilled in the art to the above embodiments without departing from the technical solution of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims
1. A simply supported constraint device for lateral loading tests of column members capable of applying axial forces, characterized in that: It includes a rigid bottom beam (1), a lateral loader (6), and two sets of axially-simply supported elements; Both sets of axial-simply supported units are installed on the rigid bottom beam (1), and the column component (5) under test is arranged between the two sets of axial-simply supported units. The lateral loader (6) is fixed to the ground through the reaction frame, and the loading head of the lateral loader (6) abuts against the outer circumferential surface of the column component (5) under test. The axial-simply supported unit includes a rigid support (2), a simply supported support module (3), and an axial loading module (4). The rigid support (2) is installed on the rigid bottom beam (1), and the simply supported support module (3) and the axial loading module (4) are both arranged on the rigid support (2); The axial loading module (4) includes an axial force loading block (4-2), a limiting pressure plate (4-3), and two axial through rods (4-1). A knife-handle head (4-2-3) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the axial force loading pier (4-2), and several rollers (4-4) are arranged between the axial force loading pier (4-2) and the rigid support (2). The axial force loading block (4-2) has an elongated hole. Several rollers (4-4) are arranged between the limiting pressure plate (4-3) and the axial force loading block (4-2). After the bolt passes through the limiting pressure plate (4-3) and the elongated hole, it is connected to the upper surface of the rigid support (2). An axial through rod (4-1) passes through the axial force loading block (4-2), and the two axial through rods (4-1) are respectively arranged on both sides of the axis of the column component (5) being measured. A first disc spring (4-5-1) and a first limiting nut (4-8-1) are coaxially installed at one end of the axial through rod (4-1). The first disc spring (4-5-1) is arranged between the first limiting nut (4-8-1) and the axial force loading block (4-2). The other end of the axial through rod (4-1) is coaxially equipped with a second disc spring (4-5-2), a force sensor (4-6), a through jack (4-7), and a second limit nut (4-8-2), and the second disc spring (4-5-2) and the knife reamer (4-2-3) are respectively arranged on both sides of the axial force loading block (4-2); The simply supported module (3) includes a simply supported tool hinge seat (3-2), a limiting rod (3-3), and two fixing plates (3-1) mounted on a rigid support (2). One side of the simply supported knife hinge seat (3-2) abuts against the knife hinge head (4-2-3), and the other side of the simply supported knife hinge seat (3-2) is fixedly connected to the end face of the column member (5) being measured; The lower surface of the simply supported knife hinge (3-2) abuts against the upper surface of the rigid support (2), and the simply supported knife hinge (3-2) is arranged between two fixed plates (3-1); The fixing plate (3-1) has an elongated hole, and the limiting rod (3-3) passes through the elongated hole on both fixing plates (3-1).
2. The simply supported constraint device for lateral loading tests of column members capable of applying axial force according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simply supported knife hinge seat (3-2) includes a top steel plate (3-2-1), a knife hinge plate (3-2-2), and a bottom steel plate (3-2-3) arranged in an I-shape. The blade hinge plate (3-2-2) is fixed between the top steel plate (3-2-1) and the bottom steel plate (3-2-3), and one side of the blade hinge plate (3-2-2) has a blade hinge groove that matches the blade hinge head (4-2-3), and the other side of the blade hinge plate (3-2-2) is fixed to the end face of the column component (5) being measured. The lower surface of the bottom steel plate (3-2-3) is an arc surface, and the arc surface abuts against the upper surface of the rigid support (2).
3. A simply supported constraint device for lateral loading tests of column members capable of applying axial force according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top steel plate (3-2-1) and the bottom steel plate (3-2-3) are both welded to the blade hinge plate (3-2-2).
4. A simply supported constraint device for lateral loading tests of column members capable of applying axial force according to claim 3, characterized in that: Both ends of the tested column component (5) are welded with flanges, and the flanges are connected to the blade hinge plate (3-2-2) by bolts.
5. A simply supported constraint device for lateral loading tests of column members capable of applying axial force according to claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal section of the fixing plate (3-1) is L-shaped, and the fixing plate (3-1) is installed on the upper surface of the rigid support (2) by bolts.
6. A simply supported constraint device for lateral loading tests of column members capable of applying axial force according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial mandrel (4-1) is made of Q235 material, and the diameter of the axial mandrel (4-1) is greater than or equal to 40mm.
7. A simply supported constraint device for lateral loading tests of column members capable of applying axial force according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting pressure plate (4-3) is made of Q235 material, and the thickness of the limiting pressure plate (4-3) is greater than or equal to 10mm.
8. A simply supported constraint device for lateral loading tests of column members capable of applying axial force according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roller (4-4) is made of Q235 material, and the diameter of the roller (4-4) is greater than or equal to 5mm.
9. A simply supported constraint device for lateral loading tests of column members capable of applying axial force according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lateral loader (6) is an electro-hydraulic servo actuator.
10. A simply supported constraint device for lateral loading tests of column members capable of applying axial force according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial force loading pier (4-2) is a box-shaped structure welded from several steel plates.