Passive mechanical phase-change switch based on low-voltage meter box

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of phase-change switches, and particularly discloses a passive mechanical phase-change switch based on a low-voltage meter box, which comprises a machine body, three input terminals, three output terminals and three phase-change columns, the outer walls of the commutation columns are fixedly connected with conducting pieces, the number of the output terminals and the number of the commutation columns are at least three, and the conducting pieces conduct the three input terminals and the three output terminals respectively; and three commutation contacts are arranged below each conduction piece, and the three commutation contacts below each conduction piece are respectively conducted with the three input terminals. At least three groups of commutation columns and output terminals are arranged, so that when any group of normally working units is damaged due to long-term use or accidents, an operator can switch a load to a standby loop through a knob to continue to supply power; therefore, on-line maintenance of the equipment without power failure is realized, the continuity of power supply is greatly improved, power failure of a user caused by equipment maintenance is avoided, and the method is particularly suitable for low-voltage power distribution scenes with relatively high requirements on power supply reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of phase-commutation switch technology, and in particular to a passive mechanical phase-commutation switch based on a low-voltage meter box. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, significant progress has been made in the research of low-voltage meter box phase-change switches. Automatic phase-change switches have been widely used, as they can automatically perform phase-change operations based on real-time monitoring data of three-phase current, achieving three-phase load balance. However, automatic phase-change switches also have some obvious drawbacks. As active devices, they consume electrical energy to maintain their operation, which undoubtedly increases line losses. Furthermore, automatic phase-change switches have complex structures, containing numerous electronic components and control modules, making them susceptible to environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and electromagnetic interference, leading to phase-change failures or malfunctions and affecting power supply reliability. To address the shortcomings of automatic phase-change switches, passive mechanical phase-change switches have gradually become a research hotspot. Passive mechanical phase-change switches do not require external power supply, relying entirely on mechanical structures to achieve phase-change operations, thus eliminating energy loss and impacting line losses. Their relatively simple mechanical structure and high reliability allow them to adapt to various harsh working environments, reducing problems such as phase-change failures due to equipment malfunctions. For example, the existing technology publication CN105305470A discloses a low-voltage load balancing regulating device and an automatic phase-switching switch for a distribution network, which specifically discloses a solution for the automatic phase-switching switch.

[0003] Besides automatic phase-change switches, there are also passive mechanical phase-change switches on the market that focus on low-voltage meter boxes, emphasizing the passive characteristics of the switch, the reliability of the mechanical structure, and its applicability in existing meter boxes; while other technologies may focus more on the intelligent control of automatic phase-change switches, or develop dedicated phase-change equipment for specific application scenarios.

[0004] In conclusion, passive mechanical commutation switches also have a large market share and significant value. The key to the value of such switches lies not in their commutation efficiency, but in their lifespan, reliability, and applicability. There is still room for improvement in the lifespan and reliability of existing mechanical commutation switches. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this section is to outline some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and to briefly describe some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the abstract and title of this application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of these documents; however, such simplifications or omissions should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0006] This invention provides a passive mechanical phase-commutation switch based on a low-voltage meter box, which can solve the problems of low service life and low reliability of existing mechanical phase-commutation switches. The specific solution is as follows: This invention provides a passive mechanical phase-commutation switch based on a low-voltage meter box, comprising a body, input terminals for connecting to a three-phase power supply, output terminals, and phase-commutation columns. There are three input terminals. A conductive element is fixed to the outer wall of the phase-commutation column. There are at least three output terminals and phase-commutation columns. The conductive element connects the three input terminals and the three output terminals respectively. Three phase-commutation contacts are provided below each conductive element, and these contacts are respectively connected to the three input terminals. The conductive element is disconnected from the three phase-commutation contacts at one angle, and in contact with the three phase-commutation contacts at three other angles. It is connected to the output terminals at any angle. By setting at least three sets of phase-commutation columns and output terminals, when any normally functioning unit is damaged due to long-term use or accident, the operator can switch the load to the backup circuit to continue power supply using a knob. This enables uninterrupted online maintenance of the equipment, greatly improving the continuity of power supply and avoiding power outages for users due to equipment maintenance. It is particularly suitable for low-voltage power distribution scenarios with high requirements for power supply reliability.

