Waste battery material sorting device based on winnowing and electrostatic adsorption

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of waste battery recycling, in particular to a waste battery material sorting device based on winnowing and electrostatic adsorption, which comprises a blast injection unit, a multi-stage sorting unit and a tail gas filtering unit, the multi-stage separation unit comprises a first-stage impurity settling disc, a second-stage magnetic separation disc, a third-stage electrostatic adsorption disc and a fourth-stage tail gas collection disc which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; the blast injection unit is arranged on the side, away from the second-stage magnetic separation disc, of the first-stage impurity settling disc, and the tail gas filtering unit is arranged in the fourth-stage tail gas collecting disc. The air blast injection unit is used for generating upflow, four-stage gradient separation is achieved based on the density, particle size and shape difference of powder materials, the first-stage impurity settling disc can settle and collect large-density particles such as large-mass organic matter and metal particles, and the second-stage magnetic separation disc can capture the ternary positive electrode materials through magnetism of the second-stage magnetic separation disc. The three-stage electrostatic adsorption disc can realize directional adsorption of graphite, and the four-stage tail gas collection disc can collect non-conductive impurities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste battery recycling technology, and in particular to a waste battery material sorting device based on air classification and electrostatic adsorption. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy sources, lithium batteries are gradually reaching their designed service life. Because lithium batteries contain different components such as graphite sheets, silicon particles / fragments, metal fragments, and binder residues, the recycling process of lithium batteries is relatively complex.

[0003] Currently, the main method for recycling lithium batteries is wet acid leaching purification. However, this method uses concentrated sulfuric acid or hydrofluoric acid to leach metal impurities, generating acidic wastewater containing heavy metals or fluorides. The treatment cost accounts for more than 30% of the total recycling cost, and the pollution is severe. At the same time, strong acid corrosion causes the graphite layered structure to collapse, reducing the specific surface area by more than 20%, making it impossible for recycled graphite to be used in high-end batteries.

[0004] Alternatively, high-temperature purification can be used to recycle lithium batteries, but this requires temperatures of 2800℃-3000℃ (super-graphitization temperature), consuming over 8000kWh of electricity per ton of graphite, increasing costs by three times. Furthermore, graphite mass loss exceeds 15% at high temperatures, and the disordered microcrystalline structure leads to capacity reduction. Additionally, the silicon in the battery melts at 1400℃ to form glassy inclusions, which actually reduces purity. Traditional physical separation (flotation or magnetic separation) suffers from insufficient separation precision, insufficient purity, and secondary wastewater pollution. Graphite and silicon / binder have similar densities, resulting in flotation recovery rates below 85%, and the binder's lack of magnetism renders magnetic separation ineffective. Moreover, traditional physical separation yields only 95%-98% carbon content, with silicon residue exceeding 1.5%, failing to meet the requirements for power batteries (silicon content less than 0.3%). Furthermore, flotation requires the addition of chemical reagents, causing wastewater COD levels to exceed limits by 10 times, resulting in secondary wastewater pollution.

[0005] Therefore, existing technologies still need to be improved and developed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a waste battery material sorting device based on wind classification and electrostatic adsorption, which aims to solve the problem that existing waste battery sorting cannot simultaneously achieve environmental protection, low cost and high purity.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A waste battery material sorting device based on air classification and electrostatic adsorption includes an air injection unit, a multi-stage sorting unit, and an exhaust gas filtration unit. The multi-stage sorting unit includes a first-stage impurity settling plate, a second-stage magnetic sorting plate, a third-stage electrostatic adsorption plate, and a fourth-stage exhaust gas collection plate, which are stacked from bottom to top. The blower injection unit is located on the side of the primary impurity settling plate opposite to the secondary magnetic sorting plate, and the exhaust gas filtration unit is located in the quaternary exhaust gas collection plate.

[0008] The waste battery material sorting device based on wind classification and electrostatic adsorption includes an air injection unit comprising a conical barrel, a blower disposed on one side of the tip of the conical barrel, and a turbine disposed inside the conical barrel; the end of the conical barrel opposite to the blower is connected to the primary impurity settling plate.

