A base station and user cooperative communication and sensing integration method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a base station and user cooperative communication and sensing integration method and system, and relates to the technical field of wireless communication. The method comprises: a strategy generation module of a base station generates a sensing anchor dynamic selection and sensing reference signal time-frequency resource flexible scheduling strategy, which comprises: the base station realizes dynamic selection of a sensing anchor by constructing a multi-objective programming framework including two optimization objectives of maximizing system radar sensing mutual information and minimizing system user maximum sensing interval, and realizes comb spectrum parameter optimization of a sensing reference signal under the constraint of communication service quality guarantee. On this basis, a scheduling module of the base station completes signaling interaction with a user terminal, and a base station strategy execution module completes corresponding sensing anchor selection and time-frequency resource scheduling strategy under communication and sensing integration signal generation. The application can enable a user terminal serving as a sensing anchor to realize communication and sensing functions in the same BWP, and effectively improve the efficiency of B5G / 6G network communication and sensing integration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to an integrated communication and sensing method and system for base station and user collaboration. Background Technology

[0002] The integrated communication and sensing technology aims to achieve the integration of communication and sensing functions through hardware sharing, wireless resource reuse, and unified waveform design. Currently, B5G / 6G networks have demonstrated significant potential in integrated communication and sensing; however, B5G / 6G base stations have certain disadvantages compared to conventional radar sites in environmental perception and target detection. On the one hand, the transmit power of B5G / 6G base stations is typically much lower than that of traditional radar sites, which greatly limits the single-site sensing distance of B5G / 6G and significantly weakens its coverage and detection capabilities of the surrounding environment. On the other hand, a single base station has limited time, frequency, spatial, and energy wireless resources, while communication and sensing functions need to compete for or share wireless resources, making it difficult for a single base station to continuously allocate sufficient wireless resources to achieve high-precision target perception. To address these challenges, it is urgent to conduct research on integrated communication and sensing technology that integrates base stations and users, fully leveraging the wireless resource advantages and multi-dimensional sensing advantages of the massive user base of B5G / 6G networks to improve the system's sensing capabilities.

[0003] Current research on multi-node collaborative sensing integration mainly focuses on multi-base station collaboration, such as multi-base station collaborative target localization and multi-base station collaborative sensing and communication in existing 5G networks. However, research on sensing integration technology for base station and user collaboration remains scarce. Current technologies for communication and sensing integration between base stations and users include: multi-base sensing integration methods, multi-base station collaborative localization technology, and multi-base station collaborative communication and sensing integration technology. Among these, multi-base sensing integration methods mainly utilize beamforming technology to minimize the sensing CRB (Cryogenic Base Bandwidth) to improve the sensing performance of multi-base station sensing integration systems, but they do not discuss in detail the collaborative communication and sensing mechanisms between base stations and users, or the wireless resource reuse methods for communication and sensing functions. Multi-base station collaborative localization technology requires user terminals to cooperate in measuring reference signals from different base stations. However, in practice, the user usually initiates a localization request first, and then the central unit schedules multiple base stations to provide localization services to the requesting user. This mechanism only involves multiple base stations working together to locate characteristic users, without involving the collaborative perception of multiple surrounding environments and targets between base stations and users. For the integrated communication and perception technology of multi-base station collaboration, a communication and perception mechanism of macro base stations and micro base stations is proposed. However, the micro base station uses the target echo signal to perceive the target, without involving the collaborative perception between base stations and users. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problem in existing technologies where a single base station cannot continuously allocate sufficient wireless resources to achieve high-precision target perception, embodiments of the present invention provide an integrated communication and perception method and system for base station and user collaboration. The technical solution is as follows:

[0005] On the one hand, a method for integrated communication and sensing in collaboration between a base station and a user is provided. This method is implemented by an integrated communication and sensing device that coordinates between the base station and the user, and includes:

[0006] S1. The base station's strategy generation module dynamically selects sensing anchor points by constructing a multi-objective planning framework that includes two optimization objectives: maximizing the system's radar sensing mutual information and minimizing the system's maximum user sensing interval. Under the constraint of communication service guarantee, it further optimizes the comb spectrum parameters of the sensing reference signal and generates a time-frequency resource scheduling strategy.

[0007] S2. The base station's scheduling module generates scheduling information and signaling according to the time-frequency resource scheduling strategy, and interacts with the signaling of the user terminal.

[0008] S3. The base station's policy execution module generates an integrated communication and sensing signal based on the sensing anchor point and time-frequency resource scheduling strategy.

[0009] On the other hand, an integrated communication and sensing system for base station and user collaboration is provided. This system is applied to the integrated communication and sensing method for base station and user collaboration. The system includes:

[0010] The base station's strategy generation module is used to dynamically select sensing anchor points by constructing a multi-objective planning framework that includes two optimization objectives: maximizing the system's radar sensing mutual information and minimizing the system's maximum user sensing interval. Under the constraint of communication service guarantee, it further optimizes the comb spectrum parameters of the sensing reference signal and generates a time-frequency resource scheduling strategy.

