A multi-parameter wind-sand monitoring device and method for a sand collector

Abstract

The application provides a multi-parameter wind-sand monitoring device and method for a sand collector, relates to the technical field of wind-sand observation and environmental monitoring, and the device synchronously measures wind speed data at different heights through a wind speed gradient measurement module, measures the real-time orientation of the sand collector through a wind direction measurement module to obtain wind direction data, detects sand particle impact through a wind-sand event sensing module and outputs an impact electric signal, and finally, according to the impact electric signal, the starting and ending of a wind-sand event are monitored through an intelligent control module, the starting time, the ending time and the duration of the event are recorded, and the wind-sand monitoring result of the wind-sand event is determined based on the wind speed data and the wind direction data obtained in the wind-sand event period, and the wind-sand monitoring result includes the starting time, the ending time, the duration, the dominant wind direction and the average wind speed at each height in the wind-sand event period. The application can automatically and accurately monitor the whole process of wind-sand movement and provide comprehensive and reliable data support for wind-sand research.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wind and sand observation and environmental monitoring technology, and in particular to a multi-parameter wind and sand monitoring device and method for a sand collector. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of aeolian physics and wind erosion research, sand collectors are the core instruments for measuring sand transport flux. The sand data collected by the sand collector needs to be accurately correlated with wind parameters (wind speed and wind direction) to establish a scientific sand transport rate model and provide a reliable basis for sand control projects. This can also be understood as: the use of sand collectors requires matching wind speed and wind direction data, that is, it is necessary to clearly define the average wind speed, wind direction, sand-raising wind speed threshold, and sand-raising duration of the sand collected by the sand collector. However, aeolian movement is significantly affected by local environmental factors such as surface features and vegetation cover, and the wind field varies significantly at different sand collector deployment points. How to achieve in-situ, synchronous monitoring of the sand collection process and wind condition data has become a key challenge in improving the accuracy of aeolian observation.

[0003] To address this issue, the relevant technology involves installing a self-counting anemometer on the top of the sand inlet box of the sand collector, coupling wind speed and direction data with the sand collection process, and attempting to solve the problem of data asynchrony in traditional separate measurements. This solution balances the airflow inside and outside the sand collector through ventilation holes, and also adds a rainwater collection platform to avoid rainwater interference, thereby improving sand collection efficiency and data correlation to a certain extent.

[0004] However, the aforementioned existing technologies still have key drawbacks: they can only acquire wind condition data at a single altitude, which means that the calculation of the sand transport rate still relies on a fixed wind speed threshold or manual determination of the event duration. This makes it impossible to adapt to the actual situation in the field where the wind speed of sand-raising changes dynamically with soil moisture, surface freezing status, vegetation cover, etc., which ultimately affects the scientific nature of the observation data and the accuracy of the sand transport rate calculation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a multi-parameter wind and sand monitoring device and method for a sand collector, which can automatically and accurately monitor the entire process of wind and sand movement, providing comprehensive and reliable data support for wind and sand research.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention adopt the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, a multi-parameter wind and sand monitoring device for a sand collector is provided. The device includes: a wind speed gradient measurement module, a wind direction measurement module, a wind and sand event sensing module, and an intelligent control module. The intelligent control module is electrically connected to the wind speed gradient measurement module, the wind direction measurement module, and the wind and sand event sensing module, respectively. The wind speed gradient measurement module is used to simultaneously measure wind speed data at different heights. The wind speed data includes instantaneous wind speed and average wind speed over a statistical period. The wind speed gradient measurement module includes a Pitot tube body with a shared static pressure chamber. Multiple dynamic pressure holes are formed along the height direction on the Pitot tube body. Each dynamic pressure hole is configured with a miniature differential pressure sensor. The high-pressure end of each miniature differential pressure sensor is connected to the corresponding dynamic pressure hole, and the low-pressure end is... The system is connected to the shared static pressure chamber; the wind direction measurement module is used to measure the real-time orientation of the sand collector to obtain wind direction data; the sandstorm event sensing module is used to detect sand particle impact and output an impact electrical signal, which is a digital trigger signal characterizing the occurrence of sand particle impact; the intelligent control module is used to monitor the start and end of the sandstorm event according to the impact electrical signal, record the start time, end time, wind speed at the time of the event, and calculate the duration and sand-raising wind speed threshold; based on the wind speed and wind direction data obtained during the sandstorm event period, the system determines the sandstorm monitoring results of the sandstorm event, which include the start time, end time, duration, prevailing wind direction, and average wind speed at each height during the sandstorm event period.

[0008] This invention integrates a wind speed gradient measurement module, a wind direction measurement module, a sandstorm event sensing module, and an intelligent control module, achieving unified acquisition of core parameters for sandstorm monitoring. This completely solves the technical problem of spatiotemporal asynchrony between wind speed, wind direction, and sandstorm events in traditional separate measurements. The wind speed gradient measurement module employs an innovative structure with a shared static pressure chamber, multiple dynamic pressure holes, and a micro-differential pressure sensor, enabling simultaneous acquisition of instantaneous and average wind speeds at different altitudes, providing fundamental data for analyzing the vertical distribution characteristics of wind speed. The intelligent control module, based on the impact electrical signals from the sandstorm event sensing module, accurately defines the start and end times of events and calculates the duration and sand-raising wind speed threshold. Combined with the synchronously acquired wind speed and direction data, it generates complete monitoring results, ensuring the temporal and spatial consistency of wind speed, wind direction, and sandstorm event data. This lays a data foundation for accurate calculation of sand transport rates and research on sandstorm movement patterns.

[0009] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the wind direction measurement module includes a radially magnetized disk magnet installed on the rotating part of the sand collector, and a magnetic absolute angle sensor installed on the fixed part of the sand collector, with a gap between the magnet and the magnetic absolute angle sensor; when the sand collector rotates, the magnet rotates synchronously with the rotating part, and the magnetic absolute angle sensor outputs an absolute angle signal of 0-360° by sensing the change in the direction of the magnetic field, and the wind direction data includes the instantaneous orientation angle of the sand collector corresponding to the absolute angle signal, and the dominant wind direction is obtained by vector averaging of all instantaneous orientation angles during the sandstorm event period.

[0010] This invention employs a non-contact structural design, combining a rotating magnet and a fixed magnetic absolute angle sensor, to directly measure the real-time orientation of a sand collector. This avoids measurement deviations caused by sensitivity differences between traditional separate wind direction sensors and the sand collector. The magnet rotates synchronously with the sand collector's rotating section. The sensor outputs a 0-360° absolute angle signal by sensing changes in the magnetic field, accurately converting it into the instantaneous orientation angle of the sand collector. This is then calculated using vector averaging to obtain the prevailing wind direction, ensuring complete synchronization between wind direction data and the actual operating state of the sand collector. This significantly improves the accuracy and correlation of wind direction measurements, providing a reliable basis for analyzing sand transport characteristics under different wind directions.

[0011] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the wind speed gradient measurement module further includes an environmental parameter sensor for calibrating air density. The environmental parameter sensor is a temperature, humidity and pressure sensor, used to collect ambient temperature and pressure data in real time. The intelligent control module is also used to calculate air density based on the ambient temperature and pressure data collected by the temperature, humidity and pressure sensor, and then combine the dynamic pressure and static pressure difference measured by the micro differential pressure sensor to determine the instantaneous wind speed at each altitude and the average wind speed within the statistical period.

