Vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system and vehicle

Abstract

The invention provides a vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of vehicles. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system is integrated in a roof area and / or a rear air window area in a vehicle and comprises a control unit, a flexible photovoltaic module, a motion track, a motion mechanism and an energy storage battery. The flexible photovoltaic module is electrically connected with the energy storage battery; the movement track is mounted in a roof area and / or a rear air window area in the vehicle; the control unit is used for issuing a control instruction to the movement mechanism; the movement mechanism is used for controlling the flexible photovoltaic module to be unfolded or folded along the movement track according to the control instruction, and the flexible photovoltaic module covers a car roof light-transmitting area and / or a rear air window light-transmitting area in the unfolded state. The invention is used for improving the space utilization rate of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of vehicle technology, specifically to an in-vehicle photovoltaic system and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the global energy structure transformation and the rapid development of the new energy vehicle market, vehicle-mounted photovoltaic systems have become an important direction for improving vehicle energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions. One key research area for vehicle-mounted photovoltaic systems is improving their space utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present disclosure provides an in-vehicle photovoltaic system and a vehicle to improve the space utilization rate of the in-vehicle photovoltaic system.

[0004] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides an in-vehicle photovoltaic system, which is integrated into the vehicle roof area and / or rear windshield area, and includes: a control unit, a flexible photovoltaic module, a motion track, a motion mechanism, and an energy storage battery; the flexible photovoltaic module is electrically connected to the energy storage battery. The motion track is installed in the vehicle roof area and / or rear windshield area; The control unit is used to issue control commands to the motion mechanism; The motion mechanism is used to control the flexible photovoltaic module to unfold or retract along the motion track according to the control command. When the flexible photovoltaic module is unfolded, it covers the light-transmitting area of ​​the roof and / or the light-transmitting area of ​​the rear windshield.

[0005] Secondly, this disclosure provides a vehicle in which the vehicle roof area or rear window area integrates the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system described in the first aspect.

[0006] The embodiments provided in this disclosure integrate an on-board photovoltaic system into the vehicle roof area and / or rear window area, making full use of the space in the vehicle roof area or rear window area and improving the space utilization rate of the on-board photovoltaic system. The on-board photovoltaic system is equipped with flexible photovoltaic modules. The control unit controls the flexible photovoltaic modules to unfold or retract along a movement track set in the vehicle roof area and / or rear window area via a motion mechanism. When photovoltaic power generation is needed, the flexible photovoltaic modules unfold to fully absorb sunlight for conversion, improving power generation efficiency and simultaneously providing sunshade. When photovoltaic power generation is not needed, the flexible photovoltaic modules retract to free up space in the vehicle roof area and / or rear window area, while protecting the flexible photovoltaic modules. This achieves both sunshade and power generation, without affecting the vehicle's styling, and improves space utilization and aesthetics. The automatic dynamic unfolding and retraction of the photovoltaic modules through the motion mechanism adapts to different lighting conditions and usage scenarios, greatly improving power generation flexibility and energy utilization efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0007] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0008] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic of an on-board photovoltaic system in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0009] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the process by which a motor controls the unfolding or retraction of a flexible photovoltaic module in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0010] Figure 3 The diagram shown is an equivalent circuit diagram of a flexible photovoltaic module in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0011] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of multi-channel independent control in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0012] Figure 5 The diagram shown illustrates the process by which the control unit controls the working mode of the flexible photovoltaic module in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0013] Figure 6 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the overall control process of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0014] Figure 7 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of an electronic device in an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0016] Where there is no conflict, the various embodiments of this disclosure and the features thereof in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0017] As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more related enumerated entries.

[0018] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that when the terms “comprising” and / or “made of” are used in this specification, the presence of the stated feature, integral, step, operation, element, and / or component is specified, but the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof is not excluded. Words such as “connected” or “linked” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0019] Unless otherwise specified, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. It will also be understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and this disclosure, and will not be interpreted as having an idealized or overly formal meaning, unless expressly so defined herein.

[0020] To improve the space utilization of vehicle-mounted photovoltaic systems, embodiments of this disclosure provide a vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system integrated into the vehicle roof area and / or rear window area. For example, the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system is integrated into the vehicle interior roof area and / or rear window area. Integrating the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system into the vehicle interior helps to extend its lifespan.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system includes: a control unit, a flexible photovoltaic module 100, a motion track 400, a motion mechanism, and an energy storage battery 600; the flexible photovoltaic module 100 is electrically connected to the energy storage battery 600; the motion track 400 is installed on the vehicle roof area and / or the rear windshield area; the control unit is used to issue control commands to the motion mechanism; the motion mechanism is used to control the flexible photovoltaic module 100 to unfold or retract along the motion track according to the control commands, and the flexible photovoltaic module 100 covers the light-transmitting area of ​​the roof and / or the light-transmitting area of ​​the rear windshield when unfolded.

[0022] The light-transmitting area of ​​the roof can be either a sunroof glass panel 700 or a panoramic glass panel.

[0023] For example, the motion track 400 is installed in the vehicle roof area, or in the rear window area, or in both the vehicle roof area and the rear window area.

