Wind load overload automatic protection photovoltaic power generation system

Abstract

The invention provides a wind load overload automatic protection photovoltaic power generation system, which is characterized in that a photovoltaic panel is arranged on a photovoltaic bracket through a non-fixed mounting structure, and the photovoltaic panel is allowed to swing along with wind relative to the photovoltaic bracket when encountering strong wind; the photovoltaic panel is further provided with an overload release device, the overload release device can be used for limiting the photovoltaic panel in a relatively static state facing the sky when no wind or small wind exists, and the overload release device can be used for automatically releasing the photovoltaic panel when the photovoltaic panel encounters strong wind, so that the photovoltaic panel recovers the freedom of swinging along with the wind, automatic wind load overload protection is carried out, and the photovoltaic panel is prevented from being blown down. The technical defects of static wind resistance in the prior art are overcome, the wind resistance of the system is reduced, super typhoon can be resisted, and stable power generation can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, specifically relating to a method and system for automatic protection of photovoltaic (panel) power generation under wind load overload. Background Technology

[0002] The applicant's patent "Method for High-Altitude Photovoltaic Power Generation on Farmland and Photovoltaic Power Generation Suspension Cable (CN117792235B)" provides a method for generating photovoltaic power using the airspace above farmland. It involves erecting a photovoltaic power generation suspension cable above the farmland using poles, absorbing aerial solar energy to generate electricity while simultaneously supplying water for irrigation, achieving complementary development between agricultural production and photovoltaic power generation (agro-photovoltaic complementarity). However, this photovoltaic power generation suspension cable is relatively expensive.

[0003] The patent document "A Flexible Photovoltaic Support for Agricultural-Solar Complementary Systems with Stackable Photovoltaic Modules (CN119109385B)" discloses a wind-resistant technology solution for agricultural-solar complementary systems that allows photovoltaic panels to be retracted during extreme weather conditions such as strong winds and hail. However, its cost is too high, making it difficult to promote and apply on a large scale. Figure 1 The illustrated "A Solar Photovoltaic Module Support for Fishery-Solar Complementary Systems (CN204498056U)" is a photovoltaic system comprising columns, beams, and photovoltaic panels. The applicant's research has found that existing technologies share a common characteristic: they stabilize the photovoltaic panels using robust photovoltaic supports, allowing the static photovoltaic panels to withstand strong winds. In short, they employ a static wind-resistant technical approach and design concept.

[0004] During its research on numerous agricultural-solar hybrid technology implementation cases employing the static wind-resistant technical approach, the applicant discovered a case located in Sanjiang Town, Meilan District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, which was completed in May 2024 and adopted... Figure 1 A photovoltaic power generation demonstration project integrating fisheries and solar power, with a capacity of 100 MW and covering an area of ​​1663 mu (approximately 104 hectares), was completely destroyed by Typhoon Mangkhut (Typhoon No. 11 of 2024), causing economic losses of over 400 million yuan. Statistics show that Typhoon Mangkhut caused losses of over 8 billion yuan to photovoltaic power generation projects in total. This demonstrates that the current technical approach of static wind resistance, relying on stationary photovoltaic panels to withstand strong winds, has faced severe challenges from super typhoons. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a method and system for automatic protection of photovoltaic (panel) power generation under wind load overload, so as to achieve the technical effect of resisting super typhoons during extraordinary periods and generating stable power under normal conditions, thereby achieving the goal of reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, this application proposes a method and system for automatic wind load overload protection of photovoltaic (panel) power generation, which differs from the existing static wind resistance technology.

[0007] This application provides a photovoltaic (panel) power generation system with automatic wind load overload protection, comprising a photovoltaic support structure with columns and beams and photovoltaic panels, characterized in that: ① The photovoltaic panel is mounted on the photovoltaic support through a non-fixed installation structure. This non-fixed installation structure allows the photovoltaic panel to sway relative to the photovoltaic support (around a preset axis or direction) when encountering strong winds. In this way, the windward area of ​​the photovoltaic panel is dynamically adjusted (reduced), the wind passage is expanded, the impact of wind on the photovoltaic panel is reduced, and the wind resistance performance (of the entire photovoltaic system) is improved. ②The photovoltaic panels remain relatively stationary (not absolutely stationary) facing the sky when there is no wind or a light wind, so as to receive sunlight and generate electricity stably; ③ The photovoltaic panel is equipped with at least one buffer mechanism (preferably the buffer mechanism connects both the swaying photovoltaic panel and the stationary photovoltaic support). The buffer mechanism includes, but is not limited to, a spring mechanism or a weight mechanism. This buffer mechanism is used to effectively absorb the kinetic energy of the photovoltaic panel, limit the swaying amplitude (caused by the wind), and slow down the swaying speed of the photovoltaic panel when encountering strong winds, so as to prevent the photovoltaic panel from suffering excessive stress damage (caused by violent swaying). After the strong wind passes, the photovoltaic panel will automatically return to its static state facing the sky. This buffer mechanism is optional and can be selected or not in specific implementation. ④ The photovoltaic panel is equipped with an overload release device; in the absence of wind or with light wind, it is used to restrict the photovoltaic panel (such as by fastening, jamming, braking, blocking, holding, binding, locking, etc.) to a relatively static state facing the sky; when encountering strong winds (and the wind force exceeds a preset threshold / i.e., wind load overload), it is used to automatically release the photovoltaic panel, allowing it to sway freely with the wind. Ideally, a buffer mechanism should automatically absorb the kinetic energy of the photovoltaic panel, limit the swaying amplitude of the photovoltaic panel, and slow down the swaying speed of the photovoltaic panel to provide automatic wind load overload protection and prevent the photovoltaic panel from being blown away.

[0008] It should be noted that the "buffering mechanism" described in this application refers to a design used to reduce or absorb the impact of kinetic energy such as wind on photovoltaic panels, in order to protect the structural safety of the photovoltaic panels and maintain their power generation function. This mechanism includes, but is not limited to, spring mechanisms, elastic mechanisms, braking mechanisms, weight mechanisms, or damping mechanisms.

[0009] Existing technical data shows that when the pulling force generated by the wind is small, the spring remains unstretched; when the pulling force exceeds a certain value (such as 4.13 kg), the spring begins to stretch, and this specific pulling force value is usually called the critical pulling force or yield point of the spring; when the pulling force is large, the maximum length that the spring can stretch is its maximum working length L. With the "buffering mechanism" described in this application, when the wind is weak (light wind), the pulling force generated by the wind blowing on the photovoltaic panel is less than the yield point of the spring or the weight of the object, and cannot pull the spring or the object. Therefore, the spring or the object can keep the photovoltaic panel relatively stationary facing the sky; when a strong wind strikes, the pulling force is greater than the yield point of the spring or the weight of the object, and can pull the spring or the object, causing the photovoltaic panel to sway with the strong wind to buffer the wind force.

[0010] Preferably, the spring mechanism includes at least one spring, one end of which is connected (directly or indirectly through a lever) to a swingable photovoltaic panel, and the other end is connected to a fixed photovoltaic support (including support components such as columns, beams, and poles connected in the photovoltaic support). This spring is used to pull the photovoltaic panel to maintain a relatively static state facing the sky, and also to absorb the kinetic energy of the photovoltaic panel, limit the swing amplitude of the photovoltaic panel, and slow down the swing speed of the photovoltaic panel. The total yield point of the springs used for a single photovoltaic panel is ≥C×D×9.25N / m², preferably ≥C×D×19.6N / m², and more preferably ≥C×D×35.7N / m², where C is the length of the photovoltaic panel and D is the width of the photovoltaic panel.

[0011] Preferably, the weight mechanism includes at least one weight that suspends the photovoltaic panel by its own weight. This weight serves to keep the photovoltaic panel in a relatively static position facing the sky, and also to absorb the kinetic energy of the photovoltaic panel, limit its sway amplitude, and slow down its sway speed. The total weight of the weight used for a single photovoltaic panel satisfies: ≥C×D×0.95kg / m², preferably ≥C×D×2kg / m², and more preferably ≥C×D×3.65kg / m², where C is the length of the photovoltaic panel and D is the width of the photovoltaic panel.

[0012] Preferably, the photovoltaic panels are non-fixedly mounted on the crossbeams or uprights in the photovoltaic bracket, including but not limited to hinge connections (structures), pivot connections (structures), or hanging connections (structures).

[0013] Preferably, the photovoltaic panel is mounted on a rotating shaft in the photovoltaic bracket, and sways around the axis with the wind. Ideally, the sway angle of the photovoltaic panel is limited to within 135 degrees to avoid breaking the electrical connection wires due to rotation.

[0014] Preferably, the spring mechanism or weight mechanism connects the photovoltaic panel and the photovoltaic support via a lever, wherein the ratio of the lever length B to the photovoltaic panel width D, B / D, is ≥0.5. The ratio B / D is preferably ≥1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 10 to allow for the use of inexpensive springs with lower yield points (e.g., 4.13-12.26 kg) to keep the photovoltaic panel stationary; the ratio B / L of the lever length B to the maximum working length L of the spring is ≥1.5, 3, or 6 to limit the swaying amplitude of the photovoltaic panel to a smaller range. Studies show that the longer the lever length B (the larger the B / D value), the greater the torque, and the easier it is to stabilize the photovoltaic panel; the lever length B is preferably 1-2 m.

[0015] The buffering mechanism includes, but is not limited to, any one of the following: spring mechanism, elastic mechanism, braking mechanism, weight mechanism, or damping mechanism.

[0016] The term "non-fixed installation" refers to the photovoltaic panel being able to sway relative to the photovoltaic support within a certain range, rather than being completely fixed. The non-fixed installation structure is preferably a hanging connection structure, with the beam-to-panel distance Y ≤ 200mm, preferably ≤ 100mm, more preferably ≤ 50mm, further preferably ≤ 25mm, and most preferably ≤ 12.5mm. Studies show that the shorter the hanging connection length, the smaller the angle of horizontal twisting of the photovoltaic panel in strong winds, making it less prone to twisting and thus more beneficial for protecting the photovoltaic panel.