[0009] The waste battery material sorting device based on wind separation and electrostatic adsorption includes a number of magnetically conductive collection plates arranged in the secondary magnetic sorting disk; and a number of permanent magnets embedded in the magnetically conductive collection plates.

[0010] The waste battery material sorting device based on wind separation and electrostatic adsorption is provided in which several parallel electrode plates are arranged at intervals in the three-stage electrostatic adsorption disk to apply a DC high voltage of 20kV-50kV to form an electrostatic field.

[0011] In the waste battery material sorting device based on wind separation and electrostatic adsorption, the distance between two adjacent parallel electrode plates is 10mm-50mm.

[0012] The waste battery material sorting device based on wind separation and electrostatic adsorption is provided with an insulating partition between the secondary magnetic sorting disk and the tertiary electrostatic adsorption disk.

[0013] The waste battery material sorting device based on wind separation and electrostatic adsorption is provided with a feed inlet on the primary impurity settling plate; a top cover on the fourth-stage exhaust gas collection plate; and a visualization window on the multi-stage sorting unit.

[0014] The waste battery material sorting device based on wind separation and electrostatic adsorption includes a tail gas filtration unit comprising several cylindrical gas collectors and a pulse-type blowing integrated component disposed at one end of several cylindrical gas collectors; the cylindrical gas collectors are coaxial double-layer stainless steel tube structures, with honeycomb-shaped ventilation holes in the inner tube and a filter layer in the outer tube.

[0015] The waste battery material sorting device based on wind separation and electrostatic adsorption has the following features: the diameter of the honeycomb ventilation holes is 0.5mm-1mm; and the filter layer is a ceramic fiber filter layer with a surface modified by a nano-alumina coating.

[0016] The waste battery material sorting device based on wind separation and electrostatic adsorption is wherein the primary impurity settling plate, the secondary magnetic sorting plate, the tertiary electrostatic adsorption plate, and the quaternary exhaust gas collection plate are made of stainless steel, and the surfaces of the primary impurity settling plate, the secondary magnetic sorting plate, the tertiary electrostatic adsorption plate, and the quaternary exhaust gas collection plate are provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene anti-sticking layer.

[0017] Beneficial effects: This invention provides a waste battery material sorting device based on air classification and electrostatic adsorption, including an air injection unit, a multi-stage sorting unit, and a tail gas filtration unit; the multi-stage sorting unit includes a primary impurity settling plate, a secondary magnetic sorting plate, a tertiary electrostatic adsorption plate, and a quaternary tail gas collection plate stacked sequentially from bottom to top; the air injection unit is located on the side of the primary impurity settling plate opposite to the secondary magnetic sorting plate, and the tail gas filtration unit is located inside the quaternary tail gas collection plate. This invention utilizes a blower injection unit to generate an upward airflow, achieving four-stage gradient sorting based on differences in powder material density, particle size, and shape. The first-stage impurity settling disk collects high-density particles such as large organic matter and metal particles. The second-stage magnetic sorting disk uses its magnetism to capture ternary cathode materials. The third-stage electrostatic adsorption disk achieves directional adsorption of graphite, while the fourth-stage exhaust gas collection disk gathers non-conductive impurities. A high-potential-difference pre-charged electric field is formed between the second-stage magnetic sorting disk and the third-stage electrostatic adsorption disk, which, combined with airflow shear force, achieves efficient separation of graphite and binder, improving the purity of waste battery material sorting. Furthermore, using this device to sort waste battery materials reduces production costs and improves environmental protection, avoiding irreversible pollution during the waste battery material sorting process. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a waste battery material sorting device based on wind classification and electrostatic adsorption according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a front view of a waste battery material sorting device based on wind classification and electrostatic adsorption according to the present invention. Figure 3 For along Figure 2 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of line AA; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the disk structure of the primary impurity settling disk, the secondary magnetic separation disk, the tertiary electrostatic adsorption disk, and the quaternary tail gas collection disk. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the turbine structure; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 10 air injection unit, 11 conical barrel, 12 blower, 13 turbine, 20 multi-stage sorting unit, 21 primary impurity settling plate, 211 feed inlet, 22 secondary magnetic sorting plate, 221 magnetically conductive collection plate, 23 tertiary electrostatic adsorption plate, 231 parallel electrode plate, 24 tertiary exhaust gas collection plate, 241 top cover, 25 visualization window, 30 exhaust gas filtration unit, 31 cylindrical gas collector, 32 pulse blowing integrated unit, 40 protective frame, 50 operating table. Detailed Implementation

