Turn-milling composite spindle, control method thereof and machine tool

Abstract

The turning and milling composite spindle comprises a machine base, a shaft body and a fluted disc structure, the shaft body is rotationally arranged in the machine base, the fluted disc structure comprises a movable fluted disc, a static fluted disc and a locking fluted disc, the movable fluted disc is arranged on the shaft body, the static fluted disc is arranged on the machine base and surrounds the peripheral side of the movable fluted disc, and the locking fluted disc is arranged on the shaft body in the axial direction of the shaft body. The movable fluted disc and the static fluted disc are arranged on the same side of the locking fluted disc, the locking fluted disc is movably arranged in the axial direction of the shaft body, the locking fluted disc is provided with an unlocking position, a first locking position and a second locking position in the moving stroke of the locking fluted disc, the locking fluted disc is separated from the movable fluted disc at the unlocking position, the locking fluted disc is meshed with the static fluted disc and the movable fluted disc at the first locking position, and the locking fluted disc is meshed with the static fluted disc and the movable fluted disc at the second locking position. And at the second locking position, the locking fluted disc is meshed with the static fluted disc and the movable fluted disc, and the movable fluted disc abuts against the machine base.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of machine tools, and in particular to a milling and turning spindle, its control method, and a machine tool. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, CNC machine tools are increasingly developing towards higher speed, higher precision, intelligence, multi-functionality, and green technology. Mill-turn machining centers can achieve multi-process, multi-station machining on a single machine tool, significantly improving machining efficiency and accuracy. Their structures are becoming increasingly complex, and their automation level is continuously improving. The mill-turn electric spindle, as the core component of a mill-turn machining center, largely determines the machining accuracy and production efficiency of the entire machine tool. However, during turning, the axial force generated by existing mill-turn spindles directly acts on the bearings, easily causing accelerated bearing temperature rise and resulting in a shorter bearing lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the issue that the axial force generated by a mill-turn spindle during turning operations can affect the bearings, this application provides a mill-turn spindle.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a milling-turning spindle for use in a machine tool, the milling-turning spindle comprising: Base; The shaft is rotatably mounted within the machine base; and, The gear disc structure includes a movable gear disc, a stationary gear disc, and a locking gear disc. The movable gear disc is disposed on the shaft body, and the stationary gear disc is disposed on the machine base and surrounds the outer periphery of the movable gear disc. Along the axial direction of the shaft body, the movable gear disc and the stationary gear disc are located on the same side of the shaft body. The locking gear disc is movably disposed along the axial direction of the shaft body. During its movement stroke, the locking gear disc has an unlocked position, a first locking position, and a second locking position. In the unlocked position, the locking gear disc is separated from the stationary gear disc and the movable gear disc. In the first locking position, the locking gear disc is engaged with the stationary gear disc and the movable gear disc. In the second locking position, the locking gear disc is engaged with the stationary gear disc and the movable gear disc, and the movable gear disc abuts against the machine base.

[0005] By adopting the above technical solution, the locking gear plate can be separated from the moving gear plate to release the rotation restriction on the moving gear plate, allowing the moving gear plate to rotate synchronously with the shaft so that the turning compound spindle can perform milling operations. It can also be combined with the moving and stationary gear plates to restrict the rotation of the moving gear plate, allowing the turning compound spindle to perform turning operations. Furthermore, while restricting the rotation of the moving gear plate, it can also press the moving gear plate against the machine base to transmit the axial force generated during turning to the machine base, thereby relieving the load on the bearings. This solves the problem that the bearings of existing turning-milling compound spindles will be subjected to axial force impact during turning.

[0006] Preferably, the gap between the movable gear disk and the machine base along the axial direction of the shaft is L, wherein 0.1mm≤L≤0.3mm.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, it is possible to avoid contact between the moving gear plate and the machine base, facilitate the synchronous rotation of the moving gear plate and the shaft, and reduce the probability of shaft breakage.

