Preparation reaction device applied to efficient degradable fluorine surfactant

Abstract

The preparation reaction device comprises a rack, a cross beam is arranged on the rack, a plurality of micro-channel reactors are arranged on the cross beam, and each micro-channel reactor comprises an outer protective plate, a sealing plate, a first reaction plate, a second reaction plate and a heat exchange plate which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside. One side of each first reaction plate is provided with a first reaction channel, one side of each second reaction plate is provided with a second reaction channel, and the first reaction channels on the two first reaction plates are communicated through a connecting pipe; the first reaction channel and the second reaction channel are communicated through a plurality of serial flow channels, and the reaction tanks on the first reaction channel and the reaction tanks on the second reaction channel are periodically staggered and communicated with each other; the liquid in the first reaction channel and the liquid in the second reaction channel are converged at the converging channel through the serial flow channel and the liquid in the branch channels on the two sides to be mutually collided and mixed, so that the laminar flow barrier is broken, the shear disturbance is enhanced, the mixing effect is enhanced, and the reaction rate is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fine chemical equipment technology, and in particular to a reaction apparatus for the preparation of highly efficient biodegradable fluorinated surfactants. Background Technology

[0002] Fluorinated surfactants, with their excellent surface activity, heat resistance, and chemical stability, are widely used in chemical, fire protection, and materials industries. Traditional fluorinated surfactant preparation often employs a single reactor for the entire process, which has several key technological shortcomings: low mass transfer efficiency in the reaction system; reliance on a single stirring mode for material mixing within the reactor, making it difficult to form a homogeneous reaction system; and the potential for side reactions such as excessive substitution of fluorocarbon chains and abnormal branching due to localized excess or uneven concentration of raw materials, resulting in poor product selectivity and low intermediate purity. Furthermore, the reaction cycle is lengthy; when fast and slow reactions occur in the same reactor, the fast reaction must wait for the slow reaction to complete, with the overall time reaching several hours or even longer, leading to low production efficiency.

[0003] Using microchannel reactors to replace traditional reactors for rapid reaction steps such as nucleophilic substitution and CP-bond coupling can overcome the efficiency bottlenecks of traditional reaction devices. Currently, traditional microchannel reactors employ a single planar channel structure. This symmetrical channel structure makes it easy for two fluids with the same flow velocity to form a stable laminar flow state when they merge or flow together. The lack of shearing, stretching, or eddy current disturbances caused by velocity differences limits the efficiency of fluid mixing and reaction.

[0004] Existing technology: CN109847666B discloses a microchannel reaction component and a microchannel reactor. The application sets up a layered structure of branch channels, confluence channels and cross-flow channels, so that the reaction medium is repeatedly split and merged between multiple layers, which enhances fluid disturbance and improves mixing intensity. The application has the following problems: (1) The curved structure of the Ω-shaped channel causes eddies and sudden changes in flow direction at the branching and confluence points when the fluid splits in the branching channel and merges in the confluence channel, resulting in local resistance. This requires the delivery pump to continuously output higher power, which leads to a significant increase in fluid delivery energy consumption and high long-term operating costs. (2) Uneven distribution of fluid in each channel can easily lead to some fluids having too long or too short residence time, which can easily form flow dead zones, thereby causing abnormal branching of fluorocarbon chains and incomplete reaction, ultimately resulting in a decrease in product purity and yield. (3) A connecting partition is also required between the two reaction plates. Each hole on the connecting partition needs to correspond precisely with the position on the two reaction plates. This requires extremely high precision in laser processing, chemical etching and other processes, resulting in high processing costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention discloses a reaction apparatus for the preparation of highly efficient biodegradable fluorinated surfactants. In the preparation process, rapid reaction steps such as nucleophilic substitution and CP bond coupling are performed using a microchannel reactor instead of a traditional reaction vessel to improve reaction efficiency. While ensuring mass transfer efficiency, the microchannel structure is optimized to reduce fluid resistance and energy consumption, reduce dependence on processing precision, and lower operating costs.

