Detection device for ship rudder shaft

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ship rudder shaft detection, in particular to a ship rudder shaft detection device which comprises a turning machine, a rudder shaft product is arranged on a machine frame of the turning machine, and a movable clamping seat and a three-jaw chuck are arranged at the two ends of the rudder shaft product respectively. A driving shaft used for driving the three-jaw chuck to rotate is arranged at one end of the top of the turning machine rack, the two ends of the driving shaft are rotationally installed on the turning machine through bearing seats, and one end of the driving shaft is fixedly installed on the three-jaw chuck through a bolt. The shaft diameter detection assembly and the turning head seat are rigidly connected and synchronously move, so that the shaft diameter detection assembly and the turning head seat are rigidly connected and synchronously move, and the measurement position of the detection end can accurately correspond to the current machining point of the turning head in real time; therefore, online and in-situ monitoring of the shaft diameter size of a rudder shaft product in the turning process is achieved, diameter changes of all sections of the rudder shaft in the turning process are fed back in real time, and instant data are provided for an operator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ship rudder shaft testing technology, and more specifically to a testing device for ship rudder shafts. Background Technology

[0002] The rudder shaft is a key component of a ship's steering system, and its machining accuracy directly affects the ship's handling performance and navigation safety. Due to the special structure of the rudder shaft, its shaft diameter is usually non-uniform (thick in the middle and thin at both ends), which places higher demands on real-time dimensional control during the turning process. Existing turning centers, such as the technology described in publication number CN120772811A, primarily improve overall machining accuracy and stability by modifying structures such as hydrostatic guideways. However, when turning shaft-type parts like rudder shafts, which have relatively low requirements for diameter consistency but unique shapes, existing equipment has significant shortcomings: 1. Lack of effective online detection methods: During the processing, operators find it difficult to quickly and intuitively understand the real-time changes in the shaft diameter. They usually rely on stopping the machine after processing for measurement, which is inefficient and cannot correct deviations in real time.

[0003] 2. Harsh testing environment: Metal chips and coolant generated during turning can easily contaminate and interfere with the normal operation of the testing components, causing contact measuring heads to jam or non-contact sensor signals to distort, making it difficult to guarantee the effectiveness of the testing. 3. Limited functionality: Existing turning equipment focuses on cutting functions, and inspection is mostly done independently and offline. There is a lack of linkage inspection devices that are deeply integrated with the machining process and can use the equipment's own power for auxiliary cleaning.

[0004] Therefore, a detection device for ship rudder shafts is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems in existing technologies, this invention provides a detection device for ship rudder shafts. This device is integrated onto a turning machine to achieve real-time, synchronous detection of the shaft diameter during the rudder shaft turning process. It possesses both coarse observation and precise measurement functions, and can utilize the driving force of the turning machine to generate a clean airflow, effectively protecting the detection element and improving the reliability and accuracy of the detection.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is a testing device for ship rudder shafts, including a turning machine. A rudder shaft product is arranged on the frame of the turning machine. A movable clamping seat and a three-jaw chuck are respectively arranged at both ends of the rudder shaft product. A drive shaft for driving the three-jaw chuck to rotate is arranged at one end of the top of the turning machine frame. Both ends of the drive shaft are rotatably mounted to the turning machine through bearing seats, and one end of the drive shaft is fixed to the three-jaw chuck by bolts. The steering shaft product has a turning head seat and a shaft diameter detection component on both sides. The shaft diameter detection component is in contact with the surface of the steering shaft product and connected to the bottom of the turning head seat. The detection end of the shaft diameter detection component is coaxially arranged with the turning head on the turning head seat. When the turning head seat moves the turning head, the shaft diameter detection component moves synchronously to ensure that the detection position of the shaft diameter detection component is the position of the turning head on the turning head seat for turning operations. The top of the turning head seat is slidably connected to a longitudinal moving seat for mounting the turning head, and the bottom of the longitudinal moving seat is threaded with a lead screw. The two ends of the lead screw are rotatably connected to the turning head seat through bearings. A tail servo motor is installed at the tail of the turning head seat, and the drive end of the tail servo motor is connected to the rotating shaft of the lead screw.

