A small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna for assisting satellite communication

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of circularly polarized antennas, and discloses a small-sized circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna for assisting satellite communication, which is provided with a dielectric layer provided with a plurality of metal through holes, metal resonance structures arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric layer and a metal ground plate; the metal resonance structure comprises a plurality of metaline units arranged in a periodic mode along a horizontal direction, each metaline unit comprising: an upper metal stub, a metal main arm and a lower metal stub arranged in a sequential mode along a vertical direction; a first PIN diode is connected with the metal main arm at a positive electrode and connected with the upper metal stub at a negative electrode; a second PIN diode is connected with the lower metal stub at a positive electrode and connected with the metal main arm at a negative electrode; and the metal ground plate is connected with the metal stubs of the metal resonance structure through the metal through holes. PIN diodes are integrated between the metal main arm and the two side grounding metal stubs, the on and off states are switched by controlling the bias voltage, and the polarization direction is adaptively adjusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of circularly polarized antenna technology, and in particular to a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna for assisting satellite communication. Background Technology

[0002] Circularly polarized antennas effectively suppress polarization mismatch and improve signal reliability by radiating a rotating electromagnetic field. In recent years, circularly polarized antennas have been widely used in satellite communications, BeiDou / GPS navigation, radio frequency identification, and other fields. Against this backdrop, innovative design of antenna structures is of greater engineering practical value than pursuing a single high-performance indicator.

[0003] However, in practical applications, when satellites communicate with ground terminals, the polarization alignment of the communication link is difficult to maintain constant due to the continuous changes in the satellite's on-orbit attitude or the ground terminal being in a moving state. This polarization mismatch leads to the risk of signal attenuation and interruption in the communication system. In addition, in inter-satellite links in low Earth orbit, the existence of polarization mismatch makes it impossible to guarantee the quality and stability of the communication link due to the continuous relative motion of the satellite platform.

[0004] To address the limitations of traditional fixed-polarization antennas, the paper "H. Nakano, K. Sakata and J. Yamauchi, 'Linearly and circularly polarized radiation from metaline antennas,' 2016 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), Cocoa Beach, FL, USA, 2016, pp. 142-143" proposes four types of metamaterial transmission line antennas (metaline antennas) that achieve linear and circular polarization radiation through different unit structure designs. In one design, the current in a unidirectionally grounded metal stub interacts with the current in the main arm of the metal wire to generate two orthogonal electric field components with equal amplitude and a 90-degree phase difference, thus synthesizing a circularly polarized wave. The orientation of the stub determines the phase relationship between these two components, and consequently, the direction of circular polarization. The paper “T. Abe, J. Yamauchi and H. Nakano, Circularly Polarized Dual-band Fan-beam Metaline-based Antenna, 2020 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), Osaka, Japan, 2021, pp. 81-82” proposes a metaline-based circularly polarized dual-band antenna that utilizes two circularly polarized metaline arrays to achieve circularly polarized radiation. Each antenna is constructed from multiple metaline elements printed on a dielectric substrate. Its element structure includes metal grounded stubs and metal main arms acting as inductors and capacitors. By adjusting these parameters, the desired phase difference is generated, thereby supporting circularly polarized waves.The paper "H. Nakano, T. Abe and J. Yamauchi, "Circularly Polarized Broadside Beam Radiated From a Large, Low-Profile Metaloop Antenna," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 29-38, Jan. 2023" mainly utilizes C-type or N-type metal elements to construct a ring structure and operate in the negative phase constant region to excite traveling wave currents to generate circularly polarized waves. In particular, the use of N-type metal elements further optimizes the circularly polarized radiation performance, and successfully realizes a circularly polarized antenna design with low profile, high gain, and usable internal space.

[0005] However, to achieve circular polarization, the metalline structure grounds the resistor at the end of the periodic arrangement. The absorbing load in the antenna directly dissipates radio frequency energy, converting it into heat rather than electromagnetic radiation. This inevitably leads to a reduction in antenna gain and efficiency, ultimately shortening communication distance, degrading link quality, and increasing system power consumption. Furthermore, existing methods, which determine the phase relationship of two orthogonal electric field components through a single stub direction, can only achieve left- or right-hand circular polarization, failing to respond to dynamically changing communication links. When polarization mismatch occurs due to changes in satellite / terminal attitude, severe signal attenuation occurs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problems of low gain and polarization mismatch caused by the absorption load connected to the end of the metal antenna in the prior art and the fixed polarization direction.

