Method and device for assisting water conservancy project with ship lock or fish lock in bidirectional fish passing

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of fish protection in water conservancy projects, in particular to a method and a device for assisting bidirectional fish passing in a water conservancy project with a ship lock or a fish lock. For a water conservancy project with a ship lock, fishes are induced to pass through the ship lock in a water spraying mode of a dispatching gate and a jet device for upstream and downstream communication; for a water conservancy project with a fish lock, the efficiency of river irrigation and fry receiving and the success rate of river migration induction are improved through a water spraying mode of dispatching the jet device. The jet flow device for inducing the fishes has the following beneficial effects that (1) a water conservancy project which is provided with a ship lock and is not provided with a fish passing facility is helped to realize bidirectional fish passing; (2) the fish passing and fry receiving efficiency of the water conservancy project with the fish lock is improved; and (3) the provided spraying device forms a longitudinal fish luring water flow with a certain angle near the two side walls, so that the fishes can approach the side walls to move towards the upstream.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of fish protection in water conservancy projects, in particular to a method and device for assisting two-way fish passage in water conservancy projects with ship locks or fish locks. BACKGROUND

[0002] Fish migration is a behavior of periodic directional return movement caused by physiological requirements and external environment factors, and fish migration can provide better survival conditions for the population. However, the construction of dams on natural river channels blocks the migration channel of fish and seriously damages the biodiversity of river.

[0003] When building dams, humans build various fish passage facilities, mainly including fishways, fish locks, fish elevators, fish collecting ships, etc. The current fish passage facilities have their own use conditions. Fishways are mainly suitable for small and medium-sized water head hubs. For the case where the water level difference between the upstream and downstream is more than 15 m, in order to control the water flow rate, it needs to be arranged longer, which greatly increases the engineering investment. Fish locks and fish elevators are suitable for high water head projects, and there are more mechanical and electrical equipment, and the operation and maintenance cost is large. Fish collecting ships are suitable for rivers with navigation conditions, but there are problems such as water environmental pollution, noise, and discontinuous fish passage over the dam.

[0004] Ship locks are an important part of connecting the upstream and downstream of navigable rivers. The water level in the lock chamber is changed by filling and discharging water to realize the problem of ship passage over the dam. The current ship lock design mainly considers the demand for ship passage. In the actual maintenance of the ship lock, a considerable number of wild fish are observed in the ship lock chamber, which shows that the scheme of using the ship lock for fish passage as a migration fish channel is feasible. Due to the requirement of ship mooring force in the lock chamber, the water flow rate and the water level rising speed when filling and discharging water in the ship lock chamber will have requirements; similarly, there are related requirements for the navigation flow conditions in the approach channel. The domestic specification requires that the longitudinal flow rate in the downstream gate area of the ship lock should not exceed 2 m / s, the transverse flow rate should not exceed 0.3 m / s, and the backflow velocity should not exceed 0.4 m / s. Usually, a flow separation dike is built to separate the ship lock filling and discharging flow and the main flow to form a static water channel on the upstream and downstream of the ship lock. Therefore, the flow rates in the approach channel and the lock chamber both have conditions suitable for fish migration.

[0005] Chinese patent CN104594321A discloses a fish passage type ship lock fish attracting system and fish collecting and attracting method, which mainly uses a horizontal branch channel water supplementing fish attracting device arranged at the lock bottom. However, in practice, this method has the following defects: First, different fish species are distributed in the water body due to their habits, and many surface layer fish species are not sensitive to the bottom water supplementing flow, so the above device cannot effectively attract surface layer fish.

[0006] Secondly, since the design goal of the transverse corridor is to minimize the water flow velocity during filling through energy dissipation structures, the effective attraction time for fish is not high under the premise of a fixed total discharge volume.

[0007] Third, the existing technologies mentioned above mainly consider the upstream behavior of fish. When constructing fish passage facilities, it is necessary to consider not only the migration of fish from downstream to upstream, but also their safe return from upstream to downstream. In other words, fish passage facilities should have bidirectional fish passage capabilities to minimize the impact of dam construction on underwater biodiversity.

[0008] Fourth, the above patents can only be used for fish-attracting arrangements in locks and cannot help water conservancy projects without locks. In existing technical practices, for fish locks with tidal head differences, the efficiency is not high regardless of the direction in which fish pass due to the small head difference between the upper and lower sections, and the effective operating time is very short due to tidal effects.