[0011] The base station's scheduling module is used to generate scheduling information and signaling according to the time-frequency resource scheduling strategy, and to interact with the signaling of the user terminal.

[0012] The base station's policy execution module is used to generate integrated communication and sensing signals based on sensing anchor points and time-frequency resource scheduling strategies.

[0013] On the other hand, a communication and sensing integrated device for base station and user collaboration is provided, the communication and sensing integrated device for base station and user collaboration includes: a processor; a memory, the memory storing computer-readable instructions, the computer-readable instructions being executed by the processor to implement any of the methods in the above-described communication and sensing integrated method for base station and user collaboration.

[0014] On the other hand, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein at least one instruction is stored in the storage medium, the at least one instruction being loaded and executed by a processor to implement any of the above-described methods for integrated communication and sensing in collaboration between a base station and a user.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0016] The method proposed in this invention can effectively realize collaborative communication and sensing between base stations and user terminals, specifically involving the selection of sensing anchor points and the time-frequency resource scheduling of sensing reference signals. By fully leveraging the advantages of wireless resources, multi-dimensional sensing, and collaboration of massive user terminals, it effectively improves the efficiency of integrated communication and sensing in B5G / 6G networks, providing strong technical support for application scenarios such as intelligent vehicle networking and low-altitude economy, and has broad application prospects and market potential. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a communication and sensing integration method for base station and user collaboration provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an integrated communication and sensing system structure for base station and user collaboration provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a comb spectrum configuration for a sensing reference signal time-frequency resource provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a simulation diagram of the average radar mutual information of a system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of an integrated communication and sensing system for base station and user collaboration provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated communication and sensing device for base station and user collaboration provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] In embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily," "for example," etc., are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" in the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present the concept in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or either one.

[0026] In the embodiments of this invention, the terms "image" and "picture" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction between them, they convey the same meaning. Similarly, the terms "of," "corresponding (relevant)," and "corresponding" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction between them, they convey the same meaning.

[0027] In this embodiment of the invention, sometimes a subscript such as W1 may be written in a non-subscript form such as W1. When the difference is not emphasized, the meaning they express is the same.

[0028] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] This invention provides an integrated communication and sensing method for base station and user collaboration. This method can be implemented by an integrated communication and sensing device for base station and user collaboration, which can be a terminal or a server. Figure 1 The flowchart shown illustrates an integrated communication and sensing method for base station and user collaboration. The processing flow of this method may include the following steps:

[0030] S1. The base station's strategy generation module dynamically selects sensing anchor points by constructing a multi-objective planning framework that includes two optimization objectives: maximizing the system's radar sensing mutual information and minimizing the system's maximum user sensing interval. Under the constraint of communication service guarantee, it further optimizes the comb spectrum parameters of the sensing reference signal and generates a time-frequency resource scheduling strategy.

[0031] Among them, such as Figure 2The diagram illustrates a base station and user collaborative communication and sensing integrated system architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention. The system includes a base station policy generation module, a base station scheduling module, a base station policy execution module, a base station data processing module, a user terminal scheduling module, a user terminal policy execution module, and a user terminal data processing module. Specifically, the base station policy generation module generates sensing anchor point selection and time-frequency resource scheduling strategies; the base station scheduling module generates scheduling information and signaling; the base station policy execution module generates integrated communication and sensing signals based on the generated sensing reference signal time-frequency resource scheduling strategy; the base station data processing module aggregates sensing data and estimates target parameters; the user terminal scheduling module receives scheduling information and signaling; the user terminal policy execution module receives the integrated communication and sensing signals and extracts communication signals and sensing reference signals; and the user terminal data processing module measures sensing parameters and demodulates communication signals. The user terminal's scheduling module receives scheduling information and signaling from the base station, including the transmission time and frequency resource allocation of the sensing reference signal and the scheduling information of the communication signal. The base station's policy execution module maps the communication signal and the sensing signal onto the time-frequency domain resource block according to the time-frequency resource policy output by the base station's policy generation module, and realizes the signal generation of communication and sensing functions on the same active BWP. The user terminal's policy execution module receives the communication signal and the sensing reference signal sent by the base station and extracts the communication signal and the sensing reference signal respectively.

[0032] Among them, the base station's policy execution module is used to map communication signals and sensing signals onto time-frequency domain resource blocks according to the time-frequency resource policy output by the base station's policy generation module, and to generate signals for communication and sensing functions on the same active part bandwidth (Band WidthPart, BWP).

[0033] The base station provides communication services to multiple users and uses sensing reference signals for target perception. During each scheduling period, the base station selects a group of users as sensing anchors and uses a bi-station radar mode to cooperate with the users for target perception and share sensing information. When a user is selected as a sensing anchor, the base station will allocate part of the user's time and frequency resources for sensing reference signal transmission.

[0034] Among them, the multi-objective programming framework for joint optimization of sensing anchor point selection and sensing reference signal time slot resources can realize the trade-off between system sensing performance and user communication utility, and ensure the fairness of communication utility among users by minimizing the maximum user sensing interval of the system.

