Laminated battery and preparation method thereof
By modifying the surface of the transparent conductive layer with hydroxyl groups and combining gradient annealing and ultrasonic spraying techniques, the stability and uniformity issues of the SAMs layer in tandem solar cells were solved, improving the device stability and large-area fabrication effect of tandem solar cells and enhancing photoelectric conversion performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511704343.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-27
AI Technical Summary
Stacked solar cells have shortcomings in terms of device stability, uniformity, and large-area fabrication, especially the insufficient stability, uneven distribution, and limited adhesion strength of the SAMs layer.
Hydroxyl groups are modified on the surface of the transparent conductive layer to enhance the bonding strength between the SAMs layer and the transparent conductive layer through chemical adsorption, and the uniformity and density of the SAMs layer are ensured by gradient annealing and ultrasonic spraying technology.
It significantly improves the stability and uniformity of SAMs layers, enhances the device stability and large-area fabrication effect of tandem solar cells, and improves photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term operational reliability.
Smart Images
Figure CN121586367A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and more specifically, to a tandem solar cell and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] In existing technologies, the basic structure of tandem solar cells typically includes a high-performance base cell, such as a heterojunction (HJT), all-back contact (IBC), or tunneling oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) solar cell, on which a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer, a self-assembled monolayer (SAMs) layer, a perovskite layer, and an electron transport layer (ETL) are sequentially stacked. The SAMs layer, acting as a hole transport layer, optimizes interface characteristics, reduces non-radiative recombination, and improves charge extraction efficiency.
[0003] However, in the current fabrication process of tandem solar cells, using SAMs as HTLs has the following drawbacks:
[0004] 1. Under long-term operation or high-temperature conditions, SAMs molecules may desorb from the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) surface, leading to a decrease in the stability of the SAMs layer. This adversely affects the performance and lifespan of the battery in real-world environments.
[0005] 2. In traditional deposition processes, especially when using alcohol solvents, SAMs molecules tend to form micelles or aggregates. This not only results in uneven distribution of the SAMs layer on the TCO substrate but also leads to localized clustering or incomplete coverage, a problem particularly pronounced when large-area deposition is required. The inhomogeneity and local defects of the SAMs layer severely affect charge transport and reduce overall photoelectric conversion efficiency.
[0006] 3. The adhesion strength between SAMs and TCO directly affects the uniformity and stability of the SAMs layer. Existing SAMs deposition technologies often fail to fully utilize the chemical properties of the TCO surface, resulting in weak adhesion of the SAMs layer, especially in large areas where it is difficult to achieve ideal adhesion.
[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new tandem solar cell and its fabrication method to overcome the shortcomings of current perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cells in terms of device stability, uniformity, and large-area fabrication due to the influence of SAMs layers. Summary of the Invention
[0008] This application provides a tandem solar cell and a method for its fabrication, which at least solves the problems of defects in device stability, uniformity and large-area fabrication of tandem solar cells in related technologies.
[0009] According to one aspect of this application, a stacked battery is provided, comprising a base battery, a first transparent conductive layer, a self-assembled molecular layer, a perovskite layer, and an electron transport layer sequentially stacked along a first direction, wherein a first surface of the first transparent conductive layer is modified with hydroxyl groups, and the first surface is the side surface of the first transparent conductive layer adjacent to the self-assembled molecular layer.
[0010] Optionally, the first transparent conductive layer is selected from any one of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, and aluminum-doped zinc oxide.
[0011] Optionally, the stacked battery further includes a buffer layer and a second transparent conductive layer sequentially stacked along the first direction on one side of the electron transport layer.
[0012] According to another aspect of this application, a method for preparing a stacked battery is provided, the method comprising the following steps:
[0013] A bottom battery is provided, wherein a first transparent conductive layer is formed on one side of the bottom battery, and hydroxyl groups are modified on a first surface of the first transparent conductive layer;
[0014] A self-assembled molecular layer, a perovskite layer, and an electron transport layer are sequentially formed on the first surface.
[0015] Optionally, the step of modifying the hydroxyl groups on the first surface includes:
[0016] An H2O2 film layer is coated on the first surface of the first transparent conductive layer;
[0017] The H2O2 film layer was decomposed to obtain the hydroxyl groups that modified the first surface.
[0018] Optionally, the step of coating the H2O2 film layer includes:
[0019] The bottom battery with the first transparent conductive layer formed thereon is placed in an H2O2 solution or a gas atmosphere containing H2O2 vapor, so that the H2O2 film layer covers the surface of the first transparent conductive layer.