[0009] Therefore, for water conservancy projects with locks, there is a need for a device that can reduce the water consumption of the locks, increase the efficiency of fish passing through the locks, and enable the water conservancy project to have bidirectional fish passage capability.

[0010] For hydraulic engineering projects that lack ship locks but have fish locks with tidal head differences, there is a need for a device that can be installed in the fish lock to transform a one-way fish lock into a two-way fishway, while simultaneously increasing the effective operating time of the fish lock. This device would significantly improve the efficiency of fish passage in ship locks or fish locks. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for assisting fish passage in two directions in water conservancy projects with locks or fish locks, thereby improving the fish communication capabilities of water conservancy projects.

[0012] Specifically: A method for assisting bidirectional fish passage in hydraulic engineering projects with locks or fish locks, for hydraulic engineering projects with locks, includes the following steps: The lock enters the fish passage scheduling mode, at which time no ships are allowed to pass through or dock in the lock. When conducting fish migration upstream, The lock begins to operate in the downstream low water level state. The downstream miter gate opens, and the jetting device sprays water downstream to attract fish. The fish flocks enter the lock through the miter gate. After detecting a school of fish swimming into the lock chamber downstream of the miter gate using underwater acoustic devices, the miter gate is closed. During the filling of the lock, the jetting device continuously sprays water downstream, inducing fish to swim upwards towards the lock head. As the jetting device continuously sprays water, the fish approach the floating mooring bollard and move away from the water conveyance channel outlet. When the lock is filled with water and the water level in the lock is the same as the water level upstream, the upstream miter gate opens and the jet device installed on the upstream lock wall navigation channel operates, attracting fish to leave the lock chamber and swim upstream. After the underwater acoustic device installed at the upstream miter gate exit detects a group of fish swimming out of the lock chamber, the upstream miter gate closes and the lock releases water. When the water level in the lock is equal to the downstream water level, open the downstream miter gate and repeat the above steps. When conducting fish migration scheduling in rivers, The lock begins to operate at a high water level upstream. The upstream miter gate opens, and the jetting device sprays water upstream to attract fish. The fish then enter the lock through the miter gate. After detecting a school of fish swimming into the lock chamber upstream of the miter gate using underwater acoustic devices, the miter gate is closed. During the filling of the lock, the jetting device continuously sprays water upwards, inducing fish to swim downwards towards the lock head. As the jetting device continuously sprays water, the fish approach the floating mooring bollard and move away from the water conveyance channel outlet. When the lock is empty, the water level in the lock is level with the water level downstream. The downstream miter gate opens, and the jetting device installed on the downstream lock wall navigation channel operates, attracting fish to leave the lock chamber and swim downstream. After the underwater acoustic device installed at the downstream miter gate outlet detects a group of fish swimming out of the lock chamber, the downstream miter gate closes and the lock begins to fill with water. When the water level in the lock is equal to the water level upstream, open the upstream miter gate and repeat the above steps.

[0013] A method for assisting bidirectional fish passage in hydraulic engineering projects with locks or fish locks, comprising the following steps for hydraulic engineering projects with fish locks: During the seedling stage in Guanjiang: During high tide, when the water level of the outer river is lower than that of the inner lake, and the difference between the water levels of the outer river and the inner lake is less than 5 cm, the spraying device begins to spray into the lake, and the spraying is carried out by a transmission and rotation method. At this time, the fish gate is gradually opened. During high tide, when the water level of the outer river begins to equal and gradually exceeds that of the inner lake, the fish sluice gate is fully opened, and the spraying device sprays wide-angle water into the lake to help the fish fry enter the inner lake. During the low tide period, as the tide level in the outer river gradually decreases and begins to equalize with the water level in the inner lake, the spray device is directed directly to the opposite side to close the fish gate, preventing fish fry from entering the outer river. The process is repeated until the next tidal window. During the river migration period: During high tide, when the water level of the outer river is lower than that of the inner lake, and the difference between the water levels of the outer river and the inner lake is less than 5 cm, the spraying device begins to spray concentratedly into the lake to lure mature fish to approach the gate. At this time, the fish gate is gradually opened. During high tide, when the water level of the outer river begins to equal and gradually exceeds that of the inner lake, the fish sluice gate is fully opened, and the spraying device sprays wide-angle water into the lake to help mature fish quickly find the fish sluice gate channel to enter the outer river. During low tide, as the tide level of the outer river gradually decreases and begins to equalize with the water level of the inner lake, the spray device is directed directly into the inner lake to close the fish gate, attracting mature fish from the lake to gather near the fish gate and wait for the next tidal window, repeating the above steps.

