Self-cleaning type fish passing system and fish passing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-cleaning type fish passing system and a fish passing method. The fish passing system comprises a fish ladder body, the water inlet end of the fish ladder body is connected with a water inlet channel, the water outlet end of the fish ladder body is connected with a floating piece, a sewage draining channel is arranged below the fish ladder body, a rotating groove is formed in an inlet of the water inlet channel, and a rotating plate is arranged in the rotating groove. When the fish ladder is used, the flow speed of water flow in the fish ladder body is controlled by adjusting the height of the rotating plate, and the problem that fishes cannot smoothly pass through due to the fact that water flow of a traditional fish ladder is too fast or too slow is solved. By arranging the structures such as the sewage draining channel, the closing plate and the sewage draining exit, sediments fall into the sewage draining channel through the water inlet, slide downwards along with water flow and the inclined sewage draining channel and finally slide out through the sewage draining exit, and the effect of timed cleaning is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of high dam fish passing, and particularly relates to a self-cleaning fish passing system and a fish passing method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Due to the blocking of water flow by water structures (such as dams), in order to ensure that fish can successfully return to spawn and reproduce, a fish passing system such as a fishway or a fish elevator is built on one side of most dams, so that fish can pass through the dam into the upstream to reproduce, thereby ensuring the diversity of fish in the river.

[0003] However, the fish passing system of most high dams has obvious use limitations: first, the fish passing system is usually arranged on one side of the water channel and relies on water flow impact to attract fish, but it is difficult to quickly guide fish in a traditional attracting manner, and fish may miss the entrance; second, in order to help fish recover their strength, baffles are arranged in the system to form a rest area with slow water flow, but the area is prone to accumulate waterweeds, garbage and sediments, causing the fish passing system to be blocked and hindering the passage of fish; third, the water flow of the fish passing system lacks artificial control, and problems such as too fast or too slow flow rate may occur during use: when the flow rate is too fast, small fish cannot pass through, and when the flow rate is too slow, the water depth is insufficient and large fish cannot pass through, eventually causing fish to gather and congest, thereby reducing the passage efficiency of the fish passing system. SUMMARY

[0004] The application provides a self-cleaning fish passing system and a fish passing method to solve the problems of insufficient fish attraction of the fishway and fishway siltation.

[0005] The application is implemented by the following technical solutions.

[0006] The self-cleaning fish passing system provided by the application comprises a fish ladder main body, a water inlet channel connected to the water inlet end of the fish ladder main body, a floating member connected to the water outlet end of the fish ladder main body, a sewage discharge channel arranged below the fish ladder main body, a turning groove arranged at the inlet of the water inlet channel, and a turning plate arranged in the turning groove.

[0007] Preferably, turning holes are symmetrically arranged on the inner walls of the turning groove, and transmission grooves are symmetrically arranged on the inner walls of the turning groove, a mounting groove is arranged on one side of the inner wall of the transmission groove, a motor is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the mounting groove, the output end of the motor extends into the interior of the transmission groove, a gear is fixedly installed on the output end of the motor, and a bearing is installed on the inner wall of the turning hole.

[0008] Preferably, turning shafts are symmetrically installed on both sides of the turning plate, fan-shaped plates are symmetrically installed on the outer wall of the turning plate, arc-shaped grooves are arranged on the outer wall of the fan-shaped plate, and gear teeth are installed on the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove.

[0009] Preferably, the inner wall of the water inlet is symmetrically provided with a guide groove on both sides, the guide groove is located between the fish ladder body and the rotating groove 13, a guide rod is fixedly installed inside the guide groove, a floating rod is slidably arranged on the guide rod, a water flow sensor is fixedly installed on the floating rod, and a baffle is symmetrically installed on both sides of the inner wall of the water inlet.

[0010] Preferably, the outer wall of the baffle is symmetrically provided with a guide plate on one side, and one end of the floating rod is slidably arranged between the two guide plates.

[0011] Preferably, the sewage channel is inclined, water inlets are symmetrically and equidistantly provided on the top of the sewage channel, sewage outlets are symmetrically and equidistantly provided on both sides of the fish ladder body away from the water inlet, the sewage outlets are communicated with the sewage channel, connecting shafts are symmetrically and equidistantly installed on the inner wall of the top of the sewage channel, the connecting shafts are located beside the water inlets, a closing plate is rotatably arranged on the connecting shaft, the closing plate is rotatably arranged on the connecting shaft through an adjusting assembly, and small holes are equidistantly provided on the closing plate.