[0020] Optionally, the step of decomposing the H2O2 film layer includes:
[0021] The H2O2 film is subjected to sequential ultraviolet ozone radiation treatment to generate hydroxyl radicals, which react with the first surface of the first transparent conductive layer to form the hydroxyl groups.
[0022] The first surface on which the hydroxyl groups are formed is annealed to modify the first surface with the hydroxyl groups.
[0023] Optionally, in the annealing process, the first surface is subjected to gradient annealing.
[0024] Optionally, the gradient annealing temperature increases at a constant rate.
[0025] Optionally, the step of forming the self-assembled molecular layer includes:
[0026] The self-assembled molecular solution is ultrasonically treated, and the treated self-assembled molecular solution is sprayed onto the first surface modified with the hydroxyl groups to form the self-assembled molecular layer.
[0027] This application modifies the surface of the first transparent conductive layer with hydroxyl groups, significantly improving the uniformity, density, and stability of the self-assembled molecular (SAMs) layer on the surface of the first transparent conductive layer. This effectively avoids the desorption of SAMs molecules from the electrode surface, and the stability is significantly enhanced, especially during long-term operation or under high-temperature conditions. Specifically, the hydroxyl groups can form stronger chemisorption with specific functional groups in the SAMs molecules (such as carboxylic acid groups -COOH or other groups that can form strong hydrogen bonds or covalent bonds with hydroxyl groups). This chemisorption enhances the chemical anchoring effect between the SAMs layer and the self-assembled molecular layer, increasing the binding strength between the SAMs layer and the surface of the first transparent conductive layer, thereby improving the stability and density of the SAMs layer. Furthermore, when the surface of the first transparent conductive layer is hydroxylated, its surface energy increases, promoting the diffusion of SAMs molecules on the surface. The molecules find suitable adsorption sites more easily, reducing aggregation caused by local supersaturation, thus making them more uniformly distributed on the surface and helping to form a continuous, uniform, large-area SAMs layer. Therefore, this application addresses the defects in device stability, uniformity, and large-area fabrication of tandem solar cells in related technologies by modifying the surface of the first transparent conductive layer near the SAMs layer with hydroxyl groups, and significantly improves the performance of the SAMs layer in tandem solar cells, including improving its uniformity, density, and stability. Attached Figure Description
[0028] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:
[0029] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a stacked battery according to an embodiment of this application;
[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for preparing a stacked battery according to an embodiment of this application.
[0031] The above figures include the following reference numerals:
[0032] 10. Bottom cell; 20. First transparent conductive layer; 30. Self-assembled molecular layer; 40. Perovskite layer; 50. Electron transport layer; 60. Buffer layer; 70. Second transparent conductive layer; 80. Second electrode. Detailed Implementation
[0033] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0034] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.
[0035] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of this application described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.
[0036] As described in the background section, the use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as hole transport layers (HTLs) in the fabrication of tandem solar cells faces multiple challenges, primarily including: desorption of SAMs layers under long-term operation or high-temperature conditions, leading to insufficient stability; in alcohol solvents, SAMs molecules tend to form non-uniform micelles or aggregates, especially during large-area fabrication, causing clustering and coverage defects in the SAMs layer, affecting charge transport efficiency and photoelectric conversion performance; furthermore, the limited adhesion strength of SAMs to transparent conductive oxide (TCO) surfaces further restricts their uniform and stable deposition over large areas. These problems collectively constitute the key bottlenecks restricting the performance and commercialization of perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cells. To address the deficiencies in device stability, uniformity, and large-area fabrication of tandem solar cells in related technologies, this application provides a tandem solar cell and its fabrication method.
[0037] According to embodiments of this application, a stacked battery is provided, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the battery includes a bottom cell 10, a first transparent conductive layer 20, a self-assembled molecular layer 30, a perovskite layer 40, and an electron transport layer 50, which are sequentially stacked along a first direction. The first surface of the first transparent conductive layer 20 is modified with hydroxyl groups, and the first surface is the side of the first transparent conductive layer 20 that is close to the self-assembled molecular layer 30.
