Method for preparing high-performance capacitor carbon material through spray drying and synchronous carbonization and activation one-step method

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a high-performance capacitor carbon material by a spray-drying synchronous carbonization and activation one-step method, which is a method for preparing the high-performance capacitor carbon material by taking lignin as a raw material through the spray-drying synchronous carbonization and activation one-step method. The non-uniformity of traditional mechanical mixing is avoided, and the activation efficiency is remarkably improved; meanwhile, the method is suitable for various industrial lignin (such as lignin extracted from papermaking black liquor) and activator systems, and is suitable for large-scale and industrial production of supercapacitor electrode materials.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of biomass high-value utilization and new energy materials, and particularly relates to a method for preparing high-performance capacitive carbon materials by a spray drying and carbonization activation one-step method. BACKGROUND

[0002] High-performance capacitive carbon materials are a kind of advanced carbon materials with super large specific surface area, developed pore structure, excellent electrical conductivity and chemical stability, and are mainly used as core electrode materials of new energy storage devices such as supercapacitors, lead-carbon batteries, sodium ion capacitors, etc. Capacitive carbon is widely used in supercapacitor electrode materials due to its high specific surface area, excellent electrical conductivity and stable chemical properties, and is applied in the fields of new energy vehicles, high-speed rails, wind power, communication base stations, aerospace and military industry, etc.

[0003] Structural and performance characteristics of high-performance capacitive carbon materials: 1. Super large specific surface area: the BET area of commercial capacitive carbon is usually 1500-2500 m 2 g -1 , and can be as high as 3000 m²g -1 , which provides sufficient interface for charge storage.

[0004] 2. Hierarchical pore structure: micropores (<2 nm) provide high specific capacitance, mesopores (2-50 nm) shorten the ion diffusion path, and macropores (>50 nm) construct an ion buffer library, which synergistically improves the rate performance and power density.

[0005] 3. Heteroatom doping: atoms such as N, S, B and P enter the carbon skeleton, which can introduce pseudo-capacitance, improve wettability and enhance electronic conductivity; for example, the mass specific capacitance of N / S doped samples at 0.5A -1 is 333.5 F / g, and the capacity retention rate is >95% after 5000 cycles.

[0006] 4. High-conductivity network: graphitized domains and three-dimensional crosslinked skeleton reduce the equivalent series resistance, realizing high-power output (>10 kWkg -1 ).

[0007] The preparation method of high-performance capacitive carbon materials is as follows: 1. Raw material selection: Biomass (lignin, coconut shell, bamboo chips, coal tar pitch, etc.) is low in cost and renewable; Industrial by-products (lignin sulfonate in papermaking black liquor) are used to realize waste-to-resource.

[0008] 2. Activation-template coupling: KOH / Na2CO3 chemical activation + gas physical activation to construct hierarchical pores.

[0009] Soft / hard template (Na2S2O3, SiO2 ball) controls two-dimensional nanosheet or three-dimensional honeycomb structure, avoiding pore blockage.

[0010] 3, In-situ doping of heteroatoms: Introducing urea, sodium thiosulfate and the like in the carbonization stage makes N / S and the like elements uniformly embedded, reducing post-treatment pollution.

[0011] 4, Two-stage process of low-temperature pre-carbonization and high-temperature graphitization: taking into account yield, energy consumption and electrical conductivity.

[0012] In summary, the traditional preparation method usually includes multiple independent steps such as carbonization and activation, and the process is complex and energy-consuming, and is prone to cause uneven distribution of activator, unstable product performance and other problems.

[0013] Lignin, as a renewable biomass resource, has aromatic structure and rich carbon content, and is an ideal precursor for preparing capacitive carbon. However, the preparation of lignin-based capacitive carbon in the prior art often has problems such as low activation efficiency and uncontrollable particle morphology, which limits its electrochemical performance and large-scale application.