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a miniature circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna for assisting satellite communication, comprising:

[0008] The dielectric layer has multiple metal vias.

[0009] The metal resonant structure disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric layer includes multiple metaline units arranged periodically along the horizontal direction, each metaline unit comprising:

[0010] The upper metal branches, the main metal arm, and the lower metal branches are arranged in sequence along the vertical direction.

[0011] The first PIN diode has its positive terminal connected to the metal main arm and its negative terminal connected to the upper metal branch.

[0012] The positive terminal of the second PIN diode is connected to the lower metal stub, and the negative terminal is connected to the metal main arm.

[0013] The metal floor, located on the lower surface of the dielectric layer, is connected to the upper and lower metal branches of the metal resonant structure through metal through-holes.

[0014] Preferably, in each metaline unit, the main metal arm is connected to an external bias circuit via a feeder wire, and the upper and lower metal branches are grounded; an inductor is provided on the feeder wire.

[0015] Preferably, when a positive bias voltage is applied to the external bias circuit, causing the first PIN diode to conduct and the second PIN diode to be cut off, the upper metal branch is connected to the metal main arm, generating left-hand circularly polarized radiation.

[0016] Preferably, when a negative bias voltage is applied to the external bias circuit, causing the first PIN diode to be cut off and the second PIN diode to be turned on, the lower metal branch is connected to the metal main arm, generating right-hand circularly polarized radiation.

[0017] Preferably, it includes a wave-draining structure disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric layer, the wave-draining structure being arranged horizontally after the last metal element in the periodic arrangement, and comprising: a first L-shaped patch, a metal strip, and a second L-shaped patch arranged sequentially in the vertical direction.

[0018] The metal strip has the same width as the metal main arm and is connected to the metal main arm of the last metaline unit in the periodic arrangement.

[0019] The long sides of the first L-shaped patch and the second L-shaped patch are close to and parallel to the metal strip.

[0020] Preferably, the metal main arms between adjacent metaline units are connected by capacitors.

[0021] Preferably, the metal resonant structure and the metal floor are made of copper, with a copper cladding thickness of 0.036 mm.

[0022] Preferably, the dielectric layer is F4B with a dielectric constant of 2.55 and a loss of 0.002.

[0023] Preferably, the width of the metal main arm is inversely proportional to the operating frequency band of the small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna.

[0024] Preferably, the number of metaline units is proportional to the operating frequency band of the small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0026] The miniature circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna for satellite communication described in this invention features a metal main arm, upper metal stubs, and lower metal stubs in each metal element. PIN diodes connect the metal stubs to the main arm, allowing the PIN diodes to switch between on and off states by controlling the bias voltage input to them. This selectively activates either the upper or lower stubs, resulting in left- or right-hand circularly polarized radiation. This invention dynamically changes the phase relationship of the radiation field, giving the antenna adaptive capabilities. It allows the antenna to switch its polarization mode in real time according to the polarization state of the received signal, maintaining polarization matching with the communication link at all times. This fundamentally avoids signal attenuation caused by polarization mismatch, greatly enhancing the stability and reliability of satellite communication and navigation links in dynamic environments.

[0027] This invention features a leaky structure following the last metal element in the periodic arrangement. An L-shaped patch resonant structure is used as the radiating load. In accordance with the principle of leaky antennas, the radio frequency energy that would otherwise be wasted by the absorption load is efficiently converted into useful electromagnetic radiation. This effectively overcomes the energy loss caused by the end load in traditional designs and significantly improves the antenna gain and radiation efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the miniature circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna for assisting satellite communication according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a side view of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the metaline unit in a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a view of the feeding structure arrangement of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna;

[0034] Figure 6 It is a curve of the left-handed reflection coefficient of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna as a function of frequency band;

[0035] Figure 7 It is a curve of the left-hand rotation axis ratio of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna as a function of frequency band;

[0036] Figure 8 It is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna when it generates left-handed circularly polarized radiation at a frequency of 2.78 GHz and an azimuth angle of 0°.