[0007] Specifically, the shaft diameter detection assembly includes an L-shaped movable seat, one end of which passes through the middle cavity of the machine frame of the turning machine and is fixed to the bottom of the moving clamping seat by bolts; The L-shaped movable seat has a rectangular opening at the center of the end furthest from the moving clamp seat, and a lifting seat is provided in the rectangular opening. A vertical guide rod is inserted through one end of the lifting seat, and a vertical screw is threaded into the other end. The top and bottom of the vertical guide rod are rotatably connected to the L-shaped movable seat by bolts, and the top and bottom of the vertical screw are rotatably connected to the L-shaped movable seat by bearings. The top shaft of the vertical screw extends to the top of the L-shaped movable seat and is equipped with a handwheel.

[0008] Specifically, a sleeve is inserted through the top and bottom of the lifting seat. An inner rod is inserted into the end of the sleeve near the rudder shaft product. The top of the sleeve is tightened and fixed to the corresponding inner rod by a tightening knob. An installation end plate is installed on the end of the two sets of inner rods near the rudder shaft product by bolts. A diameter measuring head is installed on the side of the installation end plate near the rudder shaft product. The sleeve extends from the end of the rudder shaft product to the back of the lifting seat and is fitted with a tension spring. A mounting tail plate is welded to the end face of the sleeve away from the rudder shaft product. A flange ring is welded to the end of the tension spring away from the mounting tail plate. The flange ring is fixed to the lifting seat by bolts. The other end of the tension spring is welded to the mounting tail plate. The tension spring provides tension to the sleeve in the direction of the rudder shaft product, so that the measuring head can continuously contact the surface of the rudder shaft product.

[0009] Specifically, a distance sensor is bolted to the center of the mounting tailplate facing the lifting seat, with the sensor's detection end facing the lifting seat. A scale is provided on the sleeve surface. During continuous contact between the measuring head and the rudder shaft product surface, the rudder shaft product is being machined by the turning head on the turning head seat, causing the shaft diameter to change in real time. The position of the measuring head changes accordingly, and the scale position is adjusted accordingly, allowing the machining personnel to observe and roughly understand the diameter of the rudder shaft product under its current machining state. Due to the special nature of rudder shaft use, the shaft diameter is uneven throughout. Typically, it is thicker in the middle and thinner at both ends. At the same time, as the position of the sleeve changes, the initial value of the distance sensor's distance detection of the lifting seat will also change. Through this value, the operator can accurately understand the shaft diameter status of the rudder shaft product being processed. Since the distance sensor is far away from the processing area of ​​the rudder shaft product, the detection end of the distance sensor will not be affected by the waste chips generated by turning, ensuring the effectiveness of the detection. The side of the lifting seat facing the mounting tail plate is equipped with a protective cover, and the protective cover is fixed to the lifting seat by bolts. The circuit of the distance sensor passes through the protective cover and is connected to the external host.

[0010] Specifically, the measuring head includes a cylindrical seat with an internal cavity structure. The tail of the cylindrical seat is fixed to the mounting end plate by bolts, and the cylindrical seat is embedded with a movable steel ball. An exhaust port is opened on the outer periphery of the cylindrical seat near the steel ball. An air inlet connector communicating with the exhaust port is provided on one side of the cylindrical seat. By contacting the rudder shaft product with the steel ball, the change in the shaft diameter on the surface of the rudder shaft product can be fed back to the shaft diameter detection component in real time.

[0011] Specifically, a drive assembly is provided at one end of the machine frame near the drive shaft. The drive assembly includes a first upper synchronous pulley and a second upper synchronous pulley. The first upper synchronous pulley is mounted on the end of the drive shaft away from the three-jaw chuck by a key pin. A first lower synchronous pulley is engaged at the bottom of the first upper synchronous pulley by a timing belt. A drive motor is installed inside the machine frame of the machine. The drive end of the drive motor is connected to the rotation shaft of the first lower synchronous pulley. The center of the second upper synchronous pulley is mounted in the middle of the drive shaft by a key pin, and the bottom of the second upper synchronous pulley is engaged with the second lower synchronous pulley by a timing belt passing through the frame of the turning machine. The center of the second lower synchronous pulley is connected to the lower drive shaft by a key, and one end of the lower drive shaft is rotatably connected to the inside of the turning machine frame by a bearing seat.