[0035] In this context, the "sensing reference signal" refers to a reference signal used for sensing, rather than a specific reference signal.

[0036] Among them, radar perception mutual information is an important indicator for evaluating the target detection and environmental perception performance of the system. The larger the radar perception mutual information, the stronger the system's target recognition and perception capabilities.

[0037] The sensing interval represents the time interval since a user was last selected as a sensing anchor. If a user is selected as a sensing anchor in the current scheduling period, its sensing interval is reset to zero. Therefore, minimizing the system's maximum sensing interval allows for the selection of user terminals that have not been used as sensing anchors for a long time, ensuring a fairer selection of sensing anchors, avoiding excessive occupation of some users' radio resources, and ensuring that all users receive a relatively fair quality of service guarantee.

[0038] The scheduling period refers to the time interval between two executions of the algorithm. It can be a fixed time length preset by the system, such as a time slot, subframe, or frame, or a dynamic time length triggered by specific conditions.

[0039] Optionally, the objective function expression for maximizing the system's radar sensing mutual information is represented by the following formula (1):

[0040] (1)

[0041] in, Select an indicator variable for the perception anchor; I is the number of user terminals; This indicates that the i-th user terminal is selected as the perception anchor point in the t-th scheduling period; This indicates that it was not selected as a perception anchor point; The comb spectrum parameters represent the time-frequency resources of the sensing reference signal for the i-th user terminal in the t-th scheduling period; where, It represents the comb spectrum size of the sensed reference signal on a physical resource block, i.e., the subcarrier spacing on the same symbol period or the symbol spacing on the same subcarrier; This represents the number of symbols occupied by the sensing reference signal on one physical resource block; where, This represents the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) of the reference signal sensed by the i-th user terminal during the t-th scheduling period. This represents the number of subcarriers allocated to the i-th user terminal. This represents the number of time slots allocated to the i-th user terminal during the t-th scheduling period; It represents the time-bandwidth product, which is dimensionless; This represents radar sensing mutual information.

[0042] One feasible implementation method is, for example Figure 3 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of a comb spectrum configuration for time-frequency resources of a sensing reference signal according to an embodiment of the present invention; for example, a positioning reference signal in 5G NR. , ,and .

[0043] In one feasible implementation, the objective function F1 in The time-bandwidth product is dimensionless, and its derivation includes:

[0044] because This represents the number of subcarriers allocated to the i-th user terminal. This represents the comb spectrum size of the sensed reference signal on a physical resource block, i.e., the number of subcarriers spaced between two adjacent sensed subcarriers in the same symbol period, or the number of symbols spaced between two adjacent sensed symbols on the same subcarrier. Therefore... This represents the number of subcarriers allocated to the sensing reference signal within one symbol period; further, let... Indicating subcarrier spacing (unit: kHz), then This represents the bandwidth allocated to the sensing reference signal within one symbol period (unit: kHz).

[0045] in, This represents the number of time slots allocated to the i-th user terminal during the t-th scheduling period, while This represents the number of symbols occupied by the sensing reference signal in each time slot, therefore, This represents the total number of symbols in the user-perceived reference signal within the current scheduling period t; since the duration of each symbol in the 5G NR frame structure is... (Unit: ms), where the denominator represents the number of OFDM symbols within a 1ms subframe. Therefore, the duration of the user-perceived reference signal in the current scheduling period is... (Unit: ms)

[0046] Therefore, the time-bandwidth product occupied by the sensing reference signal within the current scheduling period t is... Although the unit for time resources here is milliseconds (ms) and the unit for bandwidth is kHz, Therefore, the time-bandwidth product is dimensionless.

[0047] In one feasible implementation, the F1 objective function The specific interpretation and derivation process of radar sensing information includes:

[0048] In this embodiment of the invention, the radar sensing mutual information refers to the mutual information between the radar received signal and the transmitted signal; specifically, X represents the radar transmitted signal, Y represents the radar received signal, and H represents the channel matrix; wherein, under additive Gaussian noise channel, the mutual information between the radar received signal and the transmitted signal is... It can be calculated using the following formula (2):

[0049] (2)

[0050] in, Indicates average noise power; Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be viewed as a generalized concept, reflecting the ratio of signal energy to noise energy after passing through a channel. The derivation of the SNR of the received signal can be referenced from the classical AWGN channel capacity theory in the field of communications, a technique well-known to those skilled in the art. Detailed derivation procedures will not be elaborated upon in this embodiment of the invention.

[0051] in, The signal strength is related to the total energy of the received signal and is proportional to the time-bandwidth product occupied by the transmitted signal; that is, the larger the bandwidth occupied by the signal and the longer the duration, the larger the time-bandwidth product, and the higher the total energy of the signal. Let p represent the average received signal power per unit bandwidth and per unit time, and further transform the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal. The transformation process can be expressed by the following formula (3):

[0052]

[0053] (3)

[0054] in, This represents the average signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal. Therefore, in summary, the mutual information between the received and transmitted signals sensed by the radar is... It can be approximately expressed by the following formula (4):

[0055] (4)

[0056] One feasible implementation method is, for example Figure 4 The figure shown is a simulation diagram of the average radar mutual information of a system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, Figure 4 Give the constraints The following is the relationship between the system's average radar mutual information and the number of users in the system, where the number of users selected as sensing anchors within the current scheduling period t does not exceed R. Each point in the figure represents the total radar mutual information of the system obtained by solving the relevant parameters using the objective function F1. In this embodiment of the invention, the average result is obtained after repeating the experiment multiple times, hence it is called the system's average radar mutual information.