[0014] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an efficient, energy-saving and continuous production method for preparing lignin-based capacitive carbon. SUMMARY

[0015] In view of the problem that the prior art lacks an efficient, energy-saving and continuous production method for preparing lignin-based capacitive carbon, the present application provides a method for preparing high-performance capacitive carbon material by one-step spray drying and simultaneous carbonization and activation, which is a method for preparing high-performance capacitive carbon material by one-step spray drying and simultaneous carbonization and activation using lignin as raw material. The method realizes the full dispersion of the activator in the lignin, avoids the unevenness of traditional mechanical mixing, significantly improves the activation efficiency; at the same time, the method is suitable for various industrial lignins (such as papermaking black liquor extracted lignin) and activator systems, and is suitable for the large-scale and industrialized production of supercapacitor electrode materials.

[0016] The object of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions: A method for preparing high-performance capacitive carbon material by one-step spray drying and simultaneous carbonization and activation, comprising the following steps: S1, preparation of lignin-activator mixed solution: Lignin and activator are dissolved in deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:(1-4), and the mixture is magnetically stirred at 500-1000 rpm for 30-60 min to form a 5-20 wt.% mixed solution. The mixed solution is then passed through a spray dryer and atomized at an inlet temperature of 120-200℃, an outlet temperature of 100-150℃, an atomization pressure of 0.5-1.0 MPa, and a feed rate of 15-30 mL / min to obtain uniformly mixed lignin and activator particles to be carbonized. The lignin mentioned is selected from alkali lignin, enzymatically hydrolyzed lignin, and acid-insoluble lignin; The activator is selected from at least one of KOH, ZnCl2 and K2CO3; S2. Spray drying and simultaneous carbonization activation: The particles to be carbonized obtained from S1 are placed in a ceramic boat and then placed in a carbonization activation furnace. The temperature is increased from room temperature to 600-800℃ at a rate of 2-6℃ / min for carbonization activation. The carbonization activation time is 1-3 h, while inert gas is introduced at a flow rate of 0.2-0.5 L / min. S3. Acid post-treatment purification: After S2 carbonization activation is complete, soak the carbonized product in 0.1-1 mol / L dilute acid for 30-90 seconds. Then transfer the acid-treated carbonized product to a centrifuge tube and centrifuge at 4000-6000 rpm for 10-20 minutes to separate the precipitate. Add 20-30 mL of deionized water to the centrifuge tube and centrifuge at 4000-6000 rpm for 5-10 minutes. Pour off the supernatant to separate the precipitate. Repeat this step until the pH of the supernatant is 6-7. The centrifuged wet sample was transferred to a petri dish and dried to obtain the desired high-performance lignin-based capacitor carbon, which has a specific surface area of ​​2072-2672 m². 2 / g, total pore volume is 1.26-1.54 cm³ 3 / g; Microporous specific surface area is 1528-2164 m² 2 / g, with a micropore volume of 0.93-1.25 cm³. 3 / g; mesoporous specific surface area is 172-544 m² 2 / g, mesoporous pore volume is 0.10-0.33 cm³ 3 / g; at current densities of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 A / g, C m The values ​​are 398-635, 201-311, 95-154, 48-62, and 22-31 F / g, respectively; the electrochemical impedance is 0.652-0.857 Ω, and the capacitance retention is 90-95%.

[0017] Furthermore, in S1, lignin and activator are in a mass ratio of 1:(1.5-3).

[0018] In S1, a mixed solution of 8-15 wt.% is formed.

[0019] In S1, the feed is dried by spray drying at an inlet temperature of 120-200℃, an outlet temperature of 100-150℃, an atomization pressure of 0.6-0.8 MPa, and a feed rate of 20-25 mL / min.

[0020] Furthermore, the carbonization activation described in S2 involves raising the temperature from room temperature to 700-750℃ at a rate of 3-5℃ / min, with a carbonization activation time of 1-3 h.

[0021] The inert gas mentioned in S2 is selected from nitrogen, helium, neon, argon or xenon.

[0022] Furthermore, the dilute acid mentioned in S3 is selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, or oxalic acid.

[0023] The drying process described in S3 involves treating the product in a vacuum drying oven at 40°C for 15-24 hours.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention discloses a one-step method for preparing high-performance capacitor carbon materials by spray drying and simultaneous carbonization and activation. This method successfully combines precursor granulation with activator mixing, achieving full dispersion of the activator in lignin, avoiding the inhomogeneity of traditional mechanical mixing, significantly improving activation efficiency, and giving the capacitor carbon material good electrochemical performance. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of a one-step method for preparing high-performance capacitor carbon materials using spray drying, simultaneous carbonization, and activation, as described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to examples.