[0012] This invention adds temperature, humidity, and air pressure sensors as environmental parameter sensors to the wind speed gradient measurement module. By collecting ambient temperature and air pressure data in real time, it calculates air density, solving the error problem caused by neglecting the influence of air density in traditional wind speed measurements. The intelligent control module combines air density with the dynamic and static pressure differences measured by the micro differential pressure sensor to calculate wind speed, making the instantaneous and average wind speed measurements at various heights more consistent with actual environmental conditions. This significantly improves the accuracy of wind speed data and provides high-precision data support for core functions such as dynamic sand-lifting wind speed determination and the establishment of wind speed-sand transport rate relationships.

[0013] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the sandstorm event sensing module includes a sensing panel, a piezoelectric conversion unit, and a signal conditioning circuit; the sensing panel is used to receive sand particle impacts and transmit mechanical energy, the piezoelectric conversion unit is used to convert the impact mechanical energy into a raw electrical signal, and the signal conditioning circuit includes a charge amplifier, a bandpass filter, and a voltage comparator connected in sequence, used to amplify, filter, and perform threshold comparison processing on the raw electrical signal, and output the digital trigger signal.

[0014] The sandstorm event sensing module of this invention achieves accurate detection and signal conversion of sand particle impact through a combination design of a sensing panel, a piezoelectric conversion unit, and a signal conditioning circuit. The sensing panel efficiently receives the mechanical energy of sand particle impact, the piezoelectric conversion unit converts it into a raw electrical signal, which is then amplified by a charge amplifier, filtered by a bandpass filter, and threshold-processed by a voltage comparator to output a stable digital trigger signal. This effectively filters out environmental interference signals, avoiding false judgments such as wind without sand or sand not being detected, ensuring the accuracy of sandstorm event initiation and termination determination, and providing a reliable trigger basis for the implementation of adaptive data acquisition strategies.

[0015] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the wind and sand monitoring results also include the dynamic sand-raising wind speed at each height during the sand and sand event period, and the intelligent control module is further configured to: when the digital trigger signal is detected for the first time, synchronously record the instantaneous wind speed at each height as the dynamic sand-raising wind speed in the current environment, and determine the dynamic sand-raising wind speed as the sand-raising wind speed threshold.

[0016] This invention, through an intelligent control module, simultaneously records the instantaneous wind speed at various altitudes as the dynamic sand-raising wind speed upon the first detection of a digital trigger signal, overcoming the limitations of traditional methods that rely on fixed thresholds for sand-raising wind speed. The dynamic sand-raising wind speed can respond in real-time to changes in environmental conditions such as soil moisture, vegetation cover, and surface freezing status, automatically updating the actual sand-raising wind speed under the current environment, making sand-raising wind speed measurement more scientific and timely. Incorporating the dynamic sand-raising wind speed into wind and sand monitoring results provides key parameters for accurately analyzing the initiation conditions of wind and sand events and optimizing the sand transport rate calculation model, further enhancing the depth and practicality of wind and sand monitoring.

[0017] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the Pitot tube body is a long strip-shaped sheet structure, and each of the dynamic pressure holes and static pressure holes is covered with an anti-clogging structure, which is a metal sand-proof mesh of 400 mesh or higher or a sintered metal filter element with a micron-sized pore size; the opening height of the dynamic pressure holes includes at least three of the following: 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 50cm, and 100cm, and each of the dynamic pressure holes is connected to the high-pressure end of the corresponding micro differential pressure sensor through an independent pipeline.

[0018] This invention designs the Pitot tube body as a long, thin sheet structure, combined with a 400-mesh or finer metal sand-proof mesh or a micron-sized sintered metal filter element on the outside of the dynamic pressure orifice and static pressure orifice. This effectively prevents sand and dust from clogging the orifices, ensuring the continuity and stability of wind speed measurement in harsh sandstorm environments. The dynamic pressure orifice is opened at least three heights (10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 50cm, and 100cm) and connected to corresponding micro-differential pressure sensors via independent pipelines. This ensures the accuracy of simultaneous wind speed acquisition at multiple heights and adapts to the installation requirements of sand collectors of different sizes, enhancing the device's versatility. The independent pipeline design avoids mutual interference between wind speed signals at different heights, further improving the accuracy of wind speed gradient measurement.

[0019] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the intelligent control module is further configured to: when the sandstorm event does not occur, control the wind speed gradient measurement module and the wind direction measurement module to collect wind speed data and wind direction data at a first preset frequency; and when the sandstorm event occurs, control the wind speed gradient measurement module and the wind direction measurement module to collect wind speed data and wind direction data at a second preset frequency, wherein the second preset frequency is greater than the first preset frequency.

[0020] The intelligent control module of this invention employs an adaptive data acquisition strategy with dual preset frequencies. When no sandstorm event occurs, it acquires basic wind condition data at a low frequency; after an event, it switches to a higher frequency, achieving an optimized balance between data quality and power consumption. The low-frequency acquisition mode effectively reduces energy consumption in standby mode, extending the device's operating time in the field. The high-frequency acquisition mode ensures high-density coverage of wind speed and direction data during sandstorm events, fully capturing the details of parameter changes during the event and avoiding the omission of critical data. The automatic switching between the two modes requires no manual intervention, enhancing the device's intelligence level and its practicality for long-term field monitoring.

[0021] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the device further includes a system support module electrically connected to the intelligent control module. The system support module includes: a power supply unit for providing stable power; a storage unit for locally storing wind speed data, wind direction data, and sandstorm monitoring results; a communication unit for providing data download functionality, remote parameter configuration functionality, and equipment status monitoring functionality; a clock unit for providing timestamps; and a protective structure in which the wind speed gradient measurement module, the wind direction measurement module, the sandstorm event sensing module, and the intelligent control module are all integrated.

[0022] This invention provides comprehensive support for the core monitoring functions through system support modules. The power supply unit ensures the stable operation of each module and meets the power supply requirements for long-term field monitoring. The storage unit enables local storage of wind speed data, wind direction data, and monitoring results, preventing data loss. The communication unit supports data download, remote parameter configuration, and status monitoring, improving the convenience of data acquisition and equipment management. The clock unit provides accurate timestamps to ensure the time correlation of all collected data. The protective structure integrates all core modules into one unit, effectively resisting the erosion of harsh environments such as wind, sand, high and low temperatures, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the device under complex field conditions, and significantly improving the environmental adaptability and reliability of the device.

[0023] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the intelligent control module is further configured to: establish a wind speed-sand transport rate relationship model based on wind speed data, dynamic sand-lifting wind speed and wind direction data collected at various heights during the sandstorm event period, and update the dynamic sand-lifting wind speed threshold at each height layer in real time.

[0024] The expression for the wind speed-sand transport rate relationship model is as follows:

[0025] Q = k × (V - V0) n ;

[0026] Where Q is the sand transport rate, k is the proportionality coefficient, V is the average wind speed at each height, V0 is the dynamic sand-lifting wind speed threshold at the corresponding height, and n is the empirical index.