[0012] Specifically, an axial flow fan is provided at the other end of the lower drive shaft. The bottom of the axial flow fan is fixed to the machine frame of the turning machine by bolts. The shaft head at the other end of the lower drive shaft is connected to the center of the fan blades of the axial flow fan by a flange. An air collector is installed at the exhaust end of the axial flow fan by a flange. A metal filter is fitted at the air inlet end of the axial flow fan. The outer periphery of the metal filter is fixed to the housing of the axial flow fan by bolts.

[0013] Specifically, a pressure tank is installed on one side of the top of the L-shaped movable seat. Solenoid valves are installed at the inlet and outlet of the pressure tank, respectively. The exhaust end and inlet connector of the air collector are connected to the solenoid valves at the inlet and exhaust ends of the pressure tank through pipes. The driving force of the turning machine on the product is converted into wind power to provide a blowing effect for the diameter measuring head area, so that the product surface is cleaned.

[0014] Specifically, a first screw is threadedly connected to the bottom of the turning head seat, and the two ends of the first screw are rotatably connected to the frame of the turning machine through bearings. A first servo motor is installed at the other end of the turning machine, and the drive end of the first servo motor is connected to the rotating head at one end of the first screw.

[0015] Specifically, a second screw is threadedly connected to the center of the bottom of the moving clamping seat. The two ends of the second screw are rotatably connected to the frame of the turning machine through bearings. A second servo motor is installed at the end of the frame of the turning machine near the first servo motor. The drive end of the second servo motor is connected to the rotating shaft at one end of the second screw. Guide rods are inserted into both sides of the bottom of the turning head seat and the moving clamp seat. The two ends of the guide rods are fixed to the frame of the turning machine by bolts.

[0016] Specifically, the bottom of the L-shaped movable seat is welded with a support leg, and the bottom of the support leg is slidably connected to a slide rail via a slider. The axis of the slide rail is consistent with the axis of the rudder shaft product, and the slide rail is fixedly installed on the frame of the turning machine.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The present invention discloses a detection device for ship rudder shafts. By rigidly connecting and synchronously moving the shaft diameter detection component with the turning head seat, the device enables the measurement position of the detection end to correspond accurately and in real time to the current machining point of the turning head. This allows for online and in-situ monitoring of the shaft diameter of the rudder shaft during the turning process, providing real-time feedback on the diameter changes of each section of the rudder shaft during the turning process, and providing immediate data to the operator.

[0018] The present invention discloses a testing device for ship rudder shafts, which realizes a dual testing mode: coarse observation: through the scale on the sleeve, the operator can intuitively and quickly understand the approximate trend of the rudder shaft diameter change, facilitating on-site monitoring and coarse adjustment. Fine measurement feedback: through the distance sensor, the minute displacement of the sleeve is accurately measured, and combined with the initial calibration value, the actual shaft diameter can be accurately calculated with high precision and the data can be recorded.

[0019] This invention discloses a testing device for ship rudder shafts. It features strong anti-interference capabilities. The measuring head contacts the shaft surface via steel balls and remains in contact with the surface under the action of an elastic reset mechanism, adapting to changes in shaft diameter. Simultaneously, the power of the turning machine's drive motor generates compressed air through an axial fan. After being stabilized by a pressure tank, the compressed air is blown into the measuring head and expelled from its exhaust port. This airflow effectively removes chips and oil from the contact area of ​​the measuring head, keeping the testing surface clean, and also creates positive pressure to prevent external contaminants from entering. The distance sensor is located at the back of the device and protected by a protective cover, far from the machining area, completely avoiding the influence of chips and coolant, ensuring long-term testing effectiveness and sensor lifespan.