[0014] A jetting device for assisting bidirectional fish passage in hydraulic engineering projects with locks or fish locks includes: a jetting device and a fixing device; The aforementioned jetting device includes: a self-priming submersible pump housing, a self-priming submersible pump, a variable-direction jet nozzle, and a connecting base; The bottom of the protective casing of the self-priming submersible pump is open to facilitate water intake. The outlet of the self-priming submersible pump is equipped with a directional jet nozzle, and the outlet of the directional jet nozzle extends outside the protective casing of the self-priming submersible pump. The aforementioned directional jet nozzle includes a rotating mechanism and a push-pull mechanism. The rotating mechanism is used to swing the nozzle left and right to adjust its direction, and the push-pull mechanism is used to extend and retract the nozzle to adjust the concentration and dispersion of the jet water flow.

[0015] The aforementioned rotating mechanism includes: a worm drive, a worm fixed support, a fixed end, a rotating end, a worm, and a worm wheel; The aforementioned push-pull mechanism includes: a nozzle sleeve, a hydraulic push-pull device, a fixed end support, and a movable end support; The hydraulic push-pull device is fixed at both ends to a fixed end support and a movable end support, respectively. The fixed end support is fixed to the fixed end of the variable jet nozzle; the movable end support is fixed to the nozzle sleeve. When the hydraulic push-pull device extends or retracts, it can control the nozzle sleeve to move outside the nozzle, thereby achieving a change in the length of the nozzle.

[0016] The nozzle sleeve can be circular or rectangular in shape, with a diameter ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 m, and can be modified according to the actual effect.

[0017] The nozzle sleeve has a certain angle with the gate wall, and the flow velocity range is 0.2 ~ 1.5 m / s.

[0018] When the aforementioned jet device is used in a lock, the aforementioned fixing device is a lock floating bollard, which includes: a bollard float, a bollard, and a guide wheel. The aforementioned mooring bollard is fitted with a connecting seat at the lower part, and a self-priming submersible pump protective casing is installed at the lower part of the connecting seat. The self-priming submersible pump is installed inside the self-priming submersible pump protective casing. The aforementioned bollards are fixed to the bollard buoys; There are a total of 4 sets of guide wheels, of which the top 2 sets are welded to the mooring bollard and the bottom 2 sets are welded to the casing of the self-priming submersible pump. During ship passage scheduling at the lock, the aforementioned fixed device serves as a floating bollard for mooring. During fish passage scheduling at the lock, the aforementioned jetting device sprays water upstream or downstream. Since the floating bollard, which serves as a fixed device, generally floats on the water surface, the directional jet nozzles continuously spray water at a height close to the water surface. By adjusting the counterweight, the height of the directional jet nozzle is kept suspended at the water surface. When the nozzle needs to spray underwater, the mooring bollard is counterweighted, so that the directional jet nozzle will stay at a certain water depth and spray.

[0019] When the above-mentioned jet device is used in a fish lock with tidal head difference, its jet device structure remains unchanged, and its fixing device includes: float and positioning pile; The aforementioned buoy and positioning pile are slidably connected, and the positioning pile is fixed to the bottom and side wall of the fish sluice gate; The aforementioned pontoon is fitted with a connecting seat at its lower part, and the aforementioned jetting device is fitted with the connecting seat at its lower part.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are: it helps water conservancy projects with locks but no fish passage facilities to achieve bidirectional fish passage; it improves the efficiency of fish passage and fry introduction in water conservancy projects with fish locks; the provided jetting device forms a longitudinal fish-attracting water flow at a certain angle near the side walls, allowing fish to move upstream close to the side walls.