[0037] Figure 9 It is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna when it generates left-handed circularly polarized radiation at a frequency of 2.78 GHz and an azimuth angle of 90°.

[0038] Figure 10 It is a curve of the right-hand rotation reflection coefficient of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna as a function of frequency band;

[0039] Figure 11 It is a curve of the right-hand axial ratio of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna versus the frequency band;

[0040] Figure 12 It is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna when it generates right-hand circularly polarized radiation at a frequency of 2.78 GHz and an azimuth angle of 0°.

[0041] Figure 13 It is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna when it produces right-hand circularly polarized radiation at a frequency of 2.78 GHz and an azimuth angle of 90°.

[0042] Figure 14 This is a graph showing the reflection coefficient of left-handed circularly polarized radiation as a function of frequency when the metaline period is 6, 9, or 12.

[0043] Figure 15 This is a graph showing the reflection coefficient of right-hand circularly polarized radiation as a function of frequency when the metaline period is 6, 9, or 12.

[0044] Figure 16 This is a graph showing the reflection coefficient as a function of frequency when generating left-hand circularly polarized radiation under different metal main arm widths;

[0045] Figure 17 This is a graph showing the reflection coefficient as a function of frequency when generating right-hand circularly polarized radiation under different metal main arm widths;

[0046] Explanation of reference numerals in the accompanying drawings: 1. Upper metal branch; 2. Lower metal branch; 3. Metal main arm; 4. Metall unit; 5. Metal strip; 6. First L-shaped patch; 7. Second L-shaped patch; 8. Metal via; 9. Metal resonant structure; 10. Dielectric layer; 11. Metal ground plane; 12. Inductor; 13. First PIN diode; 14. Second PIN diode; 15. Feed line; 16. Leakage structure. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the embodiments described are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0048] Reference Figure 1 The diagram shows a schematic of the structure of the miniature circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna for assisting satellite communication according to the present invention. The specific structure includes:

[0049] The dielectric layer 10 has multiple metal through holes;

[0050] The metal resonant structure 9 disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric layer includes multiple metaline units 4 arranged periodically in the horizontal direction, each metaline unit comprising:

[0051] The upper metal branch 1, the metal main arm 3, and the lower metal branch 2 are arranged in sequence along the vertical direction;

[0052] The first PIN diode 13 has its positive terminal connected to the metal main arm 3 and its negative terminal connected to the upper metal branch 1.

[0053] The positive terminal of the second PIN diode 14 is connected to the lower metal branch 2, and the negative terminal is connected to the metal main arm 3.

[0054] The metal floor 11, which is disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric layer 10, is connected to the upper metal branch 1 and the lower metal branch 2 of the metal resonant structure 9 through the metal through hole 8.

[0055] Specifically, the metal main arms between adjacent metaline units are connected by capacitors. In this embodiment, in each metaline unit, the metal main arm 3 is connected to an external bias circuit through a feed line 15, and the upper metal branch 1 and the lower metal branch 2 are grounded; an inductor 12 is provided on the feed line 15.

[0056] The feed line connects the anode of each first PIN diode and the cathode of each second PIN diode on the antenna via a metal main arm. The cathode of each first PIN diode and the anode of each second PIN diode are grounded via corresponding upper and lower metal stubs. When a positive voltage is input to the feed line, a positive voltage is applied to the anode of the first PIN diode and the cathode of the second PIN diode, causing the first PIN diode to conduct and the second PIN diode to turn off. When a negative voltage is input to the feed line, a negative voltage is applied to the anode of the first PIN diode and the cathode of the second PIN diode, causing the first PIN diode to turn off and the second PIN diode to conduct.

[0057] Specifically, when the external bias circuit applies a positive bias voltage, causing the first PIN diode to conduct and the second PIN diode to turn off, the upper metal branch connects with the metal main arm, generating left-hand circularly polarized radiation; when the external bias circuit applies a negative bias voltage, causing the first PIN diode to turn off and the second PIN diode to conduct, the lower metal branch connects with the metal main arm, generating right-hand circularly polarized radiation.