[0038] In this embodiment, hydroxyl groups are modified on the surface of the first transparent conductive layer 20, which significantly improves the uniformity, density, and stability of the self-assembled molecular layer 30 (SAMs layer) on the surface of the first transparent conductive layer 20. This effectively avoids the desorption of SAMs molecules from the electrode surface, and the stability is significantly enhanced, especially during long-term operation or under high-temperature conditions. Specifically, hydroxyl groups can form stronger chemisorption with specific functional groups in SAMs molecules (such as carboxylic acid groups -COOH or other groups that can form strong hydrogen bonds or covalent bonds with hydroxyl groups). This chemisorption enhances the chemical anchoring effect between the SAMs layer and the self-assembled molecular layer 30, increasing the binding strength between the SAMs layer and the surface of the first transparent conductive layer 20, thereby improving the stability and density of the SAMs layer. Furthermore, when the surface of the first transparent conductive layer 20 is hydroxylated, its surface energy increases, promoting the diffusion of SAMs molecules on the surface. The molecules find suitable adsorption sites more easily, reducing aggregation caused by local supersaturation, thus making them more uniformly distributed on the surface and helping to form a continuous, uniform, large-area SAMs layer. Therefore, by modifying the surface of the first transparent conductive layer 20 near the SAMs layer with hydroxyl groups, this application solves the problems of defects in device stability, uniformity and large-area fabrication of tandem solar cells in related technologies, and significantly improves the performance of the SAMs layer in tandem solar cells, including improving its uniformity, density and stability.
[0039] In the embodiments of this application, the bottom cell 10 can be any one of a heterojunction cell (HJT), an ABC (All Back Contact) cell, and a TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) cell.
[0040] In this embodiment, the first transparent conductive layer 20 can be made of a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), which is a type of oxide material with good optical transparency and high electrical conductivity. The TCO layer can be selected from any one of indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO). These materials possess excellent conductivity and transparency, providing a good charge transport channel between the bottom cell 10 and subsequent layers while ensuring light transmittance.
[0041] In this embodiment, the material of the electron transport layer 50 can be selected from titanium dioxide (TiO2), fullerene derivatives (PCBM), and fullerene (C). 60 ).
[0042] In this embodiment, the perovskite layer 40 can be made of an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite, which has advantages such as high absorption coefficient, long carrier lifetime and diffusion length, and tunable band gap. The aforementioned material has an ABX3 crystal structure, wherein the A-site can be composed of an organic cation such as methylamine (MA). ＋ CH3NH3 + ), formamidin (FA) + CH(NH2)2 + The B site occupies the position, and the B site can be lead (Pb). 2+ Inorganic cations such as iodine (I) can be generated at the X-position by a halide anion such as iodine (I). － ), bromine (Br － ) or chlorine (Cl － ) occupies. For example, ABX3 is CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) or CH(NH2)2PbI3 (FAPbI3).
[0043] In some alternative implementations, such as Figure 1 As shown, the stacked battery also includes a buffer layer 60 and a second transparent conductive layer 70 sequentially stacked along the first direction on one side of the electron transport layer 50.
[0044] Specifically, the buffer layer 60, such as a SnO2 layer, can effectively adjust energy levels, promote smooth charge transport, and reduce charge recombination caused by energy level mismatch at the interface, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the battery. The introduction of the second transparent conductive layer 70 is to enhance the conductivity of the electrodes while maintaining the transparency of the battery, ensuring that the perovskite layer 40 can fully absorb light. In this embodiment, by adding the buffer layer 60 and the second transparent conductive layer 70, not only is the charge transport path optimized and the charge collection efficiency improved, but the stability of the entire stacked structure is also enhanced.
[0045] Specifically, the material of the second transparent conductive layer 70 can also be a transparent conductive oxide (TCO). The TCO material can be independently selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO) or a combination thereof. This application embodiment does not make specific limitations.
[0046] In the embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, the stacked battery may further include a first electrode and a second electrode 80. The first electrode is located on the side of the bottom battery 10 opposite to the first transparent conductive layer 20, and the second electrode 80 is located on the side of the second transparent conductive layer 70 opposite to the buffer layer 60. The first electrode and the second electrode 80 may be metal electrodes, such as Au, Ag, Cu, and Al.
[0047] According to an embodiment of this application, a method for preparing a stacked battery is provided, which is used to prepare the stacked battery. Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a dynamic dimming method according to an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the above preparation method includes the following steps:
[0048] S1, a bottom cell is provided, a first transparent conductive layer is formed on one side of the bottom cell, and hydroxyl groups are modified on the first surface of the first transparent conductive layer;
[0049] S2, on the first surface, sequentially forms a self-assembled molecular layer, a perovskite layer and an electron transport layer.