[0008] Preferably, the milling and turning spindle further includes a tool holder and a bearing. The tool holder is located at the end of the shaft body, the bearing is located between the machine base and the shaft body, and is on the side of the locking gear plate away from the tool holder. The moving gear plate is located on the side of the locking gear plate close to the tool holder.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the moving gear is located on the side of the locking gear close to the tool holder, so that the force transmission direction is opposite to the locking drive direction of the locking gear. At the same time, the bearing is located on the side of the locking gear away from the tool holder, so that the bearing is on the rear side of the locking gear. This allows the axial force input from the tool holder to be directly transmitted to the machine base through the moving gear, which is located on the front side of the force transmission direction of the locking gear, so as to prevent the axial force from continuing to be transmitted to the rear side of the locking gear. This way, all the axial force is unloaded to the machine base, so as to avoid the bearing bearing the load, thereby helping to improve the force unloading effect.

[0010] Preferably, the movable gear disc includes a gear disc body and an abutment portion, wherein the abutment portion is detachably mounted on the gear disc body.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the thickness of the turning compound spindle can be adjusted by replacing different abutment parts, thereby adjusting the gap between the moving gear plate and the machine base. This facilitates assembly and can be adapted to different specifications of turning and milling compound spindles, thus helping to improve the versatility of the turning and milling compound spindle.

[0012] Preferably, the abutting portion is located on the side of the gear disc body facing the bearing, so as to abut against the inner ring of the bearing.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the movable gear disc can abut against the inner ring of the bearing, which can restrict the movement of the inner ring of the bearing in the axial direction of the shaft, so as to avoid setting additional fixing parts to fix the inner ring of the bearing, and also facilitate the control of the distance between the locking gear disc and the movable gear disc.

[0014] Preferably, the movable gear disc includes a gear disc body and an abutment portion, and the locking gear disc includes a first locking tooth segment and a second locking tooth segment. The first locking tooth segment extends radially along the shaft to the bearing so that the outer ring of the bearing abuts against it, and the second locking tooth segment extends axially along the shaft.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution and setting the first locking tooth section, on the one hand, it is convenient to engage or disengage with the moving tooth plate and the stationary tooth plate, so that the milling and turning spindle can perform both milling and turning operations. On the other hand, it can lock the outer ring of the bearing during milling operations, so as to avoid setting an additional locking structure to lock the outer ring of the bearing. At the same time, by setting the second locking tooth section, it can cooperate with the groove on the machine base to guide the locking tooth plate to move only along the axial direction of the shaft, thereby helping to improve the stability of the locking tooth plate movement.

[0016] Preferably, the height of the moving gear disk is lower than the height of the stationary gear disk along the axial direction of the shaft.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, when the locking gear is in the unlocked position, the locking gear can be completely separated from the moving gear and at least partially engaged with the stationary gear, so that the locking gear is not completely separated from the stationary gear, thereby restricting the rotation of the locking gear and ensuring that the locking gear can be aligned with the stationary gear, thus ensuring that the locking gear can mesh with the stationary gear.

[0018] Preferably, the shaft body includes a shaft body and a mounting protrusion disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft body, the mounting protrusion being used for mounting the movable gear disc.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution and setting the mounting protrusion, it is convenient to install the moving gear plate on the one hand, and to accurately control the distance between the moving gear plate and the machine base on the other hand.

[0020] Preferably, the end of the shaft is provided with a tool holder for mounting a cutting tool, and the milling and turning spindle also includes a rotary cutting force gauge sleeved on the tool holder for measuring the axial force of the shaft.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution and setting up a rotary cutting force measuring instrument, the axial force on the tool holder during turning can be measured, thereby determining the axial force transmitted from the tool holder through the shaft to the bearing.

[0022] The milling and turning spindle also includes a displacement detection device mounted on the machine base for detecting the displacement of the moving gear plate.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution and setting up a displacement detection device to measure the displacement of the moving gear disk, it is possible to determine whether the moving gear disk has moved into place, thereby facilitating precise control of the position of the moving gear disk.