[0017] Preferably, the photovoltaic panel is kept in a relatively static state facing the sky when there is no wind or a light wind, not an absolutely static state. This relatively static state includes a slight oscillation with an angle ≤3°, preferably a slight oscillation with an angle ≤2°. This slight oscillation does not affect the solar reception efficiency or power generation stability, and is therefore included in the normal state. Comparative experiments show that to keep the photovoltaic panel absolutely static facing the sky in a light wind, a high cost (approximately 0.38 yuan / watt) is required for maintenance, including high support costs. Conversely, if a slight oscillation with an angle ≤3° is allowed in a light wind, only a small cost (approximately 0.12 yuan / watt) is required for maintenance. The study also shows that a slight oscillation with an angle ≤3° has an impact of 0.1%-2% on the power efficiency of photovoltaic panels, and an actual contribution of less than 1% to the total power generation throughout the day. This is a technically acceptable small error, far lower than the impact of factors such as dust, temperature, and shadows on power generation efficiency (for example, dust can lead to a 5%-10% decrease in efficiency, and high temperature can lead to a 10%-20% decrease). Therefore, allowing photovoltaic panels to have a slight oscillation with an angle ≤3° is a technological innovation with very significant beneficial effects.

[0018] As is generally known among technicians in the photovoltaic (PV) power generation field, when multiple PV panels connected in series or parallel sway randomly in a light breeze under ample sunlight, the output power drops significantly due to the coupling effect of circuit characteristics and dynamic lighting conditions. The specific reduction is significantly affected by the swaying angle and circuit topology. In a series system, the total current is determined by the PV panel with the lowest output current in the loop (the weakest link effect). Random swaying caused by a light breeze will cause the angle of each PV panel to momentarily deviate from its optimal value (±5°-10°). When the angle of a single panel deviates by 10°, the photocurrent will decrease by 25%-30% (based on AM1.5 standard spectral experimental data). If 2-3 out of 10 series-connected panels deviate by 10° simultaneously, the total current will be clamped at a low level. Combined with the randomness of the angle fluctuation, the average power of the system will decrease by 35%-45% compared to a static installation. In a parallel system, the total voltage is determined by the lowest voltage in the branch, while the open-circuit voltage of the PV panel decreases with the angle deviation (5%-8% at 5°, 15%-20% at 10°). When the angle of one photovoltaic panel in a parallel branch deviates by 10°, the total voltage will be forced to decrease by 15%-20%. Simultaneously, the current in each branch will fluctuate unevenly due to the angle difference, resulting in a 25%-35% decrease in total power (data from an experiment with 10 parallel panels). If a hybrid series-parallel topology (e.g., 5 series and 2 parallel) is used, the two effects are superimposed: the current limitation of the series branches and the voltage drop of the parallel branches interact. Under conditions of ±10° swaying angle and 3-5 m / s wind speed, the average power reduction of the system will reach 40%-50%, and the power fluctuation amplitude will increase by more than 60%, further reducing energy harvesting efficiency. In summary, to improve energy harvesting efficiency, the photovoltaic panels should ideally remain relatively stationary, allowing for slight swaying, in windless or lightly windy conditions.

[0019] Studies have shown that, theoretically, when the total yield point of the springs attached to a single photovoltaic panel is high enough or the total weight of the attached weight is large enough, sufficient tensile force can be provided to keep the photovoltaic panel stationary in windless or light-wind conditions. However, in practice, excessive tensile force can cause a series of problems: for example, when strong winds occur, the photovoltaic panel struggles to overcome this tensile force to sway and buffer kinetic energy; furthermore, providing excessive tensile force requires high-yield-strength springs (which are costly) or heavy weights, increasing the load on the photovoltaic support structure and leading to higher costs. In summary, practice has proven that achieving both a sufficiently high spring yield point and a sufficiently large weight to maintain the stability of the photovoltaic panel, while also ensuring good buffering performance, is a difficult contradiction to reconcile. To resolve this contradiction, the applicant proposes the following specific technical solutions for various overload release devices. Comparative tests show that the application of overload release devices can reduce the sway angle of the photovoltaic panel from ≤3° to ≤1°, further enhancing the stability of the photovoltaic panel.

[0020] Preferably, the overload release device includes a limiting permanent magnet. In the absence of wind or with a light wind, the limiting permanent magnet holds the photovoltaic panel in place, keeping it relatively stationary and facing the sky. When encountering strong winds (and the wind force on the photovoltaic panel is greater than the magnetic attraction force), the pulling force generated by the wind on the photovoltaic panel (causing the photovoltaic panel itself) to break free from the magnetic constraint, allowing the photovoltaic panel to sway freely with the wind. Ideally, a buffer mechanism should absorb the kinetic energy of the photovoltaic panel, limit the swaying amplitude, and slow down the swaying speed, thus forming an automatic wind load overload protection system. The total magnetic attraction force of the limiting permanent magnets used for a single photovoltaic panel satisfies: ≥C×D×9.25N / m², preferably ≥C×D×19.6N / m², more preferably ≥C×D×35.7N / m², where C is the length of the photovoltaic panel and D is the width of the photovoltaic panel.

[0021] Preferably, the overload release device includes a limiting bolt and its electric actuator. In calm or light wind conditions, the limiting bolt secures the photovoltaic panel, keeping it in a relatively static, sky-facing position. In the event of strong winds (e.g., automatically upon receiving a signal from a wind speed sensor), the electric actuator is activated to remove the limiting bolt, releasing the photovoltaic panel and allowing it to sway freely with the wind. Ideally, a spring automatically takes over limiting the sway amplitude and speed of the photovoltaic panel, thus forming an automatic wind load overload protection system.

[0022] Preferably, the overload release device includes a limiting fuse rope and its heating element; in the absence of wind or with light wind, the limiting fuse rope secures the photovoltaic panel, restricting it to a relatively static position facing the sky; in the event of strong wind, the heating element automatically (e.g., upon receiving a signal from a wind speed sensor) heats the limiting fuse rope, causing it to melt and release the photovoltaic panel, allowing it to sway freely with the wind. Ideally, a buffer mechanism absorbs the kinetic energy of the photovoltaic panel, limits its sway amplitude, and slows its sway speed, thus constituting an automatic wind load overload protection system.

[0023] Preferably, the overload release device includes a limiting overload self-breaking rope. In calm or light wind conditions, the limiting overload self-breaking rope secures the photovoltaic panel, keeping it in a relatively static, sky-facing position. In the event of strong winds (where the wind force on the photovoltaic panel exceeds the breaking strength of the overload self-breaking rope), the tension generated by the wind breaking the limiting overload self-breaking rope causes the photovoltaic panel to break free, allowing it to sway freely with the wind. Ideally, a buffer mechanism should absorb the kinetic energy of the photovoltaic panel, limit its sway amplitude, and reduce its sway speed, thus forming an automatic wind load overload protection system.

[0024] Preferably, the overload release device includes a limiting weight. In the absence of wind or with light wind, the limiting weight holds the photovoltaic panel in place (or pulls it back), restricting it to a relatively static position facing the sky. In the event of strong wind (where the wind force on the photovoltaic panel exceeds the weight of the limiting weight), the pulling force generated by the wind on the photovoltaic panel (causing the photovoltaic panel to move itself) pulls up (i.e., removes) the limiting weight, allowing the photovoltaic panel to regain its freedom to sway with the wind. Ideally, a buffer mechanism should be used to absorb the kinetic energy of the photovoltaic panel, limit the swaying amplitude, and slow down the swaying speed, thus constituting an automatic wind overload protection system.

[0025] Preferably, the overload release device includes a spring with a large yield point. In the absence of wind or light wind, the unstretched spring pulls the photovoltaic panel to maintain its relatively static state facing the sky, allowing for a slight sway of ≤3°. When the wind-induced tension on the photovoltaic panel exceeds the total yield point of the spring (i.e., the initial tension), the spring automatically stretches, releasing the photovoltaic panel from its restraint and allowing it to sway freely with the wind. Ideally, a buffer mechanism absorbs the kinetic energy of the photovoltaic panel, limits its sway amplitude, and slows its sway speed, thus forming an automatic wind overload protection system. The total yield point of the springs used for a single photovoltaic panel satisfies: ≥C×D×9.25N / m², preferably ≥C×D×19.6N / m², more preferably ≥C×D×35.7N / m², where C is the length of the photovoltaic panel and D is its width. The spring specifications can be selected according to the size of the photovoltaic panel, such as selecting suitable specifications with a total yield point of 4.13kg, 5kg, 10kg, 15kg, 50kg, 122kg, etc.

[0026] Studies show that in strong winds (above level 6), with wind speeds exceeding 10.8 m / s, the wind pressure on vertically suspended photovoltaic panels (perpendicular to the wind direction) exceeds 7.29 kg / m² (71.4 N / m²), with the crossbeams and stabilizers each bearing 50% of the wind pressure, or 35.7 N / m²; in strong winds (above level 5), with wind speeds exceeding 8 m / s, the wind pressure on vertically suspended photovoltaic panels exceeds 4 kg / m² (39.2 N / m²), with the crossbeams and stabilizers each bearing 50% of the wind pressure, or 19.6 N / m²; and in slightly stronger winds (above level 4), with wind speeds exceeding 5.5 m / s, the wind pressure on vertically suspended photovoltaic panels exceeds 1.89 kg / m² (18.5 N / m²), with the crossbeams and stabilizers each bearing 50% of the wind pressure, or 9.25 N / m².

[0027] To ensure the photovoltaic panel remains stable even in non-strong winds (below level 4, 5, or 6), the spring specifications are selected as follows: the total yield point of the springs used for a single photovoltaic panel ≥ C×D×9.25 N / m² (suitable for winds above level 4), preferably ≥ C×D×19.6 N / m² (suitable for winds above level 5), and more preferably ≥ C×D×35.7 N / m² (suitable for winds above level 6), where C is the length of the photovoltaic panel and D is the width of the photovoltaic panel. Similarly, if a weighted buffer mechanism or overload release device is used, the weight specifications are selected as follows: the total weight of the weights used for a single photovoltaic panel ≥ C×D×9.25 N / m² (suitable for winds above level 4), preferably ≥ C×D×19.6 N / m² (suitable for winds above level 5), and more preferably ≥ C×D×35.7 N / m² (suitable for winds above level 6). If the overload release device uses a permanent magnet, its total magnetic attraction force must meet the following requirements: ≥C×D×9.25N / m², preferably ≥C×D×19.6N / m², and more preferably ≥C×D×35.7N / m².