[0007] Preferably, when the conductors on the three commutation columns connect the three input terminals and the three output terminals, the conductors on the other commutation columns disconnect from the three commutation contacts.

[0008] Preferably, a first elastic element is connected between the conductive element and the commutation column, and the first elastic element presses the conductive element downward. By continuously applying downward pressure to the conductive element through the first elastic element, it is ensured that the conductive element and the commutation contact and the constant contact point always maintain a tight and stable electrical contact. This design can compensate for the slight wear or deformation that may occur after long-term use of the components, effectively avoiding faults such as overheating, arcing or even open circuit caused by poor contact, thereby ensuring the conductivity and operational safety of the switch throughout its life cycle.

[0009] Preferably, the three commutation contacts below each conductor are electrically connected to the three input terminals through the first conductive channel, and one end of the output terminal is connected to the second conductive channel. The open end of the second conductive channel extends to the bottom of the conductor, and the end of the second conductive channel near the conductor is connected to a constant contact point, which is always in contact with the conductor.

[0010] Preferably, the three first conductive channels below each conductive element are staggered, with gaps between each layer of first conductive channels, and a shielding layer can be provided on the outside of each first conductive channel. By arranging the first conductive channels in a layered and staggered manner and reserving gaps between the channels, this structure not only makes compact use of the internal space of the shell, making the overall design more sophisticated, but also enhances air circulation, significantly improves heat dissipation efficiency, and prevents local overheating, protects the insulating materials, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the device under full load and effectively extending the service life of the internal components.

[0011] Preferably, a knob is installed on the top of the commutation column to adjust the rotation angle of the commutation column, so that the conductor at the bottom of the commutation column can contact and disconnect from the three commutation contacts.

[0012] Preferably, a bottom shell is fixed to the middle of the machine body, and an outer shell is installed on the top of the bottom shell. The outer shell is connected to the bottom shell by a snap-fit ​​structure. The top of the outer shell is provided with an opening that matches the commutation column. A sealing block is installed in the opening. The bottom shell, outer shell and sealing block can also be integrated as one piece.

[0013] Preferably, a rotating groove is provided in the middle of the closed block, and a groove is formed on the inner wall of the rotating groove. A drive column is connected to the outer wall of the commutation column. The drive column moves in the groove, and the groove has several sinking grooves. The spacing of the sinking grooves matches the spacing of the three commutation contacts. When the drive column moves to the lowest point of the sinking groove, the conductor can contact one of the three commutation contacts. By designing the groove inside the knob as a wave shape with sinking grooves, a clear gear feel and resistance are provided for the commutation operation. This structure can effectively prevent phase switching errors caused by accidental contact, improving operational safety. At the same time, when the drive column moves in the groove, the conductor can quickly cross or fall into place by being guided by the wave track, reducing its sliding friction time on the surface of the commutation contact, thereby reducing arc erosion and mechanical wear at the contact point.

[0014] Preferably, a limiting post is fixedly connected to the body, the bottom of the commutation column is sleeved on the limiting post, a second elastic element is fixedly connected to the top of the limiting post, an annular piece is fixedly connected to the top of the second elastic element, a column body is fixedly installed in the middle of the commutation column, and the bottom of the column body is rotatably connected to the annular piece. The second elastic element causes the commutation column to be pressed downward, so that the conductive element is in close contact with the three commutation contacts and the constant contact point.

[0015] Preferably, the lowest point of the sinking trough and the tangential surface of the bottom of the sinking trough are in line contact rather than surface contact, thereby reducing the friction time between the conductive element and the commutation contact and the constant contact point when the commutation column rotates. In order to further reduce wear, the first elastic element and the second elastic element in the above scheme can be removed. With this scheme, the contact performance between the conductive element and the commutation contact and the constant contact point is reduced.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects: 1. By setting at least three sets of commutation columns and output terminals, when any normally functioning unit is damaged due to long-term use or accident, the operator can switch the load to the backup circuit to continue power supply by turning a knob. This realizes uninterrupted online maintenance of the equipment, greatly improves the continuity of power supply, avoids power outages for users due to equipment maintenance, and is particularly suitable for low-voltage power distribution scenarios with high requirements for power supply reliability.