[0024] Secondly, this application provides a machine tool, including a milling-turning composite spindle. The milling-turning composite spindle includes: a machine base; a shaft body rotatably disposed within the machine base; and a gear disk structure, including a movable gear disk, a stationary gear disk, and a locking gear disk. The movable gear disk is disposed on the shaft body, and the stationary gear disk is disposed on the machine base and surrounds the outer periphery of the movable gear disk. Along the axial direction of the shaft body, the movable gear disk and the stationary gear disk are disposed on the same side of the locking gear disk. The locking gear disk is movably disposed along the axial direction of the shaft body. During its active stroke, the locking gear disk has an unlocked position, a first locking position, and a second locking position. In the unlocked position, the locking gear disk is separated from the stationary gear disk and the movable gear disk. In the first locking position, the locking gear disk is engaged with the stationary gear disk and the movable gear disk. In the second locking position, the locking gear disk is engaged with the stationary gear disk and the movable gear disk, and the movable gear disk abuts against the machine base. Thirdly, this application provides a control method based on the aforementioned milling and turning composite spindle, comprising: In turning mode, the actual axial force of the shaft is obtained; When the actual axial force is greater than the preset axial force, the locking gear plate is controlled to move, thereby driving the moving gear plate to move. Obtain the actual displacement of the moving gear disk; When the actual displacement meets the preset displacement condition, the locking gear plate is controlled to stop moving.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, under the premise that the milling-turning spindle is used for turning, the actual axial force of the spindle is obtained to determine the magnitude of the axial force generated by turning. When the actual axial force is greater than the preset axial force, it indicates that the axial force generated by turning is too large. At this time, the movement of the locking gear plate is controlled to drive the moving gear plate to move closer to the machine base. The position of the moving gear plate is determined by obtaining the actual displacement of the moving gear plate. When the actual displacement meets the preset displacement condition, it indicates that the moving gear plate has been pressed against the machine base. At this time, the movement of the locking gear plate is stopped. In this way, by obtaining the axial force of the spindle, the load on the bearing is determined, and when the load is too large, the moving gear plate is driven to move. At the same time, by obtaining the displacement of the moving gear plate, the position of the moving gear plate is accurately determined so that the moving gear plate can press against the machine base to transmit the axial force generated by turning to the machine base. This can effectively reduce the load on the bearing, thereby preventing the bearing from overheating due to excessive load, and thus helping to improve the bearing life. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the milling and turning composite spindle provided in this application; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of point A in the image; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of point B in the image; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the control device for the hardware operating environment involved in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating the control method for the milling and turning spindle provided in this application. Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 100. Milling and turning composite spindle; 1. Machine base; 2. Shaft body; 21. Shaft body; 22. Mounting protrusion; 3. Gear disc structure; 31. Moving gear disc; 311. Gear disc body; 312. Abutment part; 32. Stationary gear disc; 33. Locking gear disc; 331. First locking gear section; 332. Second locking gear section; 4. Bearing; 5. Tool holder; 61. Rotary cutting force measuring instrument. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only possible technical implementations of the present invention and not all possible implementations. Those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort, and these embodiments are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] Because existing turning spindles generate axial forces that directly act on the bearings during turning, this can easily lead to increased bearing temperature and shorten bearing life. Therefore, this application provides a turning spindle designed to solve the problem of axial forces generated during turning acting on the bearings. Figures 1 to 5 This is a schematic diagram of the turning spindle provided in this application.

[0029] Please see Figure 1 The milling and turning spindle 100 includes a base 1, a shaft 2, and a gear structure 3. The shaft 2 is rotatably mounted within the base 1. The gear structure 3 includes a movable gear 31, a stationary gear 32, and a locking gear 33. The movable gear 31 is located on the shaft 2, and the stationary gear 32 is located on the base 1 and surrounds the outer periphery of the movable gear 31. Along the axial direction of the shaft 2, the movable gear 31 and the stationary gear 32 are located on the same side of the locking gear 33. The locking gear 33 is movably arranged along the axial direction of the shaft 2. During its active stroke, the locking gear 33 has an unlocking position, a first locking position, and a second locking position. In the unlocking position, the locking gear 33 is separated from the moving gear 31. In the first locking position, the locking gear 33 is engaged with the stationary gear 32 and the moving gear 31. In the second locking position, the locking gear 33 is engaged with the stationary gear 32 and the moving gear 31, and the moving gear 31 abuts against the machine base 1.