[0028] Preferably, the overload release device includes a spring, a limiting slide near the photovoltaic panel frame or lever (and fixed to the photovoltaic bracket), and a (flexible or rigid) limiting pull rope passing through (around or through) the limiting slide; the limiting pull rope on one side of the limiting slide is shorter, with the short section connected to the photovoltaic panel (directly or indirectly through the lever), and the limiting pull rope on the other side is longer, with the long section connected to the spring; in the absence of wind or with light wind (e.g., winds below level 5), the unstretched spring pulls the photovoltaic panel by the short section of the limiting pull rope to keep it stationary; when the wind blows the photovoltaic panel... When the generated tension exceeds the total yield point of the spring, the photovoltaic panel stretches the spring itself (at which point it can no longer hold). The elastic deformation of the stretched spring absorbs the kinetic energy of the photovoltaic panel, limits the swaying amplitude of the photovoltaic panel, and slows down the swaying speed, thus forming an automatic wind load overload protection system. The total yield point of the spring used for a single photovoltaic panel is ≥C×D×9.25N / m², preferably ≥C×D×19.6N / m², more preferably ≥C×D×35.7N / m², where C is the length of the photovoltaic panel and D is the width of the photovoltaic panel. The short section length is ≤240mm, preferably ≤120mm, more preferably ≤60mm, most preferably ≤30mm, and extremely preferably ≤15mm; the long section length is preferably ≤1.414 times the length of the support rod or the rod-to-cable spacing H. Because the limiting slider is close to the photovoltaic panel and the short section is short, it is easy to stabilize the photovoltaic panel in the absence of wind or light wind, making it easy to keep it completely still. Studies show that the closer the limiting slider is and the shorter the short section, the smaller the deformation, the greater the reaction force applied to the photovoltaic panel, the greater the limitation on the swaying amplitude, and the easier it is to remain stationary in calm or light wind conditions.

[0029] Preferably, the overload release device includes a weight (serving both buffering and limiting), a limiting slide near the photovoltaic panel frame or lever (fixed to the photovoltaic bracket), and a (flexible or rigid) limiting rope passing through (around or through) the limiting slide; the limiting rope on the upper side of the limiting slide is shorter, with the short section connected to the photovoltaic panel (directly or indirectly through the lever), while the limiting rope on the lower side is longer, with the long section suspending the weight; in the absence of wind or with a light wind, the stationary weight pulls on the photovoltaic panel through the short section of the limiting rope (at which point it can be pulled) to keep it stationary; when there is no wind or a light wind, the weight pulls on the photovoltaic panel through the short section of the limiting rope to keep it stationary; when there is wind... When the pulling force generated by the wind on the photovoltaic panel exceeds the weight of the object, the photovoltaic panel will pull up the object itself (though it cannot hold it at this point). The moving object then absorbs the kinetic energy of the photovoltaic panel, limiting its swaying amplitude and slowing its swaying speed, thus forming an automatic wind overload protection system. The total weight of the object used for a single photovoltaic panel must satisfy: ≥C×D×0.95kg / m², preferably ≥C×D×2kg / m², more preferably ≥C×D×3.65kg / m² (where C is the length of the photovoltaic panel and D is the width of the photovoltaic panel). The short section length is ≤240mm, preferably ≤120mm, more preferably ≤60mm, most preferably ≤30mm, and extremely preferably ≤15mm; the long section length is preferably ≤1.414 times the length of the support rod or the distance between the rods and cables H. Because the limiting slider is close and the short section is short, the photovoltaic panel is easily stabilized in the absence of wind or light wind, making it easy to keep it completely still.

[0030] Preferably, the limiting rope bends from the limiting slider and pulls the photovoltaic panel; in the absence of wind or with light wind, the weight of the load and the sliding friction between the limiting rope and the limiting slider work together to hold the photovoltaic panel still by pulling the short section of the limiting rope; when the pulling force generated by the wind on the photovoltaic panel is greater than the sum of the weight of the load and the sliding friction, the photovoltaic panel pulls up the load on its own, and the weight of the load and the sliding friction work together to absorb the kinetic energy of the photovoltaic panel, limit the swaying amplitude of the photovoltaic panel, and slow down the swaying speed of the photovoltaic panel, thus forming an automatic wind overload protection system.

[0031] Preferably, the limiting cord bends from the limiting slide and pulls the photovoltaic panel. In the absence of wind or with light wind, the tension of the unstretched spring, together with the sliding friction between the limiting cord and the limiting slide, pulls the photovoltaic panel to remain stationary through the short section of the limiting cord. When the tension generated by the wind blowing on the photovoltaic panel exceeds the sum of the total yield point of the spring and the sliding friction, the photovoltaic panel automatically pulls away from the spring, allowing the tension of the stretched spring and the sliding friction to work together to absorb the kinetic energy of the photovoltaic panel, limit the swaying amplitude of the photovoltaic panel, and slow down the swaying speed of the photovoltaic panel, thus forming an automatic wind overload protection system.

[0032] Preferably, the weight is pulled by two limiting ropes that turn around the limiting slider, pulling the same photovoltaic panel. The two long sections are combined into a single common long section, and the weight is suspended on the common long section. In the absence of wind or with light wind, the weight of the weight, together with the sliding friction between the limiting ropes and the limiting slider, pulls the photovoltaic panel to remain stationary through the short section of the limiting ropes. When the pulling force generated by the wind on the photovoltaic panel is greater than the sum of the weight of the weight and the sliding friction, the photovoltaic panel pulls up the weight itself, allowing the weight of the weight and the sliding friction to work together to absorb the kinetic energy of the photovoltaic panel, limit the swaying amplitude of the photovoltaic panel, and slow down the swaying speed of the photovoltaic panel, thus forming an automatic wind overload protection system. Preferably, the length of the combined common long section is between the panel length M + 2 × 2.236H and the panel length M + 2 × 1.41H.

[0033] The aforementioned overload automatic release device, which uses a limiting slider to divide the limiting rope into two segments of varying lengths, owes its core design advantage to the specific installation position of the limiting slider and the mechanical characteristics of the segmented rope: the limiting slider needs to be installed close to the photovoltaic panel, resulting in a shorter shorter segment and a relatively longer longer longer segment. Based on this short segment structure, the device can more stably constrain the photovoltaic panel's attitude in calm or light wind conditions. Specifically, in light winds, the rigid constraint of the shorter segment can quickly offset the slight impact of wind on the photovoltaic panel, preventing slight swaying and ensuring that the photovoltaic panel always maintains a sky-facing power generation posture. From a mechanical perspective, the rigidity and length of the limiting rope are significantly negatively correlated: under the same material and diameter, the shorter the shorter segment, the stronger its resistance to deformation (the stronger its rigidity), and the smaller the deformation under external forces. This high-rigidity short section provides a dual constraint on the photovoltaic panel: on the one hand, it provides continuous longitudinal tension in the vertical direction; on the other hand, it forms a reliable lateral anchor in the horizontal direction, limiting the swaying or torsion of the photovoltaic panel under light wind conditions. Its constraint effect closely resembles the "rigid anchoring" effect of rigid components like limit bolts on the photovoltaic panel. Therefore, this application vividly describes this constraint method as "pulling and anchoring the photovoltaic panel," accurately reflecting both the pulling nature of the limit rope and its near-rigid anchoring stability. In contrast, schemes without limit sliders (such as...) Figure 20 , 21As shown, due to its integral structure (without segmented design), the pull rope is relatively long and has weak rigidity. The constraint on the photovoltaic panel relies solely on the tension of the pull rope itself, lacking the reinforcing effect of a "short-segment rigid constraint." Even in light winds, the wind force can easily cause significant deformation of the integral pull rope, resulting in minimal limitation on the swaying amplitude of the photovoltaic panel. This not only makes it difficult to maintain a stationary position facing the sky but also affects the photovoltaic panel's light-receiving efficiency and reduces power generation stability. It is particularly important to emphasize that using a limiting slider brings significant added value in terms of "lightweight and low cost": since the short-segment high-rigidity constraint can effectively stabilize the photovoltaic panel's posture, there is no need to rely on the gravity traction of heavy objects or the strong tension constraint of high-yield-point springs. Specifically, the weight of the object can be reduced by 30%-50% compared to the solution without a limiting slider, and the yield point of the spring can be reduced by 20%-40%. This improvement directly reduces the additional load (weight of the object + spring tension) that the photovoltaic support needs to bear. It can not only reduce the structural strength design requirements of the support (such as by using lighter and thinner support profiles), but also reduce the amount of materials used and the procurement cost of the weight and springs. At the same time, it reduces the difficulty of hoisting the support during installation. It achieves comprehensive cost optimization from the three aspects of "material cost, processing cost and installation cost", which is more in line with the economic needs of industrial applications.

[0034] Preferably, the weight is connected to the long section of the limiting rope via a spring to buffer the impact of the weight on the limiting rope and the photovoltaic panel during (instantaneous) rapid swinging, so as to prevent the limiting rope from being torn and the photovoltaic panel from being damaged; preferably, the yield point of the spring is greater than or equal to the weight of the weight, and more preferably, the yield point of the spring is 1.5-6.5 times the weight of the weight.

[0035] Preferably, the non-fixed installation structure is a suspended connection structure, where the distance Y between the beam and the plate is approximately equal to the length of the short section of the limiting rope, with the length difference not exceeding ±50%Y. Studies show that this design, with a length difference not exceeding ±50%Y, ensures that the photovoltaic panels will only experience slight horizontal vibrations in light winds, rather than slight oscillations around the beam. Tests show that the change in the angle of sunlight incidence caused by the slight horizontal vibration of the photovoltaic panels is less than 1 degree, which can control the power loss due to light winds, which account for 60%-70% of the year, to within 0.02%. This effect is negligible in engineering practice and will hardly cause any fluctuations in power generation. Conversely, slight oscillations of the photovoltaic panels around the beam will cause slight changes in the angle of sunlight incidence, also leading to slight fluctuations in power generation and a decrease in system output power.