[0017] 2. The present invention continuously applies downward pressure to the conducting element through the first elastic element, ensuring that the conducting element and the commutation contact and the constant contact point always maintain a tight and stable electrical contact. This design can compensate for the slight wear or deformation that may occur after long-term use of the components, effectively avoiding faults such as overheating, arcing or even open circuit caused by poor contact, thereby ensuring the conductivity and operational safety of the switch throughout its life cycle.

[0018] 3. The present invention arranges the first conductive channel in a layered and staggered manner, and reserves gaps between the channels. This structure not only makes compact use of the internal space of the shell, making the overall design more ingenious, but also enhances air circulation and significantly improves heat dissipation efficiency. Good heat dissipation can prevent local overheating, protect the insulating materials, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the device under full load, and effectively extending the service life of the internal components.

[0019] 4. This invention designs the groove inside the knob as a wave shape with a sunken groove, providing a clear sense of position and resistance for the phase switching operation. This structure can effectively prevent phase switching errors caused by accidental contact, improving operational safety. At the same time, when the drive column moves in the groove, the wave track guides the conductor to quickly pass over or fall into place, reducing its sliding friction time on the surface of the phase switching contact, thereby reducing arc erosion and mechanical wear at the contact point.

[0020] 5. This invention further opens a locking groove at the bottom of the sinking trough of the wavy groove. When the drive column falls into the locking groove, the knob is physically locked and cannot be rotated. The operator must first lift the knob upward to release the mechanical lock before the rotation phase change operation can be performed. This "lift first, then rotate" dual operation logic reduces the probability of misoperation and provides a higher level of safety protection for the equipment. It is especially suitable for occasions with strict operation management requirements.

[0021] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein: Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the entire invention; Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the present invention with the outer casing and several commutation columns removed; Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the present invention with the outer casing removed; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first and second conductive channels of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a top view of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a diagram of the internal structure of the bottom shell of the present invention; Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the commutation column of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a half-sectional schematic diagram of the trench of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a first-direction perspective view of the conductive element, commutation contact, and constant contact point of the present invention. Figure 10 This is a second-direction perspective view of the conductive element, commutation contact, and normal contact point of the present invention. Figure 11 This is a third-dimensional view of the conductive element, commutation contact, and constant contact of the present invention.

[0023] The accompanying figure is labeled as follows: 1. Body; 2. Input terminal; 3. Output terminal; 4. Commutation post; 5. Conductor; 6. Commutation contact; 7. First elastic element; 8. First conductive channel; 9. Second conductive channel; 10. Normal contact point; 11. Knob; 12. Bottom shell; 13. Outer shell; 14. Opening; 15. Sealing block; 16. Lead wire terminal; 17. Outlet terminal; 18. Rotating groove; 19. Groove; 20. Disassembly post; 22. Drive post; 23. Sinking groove; 24. Limiting post; 25. Second elastic element; 26. Annular piece; 27. Column; 29. ​​Mounting groove. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form part of the present invention and, together with the embodiments of the present invention, serve to illustrate the principles of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1: As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a passive mechanical phase-commutation switch based on a low-voltage meter box, including a body 1, input terminals 2 for connecting a three-phase power supply, output terminals 3, and a phase-commutation post 4. The input terminals 2 have three components. A conductive element 5 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the phase-commutation post 4. The output terminals 3 and the phase-commutation post 4 have at least three components. The conductive element 5 connects the three input terminals 2 and the three output terminals 3 respectively. Three phase-commutation contacts 6 are provided below each conductive element 5, and each of the three phase-commutation contacts 6 below the conductive element 5 is connected to one of the three input terminals 2 respectively. The conductive element 5 is disconnected from the three phase-commutation contacts 6 at one angle, and in contact with the three phase-commutation contacts 6 at three other angles. It is connected to the output terminals 3 at any angle.