[0021] Fish moving upstream along the sidewalls experience reduced energy expenditure due to the low velocity of the boundary layer on one side. Experiments comparing sidewall and center placement revealed that placing the device near the sidewalls facilitates passage for more fish. Furthermore, for locks, this eliminates the need for consuming lock water and requires no lock modifications; only existing floating bollards need to be replaced, simplifying maintenance and saving on upgrade costs. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for bidirectional fish passage in a hydraulic engineering system with locks; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an overall jetting device for bidirectional fish passage in a hydraulic engineering system with a lock; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a jetting device installed in the lock wall to assist in the bidirectional fish passage of a hydraulic engineering project with a lock; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the process for irrigating and stocking fish in a water conservancy project with a fish gate, which assists in two-way fish passage; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the process of fish migration into the river using a method for bidirectional fish passage in a hydraulic engineering system with a fish gate; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an overall jetting device for bidirectional fish passage in a hydraulic engineering system with a fish gate; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a jetting device for bidirectional fish passage in a hydraulic engineering system with a fish gate, installed in the fish gate; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a self-priming submersible pump used to assist in bidirectional fish passage in hydraulic engineering projects with locks or fish locks. Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a variable-direction jet nozzle used to assist in bidirectional fish passage in hydraulic engineering projects with locks or fish locks. Figure 10 A partially enlarged schematic diagram of a variable jet nozzle rotation mechanism R for assisting bidirectional fish passage in hydraulic engineering projects with locks or fish locks; Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the flow velocity distribution inside a lock during the implementation of a method for bidirectional fish passage in a hydraulic engineering system with a lock. Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the flow velocity distribution at different positions in front of each nozzle inside the lock during the implementation of a method for bidirectional fish passage in a hydraulic engineering system with a lock. Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the jet device arrangement during the spraying process of a jet device for bidirectional fish passage in a hydraulic engineering system with a fish gate.

[0023] In the figure: 11 self-priming submersible pump casing, 12 variable jet nozzle, 13 connecting seat, 14 self-priming submersible pump, 15 mooring bollard, 16 guide wheel, 17 mooring bollard; 21 buoy, 22 positioning pile, 31 worm gear drive, 32 worm gear fixed support, 33 fixed end, 34 rotating end, 35 worm gear, 36 worm wheel; 41 moving end support, 42 push-pull device, 43 fixed end support, 44 nozzle sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Example 1 The present invention provides a jetting device for assisting bidirectional fish passage in hydraulic engineering projects with locks or fish locks, comprising a jetting device and a fixing device. The jetting device includes: a self-priming submersible pump housing 11, a self-priming submersible pump 14, a variable-direction jet nozzle 12, and a connecting seat 13. The bottom of the self-priming submersible pump housing 11 is open to facilitate water intake by the self-priming submersible pump 14. The outlet of the self-priming submersible pump 14 is equipped with a directional jet nozzle 12, and the outlet of the directional jet nozzle 12 extends out of the outer side of the self-priming submersible pump protective shell 11. The aforementioned directional jet nozzle 12 includes a rotating mechanism and a push-pull mechanism. The rotating mechanism is used to swing the nozzle left and right to adjust its direction, and the push-pull mechanism is used to extend and retract the nozzle to adjust the concentration and dispersion of the jet water flow.

[0025] The aforementioned rotating mechanism includes: a worm drive 31, a worm fixed support 32, a fixed end 33, a rotating end 34, a worm 35, and a worm wheel 36; The aforementioned push-pull mechanism includes: a nozzle sleeve 44, a hydraulic push-pull device 42, a fixed end support 43, and a movable end support 41; The hydraulic push-pull device 42 is fixed at both ends to the fixed end support 43 and the movable end support 41, respectively. The fixed end support 43 is fixed to the fixed end of the nozzle; the movable end support 41 is fixed to the nozzle sleeve 44; When the hydraulic push-pull device 42 extends or retracts, it can control the nozzle sleeve 44 to move outside the nozzle, thereby realizing the change of nozzle length.

[0026] The nozzle sleeve 44 can be circular or rectangular in shape, with a diameter ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 m, and can be modified according to the actual effect.

[0027] Example 2

[0028] When the above-mentioned jet device is used in a lock, the jet device includes: a jetting device and a fixing device. The fixing device is a floating bollard of the lock. The floating bollard of the lock includes: bollard float 15, bollard 17 and guide wheel 16. A connecting seat 13 is installed at the lower part of the aforementioned mooring bollard 15, a self-priming submersible pump protective shell 11 is installed at the lower part of the connecting seat 13, and a self-priming submersible pump 14 is installed inside the self-priming submersible pump protective shell 11. The aforementioned bollard 17 is fixed to the bollard buoy 15; There are a total of 4 sets of the aforementioned guide wheels 16, of which the upper 2 sets are welded to the mooring bollard 15, and the lower 2 sets are welded to the casing of the self-priming submersible pump 11. The aforementioned auxiliary jetting device for bidirectional fish passage in a lock or fish lock hydraulic engineering system includes a fixed device that serves as a floating bollard for mooring ships during lock passage scheduling; and a jetting device in which the directional jetting nozzle 12 sprays water upstream or downstream during fish passage scheduling. Due to the working characteristics of the floating bollard, the directional jetting nozzle 12 sprays water at a height close to the water surface. The height of the directional jet nozzle 12 is suspended at the water surface by adjusting the counterweight. When the nozzle needs to spray underwater, the mooring bollard 15 is counterweighted so that the directional jet nozzle 12 will stay at a certain water depth and spray.

