A multi-stage guide body integrated forming device and process

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of metal extrusion forming technology and discloses a multi-stage guide body integrated forming device and process. It adopts a fixed flow guide die and forming die in combination with a movable core die and back pressure die to form an extrusion forming cavity. The core die and back pressure die extrude the billet so that the bottom of the billet fills the cavity of the flow guide die to form the flow guide part. The middle and upper part of the billet is upset and filled with the forming die to form the connecting part and the loading part. Finally, the core die extrudes the center position of the top of the fully upset billet to form the hollow structure of the loading part. By filling the third cavity with high-pressure liquid, a non-rigid support environment is formed around the billet to prevent instability that is prone to occur during the deformation of the billet under pressure. It can form an integrated multi-stage guide body with short process and high precision, realize near-net-shape forming with little or no cutting, greatly improve material utilization, high forming efficiency, and good microstructure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of metal extrusion forming technology, specifically a multi-stage guide body integrated forming device and process. Background Technology

[0002] like Figure 1 The multi-stage guide body shown is a key component in cargo-carrying flight, consisting of a loading section, a guide section, and a connecting section. The loading section's longitudinal profile features multi-stage curves, reducing air resistance during flight. The loading section contains a cavity for loading propellant, and its top is used to mount the propellant firing device. The guide section consists of multiple circumferentially distributed fins for stabilizing the multi-stage guide body's flight attitude. The connecting section is located between the loading and guide sections, making the three parts a single integrated structure. This multi-stage guide body features a complex structure with varying diameters and irregular shapes. Currently, multi-stage guide bodies are often manufactured using integral casting or segmented welding methods. However, cast products have coarse microstructures and are prone to shrinkage cavities, resulting in reduced mechanical and corrosion resistance. Welded products not only have low production efficiency but also exhibit inconsistent product quality and a high defect rate.

[0003] Extrusion molding technology offers advantages such as high production efficiency, one-piece molding, and near-equal material manufacturing, and holds promise for the preparation of multi-stage guide bodies. However, multi-stage guide bodies have complex shapes and numerous forming features, with a large axial length ratio between the loading section and the guiding section. This leads to instability of the loading section during billet deformation and difficulty in demolding the guiding section after molding. Therefore, there is an urgent need to invent a simple multi-stage guide body forming device and method to achieve efficient manufacturing with high material utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a multi-stage guide body integrated forming device and process. During the forming process, a fixed-position guide mold and forming mold cooperate with a moving core mold and back pressure mold to form an extrusion forming cavity. The core mold and back pressure mold extrude the blank, causing the bottom of the blank to fill the cavity of the guide mold to form the guide section, while the upper part of the blank is upset to fill the forming mold to form the connecting section and loading section. Finally, the core mold extrudes the center of the fully upset blank to form the hollow structure of the loading section. By filling the third cavity with high-pressure liquid, a non-rigid support environment is created around the blank, preventing instability that easily occurs when the blank is deformed under pressure. This allows for the short-process, high-precision forming of an integrated multi-stage guide body, achieving near-net-shape forming with minimal or no machining, significantly improving material utilization, and resulting in high forming efficiency and good microstructure.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A multi-stage guide body integral forming device is used for integral extrusion forming of a multi-stage guide body. The multi-stage guide body consists of an internally hollow loading part, a solid connecting part, and a flow guiding part with multiple fins on the outside. The integral forming device includes:

[0007] A flow guide mold is embedded in the top surface of the worktable. The flow guide mold has a first cavity for forming the flow guide part.

[0008] A forming mold, comprising several forming half-molds that are movably disposed on the top surface of the worktable and can be opened and closed relative to each other;

[0009] The forming mold has a third cavity and a second cavity connected to the first cavity, which are used to form the connecting part and the loading part. The first cavity, the second cavity and the third cavity constitute the forming cavity.

[0010] An opening and closing drive mechanism is located on the side of the top surface of the worktable to drive the forming half mold to move horizontally;

[0011] The core mold is fixedly set on the bottom surface of the pressure plate and suspended directly above the forming mold, and is used to form the internal hollow of the loading part;

[0012] A back pressure mold is movably sleeved on the outside of the core mold. The back pressure mold can be inserted into the third cavity, and the outer wall of the back pressure mold slides against the inner wall of the third cavity. A liquid filling hole is provided on one side of the bottom surface of the back pressure mold, and the top of the liquid filling hole is connected to an external high-pressure liquid supply system.

[0013] The ejector mold is movably disposed within the worktable, with its top end fixedly connected to the bottom of the guide mold, and its bottom end connected to the output shaft end of the first hydraulic cylinder below the worktable.

[0014] Preferably, a clamping mold that can be sleeved on the outside of the forming mold is connected to the bottom surface of the pressure plate.

[0015] Preferably, the outer surface of the forming mold is a conical surface, the inner wall of the clamping mold is an inner conical surface that matches the conical surface, and the top surface of the clamping mold and the bottom surface of the pressure plate are movably connected by a first elastic component.

[0016] Preferably, the top surface of the back pressure mold and the bottom surface of the pressure plate are movably connected by a second elastic component.

[0017] Preferably, the bottom surface of the forming half mold is slidably connected to the top surface of the worktable by a horizontally arranged guide component, and a third elastic component parallel to the guide component is provided between the two forming half molds.

[0018] Preferably, the opening and closing drive mechanism includes a first linear output power device fixedly disposed on the top surface of the worktable and a fourth connector disposed on the displacement output end of the first linear output power device, wherein the fourth connector is detachably connected to the side of the forming half mold.

[0019] Preferably, each of the forming half-molds is provided with a semi-spiral heating coil, and after the two forming half-molds are joined together, the semi-spiral heating coils on both sides form a complete spiral heating coil.

[0020] Preferably, the workbench is provided with a plurality of movable pads located on the bottom side of the guide mold, and a second linear output power device is connected to the side of the movable pads away from the guide mold, and a swing output power device located below the workbench is connected to the bottom end of the ejector mold.