[0026] In the above scheme, when the conductors 5 on the three commutation columns 4 connect the three input terminals 2 and the three output terminals 3, the conductors 5 on the other (if any) commutation columns 4 are disconnected from the three commutation contacts 6. That is to say, the three commutation columns 4 have adapted to most operating conditions. The other commutation columns 4 and output terminals 3 are spares. When the other commutation columns 4 and / or output terminals 3 are damaged, the spare commutation columns 4 and output terminals 3 can be used temporarily to facilitate the repair of the damaged commutation columns 4 and / or output terminals 3.

[0027] like Figure 3 As shown in one possible embodiment, a first elastic member 7 is connected between the conductive member 5 and the commutation column 4. The first elastic member 7 presses the conductive member 5 downward, thereby making the conductive member 5 in close contact with the commutation contact 6.

[0028] like Figure 4 As shown, the three commutation contacts 6 below each conductive element 5 are electrically connected to the three input terminals 2 through the first conductive channel 8. One end of the output terminal 3 is connected to the second conductive channel 9. The open end of the second conductive channel 9 extends to the bottom of the conductive element 5. The end of the second conductive channel 9 near the conductive element 5 is connected to the constant contact point 10. The constant contact point 10 is always in contact with the conductive element 5.

[0029] It should be noted that, as one possible approach, the constant contact 10 may only come into contact with the conducting element 5 when it is in contact with the commutation contact 6, thereby improving safety and extending service life.

[0030] like Figure 4As shown, the three first conductive channels 8 below each conductive element 5 are staggered, with gaps between each layer of first conductive channels 8, and a shielding layer (not shown in the figure) can be set on the outside of each first conductive channel 8. Through the layered design of the first conductive channels 8, firstly, space can be fully utilized, and secondly, heat dissipation space can be provided, thereby improving heat dissipation performance, ensuring normal operation of the device, and extending its service life.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, a knob 11 is installed on the top of the commutation column 4 to adjust the rotation angle of the commutation column 4, allowing the conductor 5 at the bottom of the commutation column 4 to contact and disconnect from the three commutation contacts 6. A bottom shell 12 is fixedly connected to the middle of the body 1, and an outer shell 13 is installed on the top of the bottom shell 12. The outer shell 13 is connected to the bottom shell 12 by a snap-fit ​​structure. The top of the outer shell 13 is provided with an opening 14 that matches the commutation column 4. A sealing block 15 is installed in the opening 14. The bottom shell 12, outer shell 13 and sealing block 15 can also be integrated. The top of the sealing block 15 is engraved with indicator marks, specifically including four positions: OFF, A, B and C. The OFF position corresponds to the conductor 5 being disconnected from the commutation contacts 6. A, B and C correspond to the conductor 5 contacting the three commutation contacts 6, respectively, so that they can be electrically connected to the three input terminals 2.

[0032] like Figure 5 As shown, lead terminals 16 and output terminals 17 are also fixedly connected to the body 1. Lead terminals 16 are connected to the three cables of the three-phase power supply respectively, and output terminals 17 are connected to the electrical equipment through wires.

[0033] Example 2: The technical solution of this example differs from that of Example 1 in that, as follows... Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, a rotating groove 18 is provided in the middle of the closed block 15. A groove 19 is provided on the inner wall of the rotating groove 18. A disassembly column 20 is installed on the top of the commutation column 4 by bolts. The knob 11 is fixedly connected to the disassembly column 20. A drive column 22 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the disassembly column 20. The drive column 22 passes through both ends of the disassembly column 20. The drive column 22 moves in the groove 19. The width of the groove 19 matches the diameter of the drive column 22. Preferably, no shaking gap is generated when the drive column 22 moves in the groove 19. The groove 19 has a number of sinking grooves 23. The spacing of the sinking grooves 23 matches the spacing of the three commutation contacts 6. When the drive column 22 moves to the lowest point of the sinking groove 23, the conductor 5 can contact one of the three commutation contacts 6.