[0036] Ideally, the limiting slider should be a friction slider, with two limiting ropes turning around the friction slider. The longer section of the limiting rope suspends a weight or a tension spring, while the shorter section connects to the photovoltaic panel, so that the photovoltaic panel is simultaneously subjected to the opposing tension forces of the two shorter sections.

[0037] Preferably, the crossbeam is a load-bearing cable, and the photovoltaic support also includes a stabilizing cable. A strut is set at regular intervals between the load-bearing cable and the stabilizing cable (the two ends of the strut are connected to the load-bearing cable and the stabilizing cable respectively to maintain the spacing). The double-sided (≥80%) photovoltaic panels are vertically suspended on the load-bearing cable, maintaining a relatively static state with one side facing east and the other side facing west (facing the sky). It should be noted that the installation method of the photovoltaic panels with one side facing east and the other side facing west is also a way of facing the sky. Multiple photovoltaic panels are connected in series to form a photovoltaic power generation suspension cable. Each photovoltaic panel is an independent and separate structure without linkage connection, and can sway independently with strong winds (to avoid linkage / resonance damage to the photovoltaic support).

[0038] Preferably, the column, beam, photovoltaic panel, buffer mechanism and overload release device together constitute the photovoltaic sign structure.

[0039] Preferably, a certain distance K is spaced between two adjacent photovoltaic panels, where K is 0.1C-1C, so that a wind passage is formed between the two adjacent photovoltaic panels.

[0040] Preferably, the photovoltaic support is also equipped with irrigation pipes for irrigating, spraying pesticides and fertilizing the area below the photovoltaic panels.

[0041] Preferably, the photovoltaic panels are connected by a twistable and retractable electrical connection wire, including but not limited to U-shaped or spiral electrical connection wires, to accommodate the swaying motion of the photovoltaic panels and avoid breakage.

[0042] Preferably, the short section length of the limiting rope is ≤240mm, more preferably ≤120mm, more preferably ≤60mm, even more preferably ≤30mm, and most preferably ≤15mm; and / or, the long section length of the limiting rope is ≤2.236H, where H is the spacing between adjacent rods on the photovoltaic support. According to trigonometric relationships, this long section length is used to limit the sway angle of the photovoltaic panel to within 135 degrees.

[0043] Preferably, the distance between the limiting slider and the photovoltaic panel or lever is ≤240mm, more preferably ≤120mm, more preferably ≤60mm, even more preferably ≤30mm, and most preferably ≤15mm, in order to reduce the deformation effect of the short section of the limiting pull rope.

[0044] Preferably, the limiting slide and the spring are fixed together on the same stabilizing cable; the long section of the limiting pull rope passes through the limiting slide, turns towards the spring and connects to the spring, and the short section of the limiting pull rope passes through the limiting slide, turns towards the photovoltaic panel and connects to the photovoltaic panel (including indirect connection to the photovoltaic panel via a lever).

[0045] Preferably, the limiting slider is fixed to the stabilizing cable, the long section of the limiting pull rope passes through the limiting slider, turns to the spring and connects to one end of the spring, and the other end of the spring is fixed to the load-bearing cable, crossbeam, column or support rod.

[0046] Preferably, a buffer pad (made of elastic material such as rubber or sponge) is provided between the limiting slide and the heavy object to prevent the heavy object in strong wind from hitting the limiting slide when it is rapidly pulled up, thereby reducing the impact noise and vibration.

[0047] Preferably, the weight is placed on a guide rail or inside a protective cover to restrict the lateral movement of the weight and allow it to move only up and down, so as to prevent the weight from swaying in the wind and damaging other objects; the protective cover is preferably a mesh or hollow structure, which allows air circulation but restricts the lateral movement of the weight.

[0048] The term "beam" as used in this application generally refers to a horizontal beam or an inclined beam with a small angle of inclination (e.g., less than the local latitude + 15°), including ropes, steel strands, rods, pipes, etc. The term "column" as used in this application generally refers to a support structure with a certain height, such as high walls, high dams, high towers, bridge piers, earthen platforms, cliffs, etc.

[0049] The term "farmland" as used in this application refers to areas suitable for planting and raising livestock, including places where vegetables, flowers, medicinal herbs, trees, grass, and fish can be grown.

[0050] The term "spring" as used in this application refers to any elastic object, including rubber bands, elastic bands, and elastic steel sheets.

[0051] The overload release device is a commonly used protective device used to automatically release when the force exceeds a set value, protecting equipment or systems from damage caused by excessive pressure or load. The overload release device described in this application specifically refers to a device that releases the photovoltaic panels, allowing them to sway with the wind, when the wind force exceeds a preset level (such as level 3, 4, 5, or 6). Common types include: mechanical overload protectors (using mechanical springs or lever mechanisms, which tilt or disengage when the load exceeds the limit, used in industrial machinery, conveying equipment, etc.); overload clutches (disengaging when torque or force exceeds the range, protecting the drive system); overload protection switches (electronic or mechanically detecting the load, cutting off the circuit or triggering an alarm when the limit is exceeded); and hydraulic or pneumatic overload valves (opening to release pressure when the hydraulic or pneumatic system pressure exceeds the limit). In specific implementations, readily available devices can be used, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0052] The limiting sliding components mentioned in this application generally refer to pulleys, sliding rings, sliding holes, sliding gaps, sliding rods, etc., which can both allow the limiting pull rope to pass through without disengaging and allow it to move smoothly. Their function is to stabilize the limiting pull rope, and then stabilize the photovoltaic panel through a short section, so that it is not easy to sway in light winds.

[0053] The term "limiting rope" as used in this application refers to various flexible or rigid ropes, such as steel wire ropes, steel strips, chains, nylon ropes, and other ropes that are wear-resistant, water-resistant, sun-resistant, and durable.

[0054] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial technical effects.

[0055] Firstly, it exhibits excellent wind resistance due to its separate structure and lack of interconnection. The kinetic energy of a single photovoltaic panel's violent swaying will not be transferred to other panels. Each panel is subjected to multiple, multi-phase, and multi-directional strong winds, whose combined forces cancel each other out, making it difficult for them to superimpose (resonate) and enhance each other. This results in minimal destructive force on the system and extremely low wind resistance costs. It is worth emphasizing that this application includes... Figure 6 The innovative implementation plan of the "swaying wind-resistant" agricultural-solar complementary project shown has passed the field test of Super Typhoon Mangkhut (Category 17), the 11th typhoon of 2024. The "swaying wind-resistant" approach of this application adopts a dynamic-to-dynamic strategy, which is very different from the static-to-dynamic strategy of existing technologies, resulting in a significant difference in technical effect.

[0056] Secondly, it provides ventilation channels, resulting in lower wind resistance: It proposes spacing adjacent photovoltaic panels at a certain distance K to form an open ventilation channel, reducing system wind resistance. Compared to the current scheme where adjacent photovoltaic panels are closely connected, the ventilation channel design in this application has lower wind resistance and does not increase costs.

[0057] Third, it can withstand super typhoons during extraordinary periods (half a day during a once-in-a-decade event) and generate stable power under normal conditions (99.99% of the time), reducing wind resistance costs and hardware investment.

[0058] Fourthly, the overload automatic release device, composed of the limiting slider and the limiting rope, can automatically transfer the photovoltaic panel to the buffer mechanism after a strong wind to limit its sway amplitude and slow down its sway speed, thus automatically protecting the photovoltaic panel from damage caused by strong wind impact. This overload automatic release device forms a wind load overload automatic protection system that is low in cost, reliable, and durable.

[0059] Fifth, it can be widely applied to agricultural production and park flower cultivation. For example, a park in Lingao County, Hainan Province, will adopt the method outlined in this application. Figure 16 and 19 The technical solution achieves both stable photovoltaic power generation and agricultural irrigation, promoting agricultural production such as flowers. Attached Figure Description

[0060] Figure 1 The background technology is illustrated in the attached drawings of the specification "A Solar Photovoltaic Module Support for Fishery-Solar Complementary Technology (CN204498056U)". Figure 1 ".

[0061] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic power generation system with automatic wind load overload protection according to this application (Example 1).

[0062] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the relationship between the spring, the fusible limiting rope, and the heating element.

[0063] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the relationship between the fusible limiting rope and the heating element.

[0064] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship of the photovoltaic panel, crossbeam, stabilizer bar, lever, and limiting fuse rope in this application (Embodiment 2).

[0065] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A side view diagram of a type of fuse without a limiting cord.

[0066] Figure 7 This is a side view schematic diagram of a method of using a heavy object in this application (Embodiment 3).

[0067] Figure 8 This is a side view schematic diagram of a device using a limiting permanent magnet as described in this application (Example 4).

[0068] Figure 9 This is another structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system with automatic wind load overload protection according to this application (Example 5).

[0069] Figure 10 This is another structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system with automatic wind load overload protection according to this application (Example 6).

[0070] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between a beam and a photovoltaic panel.

[0071] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a rolling lifting ring structure with a large circle containing a smaller circle.

[0072] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between a photovoltaic panel and its adjacent panels.

[0073] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the positional relationship between the photovoltaic panel, spring, load-bearing cable (i.e., crossbeam), stabilizing cable (i.e., stabilizing rod), and limiting permanent magnet in this application (Example 7).

[0074] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the positional relationship between the photovoltaic panel, spring, load-bearing cable (i.e., crossbeam), stabilizing cable (i.e., stabilizing rod), and limiting slide in this application (Example 8).

[0075] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the positional relationship between the photovoltaic panel, spring, load-bearing cable (i.e., crossbeam), stabilizing cable (i.e., stabilizing rod), and limiting slide in this application (Example 9).

[0076] Figure 17This is a structural diagram illustrating the positional relationship between the photovoltaic panel, the weight, the load-bearing cable (i.e., the crossbeam), the stabilizing cable (i.e., the stabilizing rod), and the limiting slide in this application (Example 10).

[0077] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic stand, which consists of a photovoltaic panel, a spring, a crossbeam, and a limiting permanent magnet, as described in this application (Example 11).