[0027] The intelligent control module of this invention establishes a wind speed-sand transport rate relationship model based on wind speed data at various heights, dynamic sand-lifting wind speed, and wind direction data during sandstorm events. It also updates the dynamic sand-lifting wind speed threshold in real time, achieving dynamic optimization of sand transport rate calculation. By directly linking measured data with the sand transport rate through the model expression, it avoids the problem of traditional empirical formulas being out of touch with the actual environment. The real-time updating of the dynamic sand-lifting wind speed threshold at each height level ensures that the model always adapts to the current environmental conditions, significantly improving the accuracy of sand transport rate calculation. This function can automatically complete model establishment and updating without manual intervention, providing a quantitative analysis tool for the study of sandstorm movement patterns and further expanding the scientific research application value of the device.

[0028] Secondly, the present invention provides a multi-parameter wind and sand monitoring method for a sand collector, applied to the multi-parameter wind and sand monitoring device for a sand collector described in any of the first aspects above. The method includes: a wind speed gradient measurement module and a wind direction measurement module collecting basic wind speed data and basic wind direction data at a first preset frequency; and a wind and sand event sensing module monitoring sand particle impact in real time. When the intelligent control module first detects the digital trigger signal output by the wind and sand event sensing module, it determines the start of a wind and sand event, records the start timestamp, synchronously reads the instantaneous wind speed at each height as the dynamic sand-raising wind speed, and controls each measurement module. The system switches to a second preset frequency to continuously collect data, where the second preset frequency is greater than the first preset frequency. When the intelligent control module detects that the digital trigger signal has been continuously disappearing for a preset duration, it determines that the sandstorm event has ended, records the termination timestamp, and calculates the duration of the event. Based on the wind speed and wind direction data collected during the sandstorm event period, the intelligent control module calculates the average wind speed and prevailing wind direction at each height and generates sandstorm monitoring results. The sandstorm monitoring results include the event start time, end time, duration, prevailing wind direction, and the average wind speed and dynamic sand-raising wind speed at each height during the sandstorm event period.

[0029] Understandably, the beneficial effects that the second aspect of the method described above can achieve can be referenced from the beneficial effects of the first aspect and any of its possible design methods, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wind and sand monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sandstorm event sensing module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a signal conditioning circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a multi-parameter wind and sand monitoring method for a sand collector provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, " / " indicates that the objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. For example, A / B can represent A or B. The "or" in the present invention is merely a description of the relationship between the related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" refers to two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items.

[0035] Furthermore, to facilitate a clear description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used in the embodiments of the present invention to distinguish identical or similar items with essentially the same function and effect. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity or execution order, and that the terms "first" and "second" are not necessarily different.

[0036] In this embodiment of the invention, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in this embodiment of the invention should not be construed as superior or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner for ease of understanding.

[0037] In the field of aeolian physics and wind erosion research, sand collectors are the core instruments for measuring sand transport flux. The sand data collected by the sand collector needs to be accurately correlated with wind parameters (wind speed and wind direction) to establish a scientific sand transport rate model and provide a reliable basis for sand control projects. This can also be understood as: the use of sand collectors requires matching wind speed and wind direction data, that is, it is necessary to clearly define the average wind speed, wind direction, sand-raising wind speed threshold, and sand-raising duration of the sand collected by the sand collector. However, aeolian movement is significantly affected by local environmental factors such as surface features and vegetation cover, and the wind field varies significantly at different sand collector deployment points. How to achieve in-situ, synchronous monitoring of the sand collection process and wind condition data has become a key challenge in improving the accuracy of aeolian observation.

[0038] To address this issue, the relevant technology involves installing a self-counting anemometer on the top of the sand inlet box of the sand collector, coupling wind speed and direction data with the sand collection process, and attempting to solve the problem of data asynchrony in traditional separate measurements. This solution balances the airflow inside and outside the sand collector through ventilation holes, and also adds a rainwater collection platform to avoid rainwater interference, thereby improving sand collection efficiency and data correlation to a certain extent.

[0039] However, the aforementioned existing technologies still have key drawbacks: they can only acquire wind condition data at a single altitude, which means that the calculation of the sand transport rate still relies on a fixed wind speed threshold or manual determination of the event duration. This makes it impossible to adapt to the actual situation in the field where the wind speed of sand-raising changes dynamically with soil moisture, surface freezing status, vegetation cover, etc., which ultimately affects the scientific nature of the observation data and the accuracy of the sand transport rate calculation.

[0040] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a multi-parameter wind and sand monitoring device and method for a sand collector. The device includes: a wind speed gradient measurement module, a wind direction measurement module, a wind and sand event sensing module, and an intelligent control module. The intelligent control module is electrically connected to the wind speed gradient measurement module, the wind direction measurement module, and the wind and sand event sensing module. The wind speed gradient measurement module is used to simultaneously measure wind speed data at different heights. The wind speed data includes instantaneous wind speed and average wind speed over a statistical period. The wind speed gradient measurement module includes a Pitot tube body with a shared static pressure chamber. The Pitot tube body has multiple dynamic pressure holes along the height direction. Each dynamic pressure hole is configured with a miniature differential pressure sensor. The high-pressure end of each miniature differential pressure sensor is connected to the corresponding dynamic pressure hole. The low-pressure end is connected to the common static pressure chamber; the wind direction measurement module is used to measure the real-time orientation of the sand collector to obtain wind direction data; the sandstorm event sensing module is used to detect sand particle impact and output an impact electrical signal, which is a digital trigger signal characterizing the occurrence of sand particle impact; the intelligent control module is used to monitor the start and end of the sandstorm event according to the impact electrical signal, record the start time, end time, wind speed at the time of the event, and calculate the duration and sand-raising wind speed threshold; based on the wind speed data and wind direction data obtained during the sandstorm event period, the sandstorm monitoring results of the sandstorm event are determined, including the start time, end time, duration, prevailing wind direction, and average wind speed at each height during the sandstorm event period.

[0041] This invention integrates a wind speed gradient measurement module, a wind direction measurement module, a sandstorm event sensing module, and an intelligent control module, achieving unified acquisition of core parameters for sandstorm monitoring. This completely solves the technical problem of spatiotemporal asynchrony between wind speed, wind direction, and sandstorm events in traditional separate measurements. The wind speed gradient measurement module employs an innovative structure with a shared static pressure chamber, multiple dynamic pressure holes, and a micro-differential pressure sensor, enabling simultaneous acquisition of instantaneous and average wind speeds at different altitudes, providing fundamental data for analyzing the vertical distribution characteristics of wind speed. The intelligent control module, based on the impact electrical signals from the sandstorm event sensing module, accurately defines the start and end times of events and calculates the duration and sand-raising wind speed threshold. Combined with the synchronously acquired wind speed and direction data, it generates complete monitoring results, ensuring the temporal and spatial consistency of wind speed, wind direction, and sandstorm event data. This lays a data foundation for accurate calculation of sand transport rates and research on sandstorm movement patterns.

[0042] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-parameter wind and sand monitoring device (hereinafter referred to as wind and sand monitoring device 100) for use with a sand collector, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The wind and sand monitoring device 100 includes: a wind speed gradient measurement module 110, a wind direction measurement module 120, a wind and sand event sensing module 130, and an intelligent control module 140. The intelligent control module 140 is electrically connected to the wind speed gradient measurement module 110, the wind direction measurement module 120, and the wind and sand event sensing module 130, respectively.