[0050] In this embodiment, the self-assembled molecular layer is formed by modifying the first surface of the first transparent conductive layer with hydroxyl groups. This significantly improves the uniformity, density, and stability of the self-assembled molecular (SAMs) layer on the surface of the first transparent conductive layer, effectively preventing the desorption of SAMs molecules from the electrode surface. In particular, the stability under long-term operation or high-temperature environments is significantly enhanced. Specifically, hydroxyl groups can form stronger chemisorption with specific functional groups in SAMs molecules (such as carboxylic acid groups -COOH or other groups that can form strong hydrogen bonds or covalent bonds with hydroxyl groups). This chemisorption enhances the chemical anchoring effect between the SAMs layer and the self-assembled molecular layer, increasing the binding strength between the SAMs layer and the surface of the first transparent conductive layer, thereby improving the stability and density of the SAMs layer. Furthermore, when the surface of the first transparent conductive layer is hydroxylated, its surface energy increases, promoting the diffusion of SAMs molecules on the surface. The molecules find suitable adsorption sites more easily, reducing aggregation caused by local supersaturation, thus allowing them to be more uniformly distributed on the surface, contributing to the formation of a continuous, uniform, large-area SAMs layer. Therefore, this application addresses the defects in device stability, uniformity, and large-area fabrication of tandem solar cells in related technologies by modifying the surface of the first transparent conductive layer near the SAMs layer with hydroxyl groups, and significantly improves the performance of the SAMs layer in tandem solar cells, including improving its uniformity, density, and stability.
[0051] In some alternative embodiments, the step of modifying the first surface with hydroxyl groups includes: covering the first surface of the first transparent conductive layer with an H2O2 film; and decomposing the H2O2 film to obtain the hydroxyl groups modified on the first surface.
[0052] In the above optional embodiments, the first surface of the first transparent conductive layer is covered with an H2O2 film and decomposed to introduce additional hydroxyl groups (-OH). After the formation of the SAMs layer, the ability of the SAMs molecules to anchor to the first transparent conductive layer is significantly enhanced, the bonding force between the SAMs molecules and the surface of the first transparent conductive layer is strengthened, the risk of SAMs molecule desorption during long-term operation is reduced, and the uniformity and density of the SAMs layer on a large-area substrate are improved, which helps to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cells.
[0053] In some alternative embodiments, the step of covering the H2O2 film layer includes: placing the bottom cell on which the first transparent conductive layer is formed in an H2O2 solution or a gas atmosphere containing H2O2 vapor, so that the H2O2 film layer covers the surface of the first transparent conductive layer.
[0054] Specifically, the first transparent conductive layer is immersed in an H2O2 solution, which can be pure H2O2 or a diluted H2O2 solution in water and / or other solvents (such as ethanol). The concentration, temperature, and immersion time of the solution can be controlled, as these parameters affect the thickness and degree of hydroxylation of the H2O2 film. Alternatively, an H2O2 solution or H2O2 vapor can be sprayed onto the surface of the first transparent conductive layer using a spraying device. Ultrasonic spray deposition can provide uniform droplet distribution and good film coverage. By placing the bottom cell with the first transparent conductive layer formed in an H2O2 solution or a gas atmosphere containing H2O2 vapor, a layer of H2O2 is initially coated onto the first surface of the first transparent conductive layer, thereby modifying the first surface of the first transparent conductive layer with hydroxyl groups (-OH) after decomposition.
[0055] In some alternative embodiments, the step of decomposing the H2O2 film layer includes: sequentially subjecting the H2O2 film layer to ultraviolet ozone radiation (UVO) treatment to generate hydroxyl radicals, the hydroxyl radicals reacting with a first surface of the first transparent conductive layer to form hydroxyl groups; and annealing the first surface with the hydroxyl groups to modify the hydroxyl groups on the first surface.