[0020] The entire inspection device is integrated as a functional module of the turning machine, requiring no additional space and facilitating installation and debugging. It organically combines drive, machining, inspection, and cleaning functions, achieving a high degree of automation. It is particularly suitable for turning irregularly shaped shaft components such as rudder shafts, where real-time requirements are high and the machining environment is harsh. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] Figure 1 This is an overall diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the shaft diameter detection component of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the diameter measuring head of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the axial flow fan of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Turning machine; 11. Slide rail; 12. Moving clamping seat; 13. Three-jaw chuck; 14. Second screw; 15. Second servo motor; 16. First screw; 17. First servo motor; 2. Drive shaft; 21. First upper synchronous pulley; 22. First lower synchronous pulley; 23. Drive motor; 24. Second upper synchronous pulley; 25. Second lower synchronous pulley; 26. Lower drive shaft; 27. Axial flow fan; 28. Air collector shroud; 29. ​​Metal filter screen; 3. Turning head seat; 4. Shaft diameter detection assembly; 41. 401. L-shaped movable seat; 42. Support leg; 43. Lifting seat; 44. Vertical guide rod; 45. Vertical screw; 46. Handwheel; 47. Pressure tank; 48. Solenoid valve; 49. Sleeve; 401. Scale; 402. Inner rod; 413. Tightening knob; 414. Mounting end plate; 415. Diameter measuring head; 416. Cylinder seat; 417. Steel ball; 418. Exhaust port; 419. Air inlet connector; 410. Tension spring; 411. Mounting tail plate; 412. Distance sensor; 5. Steering shaft products. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0024] As one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the present invention discloses a testing device for ship rudder shafts, comprising a turning machine 1. The frame of the turning machine 1 is equipped with a movable clamping seat 12 and a three-jaw chuck 13 for clamping rudder shaft products 5. The rudder shaft product 5 is clamped between the movable clamping seat 12 and the three-jaw chuck 13 at both ends. A drive shaft 2 is mounted on one end of the top of the frame via a bearing housing, and one end is fixed to the three-jaw chuck 13 by bolts for driving its rotation. The drive shaft 2 is driven by a first upper synchronous pulley 21, a first lower synchronous pulley 22, and a drive motor 23 of the drive assembly. The bottom of the movable clamping seat 12 is threadedly connected to a second screw 14, which is driven by a second servo motor 15, allowing the movable clamping seat 12 to move along a guide rod on the frame to accommodate rudder shafts of different lengths. A turning head seat 3 and a shaft diameter testing assembly 4 are respectively provided on both sides of the rudder shaft product 5. The bottom of the turning head holder 3 is connected to the first screw 16 by a thread, and the first screw 16 is driven by the first servo motor 17, so that the turning head holder 3 can move along the guide rod below it.

[0025] The core improvement lies in the shaft diameter detection component 4 and its associated system. The shaft diameter detection component 4 includes an L-shaped movable seat 41. One end of the L-shaped movable seat 41 is fixed to the bottom of the movable clamping seat 12 by bolts, so that it can move together with the movable clamping seat for initial alignment. The bottom of the L-shaped movable seat 41 is slidably connected to the slide rail 11 fixed to the frame by a support leg 401 and a slider, ensuring its smooth movement. A lifting seat 42 is provided in the rectangular opening in the middle of the other end of the L-shaped movable seat 41. The height of the lifting seat 42 can be manually adjusted by the cooperation of the vertical guide rod 43, the vertical screw 44 and the top handwheel 45 to adapt to the initial positioning of the rudder shaft with different diameter specifications. The linkage principle is: when a certain section of the rudder shaft needs to be machined, the CNC system synchronously controls the first servo motor 17 and the second servo motor 15, so that the turning head seat 3 and the moving clamp seat 12 together with the shaft diameter detection component 4 at its bottom move at the same speed and in the same direction, thereby ensuring that no matter where the turning head of the turning head seat 3 moves, the detection end of the shaft diameter detection component 4 always remains coaxial with the turning head seat 3.

[0026] Two sets of symmetrical diameter measuring mechanisms are horizontally arranged on the lifting base 42. Each mechanism includes: a sleeve 48 passing through the lifting base, with its front end connected to the mounting end plate 411 via an inserted inner rod 49 near the rudder shaft; the diameter measuring head 412 is mounted on the mounting end plate 411. The sleeve 48 and the inner rod 49 are locked together by a tightening knob 410 for easy initial position adjustment. A mounting tail plate 417 is welded to the tail of the sleeve 48. One end of a tension spring 416 is connected to the mounting tail plate 417, and the other end is fixed to the lifting base 42 via a flange ring, providing a constant tension to keep the diameter measuring head 412 in close contact with the surface of the rudder shaft product 5.