[0043] The wind speed gradient measurement module 110 is used to simultaneously measure wind speed data at different heights. The wind speed data includes instantaneous wind speed and average wind speed within a statistical period. The wind speed gradient measurement module includes a Pitot tube body with a shared static pressure chamber. The Pitot tube body has multiple dynamic pressure holes along the height direction. Each dynamic pressure hole is configured with a miniature differential pressure sensor. The high-pressure end of each miniature differential pressure sensor is connected to the corresponding dynamic pressure hole, and the low-pressure end is connected to the shared static pressure chamber.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the Pitot tube body is a long, thin sheet structure, and each of the dynamic pressure holes and static pressure holes is covered with an anti-clogging structure, which is a metal sand-proof mesh of 400 mesh or higher or a sintered metal filter element with a micron-sized pore size; the opening height of the dynamic pressure holes includes at least three of the following: 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 50cm, and 100cm, and each of the dynamic pressure holes is connected to the high-pressure end of the corresponding micro differential pressure sensor through an independent pipeline.

[0045] For example, the pitot tube body is a long, thin strip structure, 1.2 meters long and 8 mm thick, with a shared static pressure chamber machined inside. Dynamic pressure holes are provided at five heights: 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, and 100 cm above the ground, while static pressure holes are provided on different sides at the same height. Five miniature differential pressure sensors, Sensirion SDP816-500Pa, are mounted on a sensor plate at the bottom of the main housing. Each dynamic pressure hole is connected to the high-pressure end of the corresponding sensor via an independent polyurethane hose, and the low-pressure ends of all sensors are connected to the static pressure chamber through a common gas collection chamber. The dynamic and static pressure holes are covered with a 400-mesh stainless steel sandproof mesh. An ambient temperature and humidity sensor, BME280, is installed in a ventilated area inside the main housing.

[0046] Furthermore, dynamic pressure holes and static pressure holes are opened at eight heights of 5cm, 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 50cm, 100cm, 150cm and 200cm above the ground, and different miniature differential pressure sensors are installed to cover a more complete wind speed profile.

[0047] This invention designs the Pitot tube body as a long, thin sheet structure, combined with a 400-mesh or finer metal sand-proof mesh or a micron-sized sintered metal filter element on the outside of the dynamic pressure orifice and static pressure orifice. This effectively prevents sand and dust from clogging the orifices, ensuring the continuity and stability of wind speed measurement in harsh sandstorm environments. The dynamic pressure orifice is opened at least three heights (10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 50cm, and 100cm) and connected to corresponding micro-differential pressure sensors via independent pipelines. This ensures the accuracy of simultaneous wind speed acquisition at multiple heights and adapts to the installation requirements of sand collectors of different sizes, enhancing the device's versatility. The independent pipeline design avoids mutual interference between wind speed signals at different heights, further improving the accuracy of wind speed gradient measurement.

[0048] Specifically, the wind direction measurement module 120 is used to measure the real-time orientation of the sand collector to obtain wind direction data;

[0049] In one possible implementation, the wind direction measurement module 120 includes a radially magnetized disk magnet installed on the rotating part of the sand collector, and a magnetic absolute angle sensor installed on the fixed part of the sand collector, with a gap between the magnet and the magnetic absolute angle sensor; when the sand collector rotates, the magnet rotates synchronously with the rotating part, and the magnetic absolute angle sensor outputs an absolute angle signal of 0-360° by sensing the change in the direction of the magnetic field, and the wind direction data includes the instantaneous orientation angle of the sand collector corresponding to the absolute angle signal, and the dominant wind direction is obtained by vector averaging of all instantaneous orientation angles during the sandstorm event period.

[0050] For example, a neodymium iron boron magnet is mounted on the top of the rotating spindle of the sand collector, and an AS5600 magnetic absolute angle sensor is mounted on the upper part of the main housing, maintaining a 2mm radial gap with the magnet. The sensor directly outputs an absolute angle of 0-360°, corresponding to the orientation of the sand collector inlet.

[0051] It should be noted that existing technologies attempt to solve the asynchrony problem by installing a self-counting anemometer on top of the sand inlet box of the sand collector, thus coupling wind speed and direction data with sand and dust data. However, this technology has a core design flaw: the anemometer is mounted entirely on the rotatable sand inlet box, which violates the core working logic of a fixed reference and a rotating wind vane. Its fixed part rotates synchronously with the sand inlet box, losing its directional reference, which makes the wind vane unable to accurately indicate the true wind direction. Even if the installation position is correct, there is a difference in the rotation sensitivity between the wind vane of the independent anemometer and the sand collector itself. This can easily cause an angular deviation between the wind direction measurement result and the actual orientation of the sand inlet of the sand collector, ultimately leading to a disconnect between the sand and dust data and the wind direction data, affecting the accuracy of the observation.

[0052] The wind direction measurement module 120 provided in this application adopts a non-contact structure, with a radially magnetized disc magnet installed on the rotating part of the sand collector, and a magnetic absolute angle sensor fixed to the fixed part of the sand collector. By sensing changes in the direction of the magnetic field, it outputs an absolute angle signal of 0-360°, directly measuring the real-time orientation of the sand collector rather than simply the wind direction. This design fundamentally avoids the installation logic contradictions and sensitivity mismatch problems of existing technologies. Regardless of the rotational sensitivity of the sand collector, the measured instantaneous orientation angle is completely consistent with the actual aligned direction of the sand inlet, ensuring accurate synchronization between the collected sand data and the corresponding direction data.

[0053] In summary, this invention utilizes a non-contact structural design with a rotating magnet and a fixed magnetic absolute angle sensor to directly measure the real-time orientation of the sand collector, avoiding measurement deviations caused by sensitivity differences between traditional separate wind direction sensors and the sand collector. The magnet rotates synchronously with the sand collector's rotating section, and the sensor outputs a 0-360° absolute angle signal by sensing changes in the magnetic field. This signal is accurately converted into the instantaneous orientation angle of the sand collector, and then vector averaging is used to calculate the prevailing wind direction. This ensures complete synchronization between wind direction data and the actual operating state of the sand collector, significantly improving the accuracy and correlation of wind direction measurements and providing a reliable basis for analyzing sand transport characteristics under different wind directions.

[0054] In traditional wind and sand monitoring, the difference in rotational sensitivity between the sand collector and the independent wind direction sensor often leads to a missynchronization between the wind direction measurement and the actual working state of the sand collector, resulting in directional measurement deviations and affecting the accuracy of sand transport characteristic analysis. To solve this technical problem, this invention achieves precise sensitivity matching through the structural design of the wind direction measurement module. The specific solution is as follows:

[0055] In some embodiments, the wind direction measurement module of the present invention adopts a design logic of integrated rotating parts and direct measurement. A magnet is installed on the rotating main shaft of the sand collector, and a magnetic absolute angle sensor is fixed to the stationary part of the sand collector, forming a non-contact detection structure. When airflow in a sandstorm environment drives the sand collector to rotate and adjust its orientation, the magnet rotates synchronously with the rotating main shaft. The sensor senses the change in magnetic field direction in real time and outputs an absolute angle signal, directly corresponding to the actual orientation of the sand collector.