[0056] In the above optional embodiments, the H2O2 film layer is subjected to ultraviolet ozone radiation. The hydroxyl radicals generated in this process react with the first surface of the first transparent conductive layer to form hydroxyl groups. Subsequently, the first surface with hydroxyl groups is annealed to ensure that the hydroxyl groups are stably modified on the first surface, enhancing the bonding force between the SAMs layer and the first transparent conductive layer (such as the TCO layer) and reducing the desorption of SAMs molecules. The reaction of the hydroxyl radicals generated by ultraviolet ozone radiation with the surface of the first transparent conductive layer increases the anchoring points between the SAMs and the first transparent conductive layer, improving the uniformity and stability of the SAMs. The annealing treatment further consolidates this surface modification, enabling the SAMs layer to maintain good performance even under long-term operation or high-temperature environments. In the embodiments of this application, by increasing the bonding strength between SAMs and the first transparent conductive layer, the problems of uniformity, density, and stability of SAMs in large-area preparation are solved, enabling more efficient and uniform SAMs layer preparation in the large-area production of perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cells, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term stability of the entire tandem solar cell.
[0057] For example, in the process of sequential ultraviolet ozone radiation (UVO) treatment of H2O2 film layers, the specific parameters of ultraviolet irradiation treatment are: irradiation time of 5-10 min and irradiation intensity of 10-50 mW / cm. 2 The irradiation wavelength is 250-300nm.
[0058] In the above optional embodiments, the first surface of the first transparent conductive layer can be subjected to gradient annealing. Gradient annealing of the first surface of the first transparent conductive layer significantly improves the uniformity and stability of the SAMs layer. Gradient annealing creates a gradual temperature distribution from the center to the edge of the first surface, which promotes a more uniform distribution and firm anchoring of SAMs molecules on the hydroxyl-containing surface of the first transparent conductive layer during annealing. This process reduces SAMs molecule clustering, prevents SAMs from desorbing from the electrode surface under high temperature or long-term operating conditions, and enhances the chemical bonding between the SAMs layer and the first transparent conductive layer, thereby improving the uniformity, density, and stability of the SAMs layer. This also allows the perovskite layer to form better interfacial contact with the SAMs layer, improving the extraction efficiency of photogenerated carriers, and thus enhancing the photoelectric conversion performance and long-term operational reliability of the entire tandem solar cell.
[0059] For example, the temperature gradient during gradient annealing is controlled by gradually increasing the temperature from room temperature to 120-200°C, and finally maintaining the temperature within the target temperature range for at least 30 minutes.
[0060] In some optional embodiments, the gradient annealing temperature increases at a constant rate. Increasing the gradient annealing temperature at a constant rate ensures the uniform and stable formation of the self-assembled molecular layer on the surface of the first transparent conductive layer. By controlling the linear increase in temperature, the adsorption and assembly process of molecules on the surface can be precisely controlled, preventing uneven distribution or aggregation of SAMs molecules caused by sudden temperature changes, thereby achieving a consistent, dense, and defect-free SAMs layer coverage over a large area. This uniform and stable SAMs layer significantly enhances the interfacial contact between the bottom cell and the perovskite layer, improves charge transport efficiency, reduces interfacial defects, and enhances the photoelectric conversion performance and stability of the entire tandem solar cell.
[0061] In some alternative embodiments, the step of forming a self-assembled molecular layer includes: sonicating a self-assembled molecular solution and spraying the treated self-assembled molecular solution onto a first surface modified with hydroxyl groups to form a self-assembled molecular layer.
[0062] In the above-mentioned optional embodiments, ultrasonic treatment of the self-assembled molecular solution followed by spraying it onto a first surface containing hydroxyl groups can significantly improve the uniformity and stability of SAMs molecules on the substrate surface. Ultrasonic treatment helps break the aggregation of SAMs molecules in the solution, promoting their uniform dispersion and thus preventing the formation of micelles or aggregates during deposition, avoiding localized excessive thickness or incomplete coverage. Subsequently, the ultrasonically treated SAMs solution is precisely sprayed onto the first surface of a first transparent conductive layer (such as a TCO layer) that has been covered with an H2O2 film and combined with UVO and gradient annealing treatment. This series of treatments enriches the surface of the first transparent conductive layer with hydroxyl groups, enhancing the interaction between SAMs molecules and the surface of the first transparent conductive layer, and promoting a tighter and more uniform anchoring of SAMs molecules to the surface of the first transparent conductive layer.
[0063] For example, during the sonication of the self-assembled molecular solution, an ultrasonic frequency range of 20-100 kHz is used to ensure uniform deposition of SAMs molecules.
[0064] In this application embodiment, the process for depositing and forming a perovskite layer includes, but is not limited to, spin coating, blade coating, and vapor-assisted solution processing. For example, the perovskite layer preparation process includes: firstly, depositing a perovskite precursor solution on a self-assembled molecular layer, and then adjusting crystal growth through heat treatment, solvent engineering, or the addition of additives to form a uniform and dense perovskite film.