[0021] Preferably, a sealing structure is provided between the outer wall of the back pressure mold and the inner wall of the forming mold, between the outer wall of the core mold and the inner wall of the back pressure mold, and between the two forming half molds.

[0022] A multi-stage guide body integral forming process is also provided, applied to the multi-stage guide body integral forming device as described above, including the following steps:

[0023] (1) Initially reset the equipment and place the billet vertically inside the guide mold;

[0024] (2) The two forming half molds are joined together to form a forming mold. The core mold and the back pressure mold move down synchronously and abut against the top of the blank, and the forming cavity is sealed.

[0025] (3) The core mold and the back pressure mold continue to descend synchronously, the billet is initially upset and filled into the second cavity, and the first cavity is isolated from the third cavity;

[0026] (4) The third type of cavity is filled with high-pressure liquid;

[0027] (5) The core mold and the back pressure mold continue to descend synchronously. The blank is gradually pressed down and filled into the first cavity to form the guide part, and then it is upset to fill the third cavity. During this process, the high pressure liquid is gradually discharged from the forming cavity.

[0028] (6) The core mold continues to descend and is inserted into the blank to form the loading part. The blank outside the core mold flows upward, and the back pressure mold moves upward synchronously with the blank and provides back pressure.

[0029] (7) After the forming is completed, the core mold and the back pressure mold move upwards and reset in sequence;

[0030] (8) The two forming half molds separate, and the ejector mold rises to eject the formed part.

[0031] Preferably, in step (4), after the third cavity is filled with high-pressure liquid, the bottom surface of the back pressure mold is flush with the bottom surface of the core mold.

[0032] Preferably, the blank is heated after step (2) and before step (8) to improve its forming performance.

[0033] Preferably, after step (7) and before step (8), the guide mold is driven downward by the ejector mold to separate the formed part from the guide mold, and then the horizontal angle of the guide mold is adjusted so that the formed fins are misaligned with the corresponding forming cavities.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0035] 1. In the forming process, the present invention uses a fixed-position guide mold and forming mold in conjunction with a movable core mold and back pressure mold to form an extrusion forming cavity. The core mold and back pressure mold extrude the blank so that the bottom of the blank fills the cavity of the guide mold to form the guide part, the middle and upper part of the blank is upset and filled with the forming mold to form the connecting part and the loading part, and finally the core mold extrudes the center position of the top of the completely upset blank to form the hollow structure of the loading part. It can form an integrated multi-stage guide body with short process and high precision, realize near net forming with less and no cutting, greatly improve material utilization, high forming efficiency, good microstructure and properties, avoid the welding stress concentration problem of welding forming, reduce the risk of cracking, and also avoid the problems of coarse microstructure and easy shrinkage cavity of casting forming.

[0036] 2. The present invention employs a dual-action die consisting of a back pressure die and a core die. During the extrusion forming of the loading section, the core die descends to extrude the top center of the blank to form a hollow structure, while the extruded material flows outward and is then extruded upward to form the top sidewall. The back pressure die rises synchronously with the top of the growing sidewall to provide back pressure, which ensures that the top of the sidewall is always in the same horizontal plane, making the shaping more accurate.

[0037] 3. This invention, by filling the third cavity with high-pressure liquid, creates a non-rigid support environment around the billet, effectively preventing instability that easily occurs during the deformation of the billet under pressure. At the same time, the non-rigid high-pressure liquid support force and the rigid mandrel extrusion force work together to ensure that the billet preferentially fills the guide mold and is then fully upset, thus ensuring the integrity and density of the fin structure formation. Meanwhile, during the upsetting process of the billet under pressure, the high-pressure liquid is gradually discharged out of the forming cavity. After the upsetting is complete, the high-pressure liquid is also basically completely discharged, ensuring a stable and consistent pressure environment throughout the forming process.

[0038] 4. This invention achieves demolding separation between the guide mold and the guide part of the formed workpiece by setting the first hydraulic cylinder to drive the guide mold to move vertically downward. By switching the horizontal angle and posture of the guide mold through the swing output power device, the projection positions of the fin cavity and the formed fin structure in the horizontal plane are staggered. The two forming half molds separate to complete the demolding of the main part of the formed workpiece. Then, the first hydraulic cylinder drives the guide mold to move vertically upward to reset and ejects the formed workpiece onto the top surface of the worktable for unloading. Demolding is convenient and efficient.

[0039] 5. This invention sets the clamping mold, back pressure mold, and core mold on the same pressure plate, and uses elastic components to limit the vertical position of the clamping mold and back pressure mold, thereby achieving stepped feed control. The forming process can be realized on a conventional unidirectional press without the need for multiple forming drive power sources. The device has a simple structure and low manufacturing and usage costs. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the molded part manufactured by the integral molding device and process in the embodiment;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the multi-stage guide body integral forming device of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the multi-stage guide body integral forming device of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the flow guide module and the worktable described in the embodiment;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the ejector mold and the first hydraulic cylinder described in the embodiment;

[0045] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the swing output power device described in the embodiment;

[0046] Figure 7 This is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the forming mold described in the embodiment;

[0047] Figure 8 This is the second three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the forming mold described in the embodiment;

[0048] Figure 9 This is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the forming half-mold described in the embodiments;

[0049] Figure 10 This is the second three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the forming half-mold described in the embodiment;

[0050] Figure 11This is one of the schematic diagrams showing the assembly structure of the forming half-mold and the worktable in the embodiment;

[0051] Figure 12 This is the second schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the forming half-mold and the worktable described in the embodiment;

[0052] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the clamping mold and the pressure plate described in the embodiment;

[0053] Figure 14 This is one of the schematic diagrams showing the assembly structure of the back pressure mold, core mold, and pressure plate described in the embodiment;

[0054] Figure 15 This is the second schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the back pressure mold, core mold, and pressure plate described in the embodiment;

[0055] Figure 16 This is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the forming half-mold described in another embodiment;

[0056] Figure 17 This is a second three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the forming half-mold described in another embodiment;

[0057] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the forming half-mold described in another embodiment.