[0078] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic stand, which consists of a photovoltaic panel, a spring, a crossbeam, and a limiting slide, as described in this application (Example XII).

[0079] Figure 20 This is a structural diagram of an undesirable infinite sliding component design.

[0080] Figure 21 This is a structural diagram of another undesirable infinite sliding component design.

[0081] Figure 22 This is another structural schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the photovoltaic panel, the weight, the load-bearing cable (i.e., the crossbeam), the stabilizing cable (i.e., the stabilizing rod), and the limiting slide in this application (Example 10).

[0082] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship of the photovoltaic panel, spring, load-bearing cable, stabilizing cable, limiting slide, and limiting rope in this application (Example 13).

[0083] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship of the photovoltaic panel, spring, load-bearing cable, stabilizing cable, limiting slide, and limiting pull rope in this application (Example 13).

[0084] Figure 25 for Figure 22 A schematic diagram of a photovoltaic power generation suspension cable formed by connecting multiple photovoltaic units in series.

[0085] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic stand, which consists of a photovoltaic panel, a weight, a crossbeam, and a limiting slide, as described in this application (Example 16).

[0086] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic stand, which consists of a photovoltaic panel, a weight, a crossbeam, and a limiting slide, as described in this application (Example XV).

[0087] Figure 28 for Figure 17 A schematic diagram of a structure with a spring added between the weight and the long section of the (limiting rope).

[0088] Figure 29 This is a schematic diagram of a structure that uses steel wire ropes to suspend and connect photovoltaic panels.

[0089] Explanation of icon numbers: 1-Column (also called pole), 2-Spring, 3-Photovoltaic panel, 4-Lever, 5-Stabilizer bar, 6-Crossbeam, 7-Limiting fuse rope, 8-Heating element, 9-Electrical connection wire, 10-Saddle, 11-Limiting bolt, 12-Electrical device, 13-Wind sensor, 14-Limiting permanent magnet, 15-Limiting overload self-breaking rope, 16-Crowbar, 17-Weight, 18-Fulcrum, 19-Support rod, 20-Lifting ring, 21-Clamping sleeve, 22-Gap, 23-Photovoltaic sign, 24-Elastic pad, 25-Limiting pull rope, 26-Limiting slider, 27-Clamping spring bolt, 28-(Limiting pull rope) short section, 29-(Limiting pull rope) long section, 30-Friction slider, 31-Irrigation pipe, 32-Buffer pad, 33-Slip ring (can also be a bearing), 34-Wire rope. Detailed Implementation

[0090] To make the technical means, creative features, purpose and effects of this application easier to understand, they will be further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0091] In the description of this application, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the accompanying drawings, and are used only for ease of description and simplification. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, and therefore do not constitute a limitation.

[0092] It should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated and limited, the terms “installation,” “connection,” “connection,” etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, “connection” can refer to electrical connection or direct connection, and the specific meaning can be determined by those skilled in the art based on the actual situation.

[0093] Example 1.

[0094] like Figure 2 As shown, a photovoltaic support system consisting of column 1, crossbeam 6, and stabilizer 5 is assembled on the ground.

[0095] Photovoltaic panels 3 are placed on the crossbeam 6 of the photovoltaic support at intervals of a certain distance K.

[0096] Levers 4 are installed at both the top and bottom of the photovoltaic panel 3. A spring 2 with a yield point of 4.13-122 kgf is connected to the lower end of each lever 4. The spring 2 and lever 4 pull the photovoltaic panel 3 onto the stabilizing rod 5, allowing the photovoltaic panel 3 to be mounted on the photovoltaic support via a non-fixed installation structure (such as bearing connection, straddle connection, hinge connection, etc.). This allows it to sway relative to the support beam during strong winds, reducing the windward area, expanding the wind passage, reducing wind impact, and improving the system's wind resistance. In calm or light wind conditions, the photovoltaic panel 3 remains relatively stationary, facing the sky (optimal tilt angle), under the action of the spring 2, receiving sunlight to generate electricity.

[0097] The aforementioned lever 4, stabilizer 5, and spring 2 constitute a buffer mechanism. During strong winds, the mechanism absorbs kinetic energy through elasticity, reducing the swaying amplitude and speed of the photovoltaic panel 3, preventing excessive stress damage, and automatically resetting after strong winds.

[0098] It is advisable, such as Figure 3 , 4 As shown, a limiting fuse rope 7 with a melting point of 150 degrees Celsius is threaded through the spring 2 and tied to the heating element 8, such as the heating wire. The heating wire is then tied to the stabilizing rod 5. When there is no wind or the wind is weak, the limiting fuse rope 7 (overload release device) acts as a limiter, confining the photovoltaic panel 3 to a stationary state facing the sky (optimal tilt angle) to generate electricity. Finally, each heating element 8 is connected to the central control room with wires.

[0099] Before a strong typhoon strikes, the control room can automatically close the circuit breaker, causing the heating element 8 to heat up and melt the limit fuse rope 7. The photovoltaic panel 3 can then sway with the wind, reducing the windward area, expanding the wind passage, reducing the direct impact of wind, and improving the system's wind resistance. In this way, an automatic overload release device is formed, creating an automatic wind load overload protection system.

[0100] The drawback of the above solution is that the limiting fuse 7 needs to be replaced manually after a typhoon, but super typhoons usually occur only once every ten years, so the replacement frequency is low.

[0101] The limiting fuse rope 7 can be made of fusible polymers such as polypropylene and polypropylene.

[0102] Example 2.

[0103] like Figure 5 As shown, the assembly includes a flexible photovoltaic support system comprising a crossbeam 6 (such as a steel cable) and a stabilizer bar 5.

[0104] Photovoltaic panels 3 are placed on the crossbeam 6 at intervals of a certain distance K. Preferably, the long side of the photovoltaic panel 3 is parallel to the crossbeam 6 (and the wide side is perpendicular to the crossbeam 6) to reduce the stress generated by wind.

[0105] Levers 4 are installed on both sides of the photovoltaic panel 3. A spring 2 with a yield point of 4.13-122 kgf is connected to the lower end of each lever 4. The photovoltaic panel 3 is pulled onto a stabilizing rod 5 (or directly onto a stabilizing cable at the same or slightly lower height) via the springs 2 and levers 4. This allows the photovoltaic panel 3 to be mounted on a support frame via a non-fixed installation structure (such as bearing connection, straddle connection, hinge connection, or hanging connection), allowing it to sway relative to the support frame during strong winds. This reduces the windward area, expands the wind passage, reduces wind impact, and improves wind resistance. In calm or light wind conditions, the photovoltaic panel 3 remains stationary facing the sky (optimal tilt angle) under the action of the springs 2, ensuring stable power generation.

[0106] The aforementioned lever 4, stabilizer 5, and spring 2 constitute a buffer mechanism. In strong winds, the elasticity absorbs kinetic energy, reduces the swaying amplitude and speed, avoids damage, and automatically resets.

[0107] Alternatively, a self-breaking rope 15 (which breaks if the tension exceeds 12.26 kg) can be threaded through the spring 2 and attached to the stabilizer bar 5. In the absence of wind or with light wind, the self-breaking rope 15 will limit the photovoltaic panel 3 to remain stationary for power generation.

[0108] When a strong typhoon strikes, the tension of the photovoltaic panel 3 and the lever 4 (greater than 12.26 kg) breaks the limit overload self-breaking rope 15. The photovoltaic panel 3 can sway with the wind, dynamically adjust the windward area and expand the wind passage, reduce the wind impact and improve the wind resistance performance. In this way, an overload automatic release device is formed, which is a wind load overload automatic protection system.

[0109] The breaking strength of the limit overload self-breaking rope 15 or the yield point of the spring 2 can be selected from specifications such as 4.13kg, 5kg, 10kg, 15kg, 50kg, and 122kg, based on the plate width D, plate length C, pole length B, wind resistance level test or experience, and no post-disaster tie rope is required.

[0110] Preferred options Figure 6 As shown, the photovoltaic panel 3 is mounted on the same crossbeam 6 via the movable saddle 10. One end of the lever 4 is fixed to the photovoltaic panel 3 and the other end is fixed to the stabilizer 5. The photovoltaic panel 3 is held in place by the lever 4 and the high yield point (tensile force > 12.26 kg) spring 2, so that it remains stationary. In strong winds, each panel can swing around the crossbeam 6, reducing the windward area, expanding the wind passage, reducing the direct impact of wind force, and improving wind resistance.

[0111] The preferred ratio of lever length B to photovoltaic panel width D is B / D ≥ 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 10; the preferred ratio of lever length B to the maximum working length L of the spring is B / L ≥ 1.5, 3, or 6, to limit the sway amplitude. The longer lever 4 (the larger the B / D ratio), the easier it is to stabilize photovoltaic panel 3 with small tension through leverage action. The preferred lever length B is 1-2m.

[0112] Preferred options Figure 11 , 13 As shown, the area of ​​the photovoltaic panel 3 on one side of the beam 6 is larger than that on the other side, forming an asymmetrical structure to ensure that it sways with the wind (the side with the smaller area can approach zero). Conversely, if the areas on both sides are equal, "static wind resistance" may be formed instantly, leading to excessive stress and damage.

[0113] Example 3.

[0114] like Figure 7As shown in the second embodiment, the overload release device includes a weight 17 (which serves as both a buffer and a limiter). When there is no wind or the wind is weak, the weight 17 presses down (or pulls) the photovoltaic panel 3 using a pry bar 16, which is connected to a fulcrum 18 at one end and a lever 4 at the other, thus keeping it stationary. In strong winds, the pulling force of the photovoltaic panel 3 lifts the weight 17 (e.g., by prying or pushing it to make it roll down), and the spring 2 automatically takes over, limiting the swaying amplitude and slowing the swaying speed. This reduces the windward area, expands the wind passage, reduces the direct impact of wind, and improves wind resistance. In this way, an automatic overload release device is constructed, forming an automatic wind load overload protection system.

[0115] The weight of the weight 17 can be selected from specifications such as 1kg, 3kg, 5kg, 10kg, 15kg, 50kg, and 122kg, based on the board width D, board length C, pole length B, wind resistance level test or experience.