[0056] In this way, wind direction measurement and the physical movement of the sand collector are completely linked, eliminating the need to rely on the response characteristics of an independent wind direction sensor. Regardless of the sand collector's own rotational sensitivity, the measurement data always reflects its actual alignment direction, completely avoiding the asynchrony problem caused by instrument sensitivity mismatch in traditional separate measurements. This fundamentally eliminates direction measurement errors, ensuring the correlation and accuracy between wind direction data and the sand collection process, and providing reliable data support for the study of sand transport patterns under different wind directions.

[0057] Furthermore, the sandstorm event sensing module 130 is used to detect sand particle impact and output an impact electrical signal, wherein the impact electrical signal is a digital trigger signal characterizing the occurrence of sand particle impact.

[0058] In one possible implementation, see Figure 2 The sandstorm event sensing module 130 includes a sensing panel 131, a piezoelectric conversion unit 132, and a signal conditioning circuit 133; the sensing panel is used to receive sand particle impacts and transmit mechanical energy, and the piezoelectric conversion unit is used to convert the impact mechanical energy into a raw electrical signal. (See also...) Figure 3 The signal conditioning circuit 133 includes a charge amplifier 1331, a bandpass filter 1332 and a voltage comparator 1333 connected in sequence, which are used to amplify, filter and threshold compare the original electrical signal and output the digital trigger signal.

[0059] For example, the sensing panel is a 60mm diameter stainless steel circular plate, mounted on the module housing via rubber vibration isolation rings. A piezoelectric ceramic sheet is attached to the back of the panel. The signal conditioning circuit includes: a charge amplifier (OPA344) with a 100pF feedback capacitor; a bandpass filter with a passband frequency of 100Hz-10kHz, filtering out high and low frequency interference; and a voltage comparator with an adjustable threshold, outputting a digital signal to the control unit.

[0060] The sandstorm event sensing module of this invention achieves accurate detection and signal conversion of sand particle impact through a combination design of a sensing panel, a piezoelectric conversion unit, and a signal conditioning circuit. The sensing panel efficiently receives the mechanical energy of sand particle impact, the piezoelectric conversion unit converts it into a raw electrical signal, which is then amplified by a charge amplifier, filtered by a bandpass filter, and threshold-processed by a voltage comparator to output a stable digital trigger signal. This effectively filters out environmental interference signals, avoiding false judgments such as wind without sand or sand not being detected, ensuring the accuracy of sandstorm event initiation and termination determination, and providing a reliable trigger basis for the implementation of adaptive data acquisition strategies.

[0061] The intelligent control module 140 is used to monitor the start and end of the sandstorm event based on the impact electrical signal, record the start time, end time, wind speed at the time of the event, and calculate the duration and sand-raising wind speed threshold; based on the wind speed and wind direction data obtained during the sandstorm event period, determine the sandstorm monitoring results of the sandstorm event, the sandstorm monitoring results including the start time, end time, duration, prevailing wind direction, and average wind speed at each height during the sandstorm event period.

[0062] Specifically, the intelligent control module 140 uses an STM32F103 microcontroller and is responsible for data acquisition, processing, and coordinated control of the three main modules. Its internal program executes an adaptive data acquisition strategy based on sandstorm events.

[0063] Furthermore, the specific workflow of the intelligent control module 140 is as follows:

[0064] Standby mode: When there is no sandstorm, basic wind condition data is collected at a frequency of 0.2Hz, and the system power consumption is less than 5mA;

[0065] Event detection: Continuously monitor the digital output of the sandstorm event module and trigger immediately when a rising edge is detected;

[0066] High-frequency acquisition: After the event is triggered, switch to 10Hz frequency to synchronously acquire data from all sensors;

[0067] Event determination: The event ends under two conditions: the impact signal disappears and the duration exceeds 5 minutes;

[0068] Data processing: After the event ends, the duration, average wind speed at each level, and vector average wind direction are automatically calculated;

[0069] Data storage: Package the event summary data and raw data and store them on the SD card.

[0070] As described above, this invention integrates a wind speed gradient measurement module, a wind direction measurement module, a sandstorm event sensing module, and an intelligent control module, achieving integrated acquisition of core parameters for sandstorm monitoring. This completely solves the technical problem of spatiotemporal asynchrony between wind speed, wind direction, and sandstorm events in traditional separate measurements. The wind speed gradient measurement module employs an innovative structure with a shared static pressure chamber, multiple dynamic pressure holes, and a micro-differential pressure sensor, enabling simultaneous acquisition of instantaneous and average wind speeds at different altitudes, providing fundamental data for analyzing the vertical distribution characteristics of wind speed. The intelligent control module, based on the impact electrical signal from the sandstorm event sensing module, accurately defines the start and end times of events and calculates the duration and sand-raising wind speed threshold. Combined with the synchronously acquired wind speed and direction data, it generates complete monitoring results, ensuring the consistency of wind speed, wind direction, and sandstorm event data in time and space. This lays a data foundation for accurate calculation of sand transport rate and research on sandstorm movement patterns.

[0071] This can also be understood as follows: The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0072] 1. Comprehensive Parameter Acquisition: For the first time, it simultaneously acquires vertical wind speed profiles, wind direction, and sandstorm event information on a single device, providing complete sandstorm process data. 2. Precise Event Identification: Sandstorm events are identified based on direct evidence of sand particle impact, overcoming the limitations of traditional wind speed threshold methods. 3. Intelligent Adaptive Acquisition: The acquisition frequency is automatically adjusted according to the intensity of sandstorm activity, optimizing data quality and power consumption. 4. High Environmental Adaptability: Comprehensive dustproof, sealed, and wide-temperature design ensures long-term stable operation in harsh environments. 5. Flexible Communication Solutions: Multiple data transmission methods meet the needs of different application scenarios. 6. Solving the Problem of Spatiotemporal Asynchrony: Through integrated design, it completely eliminates spatial errors and temporal asynchrony problems caused by traditional separate measurements, ensuring complete consistency of wind speed, wind direction, and sand particle movement data in time and space. 7. Dynamic Measurement of Sandstorm Wind Speed: It can record the instantaneous wind speed when sand particles begin to move in real time, achieving dynamic updates of sandstorm wind speed, overcoming the unscientific nature of traditional fixed threshold methods, and significantly improving the accuracy of sand transport rate calculation. 8. Ensures consistent direction measurement: By directly measuring the rotation direction of the sand collector, the direction measurement deviation caused by the sensitivity difference between the sand collector and the wind direction sensor in traditional methods is avoided. 9. Reduces costs and improves efficiency: A single device can complete the measurement functions that traditionally require multiple devices, significantly reducing system costs and maintenance complexity, and improving observation efficiency.

[0073] In some embodiments, the wind speed gradient measurement module 110 further includes an environmental parameter sensor for calibrating air density. The environmental parameter sensor is a temperature, humidity and pressure sensor for real-time acquisition of ambient temperature and pressure data. The intelligent control module 140 is also used to calculate air density based on the ambient temperature and pressure data acquired by the temperature, humidity and pressure sensor, and then combine the dynamic pressure and static pressure difference measured by the micro differential pressure sensor to determine the instantaneous wind speed at each altitude and the average wind speed within the statistical period.