[0058] In the diagram: 1. Workbench; 101. Guide groove; 2. Pressure plate; 3. Flow guide mold; 4. Forming mold; 401. Forming half mold; 4011. Inner mold body; 4012. Outer mold body; 4013. Spiral groove; 402. Guide slider; 403. Third elastic component; 5. Back pressure mold; 6. Core mold; 7. Ejector mold; 8. First hydraulic cylinder; 801. Mounting bracket; 9. Moving pad; 10. Second linear output power device; 11. Bottom cover plate; 111. Arc-shaped slot; 12. Second connecting piece; 13. Swing output power device; 131. Cylinder; 132. Third connecting piece; 133. Connecting column; 134. Push rod; 14. Opening and closing drive mechanism; 141. First linear output power device; 142. Fourth connecting piece; 143. Connecting accessory; 15. Tightening mold; 16. First elastic component; 161. Second guide post; 162. First compression spring; 17. Second elastic component; 171. Third guide post; 172. Second compression spring; 18. Filling hole; 19. High-pressure liquid supply system; 20. Semi-spiral heating coil; 21. Sealing strip; 22. First sealing ring; 100. Column; 200. Top beam plate; 300. Main pressure cylinder; 400. First connecting piece; 500. First guide post. Detailed Implementation

[0059] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby providing a clearer and more explicit definition of the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "installed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or it may be in a component that is centered on it. When a component is said to be "set on" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or it may also be in a component that is centered on it. When a component is said to be "fixed to" another component, it can be directly fixed to the other component or it may also be in a component that is centered on it.

[0061] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "or / and" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, a cylindrical rod-shaped billet is extruded downwards and integrally formed into a multi-stage guide body. The multi-stage guide body consists of an internally hollow loading part (segment a shown in the figure), a solid connecting part (segment b shown in the figure), and a flow guiding part with multiple fins on the outside (segment c shown in the figure). The flow guiding part is formed by pressing down the bottom part of the billet and filling the mold cavity. The connecting part is formed by pressing down the lower part of the billet and upsetting it to fill the mold cavity. The loading part is formed by pressing down the upper part of the billet and upsetting it to fill the mold cavity, and then the outer part is extruded upwards in the opposite direction.

[0063] This invention provides a multi-stage guide body integral forming device for integral forming of the aforementioned multi-stage guide body. Accordingly, based on the structural division of the three sections of the multi-stage guide body, the specific mold design of this application is as follows: it consists of a flow guiding mold 3, a forming mold 4, a back pressure mold 5, and a core mold 6. The flow guiding mold 3 is located at the bottom of the forming mold 4, which is formed by the mating of two relatively openable forming half-molds 401. The back pressure mold 5 is disposed within the top port of the forming mold 4, and the core mold 6 is coaxially disposed within the back pressure mold 5. The flow guiding mold 3 has a first cavity for forming the flow guiding portion of the multi-stage guide body, which includes a central circular cavity and multiple uniformly radially distributed fin cavities disposed on its circumferential outer side and connected to it. The forming mold 4 has a third cavity for forming the loading portion of the multi-stage guide body and a second cavity for forming the connecting portion of the multi-stage guide body and connected to the first cavity. The first cavity, the second cavity, and the third cavity are connected to form the forming cavity of the multi-stage guide body.

[0064] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the integrated molding device includes a worktable 1 and a pressure plate 2. The worktable 1 is fixedly installed in the middle of the column 100, serving as the basic structure for mold installation and support. The pressure plate 2 serves as the basic structure for the installation and stroke positioning of the pressure mold during the entire molding process. A top beam plate 200 is welded and fixed to the top of the column 100. A main pressure cylinder 300 is fixedly installed at the center of the top surface of the top beam plate 200. The output shaft end of the main pressure cylinder 300 moves through the top beam plate 200 to directly above the worktable 1, and a first connecting piece 400 is sleeved on the outer side of the output shaft end. The first connecting piece 400 is fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the main pressure cylinder 300 by a horizontally inserted pin. The bottom outer side of the first connecting piece 400 is provided with a flange structure, which is fixedly connected to the top surface of the pressure plate 2 by bolts. The main pressure cylinder 300 is a constant-speed extension hydraulic cylinder controlled by a flow control valve or a servo system. Thus, the main pressure cylinder 300 can drive the pressure plate 2 to move vertically and position itself, thereby providing stable downward pressure to the mold blank below to complete the forming process. Multiple symmetrically distributed first guide columns 500 are fixedly (welded) on the top surface of the pressure plate 2. The top of the first guide column 500 is movably inserted into a linear bearing fixedly embedded in the top beam plate 200 to guide the vertical movement of the pressure plate 2. The main pressure cylinder 300, column 100 and top beam plate 200 and other structures can use existing hydraulic forming equipment and the equipment's matching control system. By modifying or adding the control logic program of other working components, the motion logic control of each functional component of this device can be realized.