[0019] This invention provides a waste battery material sorting device based on wind classification and electrostatic adsorption. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this invention clearer and more explicit, the invention is further described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0020] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the same meaning as in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined as herein.

[0021] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides a waste battery material sorting device based on wind classification and electrostatic adsorption, including a blower injection unit 10, a multi-stage sorting unit 20 and an exhaust gas filtration unit 30. The multi-stage sorting unit 20 includes a first-stage impurity settling disk 21, a second-stage magnetic sorting disk 22, a third-stage electrostatic adsorption disk 23, and a fourth-stage exhaust gas collection disk 24, which are stacked from bottom to top. The blower injection unit 10 is located on the side of the primary impurity settling plate 21 away from the secondary magnetic sorting plate 22, and the exhaust gas filtration unit 30 is located inside the quaternary exhaust gas collection plate 24.

[0022] In this embodiment, the differences in density, particle size, shape, and conductivity of different components such as graphite sheets, silicon particles / fragments, metal fragments, and binder residues are utilized. By combining multi-stage combined air classification and high-voltage electrostatic adsorption, efficient, low-consumption, and pollution-free deep separation and purification are achieved, directly producing high-purity sorting electrode materials. This device utilizes an air injection unit to generate an upward airflow, achieving four-stage gradient sorting based on differences in powder material density, particle size, and shape. The first-stage impurity settling disk collects high-density particles such as large organic matter and metal particles. The second-stage magnetic sorting disk uses its magnetism to capture ternary cathode materials. The third-stage electrostatic adsorption disk achieves directional adsorption of graphite, while the fourth-stage exhaust gas collection disk collects non-conductive impurities. A high-potential-difference pre-charged electric field is formed between the second-stage magnetic sorting disk and the third-stage electrostatic adsorption disk, which, combined with airflow shear force, achieves efficient separation of graphite and binder, improving the purity of waste battery material sorting. Furthermore, using this device to sort waste battery materials can reduce production costs and improve environmental protection, avoiding irreversible pollution caused by the waste battery material sorting process.

[0023] Specifically, this invention introduces clean air or inert gas with controllable flow and speed into the bottom of the device through the blower injection unit. Preliminary sorting is performed using the density differences between different substances in the waste battery materials. Heavier metal fragments and other materials sink to the primary impurity settling plate due to gravity, while the powder material is continuously conveyed and driven upwards by pneumatic pressure. After passing through the primary impurity settling plate, heavier particles are collected. The remaining powder contains positive and negative electrode materials and a small amount of fine particulate impurities. The secondary magnetic sorting plate and the tertiary electrostatic adsorption plate are both electrode plates, which can be energized to achieve the positive and negative electrode charging characteristics of the tertiary electrostatic adsorption plate. By charging the tertiary electrostatic adsorption plate, graphite material is attracted, thereby achieving the collection of high-purity graphite negative electrode material. The secondary magnetic sorting plate is made of magnetic material, which can collect ternary positive electrode materials with magnetic characteristics from the battery materials. Finally, the lightest and finest graphite powder and some ultrafine impurities are carried by the airflow to the quaternary exhaust gas collection plate at the top of the device, achieving exhaust gas pretreatment and meeting environmental emission standards.