[0057] Alternatively, the objective function for minimizing the maximum perceived interval of the system users is expressed by the following formula (5):

[0058] (5)

[0059] in, This represents the time when the i-th user terminal was last selected as a sensing anchor point, and t represents the count of the current scheduling period. This represents the time interval since user i was last selected as a perception anchor; where, if user i is selected as a perception anchor in the current scheduling period t, i.e. but Otherwise, if user i is not selected as the perception anchor point during the current scheduling period t, i.e. but .

[0060] Optional decision variables for a multi-objective programming framework include: indicator variables for the selection of sensing anchor points and configuration parameters for the comb spectrum of sensing reference signals;

[0061] The constraints of the multi-objective programming framework include: the number of system perception anchor points and the user communication utility constraints.

[0062] Since the system requisitions some of the user's radio resources for transmitting sensing reference signals after a user is selected as a sensing anchor point, thereby reducing the user's communication utility, the multi-objective programming framework for joint optimization of sensing anchor point selection and sensing reference signal time-frequency resource scheduling needs to introduce user communication utility constraints and limit the number of user terminals selected as sensing anchor points in order to avoid excessive loss of user communication utility. Where R is a parameter set by the system based on the current system perception requirements and user communication quality requirements.

[0063] Optionally, the user communication utility constraint includes: the proportion of time-frequency resources used by user i to carry sensing reference signals to its current total time-frequency resources cannot exceed [a certain percentage]. That is, the percentage decrease in communication rate caused by user i due to the perceived reference signal occupying its time-frequency resources does not exceed [a certain percentage]. , The user communication utility constraint is expressed by the following formula (6):

[0064] (6)

[0065] in, Select indicator variables for the perception anchors; This represents the number of time slots allocated to the i-th user terminal during the t-th scheduling period. It represents the comb spectrum size of the sensed reference signal on a physical resource block, i.e., the subcarrier spacing on the same symbol period or the symbol spacing on the same subcarrier; This represents the number of symbols occupied by the sensing reference signal on one physical resource block; when user i is selected as the sensing anchor point during the current scheduling period t, the amount of time-frequency resources sacrificed to carry the sensing reference signal is represented as... The total communication time-frequency resources allocated to this user within the period from the last time they were selected as a sensing anchor point to the current scheduling period t are... ,in This indicates the scheduling period during which user i was last selected as the perception anchor. This indicates the scheduling period during which user i was last selected as the perception anchor. The total number of time slots allocated within the current scheduling period t.

[0066] In one feasible implementation, since the time-frequency resources used by user i to carry the sensing reference signal cannot exceed a portion of its total time-frequency resources... Therefore, the user communication utility constraint transformation process can be expressed by the following formula (7):

[0067] (7)

[0068] Wherein, when user i is selected as the perception anchor point during the current scheduling period t ,on the contrary Therefore, when user i is selected as the perception anchor, i.e. When, its comb spectral parameters and Communication utility constraints must be met Among them, in the above formula (7) The derivation process related to the objective function F1 Different; the derivation process of the objective function F1, This represents the scheduling period during which user i was most recently selected as a perception anchor. When user i is selected as a perception anchor within the current scheduling period t, that is... hour, ; and in formula (7) This represents the scheduling period during which user i was last selected as the perception anchor point, excluding the current scheduling period t.

[0069] The constraint on the number of system perception anchor points is expressed by the following formula (8):

[0070] (8)

[0071] The constraint on the number of system perception anchor points indicates that the number of users selected as perception anchor points within the current scheduling period t does not exceed R.

[0072] Alternatively, the construction process of the multi-objective programming framework can be represented by the following formula (9):

[0073] (9)

[0074] Where F1 represents the objective function to maximize the system's radar sensing mutual information; F2 represents the objective function to minimize the system's maximum user sensing interval; C1 represents the constraint on the number of system sensing anchors; C2 represents the user communication utility constraint; C3 represents the range of values ​​for the sensing anchor selection indicator variable; and C4 represents the range of values ​​for the reference signal comb spectrum parameter.

[0075] Among them, constraints This indicates that within the current scheduling period t, the number of users selected as perception anchors does not exceed R.