[0006] The specific technical solution is as follows: A reaction apparatus for the preparation of highly efficient biodegradable fluorosurfactants includes a frame, on which a crossbeam is provided, and multiple microchannel reactors are arranged laterally on the crossbeam. Adjacent microchannel reactors are connected in series by a series pipe to realize the series connection of fluid passages. Each microchannel reactor includes, from the outside to the inside, an outer protective plate, a sealing plate, a first reaction plate, a second reaction plate, and a heat exchange plate. An outer protective plate is attached to the two sealing plates on opposite sides. The edges of the outer protective plate and the sealing plate are fixed by several fasteners. An installation groove is opened on the adjacent side of each of the two sealing plates, and a first reaction plate is installed thereon. An accommodating groove is opened on the adjacent side of each of the two first reaction plates, and a second reaction plate is installed thereon. The adjacent side of each of the two second reaction plates protrudes from the accommodating groove and is fitted into the heat exchange grooves on both sides of the heat exchange plate. A first reaction channel is formed on the side surface of the first reaction plate that is in contact with the sealing plate, and a second reaction channel is formed on the side surface of the second reaction plate that is in contact with the first reaction plate. Both the first reaction channel and the second reaction channel are continuously bent, and the first reaction channels on the two first reaction plates are connected by a connecting pipe. The first and second reaction channels are each composed of several reaction tanks connected in series. Each reaction tank is heart-shaped, and adjacent reaction tanks are connected by a confluence channel. Each reaction tank is equipped with a guide block adapted to its shape. The two sides of the guide block form branch channels with the inner walls of the reaction tank. The two ends of the guide block near the inlet and outlet of the reaction tank are respectively provided with inlet and outlet channels. In the first reaction channel, each reaction tank is provided with a cross-flow channel at the position of each inlet and outlet channel. The first and second reaction channels are connected by several cross-flow channels. The cross-flow channel at the inlet of the first reaction channel corresponds to the position of the outlet of the second reaction channel, and the cross-flow channel at the outlet of the first reaction channel corresponds to the position of the inlet of the second reaction channel. This makes the reaction tanks in the first and second reaction channels periodically intersect and communicate with each other. As a result, the reaction media in the first and second reaction channels are collected at the confluence channel after passing through the cross-flow channels and the reaction media on both sides of the branch channels. They mix together and then re-divide, and this cycle continues.

[0007] Preferably, the first reaction channel is provided with an inlet channel and an outlet channel at its two ends, and the inlet channel and outlet channel are provided with an inlet hole and an outlet hole at their ends, respectively, and the inlet hole and outlet hole are symmetrically distributed on the first reaction plate.

[0008] Preferably, the two first reaction plates in the microchannel reactor are symmetrically arranged, such that the liquid outlet of one first reaction plate corresponds to the liquid inlet of the other first reaction plate, and the two are connected by a horizontally arranged connecting pipe; in addition, the liquid outlet of the other first reaction plate is connected to one end of the series pipe, and the other end of the series pipe horizontally passes through the sealing plate and the outer protective plate and is connected to the liquid inlet of one of the first reaction plates in the adjacent microchannel reactor.

[0009] Preferably, the reaction tanks in the first and second reaction channels are continuously distributed in an S-shape, and the beginning and end of two adjacent rows of reaction tanks are connected by an arc-shaped channel. The number of reaction tanks in each row of the second reaction channel is one less than the number of reaction tanks in each row of the first reaction channel. The positions of the flow holes at the beginning and end of each row of reaction tanks on the first reaction plate correspond to the positions of the arc-shaped channels on the second reaction channel. The beginning and end of the second reaction channel are respectively provided with extension channels. The position of the extension channel at the beginning corresponds to the position of the flow channel at the first inlet tank in the first reaction channel, and the position of the extension channel at the end corresponds to the position of the flow channel at the last outlet tank in the first reaction channel.