[0024] In some embodiments, the air injection unit 10 includes a conical barrel 11, a blower 12 disposed on the tip side of the conical barrel 11, and a turbine 13 disposed inside the conical barrel 11; the end of the conical barrel 11 facing away from the blower 12 is connected to the primary impurity settling plate 21. The conical barrel provides a variable cross-section structure, allowing the cross-section of the air injection unit to gradually increase and the airflow velocity to gradually decrease. Fine sorting is achieved using differences in particle size and shape. Flake graphite, due to its larger frontal area and lower density, is more easily carried away by the rising airflow; while particles with slightly higher density, spherical / block-shaped particles, and binder agglomerates settle faster, settling onto the primary impurity settling plate at their respective velocity ranges. The turbine is a conical turbine, which can continuously drive the powder material upwards through pneumatic pressure.

[0025] In some embodiments, the blower injection unit can generate an adjustable upward airflow of 0.5 m / s to 5 m / s, and utilize the differences in powder material density, particle size and shape to achieve four-stage gradient sorting.

[0026] Specifically, the airflow forms a central low-pressure zone, an annular high-speed zone, and a transition shear layer within the multi-stage sorting unit. Based on the Bernoulli effect, the flow velocity in the central low-pressure zone is 0.8-1.5 m / s, which allows heavy particles to settle. Based on boundary layer adsorption, the flow velocity in the annular high-speed zone is 6.0-8.5 m / s, which allows lightweight graphite powder to spiral upwards. Based on vorticity gradient distribution, the flow velocity in the transition shear layer is 2-4 m / s, which allows medium-density particles to be suspended in stages.

[0027] In some embodiments, the secondary magnetic sorting disk 22 is provided with a plurality of magnetically conductive collecting plates 221; a plurality of permanent magnets are embedded in the magnetically conductive collecting plates 221. Preferably, the magnetically conductive collecting plates are equipped with NdFeB permanent magnets (N52 grade) embedded in a Halbach array with a surface magnetic flux density of 0.5T±0.05T to capture ternary cathode materials. The Halbach magnetic array can optimize the magnetic circuit distribution and improve the collection efficiency by 22% compared with conventional magnets.

[0028] Specifically, the magnetically conductive collecting disk is positioned at a height of 70mm-90mm above the central axis of the airflow; preferably, the magnetically conductive collecting disk is positioned at a height of 80mm above the central axis of the airflow; driven by an upward airflow of 1.2m / s, it selectively adsorbs ferromagnetic cathode materials (typically such as LiNi). 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O2) enables magnetic separation of ternary materials from graphite, resulting in a nickel-cobalt-manganese recovery rate of over 95%.

[0029] In some embodiments, the three-stage electrostatic adsorption disk 23 is provided with a plurality of parallel electrode plates 231 spaced apart, which are used to apply a DC high voltage of 20kV-50kV to form an electrostatic field. Through the action of the high-voltage charged plates, fine micro-graphite particles are adsorbed onto the three-stage electrostatic adsorption disk, realizing the collection of high-purity graphite negative electrode material.

[0030] Specifically, the three-stage electrostatic adsorption disk is composed of several parallel and interlaced copper electrode plates. By applying a DC voltage, a non-uniform electric field with a field strength ≥1.5kV / mm and a uniform electric field are formed, establishing an 8kV potential difference with the two-stage magnetic sorting disk, so that the powder passing through the magnetic zone is pre-charged to 10 kV. -5 With a charge density of C / kg, conductive graphite is directionally adsorbed onto the electrode plate surface under the action of Coulomb force. Furthermore, the pre-charging mechanism reduces the energy consumption of the three-stage electrostatic adsorption by 40%. Within the three-stage electrostatic adsorption disk, highly conductive graphite sheets (with a layered conductive structure) are easily induced with charge in the electric field and are strongly adsorbed by electrode plates carrying opposite charges. Non-conductive or weakly conductive impurities, such as binder residues (mostly polymers) and some oxide particles, have poor conductivity and are weakly polarized or unaffected in the electric field, continuing to move with the airflow and ultimately captured by the fourth-stage exhaust gas collection disk. Simultaneously, the graphite powder and positive electrode material adsorbed on the electrode plates are automatically peeled off by periodic power cuts and mechanical scrapers or vibrators, falling into the high-purity graphite collection chamber.