[0024] The embodiments provided in this disclosure integrate an on-board photovoltaic system into the vehicle roof area and / or rear window area, making full use of the space in the vehicle roof area or rear window area and improving the space utilization rate of the on-board photovoltaic system. The on-board photovoltaic system is equipped with flexible photovoltaic modules. The control unit controls the flexible photovoltaic modules to unfold or retract along a movement track set in the vehicle roof area and / or rear window area via a motion mechanism. When photovoltaic power generation is needed, the flexible photovoltaic modules unfold to fully absorb sunlight for conversion, improving power generation efficiency and simultaneously providing sunshade. When photovoltaic power generation is not needed, the flexible photovoltaic modules retract to free up space in the vehicle roof area and / or rear window area, while protecting the flexible photovoltaic modules. This achieves both sunshade and power generation, without affecting the vehicle's styling, and improves space utilization and aesthetics. The automatic dynamic unfolding and retraction of the photovoltaic modules through the motion mechanism adapts to different lighting conditions and usage scenarios, greatly improving power generation flexibility and energy utilization efficiency.

[0025] In some embodiments, the motion mechanism includes a motor 300 and a retraction / expansion assembly; the motion track 400 includes a first guide rail and a second guide rail opposite to each other; the retraction / expansion assembly is fixed to one end of the motion track 400 and spans between the first guide rail and the second guide rail; the fixed end of the flexible photovoltaic module 100 is fixed to the retraction / expansion assembly; the motor 300 is connected to the retraction / expansion assembly, and the motor 300 controls the retraction / expansion assembly to drive the flexible photovoltaic module 100 to unfold or retract along the first guide rail and the second guide rail according to the control command of the control unit.

[0026] In an exemplary embodiment, a motor 300 is mounted at one end of the deployment and retraction assembly, driving the assembly to deploy and retract the flexible photovoltaic module 100. The motor has encoding and remote control functions, enabling precise control of the deployment and retraction amplitude. The motor can be a stepper motor or a servo motor.

[0027] In an exemplary embodiment, the motion track 400 is a pair of parallel and opposite guide rails. The first and second guide rails are fixedly installed on the inner side of the roof below the panoramic sunroof or sunroof, or fixedly installed on the inner side of the rear windshield area, or fixedly installed on the inner side of both the roof and the rear windshield area. The first and second guide rails are made of high-strength lightweight materials (such as aluminum alloy, engineering plastics, etc.) and their surfaces are treated with low friction to reduce the movement resistance of the flexible photovoltaic modules. Guide grooves or slides are provided on both sides of the guide rails, allowing the edges of the flexible photovoltaic modules or their matching sliders to slide within the guide rails, ensuring that the flexible photovoltaic modules always move smoothly along a predetermined path during deployment and retraction. The length of the guide rails is customized according to the size of the sunroof, roof, or rear windshield, or according to the size of both the roof and rear windshield. Limiting devices can be provided at the ends to prevent the modules from exceeding the guide rail range. Some guide rails can also integrate sensors to detect the deployment position of the flexible photovoltaic modules, achieving precise positioning and automatic limit protection.

[0028] The motion track provides a stable unfolding and retraction path for the flexible photovoltaic modules, ensuring that the modules are subjected to uniform force, free from wrinkles and jamming, and remain flat and smooth throughout the movement. The guide rail structure effectively prevents the flexible photovoltaic modules from shifting or twisting during movement, improving system reliability and lifespan. Combined with the control of the motion mechanism, the motion track enables automated and precise unfolding and retraction of the flexible photovoltaic modules, meeting the high requirements for space utilization and aesthetics in a vehicle environment.

[0029] In some embodiments, the take-up and take-down assembly includes a rotating shaft 201 spanning between the first guide rail and the second guide rail, and a drum 200 fixed to the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 201; the drum 200 is used to receive the flexible photovoltaic module 100; the rotating shaft 201 is connected to the motor 300, and the rotating shaft 201 rotates under the control of the motor 300 to pull the flexible photovoltaic module 100 out of the drum 200 and unfold it, or to retract the flexible photovoltaic module 100 into the drum 200.

[0030] The fixed end of the flexible photovoltaic module 100 is connected to the take-up and take-down assembly, meaning that the fixed end of the flexible photovoltaic module 100 is firmly connected to the drum 200. At least one of the two ends of the drum 200 connected to the guide rail integrates a conductive slip ring. The conductive slip ring is used to realize the transmission of electrical signals and power between the inside and outside of the drum when the drum 200 rotates, ensuring stable power supply and signal communication for components such as control units and sensors. This ensures the electrical connection between the inside and outside of the drum during the rotation of the flexible photovoltaic module 100, guarantees the continuity of power output of the flexible photovoltaic module 100 during the rotation process, and improves the reliability and safety of the system.

[0031] In the exemplary embodiment, the drum 200 is a hollow cylinder, fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the rotatable shaft 201. The fixed end of the flexible photovoltaic module 100 is firmly connected to the cylindrical surface of the drum 200, ensuring that the flexible photovoltaic module 100 is subjected to uniform force and is not easily damaged during the unfolding and retraction process. A stepper motor or servo motor is installed at either end of the shaft 201 corresponding to the guide rail. The motor has encoder and remote control functions, enabling precise position control and remote operation. The overall structure of the drum 200 and the shaft 201 is compact, making it easy to integrate into the area below the sunroof or canopy of a vehicle or around the rear window.