[0030] It should be noted that the shaft 2 is rotatably mounted on the machine base 1 for rotation during milling, thereby driving the tool holder 5 mounted at the end of the shaft 2 to rotate, so that the tool on the tool holder 5 can perform milling on the workpiece. Furthermore, there are various ways in which the moving gear plate 31 and the stationary gear plate 32 are mounted on the same side of the locking gear plate 33. For example, the moving gear plate 31 and the stationary gear plate 32 can be mounted on the side of the locking gear plate 33 closer to the tool holder 5, or they can be mounted on the side of the locking gear plate 33 farther from the tool holder 5. The embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0031] It should also be noted that when the locking gear 33 is in the unlocked position, the locking gear 33 is separated from the moving gear 31, and the moving gear 31 can rotate freely. The connection between the locking gear 33 and the stationary gear 32 can be varied; for example, the locking gear 33 and the stationary gear 32 can be separated or not separated. This embodiment does not limit this. Furthermore, when the locking gear 33 is in the first locking position, the locking gear 33 abuts against the moving gear 31 but not against the stationary gear 32. At this time, a certain gap remains between the locking gear 33 and the stationary gear 32. When the locking gear 33 is in the second locking position, the locking gear 33 abuts against both the moving gear 31 and the stationary gear 32. At this time, the moving gear 31 abuts against the machine base 1 so that the axial force generated during turning can be transmitted to the machine base 1, thereby reducing the axial force borne by the bearing 4. Furthermore, a hydraulic circuit is formed between the base 1 and the locking gear 33 to drive the locking gear 33 to move hydraulically, resulting in a compact structure and easy assembly. Of course, in other embodiments, the locking gear 33 can also be driven by a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited to this.

[0032] Understandably, when the milling and turning spindle 100 needs to be used for milling, the locking gear 33 moves to the unlocked position, and the locking gear 33 can separate from the moving gear 31 to release the lock on the moving gear 31, so that the moving gear 31 can rotate synchronously with the shaft 2, so that the milling and turning spindle 100 can perform milling on the workpiece. When the milling and turning spindle 100 is used for turning, the locking gear 33 moves to the first locking position, and the locking gear 33 simultaneously engages with the moving gear 31 and the stationary gear 32 to lock the moving gear 31 and limit its rotation. When the bearing 4 is overloaded, the locking gear 33 moves to the second locking position, and the locking gear 33 simultaneously engages with the stationary gear 32 and the moving gear 31. The moving gear 31 abuts against the machine base 1 to transmit the axial force generated during turning to the machine base 1, so as to relieve the load on the bearing 4 and enable the milling and turning spindle 100 to perform turning on the workpiece.

[0033] In this embodiment, to ensure that the movable gear 31 rotates synchronously with the shaft 2, a gap is generally left between the movable gear 31 and the machine base 1. When the locking gear 33 is in the first locking position, this gap is usually maintained, but it would cause the axial force generated during turning to be transmitted to the bearing 4. Therefore, a second locking position is provided so that the locking gear 33 can drive the movable gear 31 to press against the machine base 1, thereby transmitting the axial force generated during turning to the machine base 1. Thus, through the movement of the locking gear 33, it can separate from the movable gear 31. This design removes the rotation restriction on the moving gear plate 31, allowing it to rotate synchronously with the shaft 2, enabling the turning composite spindle to perform milling operations. It can also combine with the moving gear plate 31 and the stationary gear plate 32 to restrict the rotation of the moving gear plate 31, allowing the turning composite spindle to perform turning operations. Furthermore, while restricting the rotation of the moving gear plate 31, it can also press the moving gear plate 31 against the machine base 1 to transmit the axial force generated during turning to the machine base 1, thereby relieving the load on the bearing 4. This solves the problem that the bearing 4 of the existing turning-milling composite spindle 100 will be subjected to axial force impact during turning.

[0034] Furthermore, if the clearance between the movable gear 31 and the machine base 1 is too small, the movable gear 31 may come into contact with the machine base 1, making it difficult for the movable gear 31 to rotate. Conversely, if the clearance between the movable gear 31 and the machine base 1 is too large, the bearing 4 may disengage during the tool release process. Therefore, in this embodiment, please refer to... Figure 2 Along the axial direction of the shaft 2, the gap between the moving gear disk 31 and the machine base 1 is L, where 0.1mm≤L≤0.3mm. This not only prevents the moving gear disk 31 from contacting the machine base 1 and facilitates the synchronous rotation of the moving gear disk 31 and the shaft 2, but also reduces the probability of the bearing 4 disengaging.