[0065] like Figure 4As shown, a groove matching the cross-sectional profile of the guide mold 3 is provided at the center of the top surface of the workbench 1. The guide mold 3 is embedded in the top surface of the workbench 1, making the edge of the top surface of the guide mold 3 flush with the top surface of the workbench 1. The center of the top surface of the guide mold 3 is a hollow frustum-shaped structure, and the fin cavity extends through the conical surface. To facilitate automatic demolding after forming, preferably, the groove of the workbench 1 is a through-groove structure. The guide mold 3 can move vertically downwards within the groove to separate from the formed guide part, and after separation, it can move vertically upwards to return to its original position. A coaxial ejector mold 7 is welded to the center of the bottom surface of the guide mold 3. A first hydraulic cylinder 8 is fixedly installed below the workbench 1. The output shaft end of the first hydraulic cylinder 8 is connected to the bottom end of the ejector mold 7, so that the guide mold 3 can be driven to move vertically up and down within the groove through the first hydraulic cylinder 8. To ensure the vertical position of the guide mold 3 within the groove is fixed throughout the extrusion molding process, in this embodiment, a further preferred embodiment features a groove at the bottom of the worktable 1. Multiple movable pads 9 located on the bottom side of the guide mold 3 are disposed within the groove. A second linear output power device 10 is connected to the side of each movable pad 9 furthest from the guide mold 3. In this embodiment, two movable pads 9 are symmetrically distributed, with their front and rear sides sliding against the front and rear inner walls of the groove, respectively. The second linear output power device 10 employs a miniature hydraulic cylinder. A bottom cover plate 11 located below the groove is fixedly embedded in the bottom surface of the worktable 1. A mounting bracket 801 is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the bottom cover plate 11, and the first hydraulic cylinder 8 is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the mounting bracket 801. The ejector mold 7 movably passes through the bottom cover plate 11. An arc-shaped groove with a radius larger than the radius of the ejector mold 7 is provided on the side of the movable pad 9 closest to the ejector mold 7.

[0066] Thus, when the output shaft of the micro hydraulic cylinder extends, it pushes the two moving pads 9 closer together and positioned below the guide mold 3, locking the vertical position of the guide mold 3. At this time, the ejector mold 7 is located in the arc-shaped groove on the side of the moving pad 9, and the moving pad 9 will not interfere with the vertical movement or circumferential rotation of the ejector mold 7. When the output shaft of the micro hydraulic cylinder retracts, it pulls the two moving pads 9 away from each other, causing the bottom of the guide mold 3 to be suspended. At this time, the telescopic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 8 retracts, and the guide mold 3 can be pulled vertically downward through the ejector mold 7, thereby completing the demolding process between the guide mold 3 and the formed guide part. After demolding, the telescopic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 8 extends, and the guide mold 3 can be pushed vertically upward to reset through the ejector mold 7.

[0067] Obviously, the second linear output power device 10 includes, but is not limited to, the miniature hydraulic cylinder in this embodiment. It can also be a linear output mechanism such as a cylinder, an electric push rod, or a linear module. It can also be a power drive device that converts the rotational motion of the drive motor into linear reciprocating motion output by means of a cam push rod transmission mechanism, a gear and rack transmission mechanism, a crank connecting rod transmission mechanism, etc.

[0068] Further preferably, to ensure that the formed workpiece is ejected upwards during the upward repositioning process of the guide mold 3 after demolding from the already formed guide portion, facilitating unloading, it is necessary to prevent the formed fin structure from re-entering the fin cavity of the guide mold 3. Therefore, the guide mold 3 needs to be rotated circumferentially by a certain angle before repositioning, so that the projection positions of the fin cavity and the formed fin structure on the horizontal plane do not coincide. At this time, the top of the guide mold 3 supports the bottom surface of the formed guide portion. After the guide mold 3 repositions until its top edge is flush with the top surface of the worktable 1, the formed workpiece is completely positioned above the top surface of the worktable 1. In this embodiment, to achieve the above function, the bottom end of the ejector mold 7 is rotatably connected to the output shaft end of the first hydraulic cylinder 8 through the second connector 12. Specifically, as shown in the figure... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the output shaft end of the first hydraulic cylinder 8 has an annular connecting groove. The second connecting member 12 consists of two halves arranged opposite each other to form an annular sleeve structure. The upper parts of the two halves are respectively fixed to the bottom end of the ejector mold 7 by screws. The bottom end of the annular sleeve structure is movably fastened to the outside of the annular connecting groove, allowing the second connecting member 12 and the output shaft of the first hydraulic cylinder 8 to rotate relative to each other. Obviously, the rotational connection between the output shaft of the first hydraulic cylinder 8 and the ejector mold 7 includes, but is not limited to, the connection form of the second connecting member 12 described above.

[0069] To achieve circumferential angle adjustment of the guide mold 3, the bottom end of the ejector mold 7 is connected to a swing output power device 13 located below the worktable 1, and the outer surface of the guide mold 3 is cylindrical. For example... Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the swing output power device 13 includes a cylinder 131 fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the bottom cover plate 11 and a third connecting member 132 fixedly connected to the bottom end of the ejector mold 7. Specifically, the main body of the third connecting member 132 is a sleeve structure, which is sleeved on the outside of the ejector mold 7 and fixed by screws. An extension plate is integrally provided on one side of the sleeve structure, and a connecting post 133 is fixedly provided on the inner side of the end of the extension plate. A push rod 134 with a "T" structure is fixedly connected to the output end of the cylinder 131. The end of the push rod 134 away from the cylinder 131 has an oblong groove that is perpendicular to the length direction of the push rod 134, and the connecting post 133 is located in the oblong groove. Thus, when the telescopic rod of cylinder 131 drives push rod 134 to move horizontally to achieve position switching, push rod 134 can drive third connecting piece 132 to swing through connecting column 133, and then drive guide mold 3 to swing back and forth through ejector mold 7 to achieve angle adjustment, thereby switching between forming position and ejection position.

[0070] During the demolding and resetting process of the flow guide mold 3, the third connecting piece 132 and the connecting pillar 133 will move vertically synchronously. To prevent the connecting pillar 133 from coming out of the waist-shaped groove, it is necessary to ensure that the connecting pillar 133 has sufficient length. At the same time, to meet the requirements of compact structure, an arc-shaped slot 111 is provided on the bottom surface of the bottom cover plate 11. The arc-shaped slot 111 is consistent with the movement trajectory of the connecting pillar 133, and the end of the connecting pillar 133 is movably disposed in the arc-shaped slot 111. Meanwhile, when the flow guide mold 3 is in the resetting forming position, the top of the connecting pillar 133 is at its highest position. At this time, the top of the connecting pillar 133 will at most slide in contact with the bottom surface of the moving pad 9, so that there is no interference between their movements.