[0034] In the above scheme, by setting a groove 19 with the shape of a sinking groove 23, the entire groove 19 is wavy, so that the commutation column 4 cannot be easily rotated, avoiding accidental touch and misoperation. At the same time, by making the sinking groove 23 and the groove 19 smoothly transition, when the operator applies a certain torque to rotate the knob 11, it can drive the commutation column 4 to rotate. In the process of switching the position of the commutation column 4, the drive column 22 on the commutation column 4 moves up and down between the sinking groove 23 and the groove 19, thereby avoiding excessive scraping between the conductor 5 and the commutation contact 6 or the constant contact point 10, and reducing wear.

[0035] like Figure 8 As shown, the lowest point of the sinking trough 23 is in line contact with the tangential surface of the bottom of the sinking trough 23, rather than in surface contact. This reduces the friction time between the conductor 5 and the commutation contact 6 and the constant contact point 10 when the commutation column 4 is rotating.

[0036] Example 2: The technical solution that differs from Example 2 is that, in order to further reduce wear, the first elastic element 7 in the above solution can be removed. With this solution, the contact performance between the conductive element 5 and the commutation contact 6 and the constant contact point 10 is reduced, but the service life is guaranteed.

[0037] Example 4: The technical solution of this example differs from that of Example 3 in that, as follows... Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, a limiting post 24 is fixedly attached to the body 1. The bottom of the commutation post 4 is sleeved on the limiting post 24. A second elastic element 25 is fixedly attached to the top of the limiting post 24. An annular piece 26 is fixedly attached to the top of the second elastic element 25. A column 27 is fixedly installed in the middle of the commutation post 4. The column 27 is polygonal to ensure that it does not rotate relative to the disassembly post 20. The bottom of the column 27 is rotatably connected to the annular piece 26. The annular groove structure prevents the two from separating and allows them to rotate relative to each other. The top of the column 27 extends into the interior of the disassembly post 20. Then, the column 27 is fixed by a screw that extends from the top of the knob 11 into the interior of the disassembly post 20, thereby fixing the column 27, the disassembly post 20, the commutation post 4, and the annular piece 26 relative to each other.

[0038] In the above scheme, the second elastic element 25 causes the commutation column 4 to be pressed downward, so that the conductive element 5 is in close contact with the three commutation contacts 6 and the normal contact point 10.

[0039] As a more optimized solution, such as Figure 8As shown, a locking groove 28 is also provided at the bottom of the sinking trough 23. When the drive column 22 enters the sinking trough 23, it can fall further into the locking groove 28, thereby further limiting the drive column 22. Only when the user pulls the knob 11 upward a certain distance can the commutation column 4 be rotated, thus improving safety. By further opening a locking groove at the bottom of the sinking trough with a wavy groove, when the drive column falls into the locking groove, the knob is physically locked and cannot be rotated. The operator must first lift the knob upward to release the mechanical lock before the rotation commutation operation can be performed. This "lift first, then rotate" dual operation logic reduces the probability of misoperation and provides a higher level of safety protection for the equipment, which is especially suitable for occasions with strict operation management requirements.

[0040] like Figure 8 As shown, two sets of grooves 19 are symmetrically arranged in the rotating groove 18, so that the two ends of the drive column 22 can move synchronously. An installation groove 29 is also connected to one end of the groove 19, which makes it easy to install the drive column 22 into the groove 19. Furthermore, due to the design of the disassembly column 20, it is easy to assemble.

[0041] Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 The diagram further illustrates the positions of the conductive element 5, the commutation contact 6, and the normal contact 10.

[0042] In summary, this device is a three-phase passive mechanical phase-changing switch for low-voltage power distribution systems. Its core function is to manually switch the three-phase power supply phases (A, B, and C phases) connected to the load (electrical equipment) through a purely mechanical structure, without requiring an external control power supply. Its working principle includes the following steps: S1. Initial connection state: The three-phase power supply cables are connected to the three input terminals 2 on the body 1 respectively. Each input terminal 2 is connected to three commutation contacts 6 through an independent first conductive channel 8. The output terminal 3 is connected to a normal contact 10 through a second conductive channel 9. The conductive element 5 at the bottom of the commutation column 4 is in close electrical contact with the normal contact 10 below under the action of the elastic element, thus forming a fixed path from the output terminal 3 to the conductive element 5.