[0010] Preferably, heat exchange grooves are symmetrically formed on both sides of the heat exchange plate, and several guide plate assemblies are arranged in the heat exchange grooves. Step grooves are provided on the inner walls of the heat exchange grooves. The size and shape of the heat exchange grooves are adapted to the size and shape of the second reaction plate, so that the side of the second reaction plate protruding from the receiving groove is embedded in the heat exchange groove and placed on the step groove. Under the tension of the fasteners, the receiving grooves and heat exchange grooves on both sides of the second reaction plate remain tightly fitted and sealed.

[0011] Preferably, a soft heat insulation layer is provided on the outer wall of the heat exchange plate, the two sides of the heat insulation layer are tightly fitted with the two sealing plates, and the outer wall of the heat insulation layer is provided with a notch for accommodating fasteners.

[0012] Preferably, the heat exchange plate has two first interface pipes and two second interface pipes on the outer walls at both ends, which are connected to the two ends of the two heat exchange tanks inside. The two first interface pipes and the two second interface pipes penetrate the insulation layer and are respectively connected to the heat source pipe and the cold source pipe provided on the crossbeam through the pipes.

[0013] Preferably, both the inlet and outlet channels are concave arc-shaped channels that are adapted to the size and shape of the flow channel, and the flow channel is inclined in the direction of liquid flow.

[0014] Preferably, the two sides of the guide block have a V-shaped structure, and the direction of the two side walls of the guide block is tangent to the two sides of the circular hole of the crossflow channel at the outlet groove.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are reflected in: (1) This invention uses a microchannel reactor to replace the traditional reaction vessel for rapid reactions such as nucleophilic substitution and C-P bond coupling. The microscale structure of the microchannel reactor is used to enhance the turbulent mixing of the fluid, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency and shortening the reaction time from the hour level to the minute level. At the same time, it can achieve precise temperature control, reduce the occurrence of side reactions such as abnormal fluorocarbon chain branching, ensure the stability of the reaction and the purity of the product, thereby further improving the overall reaction efficiency and product quality.

[0016] (2) In this invention, the first reaction channel and the second reaction channel are periodically interconnected through a cross-flow channel, so that the liquids in the first reaction channel and the second reaction channel respectively converge at the confluence channel through the cross-flow channel and the liquids of the branch channels on both sides, collide and mix with each other, break the laminar flow barrier, strengthen the shear disturbance, enhance the mixing effect, and improve the reaction rate.

[0017] (3) Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts a continuous reaction channel, which effectively avoids the generation of flow dead zone. At the same time, a cross-flow channel is added at the inlet tank to reduce the fluid flow resistance. Furthermore, the high-velocity fluid flowing out of the branch channels on both sides forms a shearing effect on the low-velocity fluid flowing out of the cross-flow channel, forcing the fluid interface to stretch and fold, thereby forming more fine vortices and further enhancing the mixing effect.

[0018] (4) The microchannel reactor in this invention adopts an innovative layout and installation structure with double-layer reaction plates. The reaction plates themselves are sealed and adapted to eliminate the need for additional cover plates, which avoids component redundancy, reduces the overall volume of the equipment, and shortens the heat transfer path between the heat exchange medium and the reaction channel, effectively improving space utilization and heat exchange efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional view of the microchannel reactor in this invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the microchannel reactor in this invention.

[0022] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of the image.

[0023] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram showing the comparative structure between the first reaction plate and the second reaction plate in this invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the first reaction channel in this invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the first reaction channel and the second reaction channel are combined in this invention.