[0027] Indicator Measurement 1. Specific surface area and porosity analysis The lignin-based capacitive carbon samples were subjected to low-temperature nitrogen isothermal adsorption-desorption analysis using a micropore analyzer (ASAP 2460) at 77 K (liquid nitrogen bath). The surface area and pore volume of the samples were calculated using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) analytical theories.

[0028] 2. Electrochemical performance testing The electrochemical performance of lignin-based capacitive carbon samples was analyzed using a CHI 600E electrochemical workstation. The electrolyte was 6 mol / L KOH. A saturated calomel electrode (SCE) was used as the reference electrode, a platinum sheet as the counter electrode, and the sample as the working electrode. The voltage window for the test was set to 0–1.0 V (vs. SCE).

[0029] 2.1 Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge (GCD) Test The current densities used are 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 A / g. The specific capacitance C... m The value of (F / g) can be estimated based on the GCD curve, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0030] Where I represents the current magnitude in A; Δt represents the charging or discharging time in s; ΔV represents the voltage window range in V; and m represents the mass of the electrode active material in g.

[0031] 2.2 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) The supercapacitor carbon sample was tested under an open-circuit voltage to obtain the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the supercapacitor. The voltage amplitude used was 5mV and the frequency ranged from 0.01Hz to 100Hz.

[0032] 5.2.3 Cyclic stability test The carbon capacitor sample was placed under a current density of 10 A / g and subjected to 5000 charge-discharge cycles, and its capacitance retention rate was measured. Example 1

[0033] A method for preparing high-performance capacitor carbon materials in a one-step process of spray drying, simultaneous carbonization, and activation, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: S1. Lignin Dissolution and Spray Drying: Alkali lignin and KOH were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:2 and dissolved in deionized water to form a 10 wt.% solution. The solution was magnetically stirred for 45 min (800 rpm). The spray drying parameters were set as follows: inlet temperature 180℃, outlet temperature 120℃, atomization pressure 0.7 MPa, and feed rate 22 mL / min. The alkaline mixed solution of lignin and KOH was injected into the spray dryer to obtain mixed precursor particles of lignin and activator. S2. Carbonization and activation: Place the precursor particles to be produced into a ceramic boat and put it into a carbonization and activation furnace. The temperature is increased from room temperature to 800℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min for carbonization and activation. The carbonization and activation time is 2 h. At the same time, inert nitrogen gas is introduced at a flow rate of 0.3 L / min. S3. Post-acid washing treatment: After carbonization activation, the carbonized product was soaked in 1 mol / L dilute hydrochloric acid for 60s. Then, the acid-treated carbonized product was transferred to a centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 min to separate the precipitate. 30 mL of deionized water was added to the centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was poured off to separate the precipitate. This step was repeated until the pH of the supernatant was 6-7. The centrifuged wet sample was transferred to a petri dish and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 40℃ for 15 h to obtain the desired high-performance lignin-based capacitor carbon.

[0034] Characterization analysis: The specific surface area of ​​lignin-based capacitor carbon is 2158 m². 2 / g, total pore volume is 1.34 cm³ 3 / g; Microporous specific surface area is 1986 m² 2 / g, micropore volume is 1.24 cm³ 3 / g; mesoporous specific surface area is 172 m² 2 / g, mesoporous pore volume is 0.10 cm³ 3 / g; at current densities of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 A / g, C m The values ​​are 475, 237, 119, 60, and 31 F / g, respectively; the electrochemical impedance is 0.712 Ω, and the capacitance retention is 92%. Example 2