[0032] The flexible photovoltaic module 100 is automatically wound and unwound by the rotation of the rotating shaft 201 driven by the motor 300, which in turn drives the drum 200 to rotate synchronously. The motor 300 can rotate forward or backward according to control commands to control the unwound length and winding speed of the flexible photovoltaic module 100. The motor 300 provides real-time feedback on the rotation angle of the drum 200, achieving precise positioning and limit protection for unwinding / rewinding. The motor 300 is rigidly connected to the rotating shaft 201, which drives the drum 200 to achieve automatic unwinding and rewinding of the flexible photovoltaic module 100. To ensure electrical safety, the motor 300 circuit is equipped with overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuits.

[0033] The overall structural design takes into account durability, ease of maintenance and high integration, and is suitable for long-term stable operation in vehicle environments.

[0034] In an exemplary embodiment, a remote control component is also configured. The control unit is connected to the remote control component to generate control commands based on the remote control signals when the remote control component receives them, thereby controlling the flexible photovoltaic module to extend or retract. The remote control function allows users to remotely operate the extension and retraction of the flexible photovoltaic module, increasing operational convenience.

[0035] In some embodiments, the motion mechanism further includes a traction component 202, which is fixed to the other end of the motion track 400 opposite to the retracting component 100 and spans between the first guide rail and the second guide rail; the free end of the flexible photovoltaic module 100 is connected to the traction component 202; when the control command is to unfold the flexible photovoltaic module 100, the control unit controls the traction component to tighten the flexible photovoltaic module 100; when the control command is to retract the flexible photovoltaic module 100, the control unit controls the traction component 202 to release the flexible photovoltaic module 100.

[0036] In an exemplary embodiment, the fixed end of the flexible photovoltaic module is securely connected to the drum 200, and the free end is connected to the traction component 202, so as to connect to the vehicle fixing point through the traction component 202, thereby realizing the orderly unfolding and retraction of the flexible photovoltaic module. The traction component 202 is fixed on the first and second guide rails of the motion track 400 and is parallel to the rotating shaft 201 and the drum 200.

[0037] In an exemplary embodiment, the traction assembly 202 includes components such as a high-strength pull rope, a slider, a guide wheel, and a spring tensioning device. One end of the pull rope is securely connected to the flexible photovoltaic module 100, and the other end slides within the motion track 400 via the slider. The slider is made of a low-friction material to ensure smooth movement within the motion track. Optionally, the traction assembly 202 also integrates a spring or tensioning mechanism for automatically adjusting the tension to ensure that the flexible photovoltaic module always maintains appropriate tension and flatness. The guide wheel guides the pull rope or slider along a predetermined trajectory to prevent deviation and jamming. The entire traction assembly 202 has a compact structure, facilitating integration into limited space within a vehicle.

[0038] The main function of the traction component 202 is to provide uniform tension during the unfolding or retraction of the flexible photovoltaic module, assisting the flexible photovoltaic module to unfold smoothly along the motion track 400 and preventing wrinkles, bending, or displacement of the flexible photovoltaic module. During unfolding, the motor 300 drives the drum 200 to release the flexible photovoltaic module 100, and the traction component 202 simultaneously pulls the front end of the flexible photovoltaic module 100, allowing it to unfold smoothly into position along the motion track. During retraction, the traction component 202 assists the flexible photovoltaic module to smoothly rewind back into the drum 200. A spring or tensioning device can automatically compensate for changes in the length of the flexible photovoltaic module, maintaining appropriate tension at all times, improving reliability and service life. The traction component 202 can also work with a position sensor to achieve precise positioning and limit protection for the unfolding / retraction of the flexible photovoltaic module 100, ensuring operational safety.

[0039] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the process of a motor controlling the unfolding or retraction of a flexible photovoltaic module. The process includes the control unit receiving a control command and determining whether the command is to unfold or retract. If unfolding is required, the motor rotates forward, the flexible photovoltaic module unfolds, the traction module assists in unfolding, and the motor stops after the flexible photovoltaic module has fully unfolded. If retraction is required, the motor rotates in reverse, the flexible photovoltaic module retracts, and the motor stops after the flexible photovoltaic module has fully retracted.

[0040] In some embodiments, the flexible photovoltaic module 100 includes a plurality of flexible solar cells 101, which may be flexible perovskite solar cells or flexible monocrystalline silicon solar cells. The plurality of flexible solar cells 101 are connected in series or parallel and encapsulated in flexible front and back encapsulation layers, providing a certain degree of bending capability.

[0041] In an exemplary embodiment, the front encapsulation layer of the flexible photovoltaic module uses a transparent film with high light transmittance and UV resistance, such as silicone, POE, EVA, or TPO, and is covered with a transparent protective layer such as PET, ETFE, ECTFE, or PVDF. The back encapsulation layer consists of an encapsulation film layer and / or a back protective layer, which can be made of PET, ETFE, ECTFE, PVDF, or flexible fabric to enhance waterproofing, dustproofing, and corrosion resistance. Transparent or opaque materials can be selected according to actual needs, balancing protection, flexibility, and aesthetics to adapt to varying automotive environments. Multi-layer high-performance encapsulation enhances the waterproofing, dustproofing, UV resistance, and corrosion resistance of the flexible photovoltaic module, improves environmental adaptability, ensures long-term stable operation, and fully adapts to the environmental sensitivity of perovskite materials.