[0071] Obviously, the swing output power device 13 includes, but is not limited to, the cylinder drive and crank-slider transmission drive devices used in this embodiment. The drive mechanism can also be an angle output power device such as a servo motor, stepper motor, servo motor, or swing cylinder. Alternatively, a transmission mechanism that converts the output of the power source into the end swing output, such as a gear pair transmission, gear rack transmission, or cam push rod mechanism, can be reasonably combined with the linear output or angle output power device to achieve the same function.

[0072] like Figures 7 to 10 As shown, the forming mold 4 is formed by the mating of two relatively openable forming half-molds 401. Semi-forming cavities are formed on the mating sides of the forming half-molds 401. After the two forming half-molds 401 are mated, the two semi-forming cavities mate to form the aforementioned second and third forming cavities. The center of the bottom surface of the forming mold 4 is an inner conical surface that matches the curved surface of the top truncated cone of the guide mold 3. To achieve the relative opening and closing of the two forming half-molds 401, an opening and closing drive mechanism 14 for driving the horizontal movement of the forming half-molds 401 is provided on the side of the top surface of the worktable 1. Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the opening and closing drive mechanism 14 includes a first linear output power device 141 fixedly installed at the center of the top end of the workbench 1 and a fourth connecting member 142 disposed on the displacement output end of the first linear output power device 141. The fourth connecting member 142 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the corresponding forming half mold 401. Thus, by the two first linear output power devices 141 simultaneously pushing the two forming half molds 401 closer to each other to achieve the engagement process, and simultaneously pulling the two forming half molds 401 away from each other to achieve the separation process. In this embodiment, the first linear output power device 141 is a hydraulic cylinder, which ensures that the two forming half molds 401 engage quickly and accurately while avoiding rigid transmission.

[0073] Preferably, the bottom surface of the forming half mold 401 and the top surface of the worktable 1 are slidably connected by a horizontally arranged guide assembly. In this embodiment, the guide assembly includes guide grooves 101 (such as dovetail grooves) formed on both sides of the top surface of the worktable 1 and arranged parallel to the displacement output direction of the first linear output power device 141, and guide sliders 402 fixedly connected to both sides of the bottom surface of the forming half mold 401 and slidably engaged with the guide grooves 101. The horizontal movement of the two forming half molds 401 is guided by the cooperation of the guide sliders 402 and the guide grooves 101. A third elastic component 403 (such as a nitrogen spring) is fixedly arranged on the mating surface of one of the forming half molds 401 and arranged parallel to the guide assembly. During the mating process of the two forming half molds 401, the free end of the third elastic component 403 abuts against the mating surface of the other forming half mold 401, which plays a buffering role in the mating of the two forming half molds 401, and at the same time provides a reverse thrust during the mold opening process after forming, which plays an auxiliary role in mold opening.

[0074] Obviously, the first linear output power device 141 can also adopt other displacement drive mechanisms with linear displacement output, such as linear modules, electric push rods, etc., or drive devices that convert rotational output into reciprocating linear output through gear and rack transmission, cam push rod transmission mechanisms, etc. Meanwhile, the guide components include, but are not limited to, the slide block structure and corresponding positional layout of this embodiment.

[0075] To ensure that the forming mold 4 formed by the two forming half molds 401 remain in a fixed position during subsequent extrusion forming, in this embodiment, preferably, a clamping mold 15 is connected to the bottom surface of the pressure plate 2, which can be sleeved on the outside of the forming mold 4. The clamping mold 15 is a cylindrical sleeve structure. After the two forming half molds 401 are engaged, the main pressure cylinder 300 drives the pressure plate 2 downward, so that the clamping mold 15 is sleeved on the outside of the forming mold 4 from top to bottom, thereby restricting the horizontal movement freedom of the forming half molds 401. More preferably, the outer surface of the forming mold 4 is a conical surface, and the inner wall of the clamping mold 15 is an inner conical surface that matches the conical surface. In this way, it is not only convenient for the clamping mold 15 to be smoothly sleeved on the outside of the forming mold 4, but also the wedge-shaped structure between the conical surfaces can decompose the vertical force applied by the pressure plate 2 to the clamping mold 15 into a horizontal radial force towards the axis, further ensuring the tightness of the engagement of the two forming half molds 401.

[0076] To ensure that the vertical position of the clamping mold 15 remains unchanged after it is fitted with the forming mold 4, and to prevent the pressure plate 2 from continuing to descend so as to drive the back pressure mold 5 and the core mold 6 to descend and complete the subsequent extrusion forming process, the top surface of the clamping mold 15 and the bottom surface of the pressure plate 2 are movably connected by the first elastic component 16. Specifically, as shown... Figure 13As shown, the first elastic component 16 includes a plurality of second guide posts 161 vertically fixed on the top surface of the clamping mold 15 and a first compression spring 162 sleeved on the outside of each second guide post 161. The top end of the second guide post 161 moves through the pressure plate 2, guiding the vertical movement of the clamping mold 15 and keeping the first compression spring 162 in its deformation direction. After the clamping mold 15 is fully sleeved on the forming mold 4, its vertical position no longer changes. As the pressure plate 2 continues to descend, the first compression spring 162 is gradually compressed and stores energy. Its deformation force acts on the surface of the clamping mold 15 and continues to increase. That is, this force is positively correlated with the process of the pressure plate 2 continuing to press down to complete the extrusion forming, which can effectively ensure the binding effect of the clamping mold 15 on the forming mold 4.