[0029] Example 3

[0030] The lock chamber has effective dimensions of 34 m × 280 m × 4.5 m (width × length × sill depth). The existing floating bollards consist of pontoons, bollards, and guide wheels. The pontoons have a diameter of 1.2 m and a height of 4.0 m. A bollard 17 is designed above the pontoon and on the front side. The guide wheels 16 on both sides of the bollard pontoon 15 allow it to rise and fall with changes in the lock chamber water level. To ensure the berthing stability of ships during changes in the lock chamber water level, each lock chamber is equipped with 16 pairs (32 bollards) of floating bollards that can rise and fall with changes in the lock chamber water level.

[0031] The anchoring device is a floating bollard for the lock.

[0032] The lock enters the fish passage scheduling mode, at which time no ships are allowed to pass through or dock in the lock. When conducting fish migration upstream, The lock begins to operate in the downstream low water level state. The downstream miter gate opens, and the improved lock mooring bollard fish-attracting device sprays water downstream to attract fish. The fish flocks enter the lock through the miter gate. After detecting a school of fish swimming into the lock chamber downstream of the miter gate using underwater acoustic devices, the miter gate is closed. During the lock filling process, the improved lock mooring bollard fish-attracting device continuously sprays water downstream to induce fish to swim upwards towards the lock head. Furthermore, due to the continuous spraying of water by the improved lock mooring bollard fish-attracting device, the fish approach the floating mooring bollard and move away from the water conveyance channel outlet. When the lock is filled with water and the water level in the lock is the same as the upstream water level, the upstream miter gate opens, and the improved lock mooring bollard buoy fish-attracting device installed on the upstream lock wall approach channel operates, attracting fish to leave the lock chamber and swim upstream. After the underwater acoustic device installed at the upstream miter gate exit detects a group of fish swimming out of the lock chamber, the upstream miter gate closes and the lock releases water. When the water level in the lock is equal to the downstream water level, open the downstream miter gate and repeat the above steps. When conducting fish migration scheduling in rivers, The lock begins to operate at a high water level upstream. The upstream miter gate opens, and the improved lock mooring bollard fish-attracting device sprays water upstream to attract fish. The fish then enter the lock through the miter gate. After detecting a school of fish swimming into the lock chamber upstream of the miter gate using underwater acoustic devices, the miter gate is closed. During the lock filling process, the improved lock mooring bollard fish-attracting device continuously sprays water upwards, enticing fish to swim downwards towards the lock head. Furthermore, due to the continuous spraying of water by the improved lock mooring bollard fish-attracting device, the fish approach the floating mooring bollards and move away from the water conveyance channel outlet. When the lock is empty, the water level in the lock is level with the water level downstream. The downstream miter gate opens, and the improved lock mooring bollards and fish-attracting spray devices installed on the downstream lock wall approach channel are activated, attracting fish to leave the lock chamber and swim downstream. After the underwater acoustic device installed at the downstream miter gate outlet detects a group of fish swimming out of the lock chamber, the downstream miter gate closes and the lock begins to fill with water. When the water level in the lock is equal to the water level upstream, open the upstream miter gate and repeat the above steps.

[0033] In the above scheduling, the inner diameter of the directional jet nozzle 12 is 0.2m, the jet angle is 30° (angle between the axis and the gate wall), and the submerged water depth is 0.5m. When the fish swim to the vicinity of the lower gate head 1, the left bank floating jet system 301~305 and the right bank floating jet system 317~330 are activated sequentially. The submersible pump power is adjusted to maintain an outflow velocity of approximately 1 m / s. The jet device rises as the gate chamber is filled with water, while maintaining its submerged depth essentially unchanged. Figure 11 As shown in the flow velocity diagram, this arrangement creates a flow velocity contour zone of 0.2 m / s, which allows the area between two adjacent variable-direction jet nozzles 12 to couple pressure and flow velocity to the lower limit of fish sensing velocity, i.e., 0.1-0.2 m / s, forming a longitudinal water flow on both sides of the gate wall that meets the conditions for fish passage.