[0076] Optionally, the solution process for the optimization problem within the multi-objective programming framework includes:

[0077] The Pareto front solution is searched traversally. If a Pareto front exists, any Pareto front solution is selected as the solution to the optimization problem of the multi-objective programming framework. If no Pareto front exists, the objective function of maximizing the system radar sensing mutual information and the objective function of minimizing the system user maximum sensing interval are weighted and summed to transform the multi-objective problem into a single-objective problem. The process of transforming the multi-objective problem into a single-objective problem is represented by the following formula (10):

[0078] (10)

[0079] Wherein, the optimization objective F is a linear weighted function of the objective function F1 that maximizes the mutual information of radar perception in the system and the objective function F2 that minimizes the maximum perception interval of the system users; the first weighting coefficient The normalized coefficient representing the coefficient that maximizes the mutual information of the radar perception of the system, and the second weighting coefficient. C1 represents the normalized coefficient that minimizes the maximum perception interval for system users; C2 represents the supremum; C3 represents the constraint on the number of system perception anchors; C4 represents the constraint on user communication utility; C5 represents the range of values ​​for the perception anchor selection indicator variable; and C6 represents the range of values ​​for the reference signal comb spectrum parameter.

[0080] In this system, while providing downlink communication services to multiple users, the base station dynamically schedules downlink communication resources of some users to carry system sensing reference signals for target sensing. During each scheduling period, the base station can select a group of users as sensing anchors, employing a bistatic radar mode to collaborate with the selected users for target sensing and sharing sensing information. When a user is selected as a sensing anchor, the base station schedules a portion of that user's time-frequency resources for sensing reference signal transmission. This mechanism enables user terminals acting as sensing anchors to simultaneously perform communication and sensing functions on the same active bandwidth, thereby reducing hardware complexity and effectively preventing interference from sensing reference signals to other users.

[0081] S2. The base station's scheduling module generates scheduling information and signaling based on the time-frequency resource scheduling strategy, and interacts with the signaling of the user terminal.

[0082] S3. The base station's policy execution module generates an integrated communication and sensing signal based on the sensing anchor point and time-frequency resource scheduling strategy.

[0083] The method proposed in this invention can effectively realize collaborative communication and sensing between base stations and user terminals, specifically involving the selection of sensing anchor points and the time-frequency resource scheduling of sensing reference signals. By fully leveraging the advantages of wireless resources, multi-dimensional sensing, and collaboration of massive user terminals, it effectively improves the efficiency of integrated communication and sensing in B5G / 6G networks, providing strong technical support for application scenarios such as intelligent vehicle networking and low-altitude economy, and has broad application prospects and market potential.

[0084] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of an integrated communication and sensing system for base station and user collaboration provided in an embodiment of the present invention. This system is used for an integrated communication and sensing method for base station and user collaboration. (Refer to...) Figure 5 The system includes a base station policy generation module 510, a base station scheduling module 520, and a base station policy execution module 530. Among them:

[0085] The base station's strategy generation module 510 is used to dynamically select sensing anchor points by constructing a multi-objective planning framework that includes two optimization objectives: maximizing the system's radar sensing mutual information and minimizing the system's maximum user sensing interval. Under the constraint of communication service guarantee, it further optimizes the comb spectrum parameters of the sensing reference signal and generates a time-frequency resource scheduling strategy.

[0086] The base station's scheduling module 520 is used to generate scheduling information and signaling according to the time-frequency resource scheduling strategy, and to interact with the signaling of the user terminal.

[0087] The base station's policy execution module 530 is used to generate integrated communication and sensing signals based on sensing anchor points and time-frequency resource scheduling strategies.

[0088] Optionally, the decision variables of the multi-objective programming framework include: a sensing anchor selection indicator variable and a sensing reference signal comb spectrum configuration parameter;

[0089] The constraints of the multi-objective planning framework include: the number of system perception anchor points and the user communication utility constraints.

[0090] The base station's policy execution module is used to map communication signals and sensing signals onto time-frequency domain resource blocks according to the time-frequency resource policy output by the base station's policy generation module, thereby generating signals for communication and sensing functions on the same active BWP.

[0091] The base station provides communication services to multiple users and uses sensing reference signals for target perception. During each scheduling period, the base station selects a group of users as sensing anchors and uses a bi-station radar mode to cooperate with the users for target perception and share sensing information. When a user is selected as a sensing anchor, the base station will allocate part of the user's time and frequency resources for sensing reference signal transmission.

[0092] Optionally, the objective function expression for maximizing the system's radar sensing mutual information is represented by the following formula (1):

[0093] (1)

[0094] in, Select an indicator variable for the perception anchor; I is the number of user terminals; This indicates that the i-th user terminal is selected as the perception anchor point in the t-th scheduling period; This indicates that it was not selected as a perception anchor point; The comb spectrum parameters represent the time-frequency resources of the sensing reference signal for the i-th user terminal in the t-th scheduling period; where, It represents the comb spectrum size of the sensed reference signal on a physical resource block, i.e., the subcarrier spacing on the same symbol period or the symbol spacing on the same subcarrier; This represents the number of symbols occupied by the sensing reference signal on one physical resource block; where, This represents the received signal-to-noise ratio of the reference signal perceived by the i-th user terminal during the t-th scheduling period. This represents the number of subcarriers allocated to the i-th user terminal. This represents the number of time slots allocated to the i-th user terminal during the t-th scheduling period; It represents the time-bandwidth product, which is dimensionless; This represents radar sensing mutual information.