[0012] Preferably, the adjusting assembly comprises a spring and an arc-shaped rod, the arc-shaped rod is equidistantly and symmetrically installed on the inner wall of the top of the sewage channel, perforations are symmetrically provided on the closing plate, the arc-shaped rod is arranged on the closing plate through the perforations, and the spring is sleeved on the arc-shaped rod, and the two ends of the spring are in contact with the top of the sewage channel and the bottom of the closing plate, respectively.

[0013] Preferably, a guide groove is provided on the top of the floating member, and auxiliary grooves are equidistantly and symmetrically provided in the guide groove, the depth of the auxiliary grooves is smaller than that of the guide groove.

[0014] Preferably, mounting holes are equidistantly provided in the floating member, the mounting holes are all located below the guide groove, air bags are inserted into the mounting holes, and the length of the air bag is smaller than that of the mounting hole.

[0015] A use method of the self-cleaning fish passing system, comprising the following steps: 1) The water flow sensor is floated on the water surface through the floating rod, and then the water flow sensor detects the water flow rate and transmits the flow rate result to the motor; 2) The motor compares the flow rate value, if the water flow rate is lower than the preset value, the motor drives the gear to rotate, the gear is engaged with the gear teeth, the rotating plate is opened outward, the height of the rotating plate is reduced, the water flow is quickly flowed into the water inlet, the water flow rate in the fish ladder body is increased, if the water flow rate is higher than the preset value, the gear is reversely driven, the rotating plate is rotated inward, the height of the rotating plate is increased, the water flow into the water inlet is slowed down, and the water flow rate in the fish ladder body is reduced; 3) with the increase of time, the sediment gradually deposits on the closing plate inside the fish ladder body, the mass gradually increases with the increase of time, and then the closing plate and the spring are pressed downward, so that the water inlet is opened, under the action of water flow and gravity, the sediment slides to the inside of the drain and continuously moves downward along the water flow, and finally is discharged through the drain; 4) in use, the water flow is injected into the guide groove on the floating member after passing through the fish ladder body, with the increase of time, the guide groove is gradually filled with water, at this time the water flow is discharged outward through the auxiliary groove, since the floating member is higher than the water surface, the fish will be attracted by the water flow to jump into the guide groove through the plurality of auxiliary grooves and close to the fish ladder body.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present application are: 1、 the present application is provided with a rotating plate, a water flow sensor and a motor, in use, the water flow velocity inside the water inlet is detected by the water flow sensor, if it is lower than the preset value, the driving gear is driven to open the rotating plate outward, the height of the rotating plate is reduced, the water flow is quickly flowed in, if it is higher than the preset value, the driving gear is reversely driven to shrink the rotating plate inward, the height of the rotating plate is increased, the water flow is slowed down, the water flow velocity is reduced, by rotating the rotating plate, the speed of the water flow is adjusted, the problem that the fish cannot pass through smoothly due to the too fast or too slow water flow of the traditional fish ladder is solved.

[0017] 2、 the present application is provided with a drain, a closing plate and a drain outlet, with the increase of time, the sediment gradually accumulates on the closing plate, under the action of gravity, the closing plate and the spring are pressed downward with the gradual increase of the mass, so that the sediment falls into the inside of the drain through the water inlet, and slides downward along the water flow and the inclined drain, finally slides out through the drain outlet, the effect of cleaning at regular time is achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic view of the present application; Figure 2 It is an appearance view of the present application; Figure 3 It is a sectional view of the baffle plate of the present application; Figure 4 It is a sectional view of the water inlet of the present application; Figure 5 It is an appearance view of the rotating plate of the present application; Figure 6 It is Figure 1 the enlarged view of A in the figure; Figure 7 It is Figure 3 the enlarged view of B in the figure; Figure 8 It is Figure 4 the enlarged view of C in the figure.

[0019] In the figure: 1, water inlet; 2, baffle; 3, water inlet; 4, sewage channel; 5, sewage outlet; 6, mounting hole; 7, air bag; 8, floating member; 9, guide groove; 10, auxiliary groove; 11, fish ladder body; 12, rotating plate; 13, rotating groove; 14, floating rod; 15, bearing; 16, rotating hole; 17, motor; 18, transmission groove; 19, rotating shaft; 20, arc-shaped groove; 21, gear tooth; 22, sector plate; 23, perforation; 24, closing plate; 25, spring; 26, arc-shaped rod; 27, connecting shaft; 28, guide plate; 29, guide groove; 30, water flow sensor; 31, guide rod; 32, gear; 33, mounting groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solutions of the present application are further described below, but the scope of protection is not limited to the description.