[0035] A method for preparing high-performance capacitor carbon materials in a one-step process of spray drying, simultaneous carbonization, and activation includes the following steps: S1. Lignin Dissolution and Spray Drying: Enzymatically hydrolyzed lignin and K2CO3 were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:3 and dissolved in deionized water to form a 15 wt.% solution. The solution was magnetically stirred for 60 min (1000 rpm). The spray drying parameters were set as follows: inlet temperature 200℃, outlet temperature 150℃, atomization pressure 0.8 MPa, and feed rate 20 mL / min. The mixed solution of lignin and K2CO3 was injected into the spray dryer to obtain mixed precursor particles of lignin and activator. S2. Carbonization and Activation: Place the precursor particles to be produced into a ceramic boat and put it into a carbonization and activation furnace. The temperature is increased from room temperature to 700℃ at 3℃ / min for carbonization and activation. The carbonization and activation time is 1 h. At the same time, inert gas helium is introduced at a flow rate of 0.2 L / min. S3. Post-acid washing treatment: After carbonization activation, the carbonized product was soaked in 0.5 mol / L dilute formic acid for 60s. Then, the acid-treated carbonized product was transferred to a centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 min to separate the precipitate. 30 mL of deionized water was added to the centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was poured off to separate the precipitate. This step was repeated until the pH of the supernatant was 6-7. The centrifuged wet sample was transferred to a petri dish and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 40℃ for 24 h to obtain the desired high-performance lignin-based capacitor carbon.

[0036] Characterization analysis: The specific surface area of ​​lignin-based capacitor carbon is 2672 m². 2 / g, total pore volume is 1.54 cm³ 3 / g; Microporous specific surface area is 2164 m² 2 / g, micropore volume is 1.25 cm³ 3 / g; mesoporous specific surface area is 456 m² 2 / g, mesoporous pore volume is 0.26 cm³ 3 / g; at current densities of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 A / g, C m The values ​​are 635, 311, 154, 62, and 30 F / g, respectively; the electrochemical impedance is 0.652 Ω, and the capacitance retention is 95%. Example 3

[0037] A method for preparing high-performance capacitor carbon materials in a one-step process of spray drying, simultaneous carbonization, and activation includes the following steps: S1. Lignin Dissolution and Spray Drying: Sulfate lignin and ZnCl2 were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1 and dissolved in deionized water to form an 8 wt.% solution. The solution was magnetically stirred for 40 min (600 rpm). The spray drying parameters were set as follows: inlet temperature 140℃, outlet temperature 100℃, atomization pressure 0.6 MPa, and feed rate 18 mL / min. The mixed solution of lignin and ZnCl2 was injected into the spray dryer to obtain mixed precursor particles of lignin and activator. S2. Carbonization and activation: Place the precursor particles to be produced into a ceramic boat and place it in a carbonization and activation furnace. The temperature is increased from room temperature to 600℃ at a rate of 4℃ / min for carbonization and activation. The carbonization and activation time is 1 h. At the same time, inert nitrogen gas is introduced at a flow rate of 0.4 L / min. S3. Post-acid washing treatment: After carbonization activation, the carbonized product was soaked in 1 mol / L dilute sulfuric acid for 60s. Then, the acid-treated carbonized product was transferred to a centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 15 min to separate the precipitate. 30 mL of deionized water was added to the centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 15 min. The supernatant was poured off to separate the precipitate. This step was repeated until the pH of the supernatant was 6-7. The centrifuged wet sample was transferred to a petri dish and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 40℃ for 18 h to obtain the desired high-performance lignin-based capacitor carbon.

[0038] Characterization analysis: The specific surface area of ​​lignin-based capacitor carbon is 2072 m². 2 / g, total pore volume is 1.26 cm³ 3 / g; Microporous specific surface area is 1528 m² 2 / g, micropore volume is 0.93 cm³ 3 / g; Mesoporous specific surface area is 544 m² 2 / g, mesoporous pore volume is 0.33 cm³ 3 / g; at current densities of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 A / g, C m The values ​​are 398, 201, 95, 48, and 22 F / g, respectively; the electrochemical impedance is 0.857 Ω, and the capacitance retention is 90%.

[0039] Comparative Example 1 S1 is consistent with Example 1; S2. Carbonization and activation: Alkali lignin and KOH are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:2 and placed in a carbonization and activation furnace. The temperature is increased from room temperature to 800℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min for carbonization and activation for 2 hours. At the same time, inert nitrogen gas is introduced at a flow rate of 0.3 L / min. S3. Post-pickling treatment: consistent with Example 1.