[0027] A distance sensor 418 is mounted on the tailplate 417, with its sensing end facing the back of the lifting seat 42. A scale 481 is provided on the surface of the sleeve 48. When machining causes a change in the rudder shaft diameter, the measuring head 412 moves, causing the sleeve 48 to shift, and the scale 481 moves accordingly for the operator to roughly observe. Simultaneously, the distance sensor 418 continuously monitors the precise change in distance between itself and the back of the lifting seat 42, transmitting this information to an external host unit for calculation to obtain the accurate shaft diameter. A protective cover is provided on the back of the lifting seat 42 to protect the distance sensor 418 and its wiring, isolating it from chips and liquids.

[0028] The measuring head 412 is specifically a cylindrical base structure, with its tail fixed to the mounting end plate 411. A freely rotatable steel ball 413 is embedded at the front end as a contact point to reduce friction. An exhaust port 414 is opened on the side wall of the cylindrical base, and an air inlet connector 415 is connected to it.

[0029] The drive assembly includes a drive motor 23. The drive motor 23 drives the drive shaft 2 to rotate via a first lower synchronous pulley 22, a synchronous belt, and a first upper synchronous pulley 21. Simultaneously, a second upper synchronous pulley 24 on the drive shaft 2 drives a second lower synchronous pulley 25 via a synchronous belt, thereby rotating the lower drive shaft 26. The end of the lower drive shaft 26 is connected to the blades of an axial flow fan 27 via a flange. The axial flow fan 27 has a metal filter 29 at its air inlet and an air outlet connected to the inlet solenoid valve 47 of the pressure tank 46 via an air collector shroud 28. The outlet solenoid valve 47 of the pressure tank 46 is connected to the air inlet connector 415 of the measuring head 412 via a pipe.

[0030] In use, after clamping the rudder shaft product 5, the height of the shaft diameter detection component 4 is adjusted so that the measuring head 412 contacts the shaft surface under the action of spring force. The processing program is set by the control host of the processing site, and the equipment is started. The drive motor 23 works, driving the rudder shaft to rotate for turning on one hand, and driving the axial flow fan 27 to generate airflow on the other hand. Compressed air is stored in the pressure tank 46 and continuously sprayed out from the exhaust port 414 of the measuring head 412 to clean the contact area of ​​the steel ball 413. When the turning head seat 3 processes along the axial direction of the rudder shaft product 5, it drives the shaft diameter detection component 4 to move synchronously. During the turning process, the real-time change of the rudder shaft diameter is converted into the displacement of the sleeve 48 through the measuring mechanism. The operator can observe the approximate change through the scale 481, while the system host obtains the precise diameter value through the data of the distance sensor (418), realizing the synchronization, accuracy and reliability of processing and detection. During turning, the surface of the rotating rudder shaft product 5 contacts the measuring head 412. As the turning head continues to cut, the workpiece shaft diameter gradually decreases. The measuring head 412, under the action of the tension spring 416, moves inward, causing the sleeve 48 to move inward as well. The operator can observe the approximate change in shaft diameter by looking at the scale 481 on the surface of the sleeve 48. Simultaneously, the distance sensor 418, fixed to the mounting tail plate 417, continuously monitors the change in distance between itself and the back of the lifting seat 42. Because the mounting tail plate 417 is fixed to the sleeve 48, and the sleeve 48 is rigidly connected to the measuring head 412 via the inner rod 49, the change in the distance sensor 418 reading accurately reflects the change in workpiece radius. The data processing system compares this change with the initial reference value to obtain the absolute value of the machined shaft diameter in real time. Since the distance sensor 418 is protected by a protective cover and kept away from the turning sparks and chip area, its operation is stable and reliable.