[0042] In exemplary embodiments, flexible perovskite solar cells or flexible monocrystalline silicon solar cells, with their unique advantages such as high efficiency, flexibility, low-temperature solution-soluble processing, and large-area fabrication, have become representative of the next generation of photovoltaic technology. Flexible perovskite solar cells or flexible monocrystalline silicon solar cells (using ultra-thin silicon wafer technology) can achieve lightweight, flexibility, and rollability, adapting to various curved surfaces and dynamic application scenarios such as car roofs and luggage racks, greatly expanding the application space of automotive photovoltaics.

[0043] Flexible perovskite solar cells are fabricated using advanced processes such as three-dimensional laminar flow wind field technology, spin coating, and vacuum flash evaporation, exhibiting high flexibility, high strength, and high photoelectric conversion efficiency. Precise thickness control of the flexible perovskite solar cells has been achieved; for example, the area fluctuation of 0.79 square meters is less than 3 micrometers. This ensures efficient and stable operation under large-area dynamic applications, overcoming the technical bottleneck of perovskite materials in dynamic automotive applications.

[0044] By integrating flexible perovskite or flexible monocrystalline silicon solar cells, rollers, shafts, traction components, and motion tracks into a single design, a high degree of integration of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system is achieved. The control unit can automatically, smoothly, and steplessly deploy or retract the flexible photovoltaic modules through the operating mechanism, greatly improving space utilization and power generation efficiency.

[0045] The edges of flexible perovskite solar cells or flexible monocrystalline silicon solar cells are rounded at the nanoscale to reduce micro-stress concentration, improve crack resistance, adapt to dynamic bending and winding requirements, effectively reduce the risk of micro-crack generation and propagation in automotive application scenarios such as dynamic bending, vibration and thermal expansion and contraction, and improve crack resistance and service life.

[0046] Flexible photovoltaic modules composed of flexible perovskite solar cells or flexible monocrystalline silicon solar cells can adapt to various curved surfaces and dynamic application scenarios, and are significantly superior to traditional rigid or semi-rigid modules.

[0047] In some embodiments, the flexible photovoltaic module 100 includes N parallel flexible solar cell strings, each flexible solar cell string including M series flexible solar cell sheets 101, where N and M are integers greater than or equal to 2; each flexible solar cell string is perpendicular to the first guide rail and the second guide rail; each flexible solar cell string is connected to the control unit; the control unit is used to bypass or connect at least one flexible solar cell string.

[0048] Each flexible solar cell string is connected by a busbar 102 to collect current, facilitating independent control of multiple channels and bypass protection. The busbar is made of a highly conductive metal material.

[0049] The value of M is set as needed. For example, the number of flexible solar cells 101 included in each flexible solar cell string is optimized according to the input voltage range of the controller and the system power requirements.

[0050] Here, a control unit enables multi-channel zone control of the flexible photovoltaic modules. Each channel independently connects to and controls at least one flexible solar cell string, achieving zoned management. Multi-channel zone control supports independent monitoring, optimization, and bypass protection for each cell string, ensuring that localized failures do not affect overall performance.

[0051] In some embodiments, the control unit includes a controller 500 and S bypass switches 103; S is an integer greater than 1; one bypass switch 103 corresponds to at least one flexible solar cell string; the controller 500 is used to control the on / off state of any one of the bypass switches 103 to connect or bypass the flexible solar cell string corresponding to the bypass switch.

[0052] In an exemplary embodiment, one or more flexible solar cell strings are configured with independent bypass switches 103. These bypass switches 103 are mounted on a busbar 102, which is connected in parallel with at least one solar cell string. The bypass switches 103 protect the flexible solar cell strings connected in parallel with the busbar 102. When a faulty flexible solar cell string is detected, the controller 500 controls the bypass switch 103 corresponding to the faulty string to be turned on, thereby bypassing at least one flexible solar cell string (including the faulty string) connected in parallel with the bypass switch 103. After the fault is resolved, the controller 500 controls the corresponding bypass switch 103 to be turned off, connecting at least one flexible solar cell string (including the faulty string) connected in parallel with the bypass switch 103, thus restoring this portion of the flexible solar cell string to normal operation. The bypass switches 103 employ electronic switching devices such as MOSFETs and relays. The bypass switches utilize ultra-thin flexible electronic switching devices (such as diodes) that can expand or contract with the flexible photovoltaic module 100. Busbar 102 ensures efficient current guidance between flexible solar cell strings, achieving effective current collection and distribution, and improving overall electrical performance and system reliability. The design of busbar 102 ensures reasonable current distribution between adjacent flexible solar cell strings, rapid bypass action, and guarantees efficient and safe operation even when some flexible solar cell strings fail.

[0053] In the exemplary embodiment, S equals N. A busbar 102 is provided between adjacent flexible solar cell strings, and the busbar 102 is used to guide the current from one end of a flexible solar cell string to the other end. For example... Figure 3 The diagram shows the equivalent circuit of the flexible photovoltaic module 100. In this example, the bypass switch is equivalent to a diode connected in series on the busbar. One power source represents one flexible solar cell, and several flexible solar cells connected in series form a flexible solar cell string. When the bypass switch is on, the flexible solar cell string connected in parallel with the bypass switch is bypassed; when the bypass switch is off, the flexible solar cell string connected in parallel with the bypass switch is connected. Each flexible solar cell string is connected to the controller 500.