[0026] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified view of a portion of the image.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the flow pattern of the reaction medium in the microchannel reactor in this invention.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: Frame 1, crossbeam 11, microchannel reactor 2, series tube 21, outer protective plate 3, tension bolt 31, sealing plate 4, mounting groove 41; First reaction plate 5, receiving tank 51, connecting pipe 52; second reaction plate 6, filter assembly 61; Heat exchange plate 7, insulation layer 71, heat exchange groove 72, stepped groove 73, first interface pipe 74, second interface pipe 75, cold source pipe 76, heat source pipe 77; First reaction channel 8, reaction tank 81, guide block 82, inlet tank 83, outlet tank 84, confluence channel 85, branch channel 86, cross-flow channel 87, liquid inlet channel 88, liquid inlet hole 881, liquid outlet channel 89, liquid outlet hole 891; Second reaction channel 9, extension channel 91, arc-shaped channel 92. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the technical solution of this invention clearer and more explicit, the invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Any solution derived by equivalent substitution and conventional reasoning of the technical features of this invention falls within the protection scope of this invention. The fixed connections and fixed installations mentioned in this invention are all common connection methods in the mechanical field, including welding, bolt and nut connections, and screw connections.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0031] Please see the appendix Figure 1-2 This embodiment provides a reaction apparatus for the preparation of highly efficient biodegradable fluorosurfactants. It uses a microchannel reactor instead of a traditional reaction vessel to carry out rapid reactions such as nucleophilic substitution and C-P bond coupling. The microscale channel significantly shortens the material diffusion distance, and the material mixing time under turbulent conditions is reduced from the hours of the traditional reactor to the minutes. The mass transfer efficiency is greatly improved, and the problem of abnormal fluorocarbon chain branching caused by local excess of raw materials in nucleophilic substitution reactions can be effectively avoided.

[0032] The reaction device includes a frame 1, on which a crossbeam 11 is provided. Multiple microchannel reactors 2 are arranged horizontally on the crossbeam 11. Adjacent microchannel reactors are connected by a series pipe 21 to realize the series connection of fluid passages.

[0033] Please see the appendix Figure 3-4 Each microchannel reactor 2 includes an outer protective plate 3, a sealing plate 4, a first reaction plate 5, a second reaction plate 6, and a heat exchange plate 7, stacked sequentially from the outside to the inside. An outer protective plate 3 is attached to the opposite side of each of the two sealing plates 4. The edges of the outer protective plate 3 and the sealing plate 4 are secured by several fasteners, which are tightened. In this embodiment, the fasteners are tension bolts 31. Each of the two sealing plates 4 has an installation groove 41 on an adjacent side. One surface (front) of the first reaction plate 5 is embedded in the installation groove 41, and the size and shape of the first reaction plate 5 are adapted to the installation groove 41. Each of the two first reaction plates 5 has a receiving groove 51 on an adjacent surface (back side) and a second reaction plate 6 is installed thereon. Each of the two second reaction plates 6 has an adjacent surface (back side) protruding from the receiving groove 51. The protruding parts of the two second reaction plates 6 are respectively fitted into the heat exchange grooves 72 on the left and right sides of the heat exchange plate 7, achieving a seal.

[0034] A first reaction channel 8 is provided on the side surface of the first reaction plate 5 that is in contact with the sealing plate 4, and a second reaction channel 9 is provided on the side surface of the second reaction plate 6 that is in contact with the first reaction plate 5. Both the first reaction channel 8 and the second reaction channel 9 are continuously bent, and the first reaction channels 8 on the two first reaction plates 5 in the same microchannel reactor are connected by a connecting pipe 52.

[0035] Please see the appendix Figure 5-8The first reaction channel 8 and the second reaction channel 9 are each composed of several reaction tanks 81 connected in series. Each reaction tank 81 is heart-shaped. Adjacent reaction tanks 81 are connected by a converging channel 85. Each reaction tank 81 is provided with a guide block 82 adapted to its shape. The two sides of the guide block 82 form a branch channel 86 with the inner walls of the two sides of the reaction tank 81. The two ends of the guide block 82 near the inlet end and the outlet end of the reaction tank 81 are respectively provided with an inlet groove 83 and an outlet groove 84. In the first reaction channel 8, each reaction tank 81 located at the position of each inlet tank 83 and outlet tank 84 is provided with a through-flow channel 87. The width of the through-flow channel 87 and the branch channel 86 is smaller than the width of the converging channel 85. The first reaction channel 8 and the second reaction channel 9 are connected by several through-flow channels 87. The through-flow channel 87 at the inlet tank 83 of the first reaction channel 8 corresponds to the position of the outlet tank 84 of the second reaction channel 9, and the through-flow channel 87 at the outlet tank 84 of the first reaction channel 8 corresponds to the position of the inlet tank 83 of the second reaction channel 9. This results in a periodic staggered interconnection between the reaction tanks 81 of the first reaction channel 8 and the reaction tanks 81 of the second reaction channel 9. Figure 9 As shown, the reaction media in the first reaction channel 8 and the second reaction channel 9 are respectively collected in the confluence channel 85 through the cross-flow channel 87 and the reaction media of the two side branch channels 86, mixed together, and then re-diverted, and so on in a cycle.