[0077] To ensure that the circumferential binding force of the clamping mold 15 on the forming mold 4 is evenly distributed and covers the entire height area of ​​the outer surface of the forming mold 4 as completely as possible, in this embodiment, preferably, the aforementioned fourth connecting member 142 and the side of the forming half mold 401 are detachably connected. Specifically, after the first linear output power device 141 pushes the two forming half molds 401 to engage with each other through the fourth connecting member 142, the clamping mold 15 begins to descend and fastens onto the outside of the forming mold 4. Before the clamping mold 15 reaches the connection position between the fourth connecting member 142 and the forming half mold 401, the fourth connecting member 142 disengages from the forming half mold 401, and the first linear output power device 141 drives the fourth connecting member 142 to move in the opposite direction and reset. Afterward, the clamping mold 15 can continue to descend and tightly bind the forming mold 4. To achieve the detachable connection between the fourth connecting member 142 and the forming half mold 401, as follows... Figure 12 As shown, a connecting auxiliary component 143, which mates with the fourth connecting component 142, is fixedly mounted on the forming half-mold 401. In this embodiment, the fourth connecting component 142 is an electromagnet structure, and the connecting auxiliary component 143 is an adsorption block made of permanent magnet material. When the electromagnet structure is energized, it generates a magnetic field and attracts the adsorption block to achieve connection; when the electromagnet structure is de-energized, the magnetic field disappears, and the adsorption force between it and the adsorption block is released. A groove is provided on the outer wall of the forming half-mold 401, and the connecting auxiliary component 143 is completely submerged in the groove to avoid interfering with the downward movement of the clamping mold 15.

[0078] Obviously, the fourth connector 142 and the connecting accessory 143 can also adopt other connection structure types with automatic connection and automatic disengagement functions, such as a combination structure of pneumatic gripper and clamping block, or a combination mechanism of bolt and nut.

[0079] like Figure 14 and Figure 15As shown, the core mold 6 is a cylindrical structure with an integral flange structure at its top. A groove is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the pressure plate 2, and the flange structure is embedded in the groove and fixedly connected to the pressure plate 2 by screws, so that the core mold 6 and the forming cavity in the forming mold 4 are coaxially arranged. The back pressure mold 5 is a hollow ring structure, with its inner diameter matching the outer diameter of the core mold 6 and its outer diameter matching the inner diameter of the top of the forming cavity (the top of the third cavity). Before the clamping mold 15 descends and is fully clamped to the forming mold 4, the two forming half molds 401 are not fully aligned. At this time, the back pressure mold 5, which descends synchronously with the pressure plate 2, can smoothly enter the top of the forming cavity. When the two forming half molds 401 are fully aligned, the outer wall of the back pressure mold 5 completely fits against the inner wall of the top of the forming cavity, thus completely shaping the forming cavity.

[0080] Because in the later stages of extrusion molding, the back pressure die 5 needs to rise synchronously with the annular wall structure formed by reverse extrusion, and the back pressure die 5 needs to be in a vertically floating state that can provide back pressure, in this embodiment, the top surface of the back pressure die 5 and the bottom surface of the pressure plate 2 are movably connected by the second elastic component 17. Specifically, as shown... Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown, the second elastic component 17 includes a plurality of third guide posts 171 vertically fixed on the top surface of the back pressure mold 5 and a second compression spring 172 sleeved on the outside of each third guide post 171. The top end of the third guide post 171 movably passes through the pressure plate 2, guiding the vertical lifting and lowering of the back pressure mold 5, while keeping the second compression spring 172 in the direction of deformation. In the non-working state, the bottom surface of the back pressure mold 5 is located below the bottom surface of the core mold 6. In the working state where the blank is completely clamped in the forming cavity, the bottom surface of the back pressure mold 5 and the bottom surface of the core mold 6 are simultaneously in contact with the top surface of the blank, that is, the bottom surface of the back pressure mold 5 and the bottom surface of the core mold 6 are flush. At this time, the second compression spring 172 is in a compressed state. During the extrusion molding process, high-pressure liquid is injected into the third cavity to prevent the blank from becoming unstable during the extrusion deformation process. This high-pressure liquid acts on the bottom surface of the back pressure die 5, so that the compression state of the second compression spring 172 remains stable, that is, the bottom surface of the back pressure die 5 and the bottom surface of the core die 6 remain flush.

[0081] A filling hole 18 is provided on one side of the bottom surface of the back pressure mold 5, and the top of the filling hole 18 is connected to the external high-pressure liquid supply system 19. During the forming process, a certain downward pressure is first applied to the blank to achieve pre-upsetting, so that the middle of the blank fills the second cavity, thereby isolating the third cavity at the top from the first cavity at the bottom. Then, the high-pressure liquid supply system 19 fills the third cavity with high-pressure liquid at a preset pressure. A pressure stabilizing valve is provided on the supply pipeline of the high-pressure liquid supply system 19 to stabilize the liquid supplied to the third cavity at a fixed pressure. At the same time, a pressure relief valve assembly is provided in the pressure stabilizing valve. During the process of the blank filling the third cavity due to extrusion forming, the high-pressure liquid is squeezed and the pressure increases. Some of the liquid is discharged through the pressure relief valve assembly to maintain a stable pressure in the third cavity until the blank is completely upset and fills the third cavity. At the same time, the liquid is also completely discharged to the outside of the third cavity.

[0082] To ensure the airtightness of the molding cavity and prevent leakage of the high-pressure liquid inside, thereby maintaining a stable high-pressure state, in this embodiment, a first sealing ring 22 is provided between the outer wall of the back pressure mold 5 and the inner wall of the molding mold 4 (e.g., Figure 11 As shown), a second sealing ring (not shown in the figure) is provided between the outer wall of the core mold 6 and the inner wall of the back pressure mold 5, and a sealing strip 21 (as shown in the figure) is provided between the two forming half molds 401. Figure 10 (As shown).

[0083] The present invention also provides a multi-stage guide body integral forming process, applied to the multi-stage guide body integral forming device as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0084] (1) Start the equipment and reset it initially. At this time, the two moving pads 9 are located below the flow guide mold 3, locking the vertical position of the flow guide mold 3. The two forming half molds 401 are in the open state, and the flow guide mold 3 is in the exposed state. Place the blank into the flow guide mold 3 in a vertical position from the gap between the two forming half molds 401. Since the center part of the flow guide and the connecting part are cylindrical structures with the same diameter, the blank is selected as a bar with a diameter close to (the same or slightly smaller than) the diameter of the connecting part. After the blank is inserted into the first cavity of the flow guide mold 3, it can maintain a vertical or nearly vertical state.