[0054] In an exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 4The diagram illustrates multi-channel independent control. When a flexible solar cell string is not fully deployed, is shaded, or malfunctions, the controller 500 detects the anomaly and automatically activates the corresponding bypass switch 103. This allows the current to bypass the flexible solar cell string, preventing it from becoming a load that could cause overheating, damage, or affect overall power generation efficiency. For example, assuming there are channels 1, 2, and so on up to channel N, the controller controls cell string 1 through channel 1, cell string 2 through channel 2, and so on, controlling cell string N through channel 3. Bypass switch 1 corresponds to channel 1, bypass switch 2 to channel 2, and so on, with bypass switch N corresponding to channel N.

[0055] In an exemplary embodiment, the controller 500 can be integrated and installed inside or at the end of the reel 200, employing a modular design and possessing multi-channel input capability. Each channel independently corresponds to at least one flexible solar cell string, and the number of channels can be flexibly configured according to the actual number of flexible solar cell strings, ensuring precise management of all flexible solar cell strings. The controller achieves electrical connection with the flexible photovoltaic module, power output terminal, high-voltage / low-voltage battery, and motor respectively through dedicated wiring harnesses.

[0056] In the exemplary embodiment, the controller 500 integrates a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) module, a bypass switch drive unit, a constant voltage / overvoltage protection circuit, and an anomaly detection and safety protection module. The controller 500 may also reserve a communication interface to facilitate data interaction with the vehicle's main control system or a remote monitoring platform.

[0057] The controller 500 executes the MPPT algorithm on each flexible solar cell string through the MPPT module. By dynamically adjusting the operating voltage or current of the flexible solar cell strings, it ensures that the flexible solar cell strings output maximum power under different light and shading conditions. Perovskite modules perform excellently in low light and high temperature environments, and the MPPT algorithm can fully leverage their high conversion efficiency.

[0058] The controller 500 uses a constant voltage / overvoltage protection circuit to automatically adjust the output voltage according to the vehicle's power demand, preventing overvoltage damage to electrical equipment.

[0059] The controller 500 monitors the working status of each channel in real time through the anomaly detection and safety protection module. It automatically shuts down the faulty channel when an anomaly is detected and automatically resumes operation after the anomaly is resolved, thus ensuring system safety.

[0060] The controller 500 drives the bypass switch to open and close via the bypass switch drive unit.

[0061] In the exemplary embodiment, the controller monitors the operating status of each flexible solar cell string in real time, dynamically manages each string, and determines whether there are any abnormal strings, such as those that have malfunctioned or are shaded. If none are found, all flexible solar cell strings output power normally. If an abnormal string is found, the controller drives the bypass switch corresponding to the abnormal string to bypass it, while the remaining normal strings continue to generate power. Once the controller determines that the bypassed string has returned to normal, it controls the corresponding bypass switch to open, and the string is reconnected to the flexible photovoltaic module.

[0062] The controller automatically activates the bypass switch corresponding to the abnormal flexible solar cell string to achieve bypass protection or circuit isolation of the abnormal flexible solar cell string, preventing it from affecting the overall system output; other normal battery strings can continue to operate independently, and the overall power generation efficiency and safety are not affected by a single point of failure; after the abnormal flexible solar cell string returns to normal, the controller drives the bypass switch to automatically disconnect, and the corresponding flexible solar cell string is reconnected, realizing the self-healing function and improving the stability and intelligence level of the system.

[0063] The introduction of multi-channel zone control and bypass self-healing protection mechanism in vehicle-mounted flexible photovoltaic systems has significantly improved the safety, reliability and power generation efficiency of vehicle-mounted photovoltaic systems, breaking through the technical bottleneck of traditional single-channel control systems being susceptible to local faults.

[0064] In some embodiments, the energy storage battery 600 includes a low-voltage battery and / or a high-voltage power battery. The low-voltage battery supplies power to a low-voltage system, and the high-voltage power battery supplies power to a high-voltage system.

[0065] The 600 energy storage battery can be a high-voltage power battery (such as a main power battery for new energy vehicles) or a low-voltage battery (such as a traditional 12V / 48V vehicle battery), flexibly selected according to the vehicle platform and application requirements. The energy storage battery connects to components such as the controller, reel, and motor via a dedicated wiring harness, supporting energy input and output. Circuit break protection and status monitoring modules are provided between the energy storage battery and other system components.

[0066] The energy storage battery 600 provides a stable power supply to the control unit, motor, and related electronic units of the vehicle photovoltaic system, supporting continuous operation of the vehicle photovoltaic system in different vehicle states (such as parking, driving, and standby). When the flexible photovoltaic modules generate electricity, they can charge the energy storage battery 600, realizing energy recovery and recycling, and improving the overall energy efficiency of the vehicle.

[0067] The circuit consisting of the energy storage battery 600 and the motor 300 is equipped with multiple safety protection measures, including automatic detection and circuit breaking protection for overcurrent, overvoltage, short circuit, and abnormal temperature, to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the vehicle photovoltaic system under various working conditions.

[0068] In some embodiments, the control unit is configured to acquire factors affecting photovoltaic power generation; when it is determined based on the factors affecting photovoltaic power generation that photovoltaic power generation needs to be started, it generates a control command to instruct the deployment of the flexible photovoltaic module; or, when it is determined based on the factors affecting photovoltaic power generation that photovoltaic power generation needs to be turned off, it generates a control command to instruct the retraction of the flexible photovoltaic module.