[0031] The measuring head 412 has a pneumatic structure. The steel balls 413 inside the cylinder seat 4121 directly contact the workpiece and can roll freely to reduce friction. Compressed air enters through the inlet connector 415 and exits through the exhaust port 414. The invention also includes a self-driven cooling and air supply system. The second upper synchronous pulley 24 in the middle of the drive shaft 2 drives the second lower synchronous pulley 25 and the lower drive shaft 26 via a synchronous belt, thereby rotating the axial flow fan 27. The air drawn in by the axial flow fan 27 is filtered by a metal filter 29, collected by an air collector 28, and then sent through pipes and a solenoid valve 47 to the pressure tank 46 on top of the L-shaped movable seat 41. The pressure tank 46 provides an air supply for the measuring head 412, and its exhaust airflow can also be used for local cooling and cleaning. The entire system is powered by the machine tool spindle, requiring no external air or power source, achieving efficient linkage.

[0032] The workflow is as follows: clamp the workpiece and set the initial reference, then start the turning program of the turning machine 1, and put the turning head seat 3 and the shaft diameter detection component 4 into contact with both sides of the product. The measuring head 412 contacts the workpiece surface and moves with the shaft diameter. The displacement of the sleeve 48 is accurately captured by the distance sensor 418. The data of the distance sensor 418 is displayed and recorded in real time. The control host of the turning machine 1 can adjust the turning parameters in real time according to the data feedback to realize closed-loop machining.

[0033] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A detection device for a rudder shaft of a ship, characterized in that, The application relates to a turning machine (1) provided with a rudder shaft product (5) on the frame of the turning machine (1), the rudder shaft product (5) is provided with a movable clamping seat (12) and a three-jaw chuck (13) at two ends respectively, one end of the top of the frame of the turning machine (1) is provided with a driving shaft (2) for driving the three-jaw chuck (13) to rotate, the two ends of the driving shaft (2) are rotatably connected with the turning machine (1) through bearing seats, and one end of the driving shaft (2) is fixedly connected with the three-jaw chuck (13) through bolts. The rudder shaft product (5) is provided with a turning head seat (3) and a shaft diameter detection assembly (4) at two sides respectively, the shaft diameter detection assembly (4) is in contact with the surface of the rudder shaft product (5) and is connected with the bottom of the turning head seat (3), and the detection end of the shaft diameter detection assembly (4) is coaxially arranged with a turning head on the turning head seat (3).

2. A detection device for a rudder shaft of a ship according to claim 1, characterized in that The shaft diameter detection assembly (4) comprises an L-shaped moving seat (41), one end of the L-shaped moving seat (41) penetrates through the middle cavity of the frame of the turning machine (1) and is fixedly connected with the bottom of the movable clamping seat (12) through bolts. The middle part of the end of the L-shaped moving seat (41) away from the movable clamping seat (12) is a rectangular opening structure, a lifting seat (42) is arranged in the rectangular opening, a vertical guide rod (43) is arranged in one end of the lifting seat (42) and penetrates through the lifting seat (42), a vertical screw rod (44) is threadedly arranged at the other end of the lifting seat (42), the top and bottom of the vertical guide rod (43) are rotatably connected with the L-shaped moving seat (41) through bolts, the top and bottom of the vertical screw rod (44) are rotatably connected with the L-shaped moving seat (41) through bearings, the shaft head of the top of the vertical screw rod (44) penetrates through the top of the L-shaped moving seat (41) and is provided with a hand wheel (45).

3. A detection device for a rudder shaft of a ship according to claim 2, characterized in that A sleeve (48) is arranged in the lifting seat (42) and penetrates through the top and bottom of the lifting seat (42), an inner rod (49) is arranged in one end of the sleeve (48) close to the rudder shaft product (5), the top of the sleeve (48) is fixedly connected with the corresponding inner rod (49) through a tightening knob (410), two groups of inner rods (49) are fixedly connected with an installation end plate (411) through bolts at one end close to the rudder shaft product (5), and a diameter measuring head (412) is arranged on the side of the installation end plate (411) close to the rudder shaft product (5). The end of the sleeve (48) away from the rudder shaft product (5) penetrates through the back of the lifting seat (42) and is sleeved with a tension spring (416), and the end face of the end of the sleeve (48) away from the rudder shaft product (5) is welded with an installation tail plate (417), one end of the tension spring (416) away from the installation tail plate (417) is welded with a flange ring, the flange ring is fixedly connected with the lifting seat (42) through bolts, and the other end of the tension spring (416) is welded with the installation tail plate (417).