[0021] Embodiment: As Figures 1 to 8 shown, a self-cleaning fish passing system includes a fish ladder body 11, the water inlet end of the fish ladder body 11 is connected with a water inlet 1, the water outlet end of the fish ladder body 11 is connected with a floating member 8, a sewage channel 4 is arranged below the fish ladder body 11, a rotating groove 13 is formed at the inlet of the water inlet 1, and a rotating plate 12 is arranged in the rotating groove 13.

[0022] The lower part of the inner wall of the rotating groove 13 is symmetrically provided with a rotating hole 16, and the inner wall of the rotating groove 13 is symmetrically provided with a transmission groove 18 near the fish ladder body 11, the inner wall of the transmission groove 18 is provided with a mounting groove 33, the mounting groove 33 is fixedly installed with a motor 17, the output end of the motor 17 extends into the transmission groove 18, a gear 32 is fixedly installed on the output end of the motor 17, and a bearing 15 is further fixedly installed between the inner wall of the rotating hole 16 and the rotating shaft 19.

[0023] The rotating shaft 19 is inserted into the rotating hole 16, the sector plate 22 is symmetrically installed on the outer wall of the rotating plate 12 near the transmission groove 18, the sector plate 22 is embedded in the transmission groove 18, the arc-shaped groove 20 is formed on the outer wall of the sector plate 22 near the motor 17, the gear tooth 21 is installed on the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove 20 at equal intervals, the gear 32 is embedded in the arc-shaped groove 20, and the gear 32 is embeddedly connected with the gear tooth 21.

[0024] The inner wall of the water inlet channel 1 is symmetrically provided with a guide groove 29 on both sides, which is located between the fish ladder body 11 and the rotating groove 13. A guide rod 31 is fixedly installed inside the guide groove 29. The floating rod 14 is slidably provided on the guide rod 31. A water flow sensor 30 is fixedly installed on the side wall outside the guide groove 29. The inner wall of the water inlet channel 1 is symmetrically provided with a baffle 2. The baffle 2 is wrapped around the periphery of the water flow sensor 30.

[0025] Through the above technical scheme, in use, the water flow sensor 30 detects the water flow rate in the water inlet channel 1 and transmits the detection result to the motor 17. By comparing the detected value with the preset value, if it is lower than the preset value, the motor 17 is started. The meshing connection of the gear 32 and the gear teeth 21 drives the rotating plate 12 to rotate outward, reduces the vertical height of the rotating plate 12, and makes the external water flow more easily enter the inside of the water inlet channel 1, thereby increasing the water flow rate. If it is higher than the preset value, the motor 17 drives the gear 32 to rotate in the opposite direction, causing the rotating plate 12 to shrink inward, increasing the vertical height of the rotating plate 12, and slowing down the external water flow, thereby reducing the water flow rate. The problem that fish cannot pass through smoothly due to the too fast or too slow water flow of the traditional fish ladder is solved.

[0026] In addition, since the water flow sensor 30 is arranged on the floating rod 14, it is ensured that the water flow sensor 30 always floats on the water surface to adapt to water flow detection work at different water levels. The arrangement of the baffle 2 prevents external foreign matters from hitting the water flow sensor 30 and causing damage to the water flow sensor 30.

[0027] The baffle 2 is symmetrically provided with a guide plate 28 on one side of the outer wall close to the floating rod 14. The floating rod 14 is slidably arranged between the two guide plates 28 away from the guide rod 31.

[0028] In use, the installed guide plate 28 ensures that the floating rod 14 does not slide left and right with the water flow sensor 30, reducing the active impact of the water flow sensor 30 on the inner wall of the water inlet channel 1. The installation of the bearing 15 increases the smoothness of the rotating plate 12 and improves the accuracy of the flow rate adjustment.

[0029] The sewage channel 4 is an inclined structure. The top of the sewage channel 4 is provided with water inlets 3 at equal intervals. The two sides of the fish ladder body 11 away from the water inlet channel 1 are symmetrically provided with sewage outlets 5. The sewage outlets 5 are in communication with the sewage channel 4. The inner wall of the sewage channel 4 is symmetrically provided with connecting shafts 27 at the top at equal intervals. The connecting shafts 27 are located beside the water inlets 3. The closing plates 24 are rotatably arranged on the connecting shafts 27. The closing plates 24 are rotatably arranged on the connecting shafts 27 through adjusting assemblies. The adjusting assemblies are used to control the distance between the closing plates 24 and the water inlets 3. The closing plates 24 are provided with small holes at equal intervals.