[0058] Specifically, the width of the metal main arm is inversely proportional to the operating frequency band of the small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna; the number of metaline units is directly proportional to the operating frequency band of the small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna.

[0059] The miniature circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna for satellite communication described in this invention features a metal main arm, upper metal stubs, and lower metal stubs in each metal element. PIN diodes connect the metal stubs to the main arm, allowing the PIN diodes to switch between on and off states by controlling the bias voltage input to them. This selectively activates either the upper or lower stubs, resulting in left- or right-hand circularly polarized radiation. This invention dynamically changes the phase relationship of the radiation field, giving the antenna adaptive capabilities. It allows the antenna to switch its polarization mode in real time according to the polarization state of the received signal, maintaining polarization matching with the communication link at all times. This fundamentally avoids signal attenuation caused by polarization mismatch, greatly enhancing the stability and reliability of satellite communication and navigation links in dynamic environments.

[0060] Based on the above embodiments, the present invention includes a wave-draining structure 16 disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric layer. The wave-draining structure is disposed horizontally after the last metaline unit in the periodic arrangement and includes: a first L-shaped patch 6, a metal strip 5 and a second L-shaped patch 7 arranged sequentially in the vertical direction.

[0061] The metal strip 5 has the same width as the metal main arm 3 and is connected to the metal main arm of the last metaline unit in the periodic arrangement.

[0062] The long sides of the first L-shaped patch 6 and the second L-shaped patch 7 are close to and parallel to the metal strip 5.

[0063] This invention features a leaky structure following the last metal element in the periodic arrangement. An L-shaped patch resonant structure is used as the radiating load. In accordance with the principle of leaky antennas, the radio frequency energy that would otherwise be wasted by the absorption load is efficiently converted into useful electromagnetic radiation. This effectively overcomes the energy loss caused by the end load in traditional designs and significantly improves the antenna gain and radiation efficiency.

[0064] Based on the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present invention can realize rapid switching between left-hand and right-hand circular polarization of satellite links, enhancing dynamic adaptability. It is suitable for modern satellite communication systems and has important applications in multiple fields such as spectrum reuse and anti-interference communication. The antenna in this embodiment utilizes a radiating load instead of an absorbing load, effectively overcoming the energy loss caused by the end load in traditional designs, and significantly improving the antenna's gain and radiation efficiency. Simultaneously, the use of PIN diodes to connect the two end stubs enables dynamic switching between left-hand and right-hand circular polarization states, allowing the antenna to adaptively match changing polarization environments in real time. This fundamentally overcomes signal attenuation caused by polarization mismatch, ensuring the stability and reliability of dynamic communication links. Specifically, the small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna proposed in this embodiment mainly consists of a three-layer structure, including a top-layer metal resonant structure, a dielectric layer, and a bottom-layer metal ground plane.

[0065] Reference Figure 2 The image shown is a side view of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna; see reference. Figure 3 The image shown is a perspective view of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The antenna is made of copper with a copper cladding thickness of 0.036 mm. The dielectric material is F4B with a dielectric constant of 2.55 and a loss of 0.002. The dielectric substrate is 115 mm long, 20 mm wide, and 2 mm thick, and has metal through-holes connecting the upper metal pattern and the metal ground plane.

[0066] In this embodiment, the metallic resonant structure in the antenna consists of 10 metal element units arranged periodically; refer to Figure 4 The diagram shows the structure of a metal element in a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. In this element structure, the metal branches on the top and bottom sides are connected to the central metal main arm by PIN diodes, and the metal branches are connected to the underlying metal ground plane by metal vias in the dielectric layer. A 1.6pF capacitor connects the central metal main arms, and a 1uH inductor connects the PIN diode feed lines. This invention creatively adds a PIN diode that switches between on and off states to connect the metal branches on both sides, changing the phase relationship of the two orthogonal electric field components. This allows the antenna proposed in this invention to freely switch between left and right circular polarization to meet real-time polarization requirements.

[0067] Based on transmission line theory, the small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna designed in this invention utilizes PIN diodes to achieve separate conduction of the upper and lower stubs, thereby exhibiting good reflection coefficient and axial ratio bandwidth below 3dB in the 2.77GHz to 2.79GHz frequency band, with a gain of up to 5dBic.