[0116] Example 4.

[0117] like Figure 8 As shown in the reference embodiment 3, a set of limiting permanent magnets 14 with a magnetic attraction force of 12.26 kg is connected in parallel next to the spring 2. When there is no wind or the wind is not strong, the limiting permanent magnets 14 limit the photovoltaic panel 3 to a stationary state facing the sky (optimal tilt angle) to generate electricity.

[0118] When a strong typhoon strikes, the pulling force (>12.26 kg) generated by the photovoltaic panel 3 and lever 4 breaks free from the limiting permanent magnet 14, allowing the photovoltaic panel 3 to sway with the wind, reducing the windward area, expanding the wind passage, reducing the direct impact of wind force, and improving wind resistance. In this way, an overload automatic release device is formed, creating an automatic wind load overload protection system.

[0119] The magnetic attraction force of the limiting permanent magnet 14 can be selected from specifications such as 1kg, 3kg, 5kg, 10kg, 15kg, 50kg, and 122kg, based on the plate width D, plate length C, rod length B, wind resistance level test or experience.

[0120] Example 5.

[0121] like Figure 9 As shown, referring to embodiments one to four, the stabilizing rod 5 is replaced with a rotatable shaft, a limit bolt 11 is installed on the shaft, the electric device 12 is connected to the rotatable shaft, and the limit bolt 11 is used to block each photovoltaic panel 3.

[0122] Alternatively, spring 2 can be used to pull the photovoltaic panel 3 onto the rotating shaft.

[0123] Ideally, a wind power intelligent monitoring system with a wind sensor 13 and remote control technology should be adopted to intelligently manage overload release devices such as limit bolts 11. In extreme weather, the devices should automatically open, releasing the photovoltaic panels 3 to sway with the strong wind, reducing wind resistance and the risk of damage. The intelligent overload release device can be an electrical control system such as a motor, electromagnet, or electronic lock.

[0124] During normal periods (when there is no wind or the wind is weak), the limit bolt 11 (equivalent to a locking tongue) holds the photovoltaic panel 3 at a preset tilt angle φ=90 degrees (vertical installation), preventing it from swaying with light winds and maintaining stable power generation. When strong winds (such as level 12 or above) occur, the smart device or manual operation activates the switch, which drives the limit bolt 11 to move away via the electric device 12, releasing the photovoltaic panel 3 to swing. This tilting reduces the windward area, expands the wind passage, reduces the direct impact of wind, and improves the system's wind resistance. In this way, an automatic overload release device is formed, creating an automatic wind load overload protection system. The limit bolt 11 mentioned in this application refers to any component that can hold the photovoltaic panel 3 to maintain stability.

[0125] Example 6.

[0126] like Figure 10 As shown, a photovoltaic support system consisting of a column 1 and a crossbeam 6 is assembled on the ground. The photovoltaic panel 3 is installed on the crossbeam 6, and the crossbeam 6 is installed on the support system by means of a rotating shaft, so that the photovoltaic panel 3 and the crossbeam 6 swing together around the axis.

[0127] Photovoltaic panels 3 are fixed at intervals K on the crossbeam 6.

[0128] The crossbeam 6 serves as a pivot, allowing it to rotate relative to the column 1. A lever 4 is installed at one end of the pivot, with springs 2 connected to both ends of the lever 4. The lever 4 and the high-yield-point springs 2 hold the column 1 in place, enabling the photovoltaic panel 3 to be mounted on the support via a non-fixed installation structure. This allows the panel to sway with the wind during strong winds, reducing the windward area, expanding the wind passage, mitigating wind impact, and improving wind resistance. When there is no wind or the wind is weak, the photovoltaic panel 3 remains stationary, facing the sky (optimal tilt angle), receiving sunlight to generate electricity. This constitutes an automatic overload release device, forming an automatic wind load overload protection system.

[0129] The yield point of the spring 2 mentioned above can be selected from specifications such as 5kg, 10kg, 15kg, 30kg, 50kg, and 122kg, and is selected based on the plate width D, plate length C, rod length B, wind resistance level test or experience, without the need for post-disaster tie ropes.

[0130] It should be noted that lever 4, beam 6, column 1, spring 2, and photovoltaic panel 3 together constitute a buffer mechanism. In strong winds, the mechanism absorbs and slows down the swaying amplitude and speed through elasticity, preventing damage and automatically restoring the whole structure.

[0131] Example 7.

[0132] like Figure 14 As shown, a steel stranded cable is used as a crossbeam 6 that also serves as a load-bearing cable and a stabilizing cable as a stabilizing rod 5 to vertically suspend the double-sided photovoltaic panel 3 (preferably via a lifting ring 20 and a clamp sleeve 21) so that it remains relatively static with one side facing east and the other side facing west (or facing the sky).

[0133] That is, the crossbeam 6 is the load-bearing cable, the stabilizer 5 is the stabilizer cable, and the two are provided with a support rod 19 at a certain distance (to keep the spacing stable and avoid changes in the short section 28 that could cause changes in the overload preset level). The photovoltaic panel 3 with a double-sided ratio of ≥80% (preferably suspended by the lifting ring 20 and the clamp sleeve 21) is vertically suspended on the load-bearing cable, keeping it in a static state with one side facing east and the other side facing west. The photovoltaic panel 3 is a separate structure without linkage connection, and can sway with strong winds.

[0134] An overload automatic release device with a 0.10-15mm (preferably self-opening and closing) gap 22 is assembled using a limiting permanent magnet 14, an elastic pad 24 (such as a telescopic base), a lever 4, and a support rod 19. In strong winds, the photovoltaic panel 3 sways to break free from the magnetic attraction, opening the gap 22 to avoid collision; in light winds, it is attracted by the magnetic attraction, closing the gap 22 to stabilize the photovoltaic panel 3. Experiments show that without the overload release device, the spring 2 has difficulty stabilizing the photovoltaic panel 3 in winds of force 3-6, resulting in a decrease in output power.

[0135] It is advisable, such as Figure 12 As shown, the lifting ring 20 is preferably a rolling friction type lifting ring 20 with a large circle sleeve and a small circle structure, whose inner diameter is much larger than the outer diameter of the beam shaft, such as the clamp sleeve 21, so that the swinging is rolling friction rather than sliding friction, thus avoiding noise.

[0136] Example 8.

[0137] like Figure 15 As shown, based on Embodiment 7, the overload release device is replaced by a spring 2 (preferably with a yield point of 4.13-30 kg and a maximum working length L preferably shorter than 1.414 times the length of the strut 19) horizontally mounted on the stabilizing cable, a limiting slide 26 (such as a slip ring or pulley to prevent the limiting rope 25 from running around) fixed to the stabilizing cable (stabilizing rod 5) near the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel 3 with a clamp, and a flexible limiting rope 25 (such as a steel wire rope) that bends after passing through the limiting slide 26. The short section 28 on the left side of the limiting slide 26 is connected to the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel 3, and the length of the short section 28 is <240 mm, preferably <120 mm, more preferably <60 mm, most preferably <30 mm, and extremely preferably <15 mm; the long section 29 on the right side is preferably ≤1.414 times the rod-to-cable spacing H (limiting the swing angle to ≤90 degrees to avoid breaking the electrical connection line 9 during rotation), and after turning to the right, it is horizontally connected to one end of the spring 2, and the other end of the spring 2 is fixed to the stabilizing cable with a clamp spring bolt 27.

[0138] Preferably, the spring 2 specification follows: yield point ≥ C×D×9.25N / m², preferably ≥ C×D×19.6N / m², and more preferably ≥ C×D×35.7N / m² (C is the length of the photovoltaic panel, and D is the width).

[0139] In the absence of wind or with a light breeze, the unstretched spring 2 holds the photovoltaic panel 3 stationary; in strong winds, the photovoltaic panel 3 releases the spring 2, reducing the amplitude and speed of swaying. In this way, an automatic overload release device is formed, creating an automatic wind load overload protection system.

[0140] In this example, because the limiting slider 26 is close and the short section 28 is short, and the limiting pull rope 25 bends from the slider to increase the friction contact surface and resistance, it is easy to stabilize the photovoltaic panel 3 and keep it stationary in calm or light wind conditions. Studies show that the shorter the short section 28, the stronger its rigidity and the smaller its deformation. It exerts both longitudinal tension and lateral fixing force on the photovoltaic panel 3, acting as a rigid bolt closer to the limiting bolt 11. At this point, the resultant force of the tension of the unstretched spring 2 and the frictional resistance is greater than the wind force that initiates the swaying, making it easier to pull and secure the photovoltaic panel 3. Therefore, this application figuratively refers to this as pulling and securing the photovoltaic panel 3. Conversely, Figure 20 The solution without a sliding contact is prone to causing the photovoltaic panel 3 to sway in light winds, making it unable to generate electricity stably and resulting in a significant drop in output power.

[0141] Example 9.

[0142] like Figure 16 As shown, based on Embodiment 8, the overload release device is replaced by a spring 2 (preferably with a yield point of 4.13-30 kg and a maximum working length L preferably shorter than 1.414 times the length of the support rod 19) vertically installed between the stabilizing cable (stabilizing rod 5) and the irrigation water pipe 31, a limiting slide 26 (slip ring) fixed to the upper stabilizing cable (stabilizing rod 5) near the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel 3 with a clamp, and a flexible limiting pull rope 25 (such as a steel wire rope) passing through the limiting slide 26. The upper short section 28 of the limiting slide 26 is connected to the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel 3, and the length of the short section 28 is <240 mm, preferably <120 mm, more preferably <60 mm, most preferably <30 mm, or even close to zero; the lower long section 29 is preferably ≤1.414 times the rod-cable spacing H (limiting the swing angle ≤90 degrees to avoid breaking the electrical connection line 9 during rotation), connected to the upper end of the spring 2, and the lower end of the spring 2 is fixed to the lower stabilizing cable.

[0143] In calm or light wind conditions, the tension of the unstretched spring 2 is greater than the wind force that initiates the swaying motion, holding the photovoltaic panel 3 still. In strong winds, the wind automatically pulls the spring 2 open, reducing the swaying amplitude and speed. This constitutes an automatic overload release device, forming an automatic wind load overload protection system.