[0074] This invention adds temperature, humidity, and air pressure sensors as environmental parameter sensors to the wind speed gradient measurement module. By collecting ambient temperature and air pressure data in real time, it calculates air density, solving the error problem caused by neglecting the influence of air density in traditional wind speed measurements. The intelligent control module combines air density with the dynamic and static pressure differences measured by the micro differential pressure sensor to calculate wind speed, making the instantaneous and average wind speed measurements at various heights more consistent with actual environmental conditions. This significantly improves the accuracy of wind speed data and provides high-precision data support for core functions such as dynamic sand-lifting wind speed determination and the establishment of wind speed-sand transport rate relationships.

[0075] In some embodiments, the wind and sand monitoring results also include the dynamic sand-raising wind speed at each height during the sand and sand event period. The intelligent control module 140 is further configured to: when the digital trigger signal is detected for the first time, synchronously record the instantaneous wind speed at each height as the dynamic sand-raising wind speed in the current environment, and determine the dynamic sand-raising wind speed as the sand-raising wind speed threshold.

[0076] Specifically, the firmware of the intelligent control module 140 integrates a dedicated sand-raising wind speed recognition algorithm. Its working logic is as follows: First, it continuously monitors the digital trigger signal output by the sandstorm event sensing module; when it detects a signal transition from a non-impact state to an impact state (i.e., the rising edge of the digital signal from 0 to 1), it immediately records the instantaneous wind speed at each height collected by the wind speed gradient measurement module. This wind speed value is the actual sand-raising wind speed under the current environmental conditions; if a sand particle impact interruption is followed by a re-triggering in the same sandstorm event, the algorithm will record a new sand-raising wind speed value again; at the same time, the intelligent control module will establish a historical sand-raising wind speed database, automatically storing sand-raising wind speed data for different time periods, so as to analyze its variation patterns with time, season, and environmental conditions such as soil moisture, vegetation cover, and surface freezing status.

[0077] This dynamic measurement method is well adapted to the dynamic variation characteristics of sand-raising wind speed in the field environment. Compared with the threshold method used after traditional wind tunnel measurement, it can better reflect the sand-raising initiation law under actual working conditions, significantly improve the scientificity and accuracy of sand-raising wind speed measurement, and provide key data support for the optimization of the sand transport rate calculation model.

[0078] This invention, through an intelligent control module, simultaneously records the instantaneous wind speed at various altitudes as the dynamic sand-raising wind speed upon the first detection of a digital trigger signal, overcoming the limitations of traditional methods that rely on fixed thresholds for sand-raising wind speed. The dynamic sand-raising wind speed can respond in real-time to changes in environmental conditions such as soil moisture, vegetation cover, and surface freezing status, automatically updating the actual sand-raising wind speed under the current environment, making sand-raising wind speed measurement more scientific and timely. Incorporating the dynamic sand-raising wind speed into wind and sand monitoring results provides key parameters for accurately analyzing the initiation conditions of wind and sand events and optimizing the sand transport rate calculation model, further enhancing the depth and practicality of wind and sand monitoring.

[0079] In one possible implementation, the intelligent control module is further configured to: when the sandstorm event does not occur, control the wind speed gradient measurement module and the wind direction measurement module to collect wind speed data and wind direction data at a first preset frequency; and when the sandstorm event occurs, control the wind speed gradient measurement module and the wind direction measurement module to collect wind speed data and wind direction data at a second preset frequency, wherein the second preset frequency is greater than the first preset frequency.

[0080] Specifically, the first preset frequency is 0.2Hz and the second preset frequency is 10Hz.

[0081] In another possible implementation, the intelligent control module is also used to: classify sandstorm events into three levels—light, moderate, and heavy—based on the impact intensity; adopt different acquisition frequencies (1Hz, 10Hz, 20Hz) according to different levels; support pre-triggered recording before and after the event, and save data for 30 seconds before the event occurs.

[0082] The intelligent control module of this invention employs an adaptive data acquisition strategy with dual preset frequencies. When no sandstorm event occurs, it acquires basic wind condition data at a low frequency; after an event, it switches to a higher frequency, achieving an optimized balance between data quality and power consumption. The low-frequency acquisition mode effectively reduces energy consumption in standby mode, extending the device's operating time in the field. The high-frequency acquisition mode ensures high-density coverage of wind speed and direction data during sandstorm events, fully capturing the details of parameter changes during the event and avoiding the omission of critical data. The automatic switching between the two modes requires no manual intervention, enhancing the device's intelligence level and its practicality for long-term field monitoring.

[0083] In some embodiments, the device further includes a system support module 150, which is electrically connected to the intelligent control module 140. The system support module 150 includes: a power supply unit for providing stable power supply; a storage unit for locally storing wind speed data, wind direction data, and sandstorm monitoring results; a communication unit for providing data download function, remote parameter configuration function, and equipment status monitoring function; a clock unit for providing timestamps; and a protective structure in which the wind speed gradient measurement module, the wind direction measurement module, the sandstorm event sensing module, and the intelligent control module are all integrated.

[0084] In one example, the power supply unit is a 10000mAh lithium-ion battery pack equipped with charge and discharge management circuitry; the storage unit is a 32GB MicroSD card; the communication unit is an HC-08 Bluetooth module and a USB interface; the clock unit is a DS3231 high-precision RTC; and the protection structure is an IP67-rated protective shell with an operating temperature of -40℃ to +70℃.

[0085] Furthermore, the power supply unit can be equipped with a flexible amorphous silicon solar panel, 20cm x 30cm in area, attached to the top plane of the sand collector, with a peak power of 5W. MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) charging technology is used to improve charging efficiency. The communication unit includes an NB-IoT mobile communication module using a SIM7020C chip, supporting 4G CAT-M1 networks.

[0086] Based on the above example, the power management strategy of the sandstorm monitoring device is as follows: daily data is downloaded locally via Bluetooth and USB; the NB-IoT module is off by default and wakes up twice a day (08:00 and 20:00); after waking up, it first checks the sandstorm event flag, and if a major event is detected, it immediately uploads summary data; Huffman compression is performed on the data before transmission to reduce bandwidth consumption; each transmission time is controlled within 60 seconds, and the device immediately enters deep sleep mode upon completion. Data reporting content includes: device status, battery level, and sandstorm monitoring results of the most recent sandstorm event.

[0087] This invention provides comprehensive support for the core monitoring functions through system support modules. The power supply unit ensures the stable operation of each module and meets the power supply requirements for long-term field monitoring. The storage unit enables local storage of wind speed data, wind direction data, and monitoring results, preventing data loss. The communication unit supports data download, remote parameter configuration, and status monitoring, improving the convenience of data acquisition and equipment management. The clock unit provides accurate timestamps to ensure the time correlation of all collected data. The protective structure integrates all core modules into one unit, effectively resisting the erosion of harsh environments such as wind, sand, high and low temperatures, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the device under complex field conditions, and significantly improving the environmental adaptability and reliability of the device.

[0088] In other embodiments, the intelligent control module 140 is also used to: establish a wind speed-sand transport rate relationship model based on wind speed data, dynamic sand-lifting wind speed and wind direction data collected at various heights during the sandstorm event period, and update the dynamic sand-lifting wind speed threshold at each height layer in real time.

[0089] The expression for the wind speed-sand transport rate relationship model is as follows:

[0090] Q = k × (V - V0) n ;

[0091] Where Q is the sand transport rate, k is the proportionality coefficient, V is the average wind speed at each height, V0 is the dynamic sand-lifting wind speed threshold at the corresponding height, and n is the empirical index.