4. A detection device for a rudder shaft of a ship according to claim 3, characterized in that A distance sensor (418) is arranged on the middle part of the side of the installation tail plate (417) facing the lifting seat (42) through bolts, the detection end of the distance sensor (418) faces the lifting seat (42), a scale (481) is arranged on the surface of the sleeve (48), a protective cover is arranged on the side of the lifting seat (42) facing the installation tail plate (417), and the protective cover is fixedly connected with the lifting seat (42) through bolts.

5. A detection device for a rudder shaft of a ship according to claim 4, characterized in that The measuring head (412) comprises a barrel (412) with a cavity structure inside, the tail of the barrel (412) is fixed with the mounting end plate (411) through bolts, and the barrel (412) is embedded with a movable steel ball (413), an exhaust port (414) is arranged on the outer periphery of the barrel (412) near the steel ball (413), and one side of the barrel (412) is provided with an air inlet connector (415) communicated with the exhaust port (414).

6. A detection device for a rudder shaft of a ship according to claim 5, characterized in that The driving assembly is arranged on one end of the rack of the turning machine (1) close to the driving shaft (2), and the driving assembly comprises a first upper synchronous wheel (21) and a second upper synchronous wheel (24), the first upper synchronous wheel (21) is installed on the end of the driving shaft (2) away from the three-jaw chuck (13) through a key pin, and the bottom of the first upper synchronous wheel (21) is engaged with a first lower synchronous wheel (22) through a synchronous belt, and a driving motor (23) is installed in the rack of the turning machine (1), and the driving end of the driving motor (23) is connected with the rotating shaft of the first lower synchronous wheel (22). The center of the second upper synchronous wheel (24) is installed on the middle part of the driving shaft (2) through a key pin, and the bottom of the second upper synchronous wheel (24) is engaged with a second lower synchronous wheel (25) through a synchronous belt penetrating the rack of the turning machine (1), and the center of the second lower synchronous wheel (25) is connected with a lower driving shaft (26) through a key, and one end of the lower driving shaft (26) is rotatably connected with the rack of the turning machine (1) through a bearing seat.

7. A detection device for a rudder shaft of a ship according to claim 6, characterized in that The other end of the lower driving shaft (26) is provided with an axial flow fan (27), the bottom of the axial flow fan (27) is fixedly installed with the rack of the turning machine (1) through bolts, the other end of the lower driving shaft (26) is connected with the center of the fan blade of the axial flow fan (27) through a flange, and the exhaust end of the axial flow fan (27) is provided with a wind collecting cover (27) through a flange, and the air inlet end of the axial flow fan (27) is provided with a metal filter screen (29), and the outer periphery of the metal filter screen (29) is fixedly installed with the shell of the axial flow fan (27) through bolts.

8. A detection device for a rudder shaft of a ship according to claim 7, characterized in that The top of the L-shaped moving seat (41) is provided with a pressure tank (46), the air inlet and outlet ends of the pressure tank (46) are respectively provided with electromagnetic valves (47), and the exhaust end of the wind collecting cover (27) and the air inlet connector (415) are respectively connected with the electromagnetic valves (47) at the air inlet and outlet ends of the pressure tank (46) through pipelines.

9. A detection device for a rudder shaft of a ship according to claim 8, characterized in that The bottom of the turning head seat (3) is threadedly connected with a first screw rod (16), both ends of the first screw rod (16) are rotatably connected with the rack of the turning machine (1) through bearings, and the other end of the turning machine (1) is provided with a first servo motor (17), and the driving end of the first servo motor (17) is connected with the rotating head of one end of the first screw rod (16).

10. A detection device for a rudder shaft of a ship according to claim 9, characterized in that The middle part of the seat bottom of the movable clamping seat (12) is threadedly connected with a second screw rod (14), both ends of the second screw rod (14) are rotatably connected with the rack of the turning machine (1) through bearings, and one end of the rack of the turning machine (1) close to the first servo motor (17) is provided with a second servo motor (15), and the driving end of the second servo motor (15) is connected with the rotating shaft of one end of the second screw rod (14). The turning head seat (3) and the movable clamping seat (12) are provided with guide rods on both sides of the bottom, and the two ends of the guide rods are fixedly installed on the frame of the turning machine (1) through bolts.

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