[0035] In one embodiment of this application, the milling and turning spindle 100 further includes a tool holder 5 and a bearing 4. The tool holder 5 is located at the end of the shaft body 2, and the bearing 4 is located between the machine base 1 and the shaft body 2, on the side of the locking gear 33 away from the tool holder 5. The moving gear 31 is located on the side of the locking gear 33 close to the tool holder 5. This makes the force transmission direction opposite to the locking drive direction of the locking gear 33. At the same time, the bearing 4 is located on the side of the locking gear 33 away from the tool holder 5, so that the bearing 4 is on the rear side of the locking gear 33. This allows the axial force input from the tool holder 5 to be directly transmitted to the machine base 1 through the moving gear 31, which is on the front side of the force transmission direction of the locking gear 33, so as to prevent the axial force from continuing to be transmitted to the rear side of the locking gear 33, so that all the axial force is unloaded to the machine base 1, so as to prevent the bearing 4 from bearing the load, thereby helping to improve the force unloading effect.

[0036] Due to manufacturing errors in components, and the small gap between the moving gear 31 and the base 1, it is difficult to precisely control the distance between the moving gear 31 and the base 1. Therefore, in this embodiment, please refer to... Figure 1 The moving gear 31 includes a gear body 311 and an abutment part 312. The abutment part 312 is detachably installed on the gear body 311. This detachable connection allows for the replacement of the abutment part 312, enabling the turning composite spindle to adjust its thickness by replacing different abutment parts 312, thereby adjusting the gap between the moving gear 31 and the machine base 1. This facilitates assembly and allows for compatibility with different specifications of turning and milling composite spindles 100, thus improving the versatility of the turning and milling composite spindle 100.

[0037] In one embodiment of this application, the movable gear disk 31 includes a gear disk body 311 and an abutment portion 312. The abutment portion 312 is disposed on the side of the gear disk body 311 facing the bearing 4, so as to abut against the inner ring of the bearing 4. In this way, the movable gear disk 31 can abut against the inner ring of the bearing 4, which can restrict the movement of the inner ring of the bearing 4 in the axial direction of the shaft 2, so as to avoid the need to set additional fixing members to fix the inner ring of the bearing 4, and facilitate the control of the distance between the locking gear disk 33 and the movable gear disk 31.

[0038] It should be noted that the two related technical features mentioned above, namely "the abutting part 312 can be detachably installed on the gear disk body 311" and "the abutting part 312 is provided on the side of the gear disk body 311 facing the bearing 4", can be provided either one or both. The embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0039] In one embodiment of this application, please refer to [the relevant documentation]. Figure 1 The locking gear 33 includes a first locking gear section 331 and a second locking gear section 332. The first locking gear section 331 extends radially along the shaft 2 to the bearing 4 so that the outer ring of the bearing 4 can abut against it. The second locking gear section 332 extends axially along the shaft 2. Thus, by setting the first locking gear section 331, it is convenient to engage or disengage with the moving gear 31 and the stationary gear 32, so that the milling and turning spindle 100 can perform both milling and turning operations. On the other hand, it can lock the outer ring of the bearing 4 during milling operations, so as to avoid setting an additional locking structure to lock the outer ring of the bearing 4. At the same time, by setting the second locking gear section 332, it can cooperate with the groove on the machine base 1 to guide it, so that the locking gear 33 only moves along the axial direction of the shaft 2, thereby helping to improve the stability of the movement of the locking gear 33.

[0040] It is understood that the locking gear 33 can be rotatably mounted within the base 1 or it can be anti-rotating within the base 1; the embodiments of this application do not limit this. Since the locking gear 33 needs to mesh with the fixed gear 33, if the locking gear 33 is anti-rotating within the base 1, the relative position of the locking gear 33 and the fixed gear 33 needs to be precisely controlled to ensure that the locking gear 33 can mesh with the fixed gear 33, which increases the assembly difficulty. Furthermore, a positioning structure needs to be added within the base 1, but the limited space within the base 1 further increases the assembly difficulty. Therefore, in this embodiment, please refer to... Figure 1 Along the axial direction of shaft 2, the upper end of the movable gear disk 31 is lower than the upper end of the stationary gear disk 32. This allows the locking gear disk 33 to be completely separated from the movable gear disk 31 while still maintaining at least a partial engagement with the stationary gear disk 32 when it is in the unlocked position. This partial separation restricts the rotation of the locking gear disk 33, ensuring its alignment with the stationary gear disk 32 and guaranteeing meshing between them. Of course, in other embodiments, the upper ends of the movable gear disk 31 and the stationary gear disk 32 may be flush, etc., and this application does not limit this aspect.