[0092] The intelligent control module of this invention establishes a wind speed-sand transport rate relationship model based on wind speed data at various heights, dynamic sand-lifting wind speed, and wind direction data during sandstorm events. It also updates the dynamic sand-lifting wind speed threshold in real time, achieving dynamic optimization of sand transport rate calculation. By directly linking measured data with the sand transport rate through the model expression, it avoids the problem of traditional empirical formulas being out of touch with the actual environment. The real-time updating of the dynamic sand-lifting wind speed threshold at each height level ensures that the model always adapts to the current environmental conditions, significantly improving the accuracy of sand transport rate calculation. This function can automatically complete model establishment and updating without manual intervention, providing a quantitative analysis tool for the study of sandstorm movement patterns and further expanding the scientific research application value of the device.

[0093] In another embodiment, the intelligent control module 140 is further configured to: extract and weigh the sand sample collected by the sand collector within the corresponding time period according to the specific start and end timestamps corresponding to each sandstorm event; and associate the sand sample mass M with data such as the event duration T and the average wind speed at each height recorded by the device.

[0094] The sediment transport rate is calculated using the formula Q=M / (A×T), where A is the area of ​​the sediment inlet of the sediment collector. Combined with recorded wind direction data, the sediment transport characteristics under different wind directions are analyzed.

[0095] To facilitate understanding of this solution, the following example further illustrates the installation and calibration process of the wind and sand monitoring device provided by this invention. For instance, firstly, the main housing of the device is fixed to the sand collector's fixing part, ensuring the Pitot tube is vertical; the magnet is installed on the sand collector's rotating shaft, and the angle sensor position is adjusted to the optimal position; the wind and sand event sensing module is installed 30cm to the side of the sand collector's inlet; after powering on, initial settings are performed via Bluetooth connection to a mobile app: setting the geographical location and time parameters; calibrating the angle sensor zero point (aligning the sand collector's inlet with due north, setting it to 0°); setting the event end judgment duration (default 300 seconds); starting the automatic calibration process; after the system runs for one week, downloading data to analyze the measurement results, and fine-tuning parameters if necessary.

[0096] In some embodiments, the intelligent control module 140 is further configured to calculate the frictional wind speed u* and the roughness length z0 in real time; wherein, the intelligent control module 140 takes wind speed values ​​at different heights and uses the logarithmic profile method to calculate the wind speed profile, frictional velocity and roughness of each test site.

[0097] In one possible implementation, the wind and sand monitoring device 100 can be applied in wind tunnel experiments to accurately measure the rotational sensitivity and starting wind speed of the sand collector. This application does not require changes to the device's hardware structure; the sand collector's performance testing function can be achieved solely through specific testing methods and control logic. The testing system configuration requires the wind and sand monitoring device 100 to be installed on the sand collector to be tested, with the entire system placed in the wind tunnel experimental section. The Pitot tube body of the wind speed gradient measurement module is installed parallel to the wind tunnel's incoming flow direction. The magnet of the wind direction measurement module is installed on the rotating part of the sand collector, the magnetic angle sensor is installed on a fixed base, and the sensing panel of the wind and sand event sensing module is installed near the sand collector's inlet. The entire testing system is synchronized with the wind tunnel data acquisition system.

[0098] The purpose of the rotation sensitivity test is to determine the time required for the sand collector's wind vane to recover from different initial deflection angles to be parallel to the incoming flow direction. During the test, the wind tunnel speed is first set to 8 m / s and kept stable. The sand collector is manually deflected to an initial angle of 45°. Simultaneously with the release of the sand collector, the test program is triggered. The control unit records millisecond-level precision timestamps, real-time wind direction angles, and wind speed data at a frequency of 100 Hz. Alignment is considered complete when the angle change rate is less than 0.5° / s and the deviation from the stable wind direction is less than ±2°. The time from release to... After determining the response time, the test was repeated at different initial deflection angles such as 30°, 60°, and 90°. One test result showed that the sand collector started from a 45° deflection angle, with a rapid response phase of 0-1.5s and an angular velocity of 25° / s. The adjustment phase was from 1.5 to 3.2s, during which the angular velocity gradually decreased and reached stability at 3.2s. The total response time was 3.2 seconds. The average response times at each deflection angle were 30° (2.1s), 45° (3.2s), 60° (4.8s), and 90° (6.5s).

[0099] The purpose of the start-up wind speed test is to determine the minimum wind speed required for the sand collector to start rotating and tracking the wind direction. During the test, the initial position of the sand collector is set to be perpendicular to the wind tunnel axis (90° deflection angle). Starting from 2 m / s, the wind speed is gradually increased in increments of 0.5 m / s, and each wind speed level is maintained for 3 minutes. The control unit monitors the changes in wind speed, angle, and time series data. When the sand collector starts to rotate continuously from the initial position and achieves alignment within 30 seconds (deviation <5°), the minimum wind speed that meets the conditions is recorded as the start-up wind speed. The test results show that the sand collector does not rotate at 2.0-3.0 m / s, starts to oscillate slightly at 3.5 m / s with a maximum deflection angle of 85°, and rotates continuously at 4.0 m / s and aligns with the wind direction within 25 seconds. The start-up wind speed is determined to be 4.0 m / s.

[0100] Based on test data, the control unit can automatically generate a performance report. Rotation sensitivity evaluation includes response time level (A-level <5s, B-level 5-10s, C-level >10s), angle overshoot (<10% is excellent, 10-20% is good, >20% requires improvement), and the angle fluctuation range after stabilization. Start-up wind speed evaluation includes start-up wind speed level (excellent <3m / s, good 3-5m / s, poor >5m / s), rotation smoothness (whether there is jamming during rotation), and wind direction tracking error after stabilization. This testing method provides a standardized scheme for evaluating sand collector performance. It can be used for factory inspection by manufacturers, R&D optimization of sand collector structure improvements, user selection guidance, and periodic monitoring of sand collector performance degradation. This demonstrates the extended value of the device in sand collector performance testing and provides technical support for quality assurance of wind and sand observation instruments.

[0101] In some embodiments, see Figure 4This invention also provides a multi-parameter wind and sand monitoring method for a sand collector, applied to the wind and sand monitoring device 100 described in any of the above claims, the method comprising:

[0102] S1, the wind speed gradient measurement module and the wind direction measurement module collect basic wind speed data and basic wind direction data at the first preset frequency, and the sandstorm event perception module monitors sand particle impact in real time.

[0103] S2. When the intelligent control module detects the digital trigger signal output by the sandstorm event sensing module for the first time, it determines that the sandstorm event has started, records the start timestamp, synchronously reads the instantaneous wind speed at each height as the dynamic sand-raising wind speed, and controls each measurement module to switch to the second preset frequency to continuously collect data.

[0104] Among them, the second preset frequency is greater than the first preset frequency;

[0105] S3. When the intelligent control module detects that the digital trigger signal has been continuously disappearing for a preset duration, it determines that the sandstorm event has ended, records the termination timestamp, and calculates the duration of the event.

[0106] S4, the intelligent control module calculates the average wind speed and prevailing wind direction at each altitude based on the wind speed and wind direction data collected during the sandstorm event period, and generates sandstorm monitoring results.