[0036] In this embodiment, the first reaction channel 8 is provided with an inlet channel 88 and an outlet channel 89 at its two ends, respectively. The inlet channel 88 and the outlet channel 89 are provided with an inlet hole 881 and an outlet hole 891 at their ends, respectively. The inlet hole 881 and the outlet hole 891 are symmetrically distributed on the first reaction plate 5.

[0037] The two first reaction plates 5 in the microchannel reactor are symmetrically arranged, such that the liquid outlet 891 of one first reaction plate 5 corresponds to the liquid inlet 881 of the other first reaction plate 5, and the two are connected by a horizontally arranged connecting pipe 52. Furthermore, one end of the series pipe 21 is connected to the liquid outlet 891 of the other first reaction plate 5, and the other end of the series pipe 21 horizontally passes through the sealing plate 4 and the outer protective plate 3 and is connected to the liquid inlet 881 of one of the first reaction plates 5 in the adjacent microchannel reactor, thus ensuring that the reaction channels between the reaction plates are sequentially connected end-to-end to form a series path. In this embodiment, the liquid inlet channel 88 on the first first reaction plate 5 in the first microchannel reactor located at the first end is arranged with a Y-shaped fork structure. Liquid inlet holes 881 are respectively opened at the two ends of the liquid inlet channel 88, and each of the two liquid inlet holes 881 is connected to an inlet pipe (not shown in the figure), allowing two or more liquids to be pumped to the first reaction plate 5 through the two inlet pipes. The last second reaction plate 6 on the microchannel reactor at the tail end is connected to an outlet pipe at its outlet hole 891, and a filter assembly 61 is connected to the outlet pipe.

[0038] In this embodiment, several reaction tanks 81 in the first reaction channel 8 and the second reaction channel 9 are continuously distributed in an S-shape. The beginning and end of two adjacent rows of reaction tanks 81 are connected by an arc-shaped channel 92. The number of reaction tanks 81 in each row of the second reaction channel 9 is one less than the number of reaction tanks 81 in each row of the first reaction channel 8. The positions of the cross-flow holes at the beginning and end of each row of reaction tanks 81 on the first reaction plate 5 correspond to the positions of the arc-shaped channels 92 on the second reaction channel 9. Extension channels 91 are provided at both the beginning and end of the second reaction channel 9. The position of the extension channel 91 at the beginning corresponds to the position of the cross-flow channel 87 at the first inlet tank 83 in the first reaction channel 8, and the position of the extension channel 91 at the end corresponds to the position of the cross-flow channel 87 at the last outlet tank 84 in the first reaction channel 8.

[0039] In this embodiment, heat exchange grooves 72 are symmetrically formed on both sides of the heat exchange plate 7. Several guide vane assemblies are disposed within the heat exchange grooves 72. Stepped grooves 73 are provided on the inner walls of the heat exchange grooves 72. The size and shape of the heat exchange grooves 72 are adapted to the size and shape of the second reaction plate 6, so that the second reaction plate 6 protrudes from one side of the receiving groove 51, is embedded into the heat exchange groove 72, and placed on the stepped groove 73. Under the tension of the fasteners, the receiving grooves 51 and the heat exchange grooves 72 on both sides of the second reaction plate 6 remain tightly fitted and sealed. Using the second reaction plate 6 as a cover plate to cooperate with the heat exchange groove 72 eliminates the need for an additional cover plate and improves heat exchange efficiency.