[0031] In this embodiment, the secondary magnetic sorting disk and the tertiary electrostatic adsorption disk are fixed by an alumina ceramic support, and the axial distance between them along the axial direction of the device is 120mm-150mm, forming an electric field gradient between the two stages. Under the coupling action of airflow shear force and electric field force, the pre-charged powder completes the separation of graphite (conductive phase) and residual binder (insulating phase). Preferably, the axial distance is 120mm.

[0032] In some embodiments, the distance between two adjacent parallel electrode plates 231 is 10mm-50mm. By applying a high DC voltage to the parallel electrode plates to form an electrostatic field, conductive graphite can be directionally adsorbed onto the electrode plate surface. Preferably, the distance between two adjacent parallel electrode plates is 15mm, and a 25kV DC voltage is applied to achieve directional graphite adsorption.

[0033] In some embodiments, an insulating partition (not shown) is provided between the secondary magnetic sorting disk and the tertiary electrostatic adsorption disk. The insulating partition separates the secondary magnetic sorting disk and the tertiary electrostatic adsorption disk, creating a potential difference of 5kV-15kV. This causes residual powder passing through the magnetic zone to become pre-charged due to the edge effect of the electrostatic field. After entering the tertiary electrostatic adsorption disk, conductive graphite is adsorbed by the electrode plates under the action of Coulomb force, while non-conductive impurities settle to the tertiary exhaust gas collection disk due to gravity, achieving targeted separation of binder and silicon compounds. Testing shows that this device has a separation efficiency of >98% for silicon impurities and a graphite recovery purity of over 99.5%.

[0034] In some embodiments, the primary impurity settling plate 21 is provided with a feed inlet 211 for feeding the waste battery material to be analyzed into the device; the fourth-stage exhaust gas collection plate 24 is provided with a top cover 241 to improve the airtightness of the device; and the multi-stage sorting unit 20 is provided with a visualization window 25 to facilitate real-time monitoring during the sorting process.

[0035] In some embodiments, the exhaust gas filtration unit 30 includes a plurality of cylindrical gas collectors 31 and a pulse-type air-blowing integrated component 32 disposed at one end of the plurality of cylindrical gas collectors 31; the cylindrical gas collectors 31 are coaxial double-layer stainless steel tube structures, with honeycomb-shaped vent holes in the inner tube and a filter layer in the outer tube. Ultrafine dust is captured by the coaxial double-layer stainless steel tube structure, and the filtration performance is maintained by the pulse-type air-blowing integrated component. The purified gas is then returned to the air injection unit by a variable frequency fan (high-pressure blower) to form an inert gas closed loop, achieving a series of functions such as graded recovery and material purification.

[0036] In some embodiments, the inner tube has a wall thickness of 2 mm.

[0037] In some embodiments, the diameter of the honeycomb-shaped vents is 0.5mm-1mm; the filter layer is a ceramic fiber filter layer with a surface modified by a nano-alumina coating. The filter layer adsorbs ultrafine particles with a particle size ≥0.3μm through the synergistic adsorption of van der Waals forces and electrostatic attraction, with a measured collection efficiency ≥99.97%; the pulsed air blowing assembly consists of an annular high-pressure air chamber and 24 radially evenly distributed titanium alloy nozzles, which generate a 0.5MPa pulsed airflow every 60s and spray it in the reverse direction along the normal direction of the filter layer, causing the accumulated particles to fall into the bottom ash hopper and maintaining the system pressure drop stable at <50Pa.