[0085] Before the equipment is started, the hydraulic pressure value of the high-pressure liquid supply system 19 is preset through the pressure stabilizing valve according to the extrusion forming process parameters of the billet.

[0086] (2) Then the equipment is started to run automatically, and the opening and closing drive mechanism 14 drives the two forming half molds 401 to move closer to each other. During this process, the main pressure cylinder 300 drives the pressure plate 2 to move downward, so that the clamping mold 15, the core mold 6 and the back pressure mold 5 move downward synchronously. The clamping mold 15 is fitted on the top outside of the two forming half molds 401, and the core mold 6 and the back pressure mold 5 are located between the top of the two forming half molds 401. Until the clamping mold 15 reaches the lowest position, the two forming half molds 401 are completely aligned to form the forming mold 4. At this time, the outer wall of the back pressure mold 5 is in contact with the top inner wall of the forming cavity. The guide mold 3, the forming mold 4, the back pressure mold 5 and the core mold 6 enclose and form a closed forming cavity. The core mold 6 and the back pressure mold 5 continue to move downward synchronously until their bottom surfaces are in contact with the top of the blank, and the blank is vertically located at the central axis of the forming cavity.

[0087] (3) The main pressure cylinder 300 drives the pressure plate 2 to move downward, and the core mold 6 and the back pressure mold 5 continue to move downward synchronously, applying a certain pre-pressure to the top of the billet, so that the billet is initially upset and filled into the second cavity. At this time, the upper third cavity and the lower first cavity are isolated from each other.

[0088] (4) The high-pressure liquid supply system 19 fills the third cavity with high-pressure liquid at a preset pressure. The high-pressure liquid forms a uniform support environment around the upper part of the billet, effectively preventing instability of this part of the billet during extrusion molding. Preferably, the pressure value of the high-pressure liquid is selected such that after the high-pressure liquid is filled into the third cavity, the bottom surface of the back pressure mold 5 is flush with the bottom surface of the core mold 6. At this time, the hydraulic pressure at the bottom of the back pressure mold 5 is balanced with the reaction force formed by the compression of the spring above.

[0089] (5) The main pressure cylinder 300 continues to drive the pressure plate 2 downward, causing the core mold 6 and the back pressure mold 5 to continue to descend synchronously. The blank is gradually pressed down and deformed, and its bottom end begins to fill the first cavity to form the guide part, and then it is upset to fill the third cavity. During this process, the high-pressure liquid is gradually discharged from the forming cavity. During this process, as the core mold 6 and the back pressure mold 5 descend, the internal volume of the third cavity gradually decreases, and the high-pressure liquid is also gradually squeezed, causing the pressure to rise. After the pressure value of the high-pressure liquid is higher than the preset pressure value of the pressure stabilizing valve, the pressure relief valve assembly opens, and the high-pressure liquid is gradually discharged from the third cavity. When the blank is completely upset, the high-pressure liquid is completely discharged, and the bottom surfaces of the core mold 6 and the back pressure mold 5 still maintain contact with the top surface of the upset semi-formed part. At this time, the high-pressure liquid supply system 19 can stop working.

[0090] (6) The main pressure cylinder 300 continues to drive the pressure plate 2 downward, causing the core mold 6 to continue downward. The bottom end of the core mold 6 is inserted into the top surface of the semi-formed part to form the loading part. During this process, the material at the center of the top surface of the semi-formed part is squeezed and flows to the surrounding area, thereby causing the material around the outer periphery of the core mold 6 to be squeezed in the opposite direction and flow upward. At the same time, the back pressure mold 5 moves upward synchronously with the material that is growing in height and provides back pressure, so that the top surface of the growing part always remains flat.

[0091] (7) After the forming is completed, the main pressure cylinder 300 continues to drive the pressure plate 2 to move upward, so that the core mold 6, back pressure mold 5 and clamping mold 15 move upward and reset in sequence. The second linear output power device 10 drives the two moving pads 9 to move away from each other to the bottom side position of the guide mold 3; the first hydraulic cylinder 8 pulls the guide mold 3 downward through the ejector mold 7 and separates it from the formed guide part (because the outer wall of the loading part is an arc surface that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, and is supported by the inner wall of the forming cavity, the downward movement of the formed part is restricted); the swing output power device 13 drives the ejector mold 7 to rotate at a preset angle, so that the formed fins are misaligned with the corresponding forming cavities, so that the fin cavity in the guide mold 3 does not coincide with the projection of the formed fins in the horizontal plane.

[0092] (8) The opening and closing drive mechanism 14 drives the two forming half molds 401 to move away from each other to complete the mold opening. At the same time, the first hydraulic cylinder 8 drives the guide mold 3 to rise through the ejector mold 7. The top surface of the guide mold 3 lifts the formed fins and ejects the formed part. At this time, the formed part is completely placed on the top surface of the worktable 1. The unloading process can be completed by directly removing it from the worktable 1.

[0093] Since the forming part is a rotating mechanism, and the number of fins at its bottom is uniformly distributed and even, during the entire extrusion forming process of a single workpiece, after the swing output power device 13 drives the ejector die 7 to rotate at a preset angle to complete the ejection operation of the forming part, it can be reset by driving the guide die 3 to rotate in the opposite direction through the swing output power device 13. Alternatively, it can be reset and the reset operation can be used as the orientation adjustment process of the guide die 3 in the next workpiece forming process.