[0040] Characterization analysis: The specific surface area of ​​lignin-based capacitor carbon is 874 m². 2 / g, total pore volume is 0.65 cm³ 3 / g; Microporous specific surface area 788m² 2 / g, micropore volume is 0.59 cm³ 3 / g; mesoporous specific surface area is 86 m² 2 / g, mesoporous pore volume is 0.06 cm³ 3 / g; at current densities of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 A / g, C m The values ​​were 147, 73, 36, 15, and 7 F / g, respectively; the electrochemical impedance was 1.547 Ω, and the capacitance retention was 76%.

[0041] Comparative Example 2 S1 is consistent with Example 1; S2. Carbonization and Activation: The enzymatically hydrolyzed lignin and K2CO3 are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:3 and placed in a carbonization and activation furnace. The temperature is increased from room temperature to 700℃ at a rate of 3℃ / min for carbonization and activation for 1 h. At the same time, inert gas helium is introduced at a flow rate of 0.2 L / min. S3. Post-pickling treatment: consistent with Example 1.

[0042] Characterization analysis: The specific surface area of ​​lignin-based capacitor carbon is 905 m². 2 / g, total pore volume is 0.68 cm³ 3 / g; Microporous specific surface area 834m² 2 / g, micropore volume is 0.63 cm³ 3 / g; mesoporous specific surface area is 71 m² 2 / g, mesoporous pore volume is 0.05 cm³ 3 / g; at current densities of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 A / g, C m The values ​​were 158, 75, 34, 18, and 10 F / g, respectively; the electrochemical impedance was 1.493 Ω, and the capacitance retention was 78%.

[0043] Results and Discussion: 1. By comparing Examples 1-3 with Comparative Examples 1-2, it can be seen that introducing spray drying into the preparation process of lignin precursors in the examples can significantly increase the specific surface area, pore volume, and electrochemical performance of capacitive carbon. Specifically, Comparative Example 1 did not use spray drying to obtain the lignin precursor; after direct carbonization and activation, the specific surface area of ​​the lignin-based capacitive carbon was only 874 m². 2 / g, total pore volume is 0.65 cm³ 3 / g; while in Example 1, lignin-based capacitor carbon was prepared using a spray drying and simultaneous carbonization and activation method, with a specific surface area of ​​2158 m². 2 / g, total pore volume is 1.34 cm³ 3 / g; compared with the two, the specific surface area and total pore volume increased by 146% and 106% respectively, the specific capacitance increased by 223% (@0.5 A / g), the electrochemical impedance decreased by 53.9%, and the capacitance retention rate increased by 16%.

[0044] 2. By comparing Comparative Example 2 and Example 2, it can be seen that Comparative Example 2 did not use spray drying to obtain the lignin precursor, and the specific surface area of ​​the lignin-based capacitive carbon after direct carbonization and activation was only 905 m². 2 / g, total pore volume is 0.68 cm³ 3 / g; while in Example 2, lignin-based capacitor carbon was prepared using a spray drying and simultaneous carbonization activation method, with a specific surface area of ​​2672 m². 2 / g, total pore volume is 1.54 cm³ 3 Compared with the previous method, the specific surface area and total pore volume increased by 195% and 126% respectively, the specific capacitance increased by 301% (@0.5 A / g), the electrochemical impedance decreased by 56.3%, and the capacitance retention rate increased by 17%. This indicates that the method of the present invention can significantly improve the electrochemical performance of lignin-based capacitive carbon.

[0045] 3. This invention achieves uniform mixing of lignin and activator through spray drying, combined with one-step carbonization activation, successfully preparing lignin-based capacitor carbon with a high specific surface area (2000–2500 m² / g). Compared to traditional mechanical mixing methods, this method significantly improves the uniformity of activator dispersion, increasing the specific capacitance by more than 50% (to 200–320 F / g@1 A / g); after 5000 cycles at a high current density of 10 A / g, the capacity retention rate remains stable at 90-95%. This green and efficient method provides a reliable technical path for the large-scale production of lignin-based capacitor carbon.