[0030] The adjusting assembly comprises a spring 25 and an arc-shaped rod 26, the arc-shaped rod 26 is symmetrically installed at the top of the inner wall of the blow-off channel 4 at equal intervals, the arc-shaped rod 26 is arranged at the two sides of the water inlet 3 respectively, the closure plate 24 is symmetrically provided with a through hole 23, the arc-shaped rod 26 is arranged on the closure plate 24 through the through hole 23, and the spring 25 is sleeved on the arc-shaped rod 26, and the two ends of the spring 25 are in contact with the top of the blow-off channel 4 and the bottom of the closure plate 24 respectively.

[0031] The top of the floating piece 8 is provided with a guide groove 9, and the inner wall upper portion of the guide groove 9 is symmetrically provided with an auxiliary groove 10 at equal intervals, and the depth of the auxiliary groove 10 is less than the depth of the guide groove 9.

[0032] The inside of the floating piece 8 is provided with a mounting hole 6 at equal intervals, the mounting hole 6 is located below the guide groove 9, and the inside of the mounting hole 6 is inserted and mounted with an air bag 7, and the length of the air bag 7 is less than the length of the mounting hole 6.

[0033] A use method of a self-cleaning fish passing system, comprising the following steps: 1) The water flow sensor floating piece 30 is driven by the floating rod 14 to float on the water surface, and then the water flow sensor 30 detects the water inflow rate and transmits the flow rate result to the motor 17; 2) The motor 17 compares the flow rate value, if the water flow rate is lower than the preset value, the gear 32 is driven to rotate, the gear 32 is engaged with the gear teeth 21, the rotating plate 12 is opened outward, the height of the rotating plate 12 is reduced, the water flow is quickly flowed into the water inlet channel 1, the water flow rate in the fish ladder main body 11 is increased, if the water flow rate is higher than the preset value, the gear 32 is reversely driven, the rotating plate 12 is driven to rotate inward, the height of the rotating plate 12 is increased, the water flow flowing into the water inlet channel 1 is slowed down, and the water flow rate in the fish ladder main body 11 is reduced; 3) With the increase of time, the silt is gradually deposited on the closure plate 24 in the fish ladder main body 11, the mass gradually increases with the increase of time, and then the closure plate 24 and the spring 25 are pressed downward, so that the water inlet 3 is opened, under the action of water flow and gravity, the silt slides to the inside of the blow-off channel 4 and continuously moves downward along the water flow, and finally is discharged through the blow-off port 5, and the whole process does not use electrical equipment, which is convenient for long-distance fish ladder construction and use; 4) In use, the water flow is injected into the guide groove 9 on the floating member 8 after passing through the fish ladder body 11, and the guide groove 9 is gradually filled with water over time, at which time the water flow is discharged outward through the auxiliary grooves 10, and since the floating member 8 is higher than the water surface, the fish will be attracted by the water flow and jump into the guide groove 9 through the plurality of auxiliary grooves 10, and after the fish jump into the guide groove 9 through the auxiliary grooves 10, they will be attracted by the water flow injected into the guide groove 9 by the fish ladder body 11 and gradually move towards the inside of the fish ladder body 11, thereby expanding the attraction effect of the water flow of the fish ladder body 11, facilitating actual use.

Claims

1. A self-cleaning fish passage system, characterized by: The fish ladder body (11) is connected with the water inlet channel (1) at the water inlet end, the fish ladder body (11) is connected with the floating member (8) at the water outlet end, the fish ladder body (11) is provided with the sewage discharge channel (4) below, the inlet of the water inlet channel (1) is provided with the rotating groove (13), and the rotating groove (13) is provided with the rotating plate (12).

2. The self-cleaning fish passage system of claim 1, wherein: The inner wall of the rotating groove (13) is symmetrically provided with the rotating hole (16) on both sides, and the inner wall of the rotating groove (13) is symmetrically provided with the transmission groove (18) on both sides, the inner wall of the transmission groove (18) is provided with the mounting groove (33) on one side, the motor (17) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the mounting groove (33), the output end of the motor (17) extends to the inside of the transmission groove (18), the gear (32) is fixedly installed on the output end of the motor (17), and the bearing (15) is installed on the inner wall of the rotating hole (16).