[0107] The wind and sand monitoring results include the start time, end time, duration, prevailing wind direction, and average wind speed and dynamic sand-raising wind speed at various heights during the wind and sand event period.

[0108] It should be understood that a detailed description of the above methods can be found in the foregoing device embodiments, and will not be repeated here. Furthermore, explanations of any of the methods provided above and descriptions of their beneficial effects can be found in the corresponding device embodiments described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0109] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-parameter wind-sand monitoring device for a sand trap, characterized in that, The device comprises: a wind speed gradient measurement module, a wind direction measurement module, a sandstorm event sensing module and an intelligent control module, the intelligent control module being electrically connected with the wind speed gradient measurement module, the wind direction measurement module and the sandstorm event sensing module respectively; the wind speed gradient measurement module is used for synchronously measuring wind speed data at different heights, the wind speed data including instantaneous wind speed; the wind speed gradient measurement module comprises a Pitot tube body with a shared static pressure cavity, the Pitot tube body being provided with a plurality of dynamic pressure holes along the height direction, each dynamic pressure hole being configured with a micro differential pressure sensor, the high voltage end of each micro differential pressure sensor being connected to the corresponding dynamic pressure hole, and the low voltage end being connected to the shared static pressure cavity; the wind direction measurement module is used for measuring the real-time orientation of the sand collector to obtain wind direction data; the sandstorm event sensing module is used for detecting sand particle impact and outputting an impact electric signal, the impact electric signal being a digital trigger signal representing the occurrence of sand particle impact; the intelligent control module is used for monitoring the start and end of a sandstorm event according to the impact electric signal, recording the event start time, end time, wind speed at the event occurrence time and calculating the duration and sand lifting wind speed threshold; determining a sandstorm monitoring result of the sandstorm event based on the wind speed data and wind direction data obtained during the sandstorm event period, the sandstorm monitoring result including the event start time, end time, duration, dominant wind direction and average wind speed at each height during the sandstorm event period; the sandstorm monitoring result further includes dynamic sand lifting wind speed at each height during the sandstorm event period, the intelligent control module is further used for: when the digital trigger signal is detected for the first time, synchronously recording the instantaneous wind speed at the current height as the dynamic sand lifting wind speed under the current environment, and determining the dynamic sand lifting wind speed as the sand lifting wind speed threshold.

2. The multi-parameter wind-sand monitoring device for sand traps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wind direction measurement module comprises a radially magnetized disc magnet installed on the rotating part of the sand collector and a magnetic absolute angle sensor installed on the fixed part of the sand collector, and a gap is provided between the disc magnet and the magnetic absolute angle sensor; when the sand collector rotates, the disc magnet rotates synchronously with the rotating part, the magnetic absolute angle sensor outputs an absolute angle signal of 0-360° by sensing the direction change of the magnetic field, the wind direction data includes the instantaneous orientation angle of the sand collector corresponding to the absolute angle signal, and the dominant wind direction is obtained by vector average calculation of all instantaneous orientation angles during the sandstorm event period.

3. The multi-parameter wind-sand monitoring device for sand traps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wind speed gradient measurement module further comprises an environmental parameter sensor for correcting air density, the environmental parameter sensor being a temperature and humidity pressure sensor for collecting environmental temperature and pressure data in real time; the intelligent control module is further used for calculating air density based on the environmental temperature and pressure data collected by the temperature and humidity pressure sensor, and determining the instantaneous wind speed at each height and the average wind speed in the statistical period in combination with the dynamic pressure and static pressure difference measured by the micro differential pressure sensor.

4. The multi-parameter wind-sand monitoring device for sand traps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wind-sand event sensing module comprises a sensing panel, a piezoelectric conversion unit and a signal conditioning circuit; the sensing panel is used for receiving sand particle impact and transmitting mechanical energy, the piezoelectric conversion unit is used for converting the impact mechanical energy into an original electric signal, and the signal conditioning circuit comprises a charge amplifier, a band-pass filter and a voltage comparator connected in sequence, and is used for amplifying, filtering and threshold comparing the original electric signal, and outputting the digital trigger signal.

5. The multi-parameter wind-sand monitoring device for sand traps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Pitot tube body is a long strip-shaped sheet structure, each of the dynamic pressure holes and the static pressure holes is covered with an anti-blocking structure, the anti-blocking structure is a metal sand prevention net with a mesh size of 400 or more or a micron-level pore size sintered metal filter element, the dynamic pressure holes have an opening height of at least three of 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm and 100 cm, and each of the dynamic pressure holes is connected to the high-voltage end of the corresponding micro differential pressure sensor through an independent pipeline.

6. The multi-parameter wind-sand monitoring device for sand traps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control module is further configured to: when the wind-sand event does not occur, control the wind speed gradient measurement module and the wind direction measurement module to collect wind speed data and wind direction data at a first preset frequency; when the wind-sand event occurs, control the wind speed gradient measurement module and the wind direction measurement module to collect wind speed data and wind direction data at a second preset frequency, wherein the second preset frequency is greater than the first preset frequency.

7. The multi-parameter wind-sand monitoring device for sand traps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further comprises a system support module electrically connected to the intelligent control module, and the system support module comprises: a power supply unit for providing stable power supply, a storage unit for locally storing wind speed data, wind direction data and wind-sand monitoring results, a communication unit for providing data download function, remote parameter configuration function and equipment state monitoring function, a clock unit for providing time stamp, and a protection structure, wherein the wind speed gradient measurement module, the wind direction measurement module, the wind-sand event sensing module and the intelligent control module are integrated in the protection structure.

8. The multi-parameter wind-sand monitoring device for sand traps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control module is further configured to: based on the wind speed data, the dynamic sand-raising wind speed and the wind direction data collected at each height during the wind-sand event period, establish a wind speed-sand transport rate relationship model, and update the dynamic sand-raising wind speed threshold of each height layer in real time; The expression of the wind speed-sand transport rate relationship model is: Q = k x (V - V0) n ; wherein Q is the sand transport rate, k is the proportional coefficient, V is the average wind speed at each height, V0 is the dynamic sand-raising wind speed threshold corresponding to the height, and n is the empirical index.

9. A multi-parameter wind-sand monitoring method for a sand collector, characterized in that, The method is applied to the multi-parameter wind-sand monitoring device for sand collector in any one of claims 1-8, and the method comprises: the wind speed gradient measurement module and the wind direction measurement module collect basic wind speed data and basic wind direction data at a first preset frequency, and the wind-sand event sensing module monitors sand particle impact in real time; when the intelligent control module first detects the digital trigger signal output by the wind-sand event sensing module, it is determined that the wind-sand event starts, the starting time stamp is recorded, the current instantaneous wind speed at each height is read synchronously as the dynamic sand-raising wind speed, and the measurement modules are controlled to switch to a second preset frequency for continuous data collection, wherein the second preset frequency is greater than the first preset frequency; When the intelligent control module detects that the digital trigger signal continuously disappears for a preset time length, it is determined that the sandstorm event is terminated, a termination timestamp is recorded, and the event duration is calculated; The intelligent control module calculates the average wind speed at each height and the dominant wind direction based on the wind speed data and wind direction data collected during the sandstorm event period, generates a sandstorm monitoring result, and the sandstorm monitoring result includes the event start time, termination time, duration, dominant wind direction, and average wind speed at each height and dynamic sand-raising wind speed during the sandstorm event period.

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