[0043] S2. Phase switching process: When it is necessary to switch phases, the operator rotates the knob 11. The rotation of the knob 11 transmits torque through the movement of the drive column 22 in the wave-shaped groove 19 of the closed block 15, which drives the disassembly column 20 and the phase switching column 4 below to rotate synchronously. The rotation of the phase switching column 4 causes the conductor 5 at its bottom to rotate accordingly. The lower surface of the conductor 5 is designed to contact the phase switching contact 6 below only at a specific angle.

[0044] S3. Phase Path Establishment: The groove 19 has three recessed slots 23 corresponding to the phase. When the knob 11 is rotated to a certain position (such as position A), the drive column 22 slides into the bottom of the corresponding recessed slot 23 under the guidance of the groove 19. At this time, the commutation column 4 and the conductor 5 also rotate to a precise angle. At this angle, the lower surface of the conductor 5 will make physical contact with the commutation contact 6 connected to the input terminal 2 of phase A. Thus, the current path is formed: input terminal 2 of phase A → first conductive channel 8 → commutation contact 6 → conductor 5 → constant contact point 10 → second conductive channel 9 → output terminal 3 → load. Similarly, when rotated to the "B" or "C" position, the conductor 5 will contact the commutation contact 6 of phase B or phase C respectively, thereby leading the power supply of the corresponding phase to the output.

[0045] S4. Disconnection and Contact Protection: When the knob 11 is turned to the "OFF" position, the drive column 22 is in the non-submerged position of the groove 19. At this time, the conductor 5 is at an angle that does not contact any of the commutation contacts 6, thereby cutting off the input power and disconnecting the load.

[0046] The above scheme, by setting at least three sets of commutation columns 4 and output terminals 3, allows operators to switch the load to the backup circuit to continue power supply when any normally operating unit is damaged due to long-term use or accident. This enables uninterrupted online maintenance of the equipment, greatly improving the continuity of power supply and avoiding power outages caused by equipment maintenance. It is particularly suitable for low-voltage power distribution scenarios with high requirements for power supply reliability. The first elastic element 7 continuously applies downward pressure to the conductive element 5, ensuring that the conductive element 5 maintains a tight and stable electrical contact with the commutation contact 6 and the normal contact point 10. This design can compensate for slight wear or deformation that may occur after long-term use of components, effectively avoiding faults such as overheating, arcing, or even circuit breakage caused by poor contact, thereby ensuring the conductivity and operational safety of the switch throughout its life cycle. By arranging the first conductive channel 8 in a layered and staggered manner and reserving gaps between the channels, this structure not only makes compact use of the internal space of the housing 13, making the overall design more sophisticated, but also enhances air circulation, significantly improves heat dissipation efficiency, and provides good heat dissipation. Heat dissipation prevents localized overheating, protects insulating materials, and ensures stable operation of the device under full load, effectively extending the service life of internal components. By designing the groove 19 inside the knob 11 as a wave shape with a recessed groove 23, a clear gear feel and resistance are provided for commutation operation. This structure effectively prevents phase mis-switching caused by accidental contact, improving operational safety. At the same time, when the drive column 22 moves in the groove 19, guided by the wave track, the conductor 5 can quickly cross or fall into place, reducing its impact on commutation contact. The sliding friction time on the surface of point 6 is reduced, thereby reducing the arc erosion and mechanical wear at the contact point. By further opening a locking groove 28 at the bottom of the sinking groove 23 of the wavy groove 19, when the drive column 22 falls into the locking groove 28, the knob 11 is physically locked and cannot be rotated. The operator must first lift the knob 11 upward to release the mechanical lock before the rotation phase change operation can be performed. This dual operation logic of "lifting first and then rotating" reduces the probability of misoperation and provides a higher level of safety protection for the equipment, which is especially suitable for occasions with strict operation management requirements.

[0047] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0048] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0049] Parallelism: The parallelism defined in this application is not limited to absolute parallelism. This definition of parallelism can be understood as basic parallelism. It allows for situations where the parallelism is not absolute due to factors such as assembly tolerance, design tolerance, and structural flatness. It also allows for errors within a small angular range, such as within 10 degrees of assembly error. These can all be considered as parallel relationships.