[0094] like Figures 16 to 18As shown, in another embodiment, semi-spiral heating coils 20 are respectively provided in the forming half mold 401. After the two forming half molds 401 are joined together, the semi-spiral heating coils 20 on both sides form a complete spiral heating coil. By preheating and continuously maintaining the temperature of the blank in the forming cavity, the forming performance of the metal material can be improved. Specifically, the forming half mold 401 is coaxially assembled and fixedly connected by an inner mold body 4011 and an outer mold body 4012 of a semi-ring. Among them, the outer circular surface of the inner mold body 4011 and the inner circular surface of the outer mold body 4012 are respectively provided with semi-ring spiral grooves 4013. The inner and outer spiral grooves 4013 are joined together to form a semi-ring spiral channel. Each heating conductor segment of the semi-spiral heating coil 20 is respectively clamped and fixed in the spiral channel. Thus, after the two forming half molds 401 are joined together to form the forming mold 4, the two half spiral heating coils 20 form a complete spiral heating coil, thereby making the circuit conductive and carrying out the subsequent electric heating process; after the clamping mold 15 releases its restraining effect on the forming mold 4, the third elastic component 403 between the two forming half molds 401 will push the two forming half molds 401 to complete a preliminary small-distance horizontal movement, thereby causing the half spiral heating coils 20 to automatically separate and the circuit of the spiral heating coil to automatically disconnect.

[0095] Correspondingly, in the above forming process, between the two time points when the two forming half molds 401 are fully engaged and initially separated, the spiral heating coil can heat the blank to improve the forming performance.

[0096] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0097] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage guide body integral forming device for integral extrusion forming of a multi-stage guide body, wherein the multi-stage guide body comprises an internally hollow loading part, a solid connecting part, and a flow guiding part with multiple fins on the outer side, characterized in that, include: A flow guide mold is embedded in the top surface of the worktable. The flow guide mold has a first cavity for forming the flow guide part. The forming mold includes several forming half molds that are movably disposed on the top surface of the worktable and can be opened and closed relative to each other. Each forming half mold is provided with a semi-spiral heating coil. After two forming half molds are joined together, the semi-spiral heating coils on both sides form a complete spiral heating coil. The forming mold has a third cavity and a second cavity connected to the first cavity, which are used to form the connecting part and the loading part. The first cavity, the second cavity and the third cavity constitute the forming cavity. An opening and closing drive mechanism is located on the side of the top surface of the worktable to drive the forming half mold to move horizontally; The core mold is fixedly set on the bottom surface of the pressure plate and suspended directly above the forming mold, and is used to form the internal hollow of the loading part; A back pressure mold is movably sleeved on the outside of the core mold. The back pressure mold can be inserted into the third cavity, and the outer wall of the back pressure mold slides against the inner wall of the third cavity. A liquid filling hole is provided on one side of the bottom surface of the back pressure mold. The top of the liquid filling hole is connected to an external high-pressure liquid supply system. The high-pressure liquid supply system fills the third cavity with high-pressure liquid at a preset pressure. The high-pressure liquid forms a uniform support environment around the upper section of the blank. The ejector mold is movably disposed within the worktable, with its top end fixedly connected to the bottom of the guide mold and its bottom end connected to the output shaft end of the first hydraulic cylinder below the worktable.

2. The multi-stage guide body integral forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A clamping mold that can be fitted onto the outside of the forming mold is connected to the bottom surface of the pressure plate.

3. The multi-stage guide body integral forming device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer surface of the forming mold is a conical surface, and the inner wall of the clamping mold is an inner conical surface that matches the conical surface. The top surface of the clamping mold and the bottom surface of the pressure plate are movably connected by a first elastic component.

4. The multi-stage guide body integral forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top surface of the back pressure mold and the bottom surface of the pressure plate are movably connected by a second elastic component.

5. The multi-stage guide body integral forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the forming half mold is slidably connected to the top surface of the worktable by a horizontally arranged guide component, and a third elastic component is arranged parallel to the guide component between the two forming half molds.

6. The multi-stage guide body integral forming device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that: The opening and closing drive mechanism includes a first linear output power device fixedly installed on the top surface of the worktable and a fourth connector installed on the displacement output end of the first linear output power device. The fourth connector is detachably connected to the side of the forming half mold.

7. The multi-stage guide body integral forming device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The workbench is equipped with multiple movable pads located on the bottom side of the guide mold. A second linear output power device is connected to the side of the movable pads away from the guide mold. The bottom end of the ejector mold is connected to a swing output power device located below the workbench.

8. The multi-stage guide body integral forming device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A sealing structure is provided between the outer wall of the back pressure mold and the inner wall of the forming mold, between the outer wall of the core mold and the inner wall of the back pressure mold, and between the two forming half molds.

9. A multi-stage guide body integral forming process, applied to the multi-stage guide body integral forming apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The equipment is initially reset, and the blank is placed vertically inside the guide mold; The two forming half molds are joined together to form a forming mold. The core mold and the back pressure mold move down synchronously and abut against the top of the blank, and the forming cavity is sealed. The core mold and back pressure mold continue to descend synchronously, the blank is initially upset and filled into the second cavity, and the first cavity is isolated from the third cavity; The third cavity is filled with high-pressure liquid: the high-pressure liquid supply system fills the third cavity with high-pressure liquid at a preset pressure. The high-pressure liquid forms a uniform support environment around the upper section of the blank. The pressure value of the high-pressure liquid should be selected such that after the third cavity is filled with high-pressure liquid, the bottom surface of the back pressure mold is flush with the bottom surface of the core mold. The core mold and back pressure mold continue to descend synchronously, and the blank is gradually pressed down and filled into the first cavity to form the guide section, and then it is upset to fill the third cavity. During this process, the high-pressure liquid is gradually discharged from the forming cavity. The core mold continues to descend and is inserted into the blank to form the loading part. The blank outside the core mold flows upward, and the back pressure mold moves upward synchronously with the blank and provides back pressure. After forming is completed, the core mold and back pressure mold move upwards and reset in sequence; The two forming half molds separate, and the ejector mold rises to eject the formed part.

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