[0095] Optionally, the objective function for minimizing the maximum perceived interval of the system user is expressed by the following formula (2):

[0096] (2)

[0097] in, Let represent the scheduling period during which the i-th user terminal was most recently selected as a sensing anchor point, and t represent the count of the current scheduling period. This represents the time interval since user i was last selected as a perception anchor; where, if user i is selected as a perception anchor in the current scheduling period t, i.e. ,but Otherwise, if user i is not selected as the perception anchor point during the current scheduling period t, i.e. ,but .

[0098] Optionally, the user communication utility constraint includes: the proportion of time-frequency resources used by user i to carry sensing reference signals to its current total time-frequency resources cannot exceed [a certain percentage]. That is, the percentage decrease in communication rate caused by user i due to the perceived reference signal occupying its time-frequency resources does not exceed [a certain percentage]. , The user communication utility constraint is expressed by the following formula (3):

[0099] (3)

[0100] in, Select indicator variables for the perception anchors; This represents the number of time slots allocated to the i-th user terminal during the t-th scheduling period. It represents the comb spectrum size of the sensed reference signal on a physical resource block, i.e., the subcarrier spacing on the same symbol period or the symbol spacing on the same subcarrier; This represents the number of symbols occupied by the sensing reference signal on one physical resource block; when user i is selected as the sensing anchor point during the current scheduling period t, the amount of time-frequency resources sacrificed to carry the sensing reference signal is represented as... The total communication time-frequency resources allocated to this user within the period from the last time they were selected as a sensing anchor point to the current scheduling period t are... ,in This indicates the scheduling period during which user i was last selected as the perception anchor. This indicates the scheduling period during which user i was last selected as the perception anchor. The total number of time slots allocated within the current scheduling period t.

[0101] Optionally, the construction process of the multi-objective programming framework is represented by the following formula (4):

[0102] (4)

[0103] Where F1 represents the objective function to maximize the system's radar sensing mutual information; F2 represents the objective function to minimize the system's maximum user sensing interval; C1 represents the constraint on the number of system sensing anchors; C2 represents the user communication utility constraint; C3 represents the range of values ​​for the sensing anchor selection indicator variable; and C4 represents the range of values ​​for the reference signal comb spectrum parameter.

[0104] Optionally, the solution process for the optimization problem within the multi-objective programming framework includes:

[0105] The Pareto front solution is searched traversally. If a Pareto front exists, any Pareto front solution is selected as the solution to the optimization problem of the multi-objective programming framework. If no Pareto front exists, the objective function of maximizing the system radar sensing mutual information and the objective function of minimizing the system user maximum sensing interval are weighted and summed to transform the multi-objective problem into a single-objective problem. The process of transforming the multi-objective problem into a single-objective problem is represented by the following formula (5):

[0106] (5)

[0107] Wherein, the optimization objective F is a linear weighted function of the objective function F1 that maximizes the mutual information of radar perception in the system and the objective function F2 that minimizes the maximum perception interval of the system users; the first weighting coefficient The normalized coefficient representing the coefficient that maximizes the mutual information of the system's radar perception; the second weighting coefficient. C1 represents the normalized coefficient that minimizes the maximum perception interval for system users; C2 represents the supremum; C3 represents the constraint on the number of system perception anchors; C4 represents the constraint on user communication utility; C5 represents the range of values ​​for the perception anchor selection indicator variable; and C6 represents the range of values ​​for the reference signal comb spectrum parameter.

[0108] The method proposed in this invention can effectively realize collaborative communication and sensing between base stations and user terminals, specifically involving the selection of sensing anchor points and the time-frequency resource scheduling of sensing reference signals. By fully leveraging the advantages of wireless resources, multi-dimensional sensing, and collaboration of massive user terminals, it effectively improves the efficiency of integrated communication and sensing in B5G / 6G networks, providing strong technical support for application scenarios such as intelligent vehicle networking and low-altitude economy, and has broad application prospects and market potential.

[0109] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated communication and sensing device for base station and user collaboration provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the integrated communication and sensing device that coordinates base stations and users can include the above-mentioned Figure 5 The illustrated integrated communication and sensing system involves collaboration between the base station and the user. Optionally, the integrated communication and sensing device 610 involving collaboration between the base station and the user may include a first processor 2001.

[0110] Optionally, the integrated communication and sensing device 610 for base station and user collaboration may also include a memory 2002 and a transceiver 2003.

[0111] The first processor 2001, memory 2002, and transceiver 2003 can be connected via a communication bus.

[0112] The following is combined Figure 6The following is a detailed introduction to the various components of the integrated communication and sensing device 610 that coordinates base stations and users:

[0113] The first processor 2001 is the control center of the integrated communication and sensing device 610 that coordinates between the base station and the user. It can be a single processor or a collective term for multiple processing elements. For example, the first processor 2001 can be one or more central processing units (CPUs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement embodiments of the present invention, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

[0114] Optionally, the first processor 2001 can perform various functions of the integrated communication and sensing device 610 that coordinates base stations and users by running or executing software programs stored in the memory 2002 and calling data stored in the memory 2002.