[0034] like Figure 12 As shown, three longitudinal flow measurement lines were selected along the river on the horizontal plane formed by the variable-direction jet nozzles 12, at distances of 0.4 m, 0.8 m, and 1.2 m from the gate wall, respectively. The water jet from the variable-direction jet nozzles 12 continuously mixes with the surrounding water in the still water area of ​​the gate chamber, and the flow velocity gradually decreases, still reaching a velocity of 0.08 m / s at a distance of 1.2 m from the gate wall. As mentioned earlier, when the fish swim to the vicinity of the lower gate head 1, the floating jet systems 301-305 on the left bank are activated sequentially. The water flow velocity at a distance of 0.8 m from the gate wall can form a relatively stable longitudinal flow, and the flow velocity basically exceeds the flow velocity sensed by the fish, causing the fish to begin their migration.

[0035] Example 4

[0036] A jetting device for assisting bidirectional fish passage in a hydraulic engineering project with a fish gate includes: a fixing device and a jetting device. The fixing device is a float-type positioning pile, and the jetting device includes: a self-priming submersible pump casing 11, a self-priming submersible pump 14, a variable-direction jet nozzle 12, and a connecting seat 13. The aforementioned pontoon-type positioning piles include: pontoon 21 and positioning pile 22; The aforementioned buoy 21 is slidably connected to the positioning pile 22, and the positioning pile 22 is fixed to the bottom surface and side wall of the fish sluice gate; A connecting seat 13 is installed at the lower part of the float 21, a self-priming submersible pump protective shell 11 is installed at the lower part of the connecting seat 13, and a self-priming submersible pump 14 is installed inside the self-priming submersible pump protective shell 11. The bottom of the self-priming submersible pump housing 11 is open to facilitate water intake by the self-priming submersible pump 14. The outlet of the self-priming submersible pump 14 is equipped with a directional jet nozzle 12, and the outlet of the directional jet nozzle 12 extends out of the outer side of the self-priming submersible pump protective shell 11.

[0037] A method for assisting bidirectional fish passage in a hydraulic engineering project with a fish gate, comprising the following steps during fish gate operation: During the seedling stage in Guanjiang: During high tide, when the water level of the outer river is lower than that of the inner lake, and the difference between the water levels of the outer river and the inner lake is less than 5 cm, the spraying device begins to spray into the lake, and the spraying is carried out by a transmission and rotation method. At this time, the fish gate is gradually opened. During high tide, when the water level of the outer river begins to equal and gradually exceeds that of the inner lake, the fish sluice gate is fully opened, and the spraying device sprays wide-angle water into the lake to help the fish fry enter the inner lake. During the low tide period, as the tide level in the outer river gradually decreases and begins to equalize with the water level in the inner lake, the spray device is directed directly to the opposite side to close the fish gate and prevent fish fry from entering the outer river. During the river migration period: During high tide, when the water level of the outer river is lower than that of the inner lake, and the difference between the water levels of the outer river and the inner lake is less than 5 cm, the spraying device begins to spray concentratedly into the lake to lure mature fish to approach the gate. At this time, the fish gate is gradually opened. During high tide, when the water level of the outer river begins to equal and gradually exceeds that of the inner lake, the fish sluice gate is fully opened, and the spraying device sprays wide-angle water into the lake to help mature fish quickly find the fish sluice gate channel to enter the outer river. During the low tide period, as the tide level of the outer river gradually decreases and begins to equalize with the water level of the inner lake, the jetting device shoots directly into the inner lake, closing the fish gate and attracting mature fish in the lake to gather near the fish gate, waiting for the next tidal window.

[0038] The rotary injection method refers to: initial state The jetting devices are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the gate, with each group of jetting devices having an initial angle of 0° (directly facing the center line of the gate).

[0039] The first pair (upstream) of jetting devices is activated first, rotating and jetting downstream (clockwise / counterclockwise).

[0040] First stage rotation (0°→90°) The first set of spray devices (A1, A2) begins to rotate, simultaneously spraying water into the lake.