[0038] Specifically, the exhaust gas filtration unit includes a two-stage interception mechanism: a primary honeycomb venting layer traps particles >10μm (95% efficiency), and a secondary ceramic fiber filter layer captures particles from 0.3μm to 10μm (99% efficiency). The purified gas is then pressurized by a variable frequency fan to reduce the oxygen content to <50ppm before returning to the blower injection unit, forming an inert gas closed-loop system. The pulse-type blowing assembly is interlocked with the high-pressure blower, automatically triggering a pulse backflushing program when the blower speed drops to 30% of its rated value, ensuring that the system pressure fluctuation range is ≤±5kPa.

[0039] In some embodiments, the thickness of the filter layer is 20 mm, and the porosity of the filter layer is ≥85%.

[0040] In some implementations, such as Figure 4 As shown, the surfaces of the primary impurity settling tray, the secondary magnetic separation tray, the tertiary electrostatic adsorption tray, and the quaternary tail gas collection tray are provided with several through holes; the primary impurity settling tray, the secondary magnetic separation tray, the tertiary electrostatic adsorption tray, and the quaternary tail gas collection tray are made of stainless steel; the surfaces of the primary impurity settling tray, the secondary magnetic separation tray, the tertiary electrostatic adsorption tray, and the quaternary tail gas collection tray are provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) anti-stick layer. The thickness of the PTFE anti-stick layer is 50 μm. The tray design increases the impurity sliding velocity to 0.8 m / s, avoiding channel blockage caused by accumulation.

[0041] Specifically, it captures particles with a density >2.2 g / cm³ through gravity sedimentation. 3 Non-charged materials; targeted collection of silicon compound particles (Si / SiO) x The particle size of the impurities (5-200 μm), PVDF agglomerates of organic binder, and conductive adhesive residues were detected by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), which showed an impurity collection efficiency of ≥92%.

[0042] In some embodiments, the turbine and the conical barrel constitute an eddy current separator, forming a composite power system; such as Figure 5 As shown, the turbine contains six 30° twisted titanium alloy blades (150 mm in diameter), which generate an adjustable upward airflow of 1.2-2.0 m / s at a speed of 3000 r / min. The conical barrel (60° apex angle) forms a 5 mm annular slit with the cavity wall, which accelerates the airflow to 8.5 m / s to generate the Coanda effect, driving the particles to spiral upward along the cavity wall (Reynolds number Re=2500, which is a turbulent state).

[0043] In some embodiments, the waste battery material sorting device further includes a protective frame 40 and an operating table 50; the operating table 50 is arranged around the air injection unit so that the air injection unit can be fixed on the operating table 50; the protective frame 40 is arranged around the operating table 50 to improve the safety of the device.

[0044] In summary, the present invention provides a waste battery material sorting device based on air separation and electrostatic adsorption, comprising an air injection unit, a multi-stage sorting unit, and a tail gas filtration unit; the multi-stage sorting unit comprises a primary impurity settling plate, a secondary magnetic sorting plate, a tertiary electrostatic adsorption plate, and a quaternary tail gas collection plate stacked sequentially from bottom to top; the air injection unit is disposed on the side of the primary impurity settling plate opposite to the secondary magnetic sorting plate, and the tail gas filtration unit is disposed within the quaternary tail gas collection plate. This invention utilizes a blower injection unit to generate an upward airflow, achieving four-stage gradient sorting based on differences in powder material density, particle size, and shape. The first-stage impurity settling disk collects high-density particles such as large organic matter and metal particles. The second-stage magnetic sorting disk uses its magnetism to capture ternary cathode materials. The third-stage electrostatic adsorption disk achieves directional adsorption of graphite, while the fourth-stage exhaust gas collection disk gathers non-conductive impurities. A high-potential-difference pre-charged electric field is formed between the second-stage magnetic sorting disk and the third-stage electrostatic adsorption disk, which, combined with airflow shear force, achieves efficient separation of graphite and binder, improving the purity of waste battery material sorting. Furthermore, using this device to sort waste battery materials reduces production costs and improves environmental protection, avoiding irreversible pollution during the waste battery material sorting process.