[0040] In this embodiment, a soft heat insulation layer 71 is attached to the outer wall of the heat exchange plate 7 to reduce heat loss. The two sides of the heat insulation layer 71 are pressed tightly together by two sealing plates 4. The outer wall of the heat insulation layer 71 is provided with a notch for accommodating fasteners to facilitate the installation of the tightening bolt 31, and its inner wall is also provided with a notch for accommodating the connecting pipe 52.

[0041] In this embodiment, the outer walls at both ends of the heat exchange plate 7 are provided with two first interface pipes 74 and two second interface pipes 75 that are connected to the two ends of the two heat exchange grooves 72 inside. The two first interface pipes 74 and the two second interface pipes 75 penetrate the heat insulation layer 71 and are respectively connected to the heat source pipe 77 and the cold source pipe 76 provided on the crossbeam 11 through pipes.

[0042] In this embodiment, the guide block 82 has a V-shaped structure on both sides, and the direction of the side walls of the guide block 82 is tangent to the two sides of the circular hole of the crossflow channel 87 at the outlet groove 84. The fluid flowing out through the straight branch channels 86 on both sides has a faster velocity, while the fluid flowing out of the crossflow channel 87 after being blocked and slowed down by the inlet groove 83 has a slower velocity. The high-velocity fluid flowing out of the branch channels 86 on both sides forms a shearing effect on the low-velocity fluid flowing out of the crossflow channel 87, thereby forming more fine eddies. The disturbance and shearing force can destroy the laminar structure in the liquid, promoting uniform mixing and full reaction of the liquid.

[0043] In this embodiment, both the inlet groove 83 and the outlet groove 84 are concave grooves with arc shapes that are adapted to the size and shape of the cross-flow channel 87. The cross-flow channel 87 is inclined in the direction of liquid flow. The cross-flow channel 87 formed by the inclined opening can reduce flow resistance and avoid the problem of local backflow or dead zone caused by the fluid velocity in the cross-flow channel 87 being too slow and the fluid velocity difference between it and the diversion channel being too large.

[0044] Working principle: The reaction tank 81 on the first reaction channel 8 and the reaction tank 81 on the second reaction channel 9 are aligned in a staggered manner, so that the cross-flow channel 87 at the inlet tank 83 on the first reaction channel 8 corresponds to the outlet tank 84 on the second reaction channel 9, and the cross-flow channel 87 at the outlet tank 84 on the first reaction channel 8 corresponds to the inlet tank 83 on the second reaction channel 9, so that the cross-flow channel 87 on the first reaction channel 8 and the second reaction channel 9 can be periodically and alternately connected. Two or more liquids flow into the first reaction plate 5 through the inlet pipe, and then into the first reaction channel 8 through the Y-shaped forked inlet channel 88. Subsequently, the liquid flows into the reaction tank 81. When passing through the inlet tank 83, the liquid splits into three streams. Two streams flow from the two side branch channels 86 to the confluence channel 85 to merge. The other stream passes through the cross-flow channel 87 and enters the second reaction channel 9, where it mixes and collides with the liquids from the two side branch channels 86 at the confluence channel 85. The reaction media in the first and second reaction channels 9 flow into the next reaction tank 81, then split again and mix with each other, circulating in sequence to achieve thorough mixing.

[0045] The fluid flowing out of the straight branch channel 86 has a higher velocity, while the fluid flowing out of the cross-flow channel 87, decelerated by the inlet groove 83, has a lower velocity. The high-velocity fluid exerts a shearing effect on the low-velocity fluid, creating more fine eddies. This disturbance and shearing force breaks down the material flow boundary layer, forcibly forming turbulence, promoting uniform mixing and full reaction of the reaction medium, and increasing the reaction rate. In the preparation of fluorosurfactants, the tiny size of the microchannels shortens the material diffusion distance. By enhancing turbulent mixing, the fluorocarbon chain raw materials and reagents in the reaction system come into rapid contact, increasing the reaction rate and significantly shortening the production cycle.