[0041] In one embodiment of this application, please refer to [the relevant documentation]. Figure 1 The shaft body 2 includes a shaft body 21 and a mounting protrusion 22 provided on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft body 21. The mounting protrusion 22 is used for mounting the movable gear disk 31. Thus, by providing the mounting protrusion 22, it is convenient to install the movable gear disk 31 on the one hand, and to accurately control the distance between the movable gear disk 31 and the machine base 1 on the other hand.

[0042] In one embodiment of this application, please refer to Figure 1 The end of the shaft body 2 is provided with a tool holder 5 for tool mounting. The milling and turning spindle 100 also includes a rotary cutting force measuring instrument 61 sleeved on the tool holder 5 for measuring the axial force borne by the tool holder 5. Thus, by setting the rotary cutting force measuring instrument 61, the axial force on the tool holder 5 during turning can be measured, thereby determining the axial force transmitted from the tool holder 5 to the bearing 4 through the shaft body 2.

[0043] It is understood that the tool holder 5 is fixedly mounted on the shaft 2, and there are various ways to fix it. For example, the tool holder 5 can be fixed to the shaft 2 by tightening with a puller, or it can be fixed to the shaft 2 by a threaded connection. As long as the tool holder 5 can be fixed to the shaft 2, the embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0044] In one embodiment of this application, the milling and turning spindle 100 further includes a displacement detection device (not shown in the figure) disposed on the machine base 1 for detecting the displacement of the moving gear 31. Thus, by setting the displacement detection device, the displacement of the moving gear 31 can be measured to determine whether the moving gear 31 has moved into place, thereby facilitating precise control of the position of the moving gear 31.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention, in order to control the milling-turning spindle 100 to perform milling, the milling-turning spindle 100 further includes a control device, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the control device may include: a processor 1001, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a communication bus 1002, a user interface 1003, a network interface 1004, and a memory 1005. The communication bus 1002 is used to enable communication between these components. The user interface 1003 may include a display screen or an input unit such as a keyboard; optionally, the user interface 1003 may also include a standard wired interface or a wireless interface. The network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface or a wireless interface (such as a Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi) interface). The memory 1005 may be high-speed random access memory (RAM) or stable non-volatile memory (NVM), such as a disk storage device. Optionally, the memory 1005 may also be a storage device independent of the aforementioned processor 1001.

[0046] like Figure 4 As shown, the memory 1005, which serves as a storage medium, may include an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface module, and a control program for a control device.

[0047] exist Figure 4 In the control device shown, the network interface 1004 is mainly used for data communication with the network server; the user interface 1003 is mainly used for data interaction with the user; the processor 1001 and the memory 1005 in the control device of the present invention can be set in the control device, and the control device calls the control program of the control device stored in the memory 1005 through the processor 1001 and executes the control method of the control device provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 4 The structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the control device and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0049] In addition, this application also provides a machine tool including a milling-turning composite spindle 100. It should be noted that the specific structure of the milling-turning composite spindle 100 is as described in the above embodiments. Since this machine tool adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it possesses at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated upon here. Based on the above hardware structure, this application also provides a control method based on a milling and turning composite spindle 100. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5 , Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating the control method for the milling and turning spindle 100 provided in this application.

[0050] The control methods for the milling and turning spindle 100 include: S10: In turning mode, obtain the actual axial force of the shaft 2; It should be noted that in turning mode, the locking gear 33 meshes with the stationary gear 32 and the moving gear 31, but there is a certain gap between the moving gear 31 and the machine base 1, that is, the locking gear 33 is in the first locking position.

[0051] S20: When the actual axial force is greater than the preset axial force, control the locking gear 33 to move, so as to drive the moving gear 31 to move; It should be noted that there are various preset axial forces, such as 10000N or 11000N, which can be adjusted as needed. The embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0052] S30: Obtain the actual displacement of the moving gear disk 31; S40: When the actual displacement meets the preset displacement condition, control the locking gear 33 to stop moving.