[0069] In an exemplary embodiment, the factors affecting photovoltaic power generation include at least one of the following: the state of charge of the energy storage battery, the current light intensity value, the current state of the vehicle, and the temperature characterization value of the flexible photovoltaic module; the temperature characterization value is used to indicate the temperature of the flexible photovoltaic module or the temperature of the environment in which the flexible photovoltaic module is located.

[0070] Determining the need to start photovoltaic power generation based on the photovoltaic power generation influencing factors includes: determining that photovoltaic power generation needs to be started when the photovoltaic power generation influencing factors meet a first condition; the first condition includes at least one of the following: the state of charge of the energy storage battery is lower than the lower limit of the charge; the current light intensity value is greater than a preset intensity threshold; the temperature characterization value is lower than a preset temperature threshold; the current state of the vehicle belongs to a first target state that allows photovoltaic power generation.

[0071] Determining whether to shut down photovoltaic power generation based on the aforementioned factors affecting photovoltaic power generation includes: determining that photovoltaic power generation needs to be shut down when the factors affecting photovoltaic power generation meet a second condition; the second condition includes at least one of the following: the state of charge of the energy storage battery is not lower than the upper limit of the power capacity; the current light intensity value is less than or equal to a preset intensity threshold; the temperature characterization value is not lower than a preset temperature threshold; the current state of the vehicle belongs to a second target state in which photovoltaic power generation is not allowed.

[0072] The power generation performance of flexible perovskite solar cells is affected by their own temperature or the ambient temperature. When the temperature is higher than the preset temperature threshold, the power generation efficiency is too low. Therefore, for flexible photovoltaic modules composed of flexible perovskite solar cells, the temperature characterization value is lower than the preset temperature threshold as one of the conditions for starting photovoltaic power generation.

[0073] Among these factors, irradiance is a crucial influence on power generation efficiency. Setting the irradiance value above a preset threshold ensures photovoltaic power generation under sufficient sunlight conditions, thereby guaranteeing power generation efficiency. Considering the high photoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent low-light performance of flexible perovskite solar cells, the preset intensity threshold for flexible perovskite solar cells is lower than that for flexible monocrystalline silicon solar cells.

[0074] The system allows photovoltaic power generation to be activated when the energy storage battery's state of charge (SCC) is low. When the SCC indicates sufficient charge, photovoltaic power generation can be switched off. Alternatively, it can continue generating electricity directly to power the vehicle even when it is currently consuming power.

[0075] Among them, the current vehicle status is the first target status that allows photovoltaic power generation, including the current vehicle status indicating that the vehicle is parked, or the energy storage battery needs to be charged and there is sufficient sunlight.

[0076] The vehicle's current state falls under the second target state, which does not allow photovoltaic power generation. This means that all states other than the first target state are considered the second target state, including when the vehicle is in motion or when the energy storage battery does not need to be charged.

[0077] In some embodiments, the control unit is further configured to: control the operating mode of the flexible photovoltaic module, the operating mode being configured to indicate the direction of power flow of the flexible photovoltaic module.

[0078] The operating modes include supplying power to the low-voltage battery, supplying power to the high-voltage power battery, supplying power to the low-voltage system, supplying power to the high-voltage system, and supplying power to both the low-voltage battery and the low-voltage system simultaneously.

[0079] For example, when the state of charge of the low-voltage battery is less than a first threshold (threshold A), a control command is generated to instruct the deployment of the flexible photovoltaic module, and the operating mode is to charge the low-voltage battery. When the state of charge of the low-voltage battery is greater than the second threshold (threshold B), a control command is generated to instruct the deployment of the flexible photovoltaic module, and the operating mode is to supply power to the low-voltage system. When the state of charge of the low-voltage battery is greater than or equal to the third threshold (threshold C1) and less than or equal to the fourth threshold (threshold C2), a control command is generated to instruct the flexible photovoltaic module to be deployed, and the working mode is to simultaneously supply power to the low-voltage battery and the low-voltage system. When the state of charge of the high-voltage power battery is less than the fifth threshold, a control command is generated to instruct the deployment of the flexible photovoltaic module, and the operating mode is to charge the high-voltage power battery.

[0080] The values ​​of the first threshold, the third threshold, the fourth threshold, and the second threshold increase sequentially.

[0081] In the exemplary embodiment, the control unit 500 incorporates an energy management system (EMS). The EMS collects multi-source data in real time and intelligently determines whether to start or stop photovoltaic power generation based on the logic described above. The EMS is linked with multiple energy channels, including energy storage batteries (low-voltage batteries, high-voltage power batteries), external loads (low-voltage systems, high-voltage systems), and flexible photovoltaic modules. In different scenarios such as parking, driving, and user-initiated deployment, it dynamically adjusts the energy flow direction of the photovoltaic system to maximize energy utilization and achieve system self-adaptation, forming a complete energy flow management network.

[0082] The EMS intelligently analyzes and dynamically determines the operating mode, charging and discharging priority, and energy distribution path of the flexible photovoltaic modules. Compared to traditional systems that only support a single charging or output mode, the EMS in this embodiment flexibly adjusts the unfolding / retracting state and energy flow of the flexible photovoltaic modules, automatically switching energy management strategies. This greatly improves the energy efficiency and intelligence level of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system under various complex operating conditions, fully leveraging the high efficiency, flexibility, and environmental adaptability of the flexible photovoltaic modules, and ensuring that the system always achieves efficient, safe, and intelligent energy management.