[0065] In this embodiment, an electron transport layer can be formed on the perovskite layer using processes such as sol-gel method, atomic layer deposition (ALD), or inkjet printing. For example, the sol-gel method is used by depositing a TiO2 precursor solution onto a TCO or perovskite layer, followed by high-temperature annealing to convert it into crystalline TiO2.
[0066] In this embodiment, the SnO2 buffer layer can be prepared using physical or chemical vapor deposition techniques such as sol-gel method, pulsed laser deposition (PLD), magnetron sputtering, or chemical vapor deposition (CVD). For example, the sol-gel method is used, depositing a precursor solution of SnCl4 (or other Sn source) followed by heating and annealing to promote SnO2 formation and optimize its electron transport properties.
[0067] The method described in this application embodiment further includes forming a second transparent conductive layer on the electron transport layer. The material of the second transparent conductive layer can be a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), such as ITO (indium tin oxide) and IZO (indium zinc oxide), and can be prepared by magnetron sputtering, vacuum evaporation or sol-gel method.
[0068] In this embodiment, the above method significantly improves the quality and stability of the SAMs layer, solving the desorption problem that may occur in SAMs under long-term operation or high-temperature conditions, as well as the defects of uniform distribution during large-area fabrication. Specifically, the combination of ultrasonic spraying and surface modification technology not only achieves uniform coverage of the SAMs layer over a large area, but also ensures its density, i.e., coverage without voids or defects, thereby improving the performance and stability of the perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cell. In addition, the presence of hydroxyl groups significantly enhances the chemical bonding between the SAMs layer and the first transparent conductive layer, thereby greatly improving the long-term durability and high-temperature stability of the SAMs layer, further optimizing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell, and enhancing the overall performance and reliability of the device.
[0069] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.
[0070] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.
Claims
1. A stacked battery, characterized by comprising: The stack cell includes a bottom cell, a first transparent conductive layer, a self-assembled molecule layer, a perovskite layer and an electron transport layer sequentially stacked along a first direction, wherein a first surface of the first transparent conductive layer is modified with hydroxyl groups, and the first surface is a side surface of the first transparent conductive layer close to the self-assembled molecule layer.
2. The stacked battery of claim 1, wherein, The first transparent conductive layer is selected from any one of an indium tin oxide layer, an indium zinc oxide layer and an aluminum-doped zinc oxide layer.
3. The stacked battery of claim 2, wherein, The stack cell further includes a buffer layer and a second transparent conductive layer sequentially stacked on a side of the electron transport layer along the first direction.
4. A method of manufacturing a stacked battery, characterized by, A method for preparing the stack cell of any one of claims 1 to 3, the method comprising the steps of: providing a bottom cell, forming a first transparent conductive layer on a side of the bottom cell, and modifying a first surface of the first transparent conductive layer with hydroxyl groups; sequentially forming a self-assembled molecule layer, a perovskite layer and an electron transport layer on the first surface.
5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of modifying the first surface with the hydroxyl groups comprises: covering the first surface of the first transparent conductive layer with an H2O2 film layer; decomposing the H2O2 film layer to obtain the hydroxyl groups modified on the first surface.
6. The production method according to claim 5, wherein The step of covering the H2O2 film layer comprises: placing the bottom cell with the first transparent conductive layer formed thereon in an H2O2 solution or a gas atmosphere containing H2O2 vapor, so that the H2O2 film layer is covered on the surface of the first transparent conductive layer.
7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of decomposing the H2O2 film layer comprises: sequentially performing ultraviolet ozone irradiation treatment on the H2O2 film layer to generate hydroxyl radicals, the hydroxyl radicals reacting with the first surface of the first transparent conductive layer to form the hydroxyl groups; performing annealing treatment on the first surface with the hydroxyl groups formed thereon to modify the hydroxyl groups on the first surface.
8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the step of the annealing treatment, gradient annealing is performed on the first surface.
9. The production method according to claim 8, characterized by, The temperature of the gradient annealing is increased at a constant rate.
10. The method of claim 4, wherein, The step of forming the self-assembled molecule layer comprises: performing ultrasonic treatment on a self-assembled molecule solution, and spraying the self-assembled molecule solution after the treatment on the first surface modified with the hydroxyl groups to form the self-assembled molecule layer.