[0053] It should be noted that the preset displacement condition can be a fixed value or a range of values, and can be adjusted as needed. The embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0054] In this embodiment, with the milling-turning spindle 100 used for turning, the magnitude of the axial force generated during turning is determined by acquiring the actual axial force of the spindle 2. When the actual axial force is greater than the preset axial force, it indicates that the axial force generated during turning is too large. At this time, the locking gear 33 is controlled to move, driving the moving gear 31 to move closer to the machine base 1. The position of the moving gear 31 is determined by acquiring the actual displacement of the moving gear 31. When the actual displacement meets the preset displacement condition, it indicates that the moving gear 31 has been pressed against the machine base 1. At this time, the locking gear 33 is stopped. Thus, by acquiring the axial force of the shaft 2, the load on the bearing 4 is determined. When the load is too large, the moving gear 31 is driven to move. At the same time, by acquiring the displacement of the moving gear 31, the position of the moving gear 31 is accurately determined, so that the moving gear 31 can press against the machine base 1 to transmit the axial force generated by turning to the machine base 1. This can effectively reduce the load on the bearing 4, thereby preventing the bearing 4 from overheating due to excessive load, and thus helping to extend the life of the bearing 4. The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A milling-turning composite spindle for use in a machine tool, characterized in that, The milling and turning spindle includes: Base (1); Shaft (2), rotatably mounted within base (1); and, The gear disc structure (3) includes a movable gear disc (31), a stationary gear disc (32), and a locking gear disc (33). The movable gear disc (31) is located on the shaft (2), and the stationary gear disc (32) is located on the base (1) and surrounds the outer periphery of the movable gear disc (31). Along the axial direction of the shaft (2), the movable gear disc (31) and the stationary gear disc (32) are located on the same side of the locking gear disc (33). The locking gear disc (33) is movably arranged along the axial direction of the shaft (2). The locking gear plate (33) has an unlocking position, a first locking position and a second locking position. In the unlocking position, the locking gear plate (33) is separated from the moving gear plate (31). In the first locking position, the locking gear plate (33) is engaged with the stationary gear plate (32) and the moving gear plate (31). In the second locking position, the locking gear plate (33) is engaged with the stationary gear plate (32) and the moving gear plate (31), and the moving gear plate (31) abuts against the base (1).

2. The milling and turning composite spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the axial direction of the shaft (2), the gap between the moving gear disk (31) and the base (1) is L, wherein 0.1mm≤L≤0.3mm.

3. The milling and turning composite spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The milling and turning spindle also includes a tool holder (5) and a bearing (4). The tool holder (5) is located at the end of the shaft (2). The bearing (4) is located between the machine base (1) and the shaft (2) and is located on the side of the locking gear plate (33) away from the tool holder (5). The moving gear plate (31) is located on the side of the locking gear plate (33) close to the tool holder (5).

4. The milling and turning composite spindle according to claim 3, characterized in that, The movable gear disk (31) includes a gear disk body (311) and an abutment portion (312), wherein: The abutment portion (312) is detachably mounted to the gear disc body (311); and / or, The abutting part (312) is provided on the side of the gear disc body (311) facing the bearing (4) to abut against the inner ring of the bearing (4).

5. The milling and turning composite spindle according to claim 3, characterized in that, The locking gear plate (33) includes a first locking gear segment (331) and a second locking gear segment (332). The first locking gear segment (331) extends radially along the shaft (2) to the bearing (4) for the outer ring of the bearing (4) to abut. The second locking gear segment (332) extends axially along the shaft (2).

6. The milling and turning composite spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the axial direction of the shaft (2), the upper end of the moving gear disk (31) is lower than the upper end of the stationary gear disk (32).

7. The milling and turning composite spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shaft (2) includes a shaft body (21) and a mounting protrusion (22) provided on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft body (21), the mounting protrusion (22) being used for mounting the movable gear disc (31).

8. The milling and turning composite spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the shaft (2) is provided with a tool holder (5) for mounting cutting tools. The milling and turning spindle also includes a rotary cutting force gauge (61) sleeved on the tool holder (5) for measuring the axial force borne by the tool holder (5); and / or, The milling and turning spindle also includes a displacement detection device located on the machine base (1) for detecting the displacement of the moving gear plate (31).

9. A machine tool, characterized in that, Including the milling and turning spindle according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A control method for a milling and turning composite spindle according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The control method for the milling-turning composite spindle includes: In turning mode, the actual axial force of the shaft (2) is obtained; When the actual axial force is greater than the preset axial force, the locking gear (33) is controlled to move, so as to drive the moving gear (31) to move. Obtain the actual displacement of the moving gear disk (31); When the actual displacement meets the preset displacement condition, the locking gear (33) is controlled to stop moving.

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