[0083] In addition, the control unit can also support data interaction with the vehicle's main control system, expand remote monitoring and diagnostic functions, and facilitate maintenance and upgrades.

[0084] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 5 The diagram illustrates the process of the control unit controlling the flexible photovoltaic module's operating mode. The process includes: the control unit collecting real-time data on factors influencing photovoltaic power generation; transmitting information related to starting or stopping photovoltaic power generation to remote monitoring components (e.g., user mobile phones); adjusting the EMS according to the indicated strategy; the control unit detecting the temperature readings of the flexible photovoltaic module; activating temperature protection measures when the temperature readings exceed a preset temperature threshold until the temperature readings fall below the preset threshold; determining the operating mode of the flexible photovoltaic module based on the state of charge (SOC) of the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage power battery. In this example, only the energy storage battery, including the low-voltage battery, is used. When the SOC of the low-voltage battery is less than threshold A, the flexible photovoltaic module is deployed for priority charging; when the SOC of the low-voltage battery is greater than threshold B, the flexible photovoltaic module is deployed to directly power the low-voltage system; when threshold C1 ≤ SOC of the low-voltage battery ≤ threshold C2, the flexible photovoltaic module is deployed, simultaneously charging the energy storage battery and powering the low-voltage system; if none of the above conditions are met, the flexible photovoltaic module is not deployed and remains in standby mode; threshold A < threshold C1 < threshold C2 < threshold B.

[0085] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 6 The diagram shown illustrates the overall control process of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system. The overall control process includes: After the system is initialized and powered on, the controller first performs a self-test on all hardware components, including flexible photovoltaic modules, rollers, motors, each group of flexible photovoltaic modules, bypass switches, sensors, etc., and monitors the state of charge (i.e., remaining capacity) of the energy storage battery and the current light intensity in real time to provide basic data for subsequent decisions. The controller makes deployment or retraction decisions based on the detected battery state of charge and current light intensity, combined with EMS (Energy Management System) strategies, to automatically determine whether the flexible photovoltaic module needs to be deployed. Users can also manually issue deployment / retraction commands. If deployment is required, the motor drives the drum and traction system to smoothly deploy the photovoltaic module along the track. If retraction is required, the reverse operation is used to rewind the module. Multi-channel independent control and MPPT optimization: The flexible photovoltaic module is divided into multiple flexible solar cell strings. Each flexible solar cell string is monitored and controlled in real time by an independent channel of the controller. The controller performs MPPT on each channel to ensure that each flexible solar cell string can output maximum power under different light intensities and shading conditions, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency. Abnormal detection and bypass protection: The controller continuously monitors the working status of each flexible solar cell string. When it detects that a flexible solar cell string is not fully deployed, is blocked, or has an abnormality, it automatically turns on the corresponding bypass switch to bypass the flexible solar cell string, so as to avoid it becoming a load that causes heat generation or affects system efficiency. After the abnormality is resolved, the flexible solar cell string will automatically resume normal operation. EMS energy distribution and management: EMS intelligently distributes photovoltaic power generation energy based on parameters such as vehicle status, state of charge of energy storage batteries, and light intensity. It can prioritize charging low-voltage batteries and directly power the vehicle system, while also charging and outputting high-voltage power batteries. EMS dynamically adjusts its working mode to ensure maximum energy utilization and system safety. Automatic retraction and working mode switching: When the controller detects that the energy storage battery is fully charged, the energy storage battery's state of charge has reached a set threshold, or there is a change in light intensity or vehicle status, the controller automatically retracts the flexible photovoltaic module or switches to other working modes such as standby / output to ensure efficient and intelligent operation of the system.

[0086] Based on the same concept, this disclosure also provides a vehicle in which the above-described vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system is integrated in the vehicle roof area or rear window area.

[0087] Figure 7 This is a block diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0088] This disclosure provides an electronic device comprising: at least one processor 401; at least one memory 402; and one or more I / O interfaces 403 connected between the processor 401 and the memory 402; wherein the memory 402 stores one or more computer programs executable by the at least one processor 401, the one or more computer programs being executed by the at least one processor 401 to enable the at least one processor 401 to execute the software portion of the control unit.

[0089] The modules in the aforementioned electronic devices can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in the processor of a computer device in hardware form or independent of it, or stored in the memory of a computer device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to each module.

[0090] This disclosure also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when run in a processor, implements the software portion of the control unit described above.

[0091] The computer program may be stored on a readable storage medium of a computer device or in the cloud; the processor of the computer device reads the computer program from the readable storage medium or in the cloud.

[0092] The aforementioned computer program product can be implemented through hardware, software, or a combination thereof. In one optional embodiment, the computer program product is specifically manifested as a computer storage medium; in another optional embodiment, the computer program product is specifically manifested as a software product, such as a software development kit (SDK), etc.

[0093] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or some of the steps, systems, and apparatuses disclosed above, and their functional modules / units, can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or suitable combinations thereof. In hardware implementations, the division between functional modules / units mentioned above does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, a physical component may have multiple functions, or a function or step may be performed collaboratively by several physical components. Some or all physical components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, digital signal processor, or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Such software can be distributed on a computer-readable storage medium, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transient media).