[0068] Specifically, its polarization switching capability originates from the PIN diode loaded in the unit structure. In this embodiment, the positive terminal of the PIN diode is connected to the main metal arm at the upper metal stub, and the negative terminal is connected to the metal stub; at the lower stub, the positive terminal is connected to the metal stub, and the negative terminal is connected to the main metal arm. When the bias voltage is changed (alternating between positive and negative voltages) to switch the PIN diode between the on and off states, it is possible to connect only the upper or lower stub, thereby changing the phase relationship of the two orthogonal electric field components, thus allowing free switching between left and right circular polarization.

[0069] Meanwhile, to improve antenna gain, the miniature circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna designed in this invention mimics the structure of a leaky-wave antenna, utilizing the resonance of an L-shaped patch as a highly efficient radiator to convert energy into electromagnetic waves, thus replacing the traditional 50-ohm absorbing load. By replacing the traditional absorbing load with a radiating load, the originally lost RF energy is converted into effective radiation, increasing the antenna gain by approximately 2-3 dBic and the radiation efficiency from less than 50% to over 85%, significantly improving both the antenna gain and efficiency. Simultaneously, the reconfigurable structure achieved by connecting dual stubs using PIN diodes allows for rapid switching between left-hand and right-hand circular polarization modes, reducing signal attenuation caused by polarization mismatch and significantly improving communication link stability. This design, while maintaining a compact structure, provides a high-performance solution for dynamic communication scenarios, particularly suitable for applications with extremely high link reliability requirements, such as satellite communication and UAV data links.

[0070] Based on the above embodiments, this invention models the proposed small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna in the simulation software HFSS, and tests its performance using coaxial feeding, referring to... Figure 5 The image shows a view of the feed structure arrangement for a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. During the verification process, RLC boundary conditions were used to replace the PIN diodes in the HFSS electromagnetic simulation software. In the on-state, the equivalent values ​​are Rf = 4.2 ohms and Lf = 50 pH, while in the off-state, the equivalent values ​​are Rp = 300 kohm and Cp = 42 fF.

[0071] Firstly, in this embodiment, the upper PIN diode is turned on while the lower PIN diode is turned off to check whether left-hand circular polarization has been achieved; refer to... Figure 6 The figure shown is a graph of the left-handed reflection coefficient of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna versus the frequency band; refer to... Figure 7 The figure shows the curve of the left-hand rotation axis ratio of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna as a function of frequency band. Figure 8 It is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna when it generates left-handed circularly polarized radiation at a frequency of 2.78 GHz and an azimuth angle of 0°. Figure 9This is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna producing left-handed circularly polarized radiation at a frequency of 2.78 GHz and an azimuth angle of 90°. Based on Figures 6 to 9 As can be seen, in the 2.77GHz ~ 2.79GHz frequency band, the circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna proposed in this invention has a good reflection coefficient and an axial ratio bandwidth of less than 3dB. At the same time, due to the innovative replacement of the absorbing load with the radiating load, the gain can reach 5dBic, which is 3dBic higher than before. The antenna's radiation efficiency has been increased from less than 50% to 85%.

[0072] Based on this, this embodiment turns on the lower PIN diode and turns off the upper PIN diode to check whether right-hand circular polarization is achieved. The simulation results are as follows. Figures 10 to 13 As shown. (Refer to...) Figure 10 The figure shown is a curve of the right-hand rotation reflection coefficient of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna versus the frequency band; refer to Figure 11 The figure shows the curve of the right-hand axial ratio of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna as a function of frequency band. Figure 12 It is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna when it generates right-hand circularly polarized radiation at a frequency of 2.78 GHz and an azimuth angle of 0°. Figure 13 This is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of a small circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna when generating right-hand circularly polarized radiation at a frequency of 2.78 GHz and an azimuth angle of 90°. Based on the simulation results, it can be seen that in the frequency band of 2.77 GHz to 2.79 GHz, the circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna proposed in this invention has a good reflection coefficient and an axial ratio bandwidth of less than 3 dB. At the same time, due to the innovative replacement of the absorbing load with the radiating load, the gain can reach 5 dBic, which is 3 dBic higher than before. The radiation efficiency of the antenna is increased from less than 50% to 85%.