[0041] Rotation speed: approximately 5°~10° / second (adjustable according to flow rate).

[0042] Injection angle: Gradually turn from 0° (directly facing the gate) to 90° (vertically downstream).

[0043] Second stage rotation (90°→150°) When the first set of spray devices rotates to 90°, the second set of spray devices (B1, B2) starts and rotates from 0°.

[0044] The first set of spray devices (A1, A2) continues to rotate to 150°, while the second set of spray devices (B1, B2) rotates to 90°.

[0045] At this point, the first set of spray devices (A1, A2) stops rotating, but still maintains a fixed spray direction of 150°, forming a stable water flow guiding zone.

[0046] Phase 3 (Passing on to the next group) When the second set of spray devices (B1, B2) rotates to 90°, the third set of spray devices (C1, C2) starts rotating from 0°.

[0047] The second set of spray devices (B1, B2) continued to rotate to 150°, and the third set of spray devices (C1, C2) rotated to 90°.

[0048] This process is repeated to create a continuous rotating jet transmission, ensuring a stable transition in the direction of water flow.

[0049] Simultaneous operation on both sides The spray devices on both sides of the gate operate symmetrically (e.g., the left side rotates clockwise and the right side rotates counterclockwise).

[0050] Ensure that the water flow on both sides converges into the lake to prevent fish fry from getting stuck.

[0051] Termination conditions When the tide level of the outer river is close to or higher than the water level of the inner lake, switch to wide-angle spray mode (all spray devices are fixed at a fixed angle to expand the spray range).

Claims

1. A jetting device for assisting bidirectional fish passage in hydraulic engineering projects with locks or fish locks, characterized in that: The jetting device includes: a jetting device and a fixing device; The jetting device includes: a self-priming submersible pump housing (11), a self-priming submersible pump (14), a variable-direction jet nozzle (12), and a connecting seat (13). The bottom of the protective casing (11) of the self-priming submersible pump is open to facilitate water intake by the self-priming submersible pump (14); The outlet of the self-priming submersible pump (14) is equipped with a directional jet nozzle (12), and the outlet of the directional jet nozzle (12) extends outside the protective shell (11) of the self-priming submersible pump. The variable-direction jet nozzle (12) includes a rotating mechanism and a push-pull mechanism. The rotating mechanism is used to swing the nozzle left and right to adjust its direction, and the push-pull mechanism is used to extend and retract the nozzle to adjust the concentration and dispersion of the jet water flow. The rotating mechanism includes: a worm drive (31), a worm fixed support (32), a fixed end (33), a rotating end (34), a worm (35), and a worm wheel (36); The push-pull mechanism includes: a nozzle sleeve (44), a hydraulic push-pull device (42), a fixed end support (43), and a movable end support (41). The hydraulic push-pull rod device (42) is fixed at both ends on the fixed end support (43) and the movable end support (41), respectively; The fixed end support (43) is fixed to the fixed end of the nozzle, and the movable end support (41) is fixed to the nozzle sleeve (44); When the hydraulic push-pull device (42) extends or retracts, it controls the nozzle sleeve (44) to move outside the nozzle, thereby changing the length of the nozzle; The nozzle sleeve (44) is circular in shape and has a diameter ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 m; The nozzle sleeve (44) has a certain angle with the gate wall, and the flow velocity ranges from 0.2 to 1.5 m / s.

2. The jetting device for assisting bidirectional fish passage in hydraulic engineering projects with locks or fish locks as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned fixing device is a floating bollard for a ship lock; The aforementioned floating bollard for the lock includes: bollard buoy (15), bollard (17), and guide wheel (16). The bollard (17) is fixed to the bollard buoy (15); The guide wheels (16) consist of 4 sets, of which the upper 2 sets are welded to the mooring bollard (15) and the lower 2 sets are welded to the casing of the self-priming submersible pump (11); The fixed device serves as a floating mooring bollard for mooring ships during the lock's ship passage scheduling; the spraying device sprays water upstream or downstream during the lock's fish passage scheduling, and the directional jet nozzle (12) sprays water at a height close to the water surface. By adjusting the counterweight, the height of the directional jet nozzle (12) is suspended at the water surface. When the directional jet nozzle (12) needs to spray underwater, the mooring bollard (15) is counterweighted so that the directional jet nozzle (12) will stay at a certain water depth and spray.