[0144] In this example, because the limiting slider 26 is close and the short section 28 is short, it is easy to stabilize the photovoltaic panel 3 and keep it stationary in calm or light winds. Studies show that the shorter the short section 28, the stronger its rigidity and the smaller its deformation. It exerts both longitudinal tension and lateral fixing force on the photovoltaic panel 3, acting as a rigid bolt closer to the limiting bolt 11. At this point, the tension of the unstretched spring 2 is greater than the wind force that initiates the swaying motion, making it easier to pull and secure the photovoltaic panel 3. Therefore, this application figuratively refers to this as pulling and securing the photovoltaic panel 3. Conversely, Figure 20 The solution with unlimited sliding parts is difficult to keep the photovoltaic panel 3 stationary in light winds.

[0145] In this example, the irrigation pipe 31 on the photovoltaic support also serves as the stabilizing rod 5, achieving functional integration, reducing costs, and increasing the irrigation function of farmland.

[0146] Example 10.

[0147] like Figure 17 As shown, based on Embodiment 8, the overload release device is replaced by a vertically suspended weight 17 (weighing 4.13-30 kg), a limiting slide 26 (slip ring) fixed to the stabilizing cable (stabilizing rod 5) near the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel 3 with a clamp, and a limiting pull rope 25 (such as a steel wire rope) passing through the limiting slide 26. The upper short section 28 of the limiting slide 26 is connected to the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel 3, and the length of the short section 28 is <240 mm, preferably <120 mm, more preferably <60 mm, and most preferably <30 mm; the lower long section 29 suspends the weight 17, and the long section 29 is preferably ≤2.236 times the rod-to-cable spacing H (limiting the swing angle to ≤135 degrees to avoid breaking the electrical connection line 9 during rotation).

[0148] Preferably, the weight 17 specifications should follow the following: the total weight of a single photovoltaic panel ≥ C×D×9.25N / m², preferably ≥ C×D×19.6N / m², and more preferably ≥ C×D×35.7N / m², where C is the length of the photovoltaic panel and D is the width.

[0149] It is advisable, such as Figure 28 As shown, the weight 17 is connected to the long section 29 via the spring 2 to buffer the impact of the weight 17 during rapid swinging, so as to prevent the limit rope 25 from being torn off and the photovoltaic panel 3 from being damaged; preferably, the yield point of the spring 2 is greater than or equal to the weight of the weight 17, and more preferably, the yield point of the spring 2 is 1.5-6.5 times the weight of the weight 17.

[0150] When there is no wind or a light wind, the weight of the object 17 is greater than the wind force that starts the swaying, thus holding the photovoltaic panel 3 still; when there is a strong wind, the wind force is greater than the weight of the object 17, thus lifting the object 17 and reducing the swaying amplitude and speed.

[0151] In this example, because the limiting slider 26 is close and the short segment 28 is short, the photovoltaic panel 3 is easily stabilized and kept stationary in calm or light wind conditions. Research shows that the closer the limiting slider 26 is and the shorter the short segment 28 is, the smaller the deformation and the easier it is to remain stationary in calm or light wind conditions. Conversely, similar to... Figure 21 The technical solution shown, which uses only weights for cushioning without stabilizing cables or infinitely adjustable sliders, struggles to keep the photovoltaic panel 3 stationary even in light winds. Those skilled in photovoltaic power generation know that when multiple photovoltaic panels 3 connected in series or parallel sway randomly in a light breeze under bright sunlight, the output power drops significantly due to the coupling effect of circuit characteristics and dynamic lighting conditions. In summary, similar to... Figure 21 The technical solution shown, which uses only heavy objects for cushioning without a stabilizing cable or infinite sliding mechanism, is undesirable and has no practical value.

[0152] In this example, the photovoltaic panel 3 can sit on the load-bearing cable at the local optimal tilt angle. The stabilizing cable can be installed at the same height as or slightly lower than the photovoltaic panel 3. The photovoltaic panel 3 is pulled on the stabilizing cable and kept stationary by the weight 17, the limiting slide 26 and the limiting pull rope 25.

[0153] It is worth mentioning that, such as Figure 22 As shown, a weight 17 and two limiting ropes 25 are used to pull the same photovoltaic panel 3. The two long sections 29 are combined into a single common section, and the weight 17 is suspended in the middle of the common section (the limiting ropes 25 are spaced 0.3-1 times the panel length M). The greater the swing amplitude of the photovoltaic panel 3, the higher the weight 17 is pulled up, and the greater the pulling force. This method can achieve the effect of a heavier weight with a lighter weight 17, reducing the load on the support structure and lowering costs; it also increases the swing freedom of the weight 17, avoiding adjacent collisions; and it balances the forces on the photovoltaic panel 3, preventing twisting.

[0154] Ideally, the combined length of the shared long section should be between the plate length M+2×2.236H and the plate length M+2×1.41H, which meets the requirement of a swing angle of 135 degrees to 90 degrees.

[0155] Ideally, the weight 17 should be shaped like an art piece, such as a lantern or mascot, to balance practicality and aesthetics.

[0156] Preferably, the weight 17 is connected to the common long section via the spring 2 to buffer the impact of the weight 17 during rapid swinging, so as to prevent the limit rope 25 from being torn off and the photovoltaic panel 3 from being damaged.

[0157] It is preferable to combine multiple Figure 22 The photovoltaic units shown are installed on the same set of load-bearing cables and stabilizing cables to form a complete photovoltaic system. Figure 25 The photovoltaic power generation suspension cable shown is low in cost and can replace the more expensive photovoltaic power generation suspension cable in the "High-altitude Photovoltaic Power Generation Method for Farmland (CN117792235B)".

[0158] Ideally, adjacent photovoltaic panels 3 should be connected by a U-shaped or spiral electrical connection wire 9 that can be twisted and stretched to avoid tearing or rubbing the connection wire during asynchronous swaying.

[0159] It is advisable, such as Figure 29 As shown, it is best to use steel wire rope 34 to suspend and connect the photovoltaic panel 3. For example, one end of the steel wire rope 34 is tied to a steel strand and the other end is tied to the frame of the photovoltaic panel 3. This solution eliminates the need for the suspension slip ring 20 and its clamp sleeve 21, saving 6-7 yuan per photovoltaic panel 3. Studies show that the beam-plate distance Y of the suspension connection structure such as steel wire rope 34 or chain is ≤200mm, preferably ≤100mm, more preferably ≤50mm, further preferably ≤25mm, and most preferably ≤12.5mm. The beam-plate distance Y is the distance from the photovoltaic panel 3 to the crossbeam 6, and is referred to here as beam-plate distance Y.

[0160] Preferably, the distance Y between the beam and the suspension connection structure is approximately equal to or close to the length of the short segment 28 of the limiting rope 25, and the length difference should preferably not exceed ±50%Y. Studies show that with this design, the photovoltaic panel 3 will only vibrate slightly in light winds, not sway slightly. Tests show that the change in the angle of sunlight incidence caused by the slight vibration of the photovoltaic panel 3 is less than 1 degree, resulting in a power generation loss of less than 0.02%. This effect is negligible in engineering practice and will hardly cause any fluctuations in power generation. Conversely, the slight sway of the photovoltaic panel 3 will cause a slight change in the angle of sunlight incidence, which will also cause slight fluctuations in power generation, leading to a decrease in system output power.

[0161] Example 11.

[0162] like Figure 18 As shown, a photovoltaic signboard 23 is constructed using two PHC precast concrete pipe piles (columns 1) with a diameter of 300mm and 5 meters above ground (3 meters buried in the soil), four steel pipe beams 6 with a diameter of 80mm, and double-sided photovoltaic panels 3. For example, four 1134mm×1720mm double-sided photovoltaic panels 3 (preferably suspended by lifting rings 20) are vertically suspended on the beams 6 and pulled by springs 2 to the beams 6 below, which also serve as stabilizing rods 5, so that they remain relatively stationary with one side facing east and the other side facing west (towards the sky).

[0163] An overload release device with a 0.10-15mm (preferably self-opening and closing) gap 22 is assembled using a limiting permanent magnet 14, a spring 2, and a crossbeam 6 that also serves as a stabilizing rod 5. When the photovoltaic panel 3 sways, the limiting permanent magnet 14 avoids collision due to the gap 22. Tests show that without the overload release device, the spring 2 has difficulty stabilizing the photovoltaic panel 3 in winds of force 3-6, resulting in a decrease in output power.

[0164] Preferably, the specifications of the limiting permanent magnet 14 are as follows: magnetic attraction force ≥ C×D×9.25N / m², preferably ≥ C×D×19.6N / m², and more preferably ≥ C×D×35.7N / m² (C is the length of the photovoltaic panel and D is the width).

[0165] Compared to the "Photovoltaic Pole Unit J" in the "Interlocking Photovoltaic-Agricultural Complementary Method (CN120074337A)" (which does not use a buffer mechanism and overload release device), a 500mm diameter PHC pipe pile is required under a Category 12 typhoon. According to current market prices, a 500mm diameter PHC pipe pile (including labor and materials) costs 230 yuan per meter, and a 300mm diameter pile costs 105 yuan per meter. This application, by adopting a buffer mechanism and overload release device, reduces the cost of pole 1 by 54%, resulting in significant savings.

[0166] In summary, the preferred embodiment of the automatic wind load overload protection photovoltaic power generation method of this application is as follows: the column 1, the crossbeam 6, the photovoltaic panel 3, the buffer mechanism containing the spring 2, and the overload release device containing the limiting permanent magnet 14 together constitute the low-cost photovoltaic sign 23 structure of the column 1. This photovoltaic sign 23 can replace the existing tree-planted windbreak belts and can also be widely used in the middle of roads, on both sides of roads, or at the edge of highway service areas.

[0167] Example 12.