[0073] Therefore, the circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna designed in this invention can achieve timely switching between left and right circular polarization under the action of an external bias voltage, and can adaptively match changing polarization environments in real time. In practical communication environments, the circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna proposed in this invention successfully replaces the original absorbing load with a radiating load while maintaining the circular polarization effect, greatly improving the antenna's gain and radiation efficiency, significantly simplifying the manufacturing process, and thus further enhancing the quality and stability of the communication link.

[0074] While optimizing the design, research revealed that as the number of metaline periodic cells increases, the operating frequency band shifts to a higher frequency to some extent, resulting in a corresponding increase in gain. Conversely, increasing the width of the metal main arm causes the operating frequency band to shift to a lower frequency. Furthermore, the side branches are crucial for achieving circular polarization, and their length significantly impacts the axial ratio performance.

[0075] Reference Figure 14 The figure shows the reflection coefficient of left-hand circularly polarized radiation as a function of frequency when the metaline period is 6, 9, and 12. This embodiment uses 6, 9, and 12 metaline periods as examples to study the impact of different metaline periods T on the antenna's operating frequency band. It is clear from the figure that increasing the period causes the center frequency to shift towards higher frequencies. (Refer to...) Figure 15 As shown in the figure, this embodiment shows the reflection coefficient of right-hand circularly polarized radiation as a function of frequency when the metaline period is 6, 9, and 12. Taking 6, 9, and 12 metaline periods as examples, the influence of different metaline periods T on the working frequency band of the antenna was studied. It is easy to see from the figure that the increase of the period will cause the center frequency to shift to a higher frequency.

[0076] Reference Figure 16 The figure shows the reflection coefficient versus frequency curves for left-hand circularly polarized radiation under different metal arm widths. This embodiment uses 10 metaline cycles as an example to study the impact of different metal arm widths (w) on the antenna's operating frequency band. The figure shows the reflection coefficient versus frequency curves for left-hand circularly polarized radiation when w varies from 3mm to 5mm. It is clear from the figure that increasing the metal arm width causes the operating frequency band to shift to lower frequencies. (Refer to...) Figure 17 As shown, this is a graph showing the reflection coefficient versus frequency when generating right-hand circularly polarized radiation with different metal arm widths. In this embodiment, taking 10 metaline cycles as an example, the influence of different metal arm widths w on the antenna's operating frequency band was studied. The graph shows the reflection coefficient versus frequency when w changes from 3mm to 5mm for right-hand circularly polarized radiation. It is easy to see from the graph that increasing the metal arm width will cause the operating frequency band to shift to lower frequencies.

[0077] The miniature circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna for satellite communication described in this invention features a metal main arm, upper metal stubs, and lower metal stubs in each metal element. PIN diodes connect the metal stubs to the main arm, allowing the PIN diodes to switch between on and off states by controlling the bias voltage input to them. This selectively activates either the upper or lower stubs, resulting in left- or right-hand circularly polarized radiation. This invention dynamically changes the phase relationship of the radiation field, giving the antenna adaptive capabilities. It allows the antenna to switch its polarization mode in real time according to the polarization state of the received signal, maintaining polarization matching with the communication link at all times. This fundamentally avoids signal attenuation caused by polarization mismatch, greatly enhancing the stability and reliability of satellite communication and navigation links in dynamic environments. This invention features a leaky structure following the last metal element in the periodic arrangement. An L-shaped patch resonant structure is used as the radiating load. In accordance with the principle of leaky antennas, the radio frequency energy that would otherwise be wasted by the absorption load is efficiently converted into useful electromagnetic radiation. This effectively overcomes the energy loss caused by the end load in traditional designs and significantly improves the antenna gain and radiation efficiency.

[0078] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0079] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0080] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0081] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0082] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A compact circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna for assisting satellite communications, characterized in that, The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna.

2. The compact circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna for assisting satellite communications of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna.

3. The compact circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna for assisting satellite communications of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna.

4. The compact circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna for assisting satellite communications of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna.

5. The compact circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna for assisting satellite communications of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna.

6. The compact circularly polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna for assisting satellite communications of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circularly-polarized reconfigurable metasurface antenna. The application relates to a small-sized circular

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