[0045] This invention, for the first time, solves the problem of balancing "environmental protection, cost, and purity" in the field of graphite regeneration by coupling "airflow density sorting + electrostatic conductivity screening" with dual physical fields, achieving the goals of zero pollution, low cost, and battery-grade purity simultaneously. It combines multi-stage variable cross-section air separation with high-voltage electrostatic adsorption to achieve a combined dry purification process of "air separation tower + electrostatics," fully utilizing the complementary and enhanced separation of various physical properties (density, particle size, shape, and conductivity) of different components, significantly improving separation accuracy and purity. By changing the conical cross-sectional area of ​​the lower part of the tower and using eddy current separators to precisely control the airflow velocity in each section, it achieves graded sedimentation based on density and particle size / shape, resulting in a simple and efficient structure that solves the problem of single airflow velocity being insufficient to handle different impurities. For the most difficult-to-remove non-metallic impurities with physical properties similar to graphite, it utilizes graphite's excellent conductivity for efficient selective adsorption, achieving high-efficiency recovery of positive and negative electrode materials and breaking through the purity bottleneck. This device enables the sorting of waste battery materials. The entire process is dry and pollution-free, completely avoiding the use of strong acids, strong alkalis, or high temperatures. No wastewater or waste acid is generated, resulting in significant environmental advantages and significantly lower operating costs compared to wet and high-temperature methods.

[0046] It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the examples above. Those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A waste battery material sorting device based on air selection and electrostatic adsorption, characterized in that, The air injection unit, the multi-stage separation unit and the tail gas filtering unit are included. The multi-stage separation unit includes a first impurity settling disc, a second magnetic separation disc, a third electrostatic adsorption disc and a fourth tail gas collecting disc which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top. The air injection unit is arranged on the side of the first impurity settling disc away from the second magnetic separation disc, and the tail gas filtering unit is arranged in the fourth tail gas collecting disc.

2. The wind and electrostatic sorting based waste battery material sorting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The air injection unit includes a conical barrel, an air blower arranged on the side of the tip of the conical barrel, and a turbine arranged inside the conical barrel.

3. The wind and electrostatic sorting based waste battery material sorting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The end of the conical barrel away from the air blower is connected with the first impurity settling disc.

4. The wind and electrostatic sorting based waste battery material sorting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The second magnetic separation disc is provided with a plurality of magnetic conductive collecting plates.

5. The wind and electrostatic sorting based waste battery material sorting device as claimed in claim 4, wherein, The third electrostatic adsorption disc is provided with a plurality of parallel electrode plates arranged at intervals for applying a direct current high voltage of 20kV-50kV to form an electrostatic field.

6. The wind and electrostatic sorting based waste battery material sorting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The distance between adjacent two parallel electrode plates is 10mm-50mm.

7. The wind and electrostatic sorting based waste battery material sorting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, An insulating partition plate is arranged between the second magnetic separation disc and the third electrostatic adsorption disc.

8. The wind and electrostatic sorting based waste battery material sorting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The first impurity settling disc is provided with a feeding port, the fourth tail gas collecting disc is provided with a top end cover, and the multi-stage separation unit is provided with a visual window.

9. The wind and electrostatic sorting based waste battery material sorting device as claimed in claim 8, wherein, The tail gas filtering unit includes a plurality of cylindrical gas collecting members and a pulse blowing integrated member arranged on one end of the cylindrical gas collecting members.

10. The wind and electrostatic sorting based waste battery material sorting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The cylindrical gas collecting member is a coaxial double-layer stainless steel pipe structure, the inner pipe body is provided with a honeycomb-shaped vent hole, and the outer pipe body is provided with a filter layer. The diameter of the honeycomb-shaped vent hole is 0.5mm-1mm, and the filter layer is a ceramic fiber filter layer coated with a nano-alumina coating on the surface. The first impurity settling disc, the second magnetic separation disc, the third electrostatic adsorption disc and the fourth tail gas collecting disc are made of stainless steel, and the surface of the first impurity settling disc, the second magnetic separation disc, the third electrostatic adsorption disc and the fourth tail gas collecting disc is provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene anti-sticking layer.

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