[0046] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A reaction apparatus for preparing highly efficient biodegradable fluorinated surfactants, comprising a frame (1), wherein a crossbeam (11) is provided on the frame (1), and multiple microchannel reactors (2) are arranged laterally on the crossbeam (11), and adjacent microchannel reactors are connected by a series pipe (21) to realize the series connection of fluid passages; Each microchannel reactor includes an outer protective plate (3), a sealing plate (4), a first reaction plate (5), a second reaction plate (6), and a heat exchange plate (7) arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. An outer protective plate (3) is attached to the two sealing plates (4) on opposite sides. The edges of the outer protective plate (3) and the sealing plate (4) are fixed by several fasteners. An installation groove (41) is opened on the adjacent side of the two sealing plates (4) and a first reaction plate (5) is installed thereon. An accommodating groove (51) is opened on the adjacent side of the two first reaction plates (5) and a second reaction plate (6) is installed thereon. The adjacent side of the two second reaction plates (6) protrudes from the accommodating groove (51) and is fitted into the heat exchange grooves (72) on both sides of the heat exchange plate (7). A first reaction channel (8) is provided on the side surface of the first reaction plate (5) that is in contact with the sealing plate (4), and a second reaction channel (9) is provided on the side surface of the second reaction plate (6) that is in contact with the first reaction plate (5). Both the first reaction channel (8) and the second reaction channel (9) are continuously bent, and the first reaction channels (8) on the two first reaction plates (5) are connected by a connecting pipe (52). The first reaction channel (8) and the second reaction channel (9) are each composed of several reaction tanks (81) connected in series. Each reaction tank (81) is heart-shaped, and adjacent reaction tanks (81) are connected by a converging channel (85). Each reaction tank (81) is provided with a guide block (82) adapted to its shape. The two sides of the guide block (82) form a branch channel (86) between the two sides of the guide block (82) and the inner walls of the two sides of the reaction tank (81). The two ends of the guide block (82) near the inlet end and the outlet end of the reaction tank (81) are respectively provided with an inlet groove (83) and an outlet groove (84); wherein, The reaction tanks (81) on the first reaction channel (8) are provided with a cross-flow channel (87) at the positions of each inlet tank (83) and outlet tank (84). The first reaction channel (8) and the second reaction channel (9) are connected by a number of cross-flow channels (87). The cross-flow channel (87) at the inlet tank (83) of the first reaction channel (8) corresponds to the position of the outlet tank (84) on the second reaction channel (9). The cross-flow channel (87) at the outlet tank (84) of the first reaction channel (8) corresponds to the position of the inlet tank (83) on the second reaction channel (9). This makes the reaction tanks (81) on the first reaction channel (8) and the reaction tanks (81) on the second reaction channel (9) periodically intertwined. This allows the reaction media in the first reaction channel (8) and the second reaction channel (9) to be collected at the confluence channel (85) through the cross-flow channels (87) and the reaction media of the two side branch channels (86) respectively, mix with each other, and then be re-diverted. This cycle continues.

2. The apparatus for preparing highly efficient biodegradable fluorosurfactants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first reaction channel (8) is provided with an inlet channel (88) and an outlet channel (89) at its two ends respectively. The inlet channel (88) and the outlet channel (89) are provided with an inlet hole (881) and an outlet hole (891) at their ends respectively. The inlet hole (881) and the outlet hole (891) are symmetrically distributed on the first reaction plate (5).