3. The self-cleaning fish passage system of claim 1, wherein: The rotating plate (12) is symmetrically provided with the rotating shaft (19) on both sides, the outer wall of the rotating plate (12) is symmetrically provided with the fan-shaped plate (22), the outer wall of the fan-shaped plate (22) is provided with the arc-shaped groove (20), and the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove (20) is provided with the gear tooth (21).

4. The self-cleaning fish passage system of claim 1, wherein: The inner wall of the water inlet channel (1) is symmetrically provided with the guide groove (29) on both sides, the guide groove (29) is located between the fish ladder body (11) and the rotating groove (13), the guide rod (31) is fixedly installed in the guide groove (29), the floating rod (14) is slidably arranged on the guide rod (31), the water flow sensor (30) is fixedly installed on the floating rod (14), the water inlet channel (1) is symmetrically provided with the baffle (2) on both sides, and the baffle (2) is wrapped around the periphery of the water flow sensor (30).

5. A self-cleaning fish passage system as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The outer wall of the baffle (2) is symmetrically provided with the guide plate (28) on one side, and one end of the floating rod (14) is slidably arranged between the two guide plates (28).

6. The self-cleaning fish passage system of claim 1, wherein: The sewage discharge channel (4) is of an inclined structure, water inlets (3) are equally spaced apart on the top of the sewage discharge channel (4), sewage outlets (5) are symmetrically formed on the two sides of the fish ladder body (11) away from the water inlet channel (1), the sewage outlets (5) are in communication with the sewage discharge channel (4), connecting shafts (27) are symmetrically and equally installed on the top of the inner wall of the sewage discharge channel (4), the connecting shafts (27) are located beside the water inlets (3), the closing plates (24) are rotatably arranged on the connecting shafts (27) through the adjusting assembly, and the closing plates (24) are equally provided with small holes.

7. A self-cleaning fish passage system as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The adjusting assembly comprises springs (25) and arc-shaped rods (26), the arc-shaped rods (26) are equally and symmetrically installed on the top of the inner wall of the sewage discharge channel (4), the closing plates (24) are symmetrically provided with through holes (23), the arc-shaped rods (26) are arranged on the closing plates (24) through the through holes (23), the springs (25) are sleeved on the arc-shaped rods (26), and the two ends of the spring (25) are in contact with the top of the sewage discharge channel (4) and the bottom of the closing plate (24) respectively.

8. The self-cleaning fish passage system of claim 1, wherein: The top of the floating member (8) is provided with a guide groove (9), the guide groove (9) is provided with auxiliary grooves (10) at equal intervals and symmetrically, and the depth of the auxiliary groove (10) is less than that of the guide groove (9).

9. The self-cleaning fish passage system of claim 8, wherein: The inside of the floating member (8) is provided with mounting holes (6) at equal intervals, the mounting holes (6) are all located below the guide groove (9), and the inside of the mounting hole (6) is provided with an air bag (7).

10. A method of passing fish through a self-cleaning fish passage system according to claim 1, characterized in that Including the following steps: 1) The water flow sensor float (30) is driven by the floating rod (14) to float on the water surface, and then the water flow sensor (30) detects the water inflow velocity, and transmits the flow velocity result to the motor (17); 2) The motor (17) compares the flow velocity value, if the water flow velocity is lower than the preset value, the gear (32) is driven to rotate, the gear (32) is engaged with the gear teeth (21), the rotating plate (12) is opened outward, the height of the rotating plate (12) is reduced, the water flow is quickly flowed into the water inlet channel (1), and the water flow velocity in the fish ladder main body (11) is increased; if the water flow velocity is higher than the preset value, the gear (32) is reversely driven, the rotating plate (12) is driven to rotate inward, the height of the rotating plate (12) is increased, the water flow flowing into the water inlet channel (1) is slowed down, and the water flow velocity in the fish ladder main body (11) is reduced; 3) With the increase of time, the silt is gradually deposited on the closure plate (24) in the fish ladder main body (11), the mass gradually increases with the increase of time, and then the closure plate (24) and the spring (25) are extruded downward, so that the water inlet (3) is opened, under the action of water flow and gravity, the silt slides to the inside of the drainage channel (4) and continuously moves downward along the water flow, and finally is discharged through the drainage outlet (5); 4) In use, the water flow is injected into the guide groove (9) on the floating member (8) after passing through the fish ladder main body (11), with the increase of time, the guide groove (9) is gradually filled with water, at this time the water flow is flowed out through the auxiliary groove (10), because the floating member (8) is higher than the water surface, the fish will be attracted by the water flow and jump into the guide groove (9) through the auxiliary groove (10), and close to the fish ladder main body (11).

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