[0168] like Figure 19 As shown in Examples 9 and 11, a photovoltaic signboard 23 is constructed using two PHC precast concrete pipe piles (columns 1) 5 meters above ground (3 meters buried in the soil) with a diameter of 300 mm, four steel pipe beams 6 with a diameter of 80 mm, and double-sided photovoltaic panels 3. For example, four 1134 mm × 1720 mm double-sided photovoltaic panels 3 (preferably suspended by lifting rings 20) are vertically suspended on the beams 6 and pulled to the beams 6 below, which also serve as stabilizing rods 5, by springs 2, limiting ropes 25, and limiting sliding parts 26 (such as pulleys or sliding rings), so that they remain in a relatively static state with one side facing east and the other side facing west (facing the sky).

[0169] In calm or light wind conditions, spring 2 holds the photovoltaic panel 3 stationary; in strong winds, the photovoltaic panel 3 automatically releases spring 2, reducing the amplitude and speed of swaying. This constitutes an automatic overload release device, forming an automatic wind load overload protection system.

[0170] In this example, because the limiting slider 26 is close and the short section 28 is short, and the limiting pull rope 25 increases the friction contact surface and resistance by turning from the slider, the photovoltaic panel 3 is easily stabilized and kept still in calm or light wind conditions. Studies show that the closer the limiting slider 26 is, the shorter the short section 28 is, and the larger the turn, the easier it is to keep the panel stationary in calm or light wind conditions.

[0171] Compared to the "photovoltaic sign unit J" in the "interlocking photovoltaic complementary method (CN120074337A)" (which does not use a buffer mechanism and overload release device), a 500mm diameter PHC pipe pile is required under a Category 12 typhoon. Based on current market prices, the cost of the column 1 in this application is reduced by 54%, resulting in significant savings.

[0172] In summary, the preferred embodiment of this application is as follows: the column 1, the crossbeam 6, the photovoltaic panel 3, the buffer mechanism including the spring 2, and the overload release device including the limiting slide 26 and the limiting pull rope 25 together constitute the low-cost photovoltaic sign 23 structure of the column 1.

[0173] Example 13.

[0174] like Figure 23 As shown, based on Embodiment 10, a limiting slider 26 fixed to the stabilizing cable (stabilizing rod 5) and close to the photovoltaic panel 3 is provided, which is a friction slider 30 with a rough surface (high frictional resistance and large diameter). Two limiting ropes 25 are bent and wrapped around the friction slider 30 to expand the frictional contact surface and increase the resistance. The long section 29 of the limiting rope 25 suspends the weight 17 (or the tension spring 2), and the short section 28 (length <60mm) is connected to the photovoltaic panel 3, so that the photovoltaic panel 3 is simultaneously subjected to the opposing pulling forces of the two short sections 28 (the resultant force of the sliding frictional resistance of the friction slider 30 and the limiting rope 25 + the weight of the weight 17 / the elastic force of the spring 2).

[0175] It is preferable to provide an elastic element such as a buffer pad 32 (e.g., a rubber washer strung on the limit rope 25) between the friction slide 30 and the weight 17 to prevent the weight 17 from being pulled up rapidly in strong winds and impacting the friction slide 30, thereby reducing impact noise and vibration.

[0176] When there is no wind or a light wind, the wind force that initiates the swaying is less than the tension of the limit rope 25, and the two limit ropes 25 pull the photovoltaic panel 3 from both sides of the friction slider 30 to keep it stationary; when there is a strong wind, the swaying wind force is greater than the tension, and the photovoltaic panel 3 overcomes the frictional resistance and gravity to lift the weight 17, thereby reducing the swaying amplitude and speed.

[0177] Example 14.

[0178] like Figure 24As shown, based on Embodiment Thirteen, the arc surface of the stabilizing cable (stabilizing rod 5) is directly used as the friction slider 30 (special limiting slider 26) with a rough surface (high frictional resistance); the limiting rope 25 bends around the stabilizing cable to expand the frictional contact surface and increase resistance. The long section 29 of the limiting rope 25 suspends the weight 17 (or the tension spring 2), and the short section 28 (nearly zero length) connects to the lever 4. The lever 4 connects to the photovoltaic panel 3, so that the photovoltaic panel 3 is subjected to the opposing pulling forces of the two short sections 28 (the sliding frictional resistance of the friction slider 30 and the limiting rope 25 + the weight of the weight 17 / the elastic force of the spring 2). In this way, the photovoltaic panel 3 can be guaranteed to remain stationary in light winds.

[0179] Example 15.

[0180] like Figure 27 As shown, a photovoltaic signboard 23 is constructed using two PHC precast concrete pipe piles (columns 1) with a diameter of 300mm and 5 meters above ground (3 meters buried in the soil), four steel pipe beams 6 with a diameter of 80mm, and four double-sided photovoltaic panels 3. For example, four 1134mm×1720mm photovoltaic panels 3 (preferably suspended by lifting rings 20) are vertically suspended on the beams 6 and pulled to the lower beams 6 by weights 17, limiting ropes 25, and limiting slides 26, so that they are kept in a relatively static state with one side facing east and the other side facing west (facing the sky).

[0181] When there is no wind or a light wind, the wind force that initiates the swing is less than the resultant force of the weight 17 and the frictional resistance of the limiting rope 25, thus holding the photovoltaic panel 3 still. When there is a strong wind, the wind force that initiates the swing is greater than this resultant force, and the photovoltaic panel 3 pulls up the weight 17, automatically handing over the resultant force of the weight 17 in the moving state and the frictional resistance to limit the swing amplitude and slow down the speed.

[0182] In this example, because the limiting slider 26 is close and the short segment 28 is short, and the limiting pull rope 25 increases the friction contact surface and resistance by turning from the slider, the photovoltaic panel 3 is easily stabilized and kept stationary in calm or light wind conditions. Studies show that the closer the limiting slider 26 is, the shorter the short segment 28 is, and the larger the turn, the easier it is to keep the panel stationary in calm or light wind conditions. The length of the short segment 28 is ≤240mm, preferably ≤120mm, more preferably ≤60mm, most preferably ≤30mm, extremely preferably ≤15mm, and even close to zero.

[0183] Preferably, the heavy object 17 is hidden inside a protective cover such as a PHC pipe pile, and the limiting rope 25 extends out of the protective cover to pull the photovoltaic panel 3, which can prevent the heavy object 17 from being blown and swayed by the wind, and also avoid its accidental fall and injury.

[0184] Example 16.

[0185] like Figure 26As shown, a photovoltaic signboard 23 is constructed using two steel pipes (columns 1) 5 meters above ground (2 meters buried in the ground) with a diameter of 120 mm, four steel pipe beams 6 with a diameter of 60 mm, and four double-sided photovoltaic panels 3. For example, four photovoltaic panels 3 of 1134 mm × 1720 mm are vertically installed on the left column 1 through slip rings 33, and then pulled to the lower beams 6 by weights 17, limiting ropes 25, and limiting sliders 26, so that they are kept in a relatively static state with one side facing east and the other side facing west (facing the sky).

[0186] When there is no wind or a light wind, the wind force that initiates the swing is less than the resultant force of the weight of the object 17 and the frictional resistance of the limiting rope 25, which can hold the photovoltaic panel 3 still. When there is a strong wind, the wind force that initiates the swing is greater than this resultant force, and the photovoltaic panel 3 can lift the object 17. The swing amplitude is automatically limited and the speed is reduced by the resultant force of the weight of the moving object 17 and the frictional resistance.

[0187] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application. The accompanying drawings are schematic diagrams and are not drawn to scale; they should not be used to limit the scope of this application. Equivalent variations based on the claims of this application still fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic power generation system with automatic wind load overload protection, comprising a photovoltaic support structure with columns and beams and photovoltaic panels, characterized in that: ① The photovoltaic panel is mounted on the photovoltaic support through a non-fixed installation structure. This non-fixed installation structure allows the photovoltaic panel to sway relative to the photovoltaic support when encountering strong winds. In this way, the windward area of ​​the photovoltaic panel is dynamically adjusted, the wind passage is expanded, and the impact of wind on the photovoltaic panel is reduced. ②The photovoltaic panel remains relatively stationary facing the sky when there is no wind or a light wind, so as to receive sunlight and generate electricity; ③ The photovoltaic panel is equipped with an overload release device; in the absence of wind or with light wind, it is used to restrict the photovoltaic panel to a relatively static state facing the sky; in the event of strong wind, it is used to automatically release the photovoltaic panel, allowing it to sway freely with the wind, so as to automatically protect against wind load overload and prevent the photovoltaic panel from being blown away.

2. The automatic wind load overload protection photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overload release device is selected from any one of the following ①-⑤: ①The overload release device includes a limiting permanent magnet. In the absence of wind or with a light wind, the limiting permanent magnet holds the photovoltaic panel in place and restricts it to a relatively static state. When encountering strong winds, the pulling force generated by the wind blowing the photovoltaic panel breaks free from the magnetic restriction, allowing the photovoltaic panel to regain the freedom to sway with the wind. ②The overload release device includes a limit bolt and its electric device. In the absence of wind or light wind, the limit bolt secures the photovoltaic panel and restricts it to a relatively static state. In the event of strong wind, the electric device is automatically activated to remove the limit bolt, allowing the photovoltaic panel to break free of the restriction and regain its freedom to sway with the wind. ③The overload release device includes a limiting fuse rope and its heating element; in the absence of wind or light wind, the photovoltaic panel is tied to the limiting fuse rope and restricted to a relatively static state; when encountering strong wind, the heating element is automatically connected to heat the limiting fuse rope, causing the rope to melt and allowing the photovoltaic panel to break free of the restriction and regain its freedom to sway with the wind. ④ The overload release device includes a limit overload self-breaking rope. In the absence of wind or light wind, the limit overload self-breaking rope binds the photovoltaic panel and restricts it to a relatively static state. When encountering strong wind, the tension generated by the wind blowing the photovoltaic panel breaks the limit overload self-breaking rope, allowing the photovoltaic panel to regain the freedom to sway with the wind. ⑤ The overload release device includes a limiting weight. In the absence of wind or with a light wind, the limiting weight presses down on the photovoltaic panel and restricts it to a relatively static state. When encountering strong winds, the pulling force generated by the wind blowing the photovoltaic panel moves the limiting weight away, allowing the photovoltaic panel to regain its freedom to sway with the wind.

3. The automatic wind load overload protection photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The columns, beams, photovoltaic panels, and overload release device together constitute the photovoltaic signboard structure.

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