3. A jetting device for assisting bidirectional fish passage in hydraulic engineering projects with locks or fish locks, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The fixing device includes: a buoy (21) and a positioning pile (22); The buoy (21) is slidably connected to the positioning pile (22), and the positioning pile (22) is fixed on the bottom surface and side wall of the fish gate; A connecting seat (13) is installed at the lower part of the float (21), and a self-priming submersible pump protective shell (11) is installed at the lower part of the connecting seat (13).

4. A method for assisting bidirectional fish passage in hydraulic engineering projects with locks or fish locks, characterized in that: For hydraulic engineering projects with locks, the following steps are included: The lock enters the fish passage scheduling mode, at which time no ships are allowed to pass through or dock in the lock. When conducting fish migration upstream, The lock begins to operate in the downstream low water level state. The downstream miter gate opens, and the jetting device sprays water downstream to attract fish. The fish flocks enter the lock through the miter gate. After detecting a school of fish swimming into the lock chamber downstream of the miter gate using underwater acoustic devices, the miter gate is closed. During the filling of the lock, the bidirectional fish jetting device continuously sprays water downstream, inducing fish to swim upwards towards the lock head. As the jetting device continuously sprays water, the fish approach the floating mooring bollard and move away from the water conveyance channel outlet. When the lock is filled with water and the water level in the lock is the same as the water level upstream, the upstream miter gate opens and the jet device installed on the upstream lock wall navigation channel operates, attracting fish to leave the lock chamber and swim upstream. After the underwater acoustic device installed at the upstream miter gate exit detects a group of fish swimming out of the lock chamber, the upstream miter gate closes and the lock releases water. When the water level in the lock is equal to the downstream water level, open the downstream miter gate and repeat the above steps. When conducting fish migration scheduling in rivers, The lock begins to operate at a high water level upstream. The upstream miter gate opens, and the jetting device sprays water upstream to attract fish. The fish then enter the lock through the miter gate. After detecting a school of fish swimming into the lock chamber upstream of the miter gate using underwater acoustic devices, the miter gate is closed. During the filling of the lock, the jetting device continuously sprays water upwards, inducing fish to swim downwards towards the lock head. As the jetting device continuously sprays water, the fish approach the floating mooring bollard and move away from the water conveyance channel outlet. When the lock is empty, the water level in the lock is level with the water level downstream. The downstream miter gate opens, and the jetting device installed on the downstream lock wall navigation channel operates, attracting fish to leave the lock chamber and swim downstream. After the underwater acoustic device installed at the downstream miter gate outlet detects a group of fish swimming out of the lock chamber, the downstream miter gate closes and the lock begins to fill with water. When the water level in the lock is equal to the water level upstream, open the upstream miter gate and repeat the above steps.

5. A method for assisting bidirectional fish passage in hydraulic engineering projects with locks or fish locks, characterized in that: For water conservancy projects with fish sluices, the following steps are included: During the seedling stage in Guanjiang: During high tide, when the water level of the outer river is lower than that of the inner lake, and the difference between the water levels of the outer river and the inner lake is less than 5 cm, the spraying device begins to spray into the lake, and the spraying is carried out by a transmission and rotation method. At this time, the fish gate is gradually opened. During high tide, when the water level of the outer river begins to equal and gradually exceeds that of the inner lake, the fish sluice gate is fully opened, and the spraying device sprays wide-angle water into the lake to help the fish fry enter the inner lake. During the low tide period, as the tide level in the outer river gradually decreases and begins to equalize with the water level in the inner lake, the spray device is directed directly to the opposite side to close the fish gate, preventing fish fry from entering the outer river. The process is repeated until the next tidal window. During the river migration period: During high tide, when the water level of the outer river is lower than that of the inner lake, and the difference between the water levels of the outer river and the inner lake is less than 5 cm, the spraying device begins to spray concentratedly into the lake to lure mature fish to approach the gate. At this time, the fish gate is gradually opened. During high tide, when the water level of the outer river begins to equal and gradually exceeds that of the inner lake, the fish sluice gate is fully opened, and the spraying device sprays wide-angle water into the lake to help mature fish quickly find the fish sluice gate channel to enter the outer river. During low tide, as the tide level of the outer river gradually decreases and begins to equalize with the water level of the inner lake, the spray device is directed directly into the inner lake to close the fish gate, attracting mature fish from the lake to gather near the fish gate and wait for the next tidal window, repeating the above steps.

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