[0050] Perpendicularity: The perpendicularity defined in this application is not limited to an absolute perpendicular intersection (with an included angle of 90 degrees). It is permissible for non-absolute perpendicular intersections caused by factors such as assembly tolerances, design tolerances, and structural flatness. It is permissible for errors within a small angular range, such as an assembly error range of 80 to 100 degrees, which can all be understood as a perpendicular relationship.

[0051] The term "multiple" in this article refers to two or more. The term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.

[0052] The devices or elements referred to in the embodiments of this application or implied herein must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise precisely specified.

[0053] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A passive mechanical phase-commutation switch based on a low-voltage meter box, comprising a body, input terminals for connecting to a three-phase power supply, output terminals, and a commutation post, wherein the input terminals have three components; characterized in that: A conductive element is fixed to the outer wall of the commutation column. There are at least three output terminals and commutation columns. The conductive element connects the three input terminals and the three output terminals respectively. Three commutation contacts are provided below each conductive element. The three commutation contacts below each conductive element are connected to the three input terminals respectively. The conductive element is disconnected from the three commutation contacts at one angle, and in contact with the three commutation contacts at three other angles. It is connected to the output terminals at any angle.

2. The passive mechanical phase-commutation switch based on a low-voltage meter box as described in claim 1, characterized in that: When the conductors on the three commutation columns connect the three input terminals and the three output terminals, the conductors on the other commutation columns disconnect from the three commutation contacts.

3. The passive mechanical phase-commutation switch based on a low-voltage meter box as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A first elastic element is connected between the conductor and the commutation column, and the first elastic element presses the conductor downward.

4. The passive mechanical phase-commutation switch based on a low-voltage meter box as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The three commutation contacts below each conductor are electrically connected to the three input terminals through the first conductive channel. One end of the output terminal is connected to the second conductive channel. The open end of the second conductive channel extends to the bottom of the conductor. The end of the second conductive channel near the conductor is connected to a constant contact point, which is always in contact with the conductor.

5. A passive mechanical phase-commutation switch based on a low-voltage meter box as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The three first conductive channels under each conductive element are staggered, with gaps between each layer of first conductive channels.

6. A passive mechanical phase-commutation switch based on a low-voltage meter box as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A knob is installed on the top of the commutation column to adjust the rotation angle of the commutation column, so that the conductor at the bottom of the commutation column can contact and disconnect from the three commutation contacts.

7. A passive mechanical phase-commutation switch based on a low-voltage meter box as described in claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: The bottom shell is fixed to the middle of the machine body, and the outer shell is installed on the top of the bottom shell. The outer shell is connected to the bottom shell by a snap-fit ​​structure. The top of the outer shell is provided with an opening that matches the commutation column, and a sealing block is installed in the opening.

8. A passive mechanical phase-commutation switch based on a low-voltage meter box as described in claim 7, characterized in that: A rotating groove is provided in the middle of the closed block. The inner wall of the rotating groove is provided with a groove. A drive column is connected to the outer wall of the commutation column. The drive column moves in the groove. The groove has several sinking grooves. The spacing of the sinking grooves matches the spacing of the three commutation contacts. When the drive column moves to the lowest point of the sinking groove, the conductor can contact one of the three commutation contacts.

9. A passive mechanical phase-commutation switch based on a low-voltage meter box as described in claim 8, characterized in that: A limiting post is fixedly connected to the body. The bottom of the commutation column is sleeved on the limiting post. A second elastic element is fixedly connected to the top of the limiting post. An annular plate is fixedly connected to the top of the second elastic element. A column body is fixedly installed in the middle of the commutation column. The bottom of the column body is rotatably connected to the annular plate. The second elastic element causes the commutation column to be pressed downward, so that the conductive element is in close contact with the three commutation contacts and the constant contact point.

10. A passive mechanical phase-commutation switch based on a low-voltage meter box as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The lowest point of the sinking trough is in line contact with the tangential surface of the bottom of the sinking trough.

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