[0115] In a specific implementation, as one example, the first processor 2001 may include one or more CPUs, for example... Figure 6 CPU0 and CPU1 are shown in the diagram.

[0116] In a specific implementation, as one example, the integrated communication and sensing device 610 for base station and user collaboration may also include multiple processors, for example... Figure 6 The first processor 2001 and the second processor 2004 are shown in the diagram. Each of these processors can be a single-core processor or a multi-core processor. Here, a processor can refer to one or more devices, circuits, and / or processing cores used to process data (such as computer program instructions).

[0117] The memory 2002 is used to store the software program that executes the present invention, and is controlled by the first processor 2001 to execute it. The specific implementation method can be referred to the above method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0118] Optionally, the memory 2002 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device capable of storing static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device capable of storing information and instructions, or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compressed optical discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal optical discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but not limited thereto. The memory 2002 may be integrated with the first processor 2001 or exist independently, and may be connected to the interface circuit of the communication and sensing integrated device 610 that coordinates with the base station and the user. Figure 6 (Not shown in the image) is coupled to the first processor 2001, and this embodiment of the invention does not specifically limit this.

[0119] The transceiver 2003 is used to communicate with network devices or with terminal devices.

[0120] Alternatively, transceiver 2003 may include a receiver and a transmitter. Figure 6 (Not shown separately). The receiver is used to implement the receiving function, and the transmitter is used to implement the transmitting function.

[0121] Optionally, the transceiver 2003 can be integrated with the first processor 2001, or it can exist independently, and can be connected to the interface circuit of the communication and sensing integrated device 610 that coordinates with the base station and the user. Figure 6 (Not shown in the image) is coupled to the first processor 2001, and this embodiment of the invention does not specifically limit this.

[0122] It should be noted that, Figure 6 The structure of the integrated communication and sensing device 610 for base station and user collaboration shown in the figure does not constitute a limitation on the router. Actual integrated communication and sensing devices for base station and user collaboration may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0123] Furthermore, the technical effects of the integrated communication and sensing device 610 that coordinates base stations and users can be referred to the technical effects of the integrated communication and sensing method that coordinates base stations and users as described in the above method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0124] It should be understood that the first processor 2001 in the embodiments of the present invention may be a central processing unit (CPU), or it may be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or it may be any conventional processor, etc.

[0125] It should also be understood that the memory in the embodiments of the present invention can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of random access memory (RAM) are available, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous DRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous DRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous linked DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM).

[0126] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware (such as circuits), firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present invention are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable system. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more sets of available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium. A semiconductor medium can be a solid-state drive.

[0127] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following related objects, but it can also represent an "and / or" relationship. Please refer to the context for a more accurate understanding.

[0128] In this invention, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be a single item or multiple items.

[0129] It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, the order of the above-mentioned process numbers does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0130] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0131] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the devices, systems, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0132] In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, systems, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the system embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between systems or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0133] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0134] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0135] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0136] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for integrated communication and sensing between a base station and a user, characterized in that, The method includes: S1. The base station's strategy generation module dynamically selects sensing anchor points by constructing a multi-objective planning framework that includes two optimization objectives: maximizing the system's radar sensing mutual information and minimizing the system's maximum user sensing interval. Under the constraint of communication service guarantee, it further optimizes the comb spectrum parameters of the sensing reference signal and generates a time-frequency resource scheduling strategy. The construction process of the multi-objective programming framework is represented by the following formula (1): （1） Where F1 represents the objective function to maximize the system's radar sensing mutual information; F2 represents the objective function to minimize the system's maximum user sensing interval; C1 represents the constraint on the number of system sensing anchor points; C2 represents the user communication utility constraint; C3 represents the range of values ​​for the sensing anchor point selection indicator variable; and C4 represents the range of values ​​for the reference signal comb spectrum parameter. The solution process for the optimization problem within the multi-objective programming framework includes: The Pareto front solution is searched traversally. If a Pareto front exists, any Pareto front solution is selected as the solution to the optimization problem of the multi-objective programming framework. If no Pareto front exists, the objective function of maximizing the system radar sensing mutual information and the objective function of minimizing the system user maximum sensing interval are weighted and summed to transform the multi-objective problem into a single-objective problem. The process of transforming the multi-objective problem into a single-objective problem is represented by the following formula (2): （2） Wherein, the optimization objective F is a linear weighted function of the objective function F1 that maximizes the mutual information of radar perception in the system and the objective function F2 that minimizes the maximum perception interval of the system users; the first weighting coefficient The normalized coefficient representing the coefficient that maximizes the mutual information of the system's radar perception; the second weighting coefficient. C1 represents the normalized coefficient that minimizes the maximum perception interval for system users; C2 represents the supremum; C3 represents the constraint on the number of system perception anchors; C4 represents the constraint on user communication utility; C5 represents the range of values ​​for the perception anchor selection indicator variable; and C6 represents the range of values ​​for the reference signal comb spectrum parameter. S2. The base station's scheduling module generates scheduling information and signaling according to the time-frequency resource scheduling strategy, and interacts with the signaling of the user terminal. S3. The base station's policy execution module generates an integrated communication and sensing signal based on the sensing anchor point and time-frequency resource scheduling strategy.