3. The reaction apparatus for preparing highly efficient biodegradable fluorosurfactants according to claim 2, characterized in that, The two first reaction plates (5) in the microchannel reactor are symmetrically arranged such that the position of the liquid outlet (891) of one first reaction plate (5) corresponds to the position of the liquid inlet (881) of the other first reaction plate (5), and the two are connected by a horizontally arranged connecting pipe (52); in addition, the liquid outlet (891) on the other first reaction plate (5) is connected to one end of the series pipe (21), and the other end of the series pipe (21) horizontally penetrates the sealing plate (4) and the outer protective plate (3) and is connected to the liquid inlet (881) of one of the first reaction plates (5) in the adjacent microchannel reactor.

4. The reaction apparatus for preparing highly efficient biodegradable fluorosurfactants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction channels (8) and the second reaction channel (9) are all S-shaped and continuously distributed. The beginning and end of two adjacent rows of reaction channels (81) are connected by an arc-shaped channel (92). The number of reaction channels (81) in each row of the second reaction channel (9) is one less than the number of reaction channels (81) in each row of the first reaction channel (8). The positions of the flow holes at the beginning and end of each row of reaction channels (81) on the first reaction plate (5) correspond to the positions of the arc-shaped channel (92) on the second reaction channel (9). The beginning and end of the second reaction channel (9) are respectively provided with extension channels (91). The position of the extension channel (91) at the beginning corresponds to the position of the flow channel (87) at the first inlet channel (83) in the first reaction channel (8). The position of the extension channel (91) at the end corresponds to the position of the flow channel (87) at the last outlet channel (84) in the first reaction channel (8).

5. The apparatus for preparing highly efficient biodegradable fluorosurfactants according to claim 2, characterized in that, in, The liquid inlet channel (88) on the first reaction plate (5) in the microchannel reactor at the head end is arranged in a Y-shaped bifurcation structure. Each of the two ends of the liquid inlet channel (88) is provided with a liquid inlet hole (881). Each of the two liquid inlet holes (881) is connected to a liquid inlet pipe. The two liquid inlet pipes are respectively connected to a pump and deliver at least two kinds of liquids to the first reaction plate (5).

6. The reaction apparatus for preparing highly efficient biodegradable fluorosurfactants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange plate (7) has symmetrically arranged heat exchange grooves (72) on both sides. Several guide plate assemblies are arranged in the heat exchange grooves (72). The heat exchange grooves (72) have stepped grooves (73) on their inner walls. The size and shape of the heat exchange grooves (72) are adapted to the size and shape of the second reaction plate (6), so that the second reaction plate (6) protrudes from one side of the receiving groove (51), is embedded in the heat exchange groove (72), and is placed on the stepped groove (73). Under the tension of the fasteners, the receiving grooves (51) and the heat exchange grooves (72) on both sides of the second reaction plate (6) are tightly fitted and sealed.

7. The apparatus for preparing highly efficient biodegradable fluorosurfactants according to claim 6, characterized in that, The heat exchange plate (7) has a soft heat insulation layer (71) around its outer wall. The two sides of the heat insulation layer (71) are tightly fitted with the two sealing plates (4), and the outer wall of the heat insulation layer (71) has a notch for accommodating fasteners.

8. The apparatus for preparing highly efficient biodegradable fluorosurfactants according to claim 7, characterized in that, The heat exchange plate (7) has two first interface pipes (74) and two second interface pipes (75) on the outer walls of the upper and lower ends, which are connected to the two ends of the two heat exchange tanks (72) inside. The two first interface pipes (74) and the two second interface pipes (75) penetrate the insulation layer (71) and are respectively connected to the heat source pipe (77) and the cold source pipe (76) set on the crossbeam (11) through the pipes.

9. The reaction apparatus for preparing highly efficient biodegradable fluorosurfactants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet groove (83) and outlet groove (84) are both arc-shaped concave grooves that are adapted to the size and shape of the flow channel (87), which is inclined in the direction of liquid flow.

10. The apparatus for preparing highly efficient biodegradable fluorosurfactants according to claim 8, characterized in that, The guide block (82) has a V-shaped structure on both sides, and the direction of the side walls of the guide block (82) is tangent to the two sides of the circular hole of the crossflow channel (87) at the outlet groove (84).

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