[0094] As is known to those skilled in the art, the term computer storage medium includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storing information, such as computer-readable program instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), static random access memory (SRAM), flash memory or other memory technologies, portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical disc storage, magnetic cartridges, magnetic tape, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired information and is accessible to a computer. Furthermore, it is known to those skilled in the art that communication media typically contain computer-readable program instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in modulated data signals such as carrier waves or other transmission mechanisms, and may include any information delivery medium.

[0095] The computer-readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded from computer-readable storage media to various computing / processing devices, or downloaded via a network, such as the Internet, local area network, wide area network, and / or wireless network, to an external computer or external storage device. The network may include copper transmission cables, fiber optic transmission, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and / or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing / processing device receives the computer-readable program instructions from the network and forwards them to the computer-readable storage media in the respective computing / processing device.

[0096] Computer program instructions used to perform the operations of this disclosure may be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, status setting data, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Smalltalk, C++, etc., and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The computer-readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)—or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry, such as programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or programmable logic arrays (PLAs), is personalized by utilizing the status information of the computer-readable program instructions to implement various aspects of this disclosure.

[0097] The computer program product described herein can be implemented specifically through hardware, software, or a combination thereof. In one alternative embodiment, the computer program product is specifically embodied in a computer storage medium; in another alternative embodiment, the computer program product is specifically embodied in a software product, such as a software development kit (SDK), etc.

[0098] Various aspects of this disclosure are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this disclosure. It should be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer-readable program instructions.

[0099] These computer-readable program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine such that, when executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, they create means for implementing the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart and / or block diagram. These computer-readable program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that causes a computer, programmable data processing apparatus, and / or other device to operate in a particular manner; thus, the computer-readable medium storing the instructions comprises an article of manufacture that includes instructions for implementing aspects of the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0100] Computer-readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby causing the instructions executed on the computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to perform the functions / actions specified in one or more boxes of a flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0101] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of an instruction containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. In some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those shown in the drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, may be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0102] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this disclosure and is not intended to limit this disclosure. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system, characterized in that, The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system is integrated into the vehicle roof area and / or rear windshield area, and includes: a control unit, flexible photovoltaic modules, a motion track, a motion mechanism, and an energy storage battery; the flexible photovoltaic modules are electrically connected to the energy storage battery; The motion track is installed in the vehicle roof area and / or rear windshield area; The control unit is used to issue control commands to the motion mechanism; The motion mechanism is used to control the flexible photovoltaic module to unfold or retract along the motion track according to the control command. When the flexible photovoltaic module is unfolded, it covers the light-transmitting area of ​​the roof and / or the light-transmitting area of ​​the rear windshield.

2. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motion mechanism includes a motor and a retraction / extension assembly; The motion track includes a first guide rail and a second guide rail that are opposite each other; The take-up and take-down assembly is fixed to one end of the motion track and spans between the first guide rail and the second guide rail; The fixed end of the flexible photovoltaic module is fixed to the retracting module; The motor is connected to the retracting assembly. According to the control command of the control unit, the motor controls the retracting assembly to drive the flexible photovoltaic module to unfold or retract along the first guide rail and the second guide rail.

3. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The take-up and take-down assembly includes a rotating shaft spanning between the first guide rail and the second guide rail, and a drum fixed to the outer periphery of the rotating shaft; The roll is used to store the flexible photovoltaic module; The rotating shaft is connected to the motor, and the rotating shaft rotates under the control of the motor to pull the flexible photovoltaic module out of the drum and unfold it, or to retract the flexible photovoltaic module into the drum.

4. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The motion mechanism further includes a traction component, which is fixed to the other end of the motion track opposite to the retraction component and spans between the first guide rail and the second guide rail; the free end of the flexible photovoltaic module is connected to the traction component; When the control command is to deploy the flexible photovoltaic module, the control unit controls the traction component to tighten the flexible photovoltaic module; When the control command is to retract the flexible photovoltaic module, the control unit controls the traction component to release the flexible photovoltaic module.

5. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible photovoltaic module includes a plurality of flexible solar cells, which may include flexible perovskite solar cells or flexible monocrystalline silicon solar cells.

6. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible photovoltaic module includes N parallel flexible solar cell strings, and each flexible solar cell string includes M series flexible solar cell cells, where N and M are integers greater than or equal to 2. Each of the flexible solar cell strings is perpendicular to the first guide rail and the second guide rail; Each of the flexible solar cell strings is connected to the control unit; The control unit is used to bypass or connect to any of the flexible solar cell strings.

7. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control unit includes a controller and S bypass switches; each bypass switch corresponds to at least one of the flexible solar cell strings; S is an integer greater than 1. The controller is used to control the on / off state of any of the bypass switches to connect or bypass the corresponding flexible solar cells of the bypass switch.

8. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit is used to acquire factors affecting photovoltaic power generation; when it is determined that photovoltaic power generation needs to be started based on the factors affecting photovoltaic power generation, it generates a control command to instruct the flexible photovoltaic module to be deployed; or, when it is determined that photovoltaic power generation needs to be shut down based on the factors affecting photovoltaic power generation, it generates a control command to instruct the flexible photovoltaic module to be contracted.

9. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit is also used to: control the operating mode of the flexible photovoltaic module, the operating mode being used to indicate the direction of power flow of the flexible photovoltaic module.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle roof area or rear window area integrates the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system according to any one of claims 1-9.

Images