2. The integrated communication and sensing method for base station and user collaboration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The decision variables of the multi-objective programming framework include: the indicator variable for selecting the sensing anchor point and the configuration parameters of the comb spectrum of the sensing reference signal; The constraints of the multi-objective planning framework include: the number of system perception anchor points and the user communication utility constraints. The base station's strategy execution module is used to map communication signals and sensing signals onto time-frequency domain resource blocks according to the time-frequency resource strategy output by the base station's strategy generation module, thereby generating signals for communication and sensing functions on the same active bandwidth. The base station provides communication services to multiple users and uses sensing reference signals for target perception. During each scheduling period, the base station selects a group of users as sensing anchors and uses a bi-station radar mode to cooperate with the users for target perception and share sensing information. When a user is selected as a sensing anchor, the base station will allocate part of the user's time and frequency resources for sensing reference signal transmission.

3. The integrated communication and sensing method for base station and user collaboration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The objective function expression for maximizing the mutual information of radar perception in the system is represented by the following formula (3): （3） in, Select an indicator variable for the perception anchor; I is the number of user terminals; This indicates that the i-th user terminal is selected as the perception anchor point in the t-th scheduling period; This indicates that it was not selected as a perception anchor point; The comb spectrum parameters represent the time-frequency resources of the sensing reference signal for the i-th user terminal in the t-th scheduling period; where, It represents the comb spectrum size of the sensed reference signal on a physical resource block, i.e., the subcarrier spacing on the same symbol period or the symbol spacing on the same subcarrier; This represents the number of symbols occupied by the sensing reference signal on one physical resource block; where, This represents the received signal-to-noise ratio of the reference signal perceived by the i-th user terminal during the t-th scheduling period. This represents the number of subcarriers allocated to the i-th user terminal. This represents the number of time slots allocated to the i-th user terminal during the t-th scheduling period; It represents the time-bandwidth product, which is dimensionless; This represents radar sensing mutual information.

4. The integrated communication and sensing method for base station and user collaboration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The objective function for minimizing the maximum perceived interval of the system user is expressed by the following formula (4): （4） in, Let represent the scheduling period during which the i-th user terminal was most recently selected as a sensing anchor point, and t represent the count of the current scheduling period. This represents the time interval since user i was last selected as a perception anchor; where, if user i is selected as a perception anchor in the current scheduling period t, i.e. ,but Otherwise, if user i is not selected as the perception anchor point during the current scheduling period t, i.e. ,but .

5. The integrated communication and sensing method for base station and user collaboration according to claim 2, characterized in that, The user communication utility constraints include: the proportion of time-frequency resources used by user i to carry sensing reference signals to its current total time-frequency resources cannot exceed [a certain percentage]. That is, the percentage decrease in communication rate caused by user i due to the perceived reference signal occupying its time-frequency resources does not exceed [a certain percentage]. , The user communication utility constraint is expressed by the following formula (5): （5） in, Select indicator variables for the perception anchors; This represents the number of time slots allocated to the i-th user terminal during the t-th scheduling period. It represents the comb spectrum size of the sensed reference signal on a physical resource block, i.e., the subcarrier spacing on the same symbol period or the symbol spacing on the same subcarrier; This represents the number of symbols occupied by the sensing reference signal on one physical resource block; when user i is selected as the sensing anchor point during the current scheduling period t, the amount of time-frequency resources sacrificed to carry the sensing reference signal is represented as... The total communication time-frequency resources allocated to this user within the period from the last time they were selected as a sensing anchor point to the current scheduling period t are... ,in This indicates the scheduling period during which user i was last selected as the perception anchor. This indicates the scheduling period during which user i was last selected as the perception anchor. The total number of time slots allocated within the current scheduling period t.

6. A base station and user collaborative communication and sensing integrated system, wherein the base station and user collaborative communication and sensing integrated system is used to implement the base station and user collaborative communication and sensing integrated method as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The system includes: The base station's strategy generation module is used to dynamically select sensing anchor points by constructing a multi-objective planning framework that includes two optimization objectives: maximizing the system's radar sensing mutual information and minimizing the system's maximum user sensing interval. Under the constraint of communication service guarantee, it further optimizes the comb spectrum parameters of the sensing reference signal and generates a time-frequency resource scheduling strategy. The base station's scheduling module is used to generate scheduling information and signaling according to the time-frequency resource scheduling strategy, and to interact with the signaling of the user terminal. The base station's policy execution module is used to generate integrated communication and sensing signals based on sensing anchor points and time-frequency resource scheduling strategies.

7. An integrated communication and sensing device for base station and user collaboration, characterized in that, The integrated communication and sensing equipment that coordinates between the base station and the user includes: processor; A memory storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the processor, implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium contains program code that can be invoked by a processor to execute the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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