[0046] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made based on the essence of the content of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing high-performance capacitor carbon materials in a one-step process of spray drying, simultaneous carbonization, and activation, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of lignin-activator mixed solution: Lignin and activator are dissolved in deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:(1-4), and the mixture is magnetically stirred at 500-1000 rpm for 30-60 min to form a 5-20 wt.% mixed solution. The mixed solution is then passed through a spray dryer and atomized at an inlet temperature of 120-200℃, an outlet temperature of 100-150℃, an atomization pressure of 0.5-1.0 MPa, and a feed rate of 15-30 mL / min to obtain uniformly mixed lignin and activator particles to be carbonized. The lignin mentioned is selected from alkali lignin, enzymatically hydrolyzed lignin, and acid-insoluble lignin; The activator is selected from at least one of KOH, ZnCl2 and K2CO3; S2. Spray drying and simultaneous carbonization activation: The particles to be carbonized obtained from S1 are placed in a ceramic boat and then placed in a carbonization activation furnace. The temperature is increased from room temperature to 600-800℃ at a rate of 2-6℃ / min for carbonization activation. The carbonization activation time is 1-3 h, while inert gas is introduced at a flow rate of 0.2-0.5 L / min. S3. Acid post-treatment purification: After S2 carbonization activation is complete, soak the carbonized product in 0.1-1 mol / L dilute acid for 30-90 seconds. Then transfer the acid-treated carbonized product to a centrifuge tube and centrifuge at 4000-6000 rpm for 10-20 minutes to separate the precipitate. Add 20-30 mL of deionized water to the centrifuge tube and centrifuge at 4000-6000 rpm for 5-10 minutes. Pour off the supernatant to separate the precipitate. Repeat this step until the pH of the supernatant is 6-7. The centrifuged wet sample was transferred to a petri dish and dried to obtain the desired high-performance lignin-based capacitor carbon, which has a specific surface area of ​​2072-2672 m². 2 / g, total pore volume is 1.26-1.54 cm³ 3 / g; Microporous specific surface area is 1528-2164 m² 2 / g, with a micropore volume of 0.93-1.25 cm³. 3 / g; mesoporous specific surface area is 172-544 m² 2 / g, mesoporous pore volume is 0.10-0.33 cm³ 3 / g; at current densities of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 A / g, C m The values ​​are 398-635, 201-311, 95-154, 48-62, and 22-31 F / g, respectively; the electrochemical impedance is 0.652-0.857 Ω, and the capacitance retention is 90-95%.

2. The method for preparing high-performance capacitor carbon materials in a one-step process of spray drying, simultaneous carbonization, and activation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, lignin and activator are in a mass ratio of 1:(1.5-3).

3. The method for preparing high-performance capacitor carbon materials in a one-step process of spray drying, simultaneous carbonization, and activation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, a mixed solution of 8-15 wt.% is formed.

4. The method for preparing high-performance capacitor carbon materials in a one-step process of spray drying, simultaneous carbonization, and activation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the feed is dried by spray drying at an inlet temperature of 120-200℃, an outlet temperature of 100-150℃, an atomization pressure of 0.6-0.8 MPa, and a feed rate of 20-25 mL / min.

5. The method for preparing high-performance capacitor carbon materials in a one-step process of spray drying, simultaneous carbonization, and activation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbonization activation described in S2 involves raising the temperature from room temperature to 700-750℃ at a rate of 3-5℃ / min, with a carbonization activation time of 1-3 h.

6. The method for preparing high-performance capacitor carbon materials in a one-step process of spray drying, simultaneous carbonization, and activation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inert gas mentioned in S2 is selected from nitrogen, helium, neon, argon or xenon.

7. The method for preparing high-performance capacitor carbon materials in a one-step process of spray drying, simultaneous carbonization, and activation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dilute acid mentioned in S3 is selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, or oxalic acid.

8. The method for preparing high-performance capacitor carbon materials in a one-step process of spray drying, simultaneous carbonization, and activation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying process described in S3 involves treating the product in a vacuum drying oven at 40°C for 15-24 hours.

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