Antenna and method based on directional diagram reconfigurable irregular subarray

Abstract

The invention discloses an antenna and method based on a directional diagram reconfigurable irregular subarray. The antenna comprises antenna units which are horizontally and vertically arranged at equal intervals. The antenna unit is divided into a one-drive-two subarray and a one-drive-three subarray; the one-drive-two subarray comprises two adjacent antenna units; the one-drive-three sub-array comprises three adjacent antenna units which are arranged in a straight line or an L shape. The antenna is low in cost, and the use number of T / R assemblies is far smaller than that of a conventional active phased-array antenna and is only 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of that of a conventional mode; the size of an antenna array surface is consistent with that of a conventional phased array, but the number of used channels is smaller than that of conventional phased array antennas, and the active period density of the rear end of the antenna array surface is greatly reduced, so that devices and signal lines are more loosely arranged, and layout and wiring are facilitated; the space occupied by the active device is reduced, the number of layers of the board is reduced and the thickness is reduced due to the reduction of wires and chips, and the space of the radio frequency part is smaller due to the combination of the two factors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antennas, and more particularly to antennas and methods based on pattern-reconfigurable irregular subarrays. Background Technology

[0002] Antennas are crucial devices for converting guided current in receivers and transmitters into electromagnetic waves in free space, and are one of the fundamental components of wireless communication systems. Because individual antenna elements have limited gain and insufficient directivity, modern communication equipment commonly employs array antennas, where multiple elements work together to improve gain and directivity. Furthermore, by applying a controllable phase shifter to each antenna element in the array, the pointing of the synthesized beam in space can be adjusted as needed; this is the core principle of phased array antennas.

[0003] However, to achieve individual control of the feed amplitude and phase of each element, each antenna element must be equipped with an independent feed channel, mainly including active solid-state transceiver components (T / R components), RF cables, and RF connectors. This significantly increases the cost of multi-channel phased array systems. Among the electronic components used in these RF channels, the T / R components account for the majority of the cost.

[0004] The mainstream structural forms of phased array antennas include brick-type, tile-type, and the highly integrated architecture based on antenna on board (AoB) that has emerged in recent years. With technological advancements, phased array antennas continue to evolve towards higher integration, with AOB structures becoming increasingly prevalent and component layout density constantly increasing. In highly integrated phased array antennas, if each element is equipped with a transceiver (T / R) module at its rear end, and this module is completely confined within the scope of each element, the heat generated by the T / R module will be highly concentrated, posing a severe challenge to the heat dissipation of the phased array antenna. This heat dissipation problem is particularly prominent in the space environment where air is lacking as a heat convection medium.

[0005] Equipping each antenna element with a T / R module not only increases the cost of phased array antennas and exacerbates heat dissipation difficulties, but also significantly increases their size and weight. In the field of spaceborne platforms where phased array antennas are widely used, the need for miniaturization and weight reduction is particularly urgent. Therefore, methods to reduce the use of T / R modules in the array have emerged. Currently, there are two main approaches to achieving this goal, but both have shortcomings: (1) Sparse array scheme A sparse array refers to selectively reducing the number of antenna elements while keeping the physical aperture of the array antenna constant, thereby reducing the number of radio frequency channels used. During the selection of sparse elements, algorithms can be used to optimize the array to minimize grating lobes and maintain its sidelobe suppression capability during scanning. Although the antenna array aperture remains unchanged, the reduction in the number of antenna elements inevitably lowers the utilization efficiency of the array aperture, resulting in a relatively lower gain for sparse arrays of the same aperture.

[0006] (2) Irregular subarray scheme Irregular subarrays refer to a scheme where, based on a conventional phased array antenna, several adjacent antenna elements in the array are connected to the same channel, adopting the same phase and amplitude, thus forming subarrays of varying shapes and sizes. These subarrays are then combined to form an irregular, flexible antenna array. This scheme reduces the number of channels used while breaking the periodicity of the antenna array surface and avoiding the generation of grating lobes, but the phase flexibility between antenna elements is greatly reduced. During wide-angle scanning (scanning off-axis angle greater than 45°), irregular subarrays exhibit faster sidelobe boosting than regular antenna arrays, which limits their application in wide-angle scanning scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an antenna and method based on pattern-reconfigurable irregular subarrays.

[0008] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A first aspect of the present invention provides an antenna based on a pattern-reconfigurable irregular subarray, comprising antenna elements arranged at equal horizontal and vertical intervals; The antenna elements are divided into a one-drive-two-subarray and a one-drive-three-subarray; the one-drive-two-subarray includes two adjacent antenna elements; the one-drive-three-subarray includes three adjacent antenna elements, arranged in a straight line or in an L-shape.

[0009] Furthermore, the one-drive two-subarray and one-drive three-subarray use phase shifters with three displacement phase values, corresponding to +X°, 0°, and -X° respectively, and the value of X is calculated from the maximum scanning angle of the array.

[0010] Furthermore, in the one-drive two-subarray, one antenna element is directly connected to the radio frequency channel as a reference, and the other antenna element is connected to the radio frequency channel through a phase shifter; The antenna unit in the middle of the three-subarray is directly connected to the radio frequency channel, while the antenna units on both sides are connected to the radio frequency channel through phase shifters.

[0011] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for generating an antenna array based on a pattern-reconfigurable irregular subarray as described in the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps: S101: Determine the maximum range of the antenna array, and determine the number of one-drive two-subarrays x and the number of one-drive three-subarrays y to be used in the array; S102: Encode the array space into a two-dimensional array of equal size, and initially set all values ​​of the array to 0; S103: Randomly mark the number of n positions in the array as 1, where n = x + y * 1.5 and rounded up; S104: For each position marked as 1, find a position with a value of 0 around it and pair it with it. Change the two paired positions to p. p is initially 2. The value of p is incremented by one each time it is marked. S105: If there are unmatchable results, return to S103 to reinitialize the array; S106: After obtaining the fully paired array, randomly select one of the two-sub-one drive arrays for pairing without repeating the selection until a pairing of one-sub-one drive arrays is selected and is adjacent to two other pairs of one-sub-one drive arrays without any gap. Then split it and add it to the two adjacent pairs of one-sub-one drive arrays respectively. If there are multiple adjacent pairs of one-sub-one drive arrays, randomly assign them to two of them. S107: Repeat S106 until the number of one-drive three-sub arrays meets the requirement; if the number of one-drive three-sub arrays is still insufficient and all remaining one-drive two-sub arrays do not have two adjacent one-drive two-sub arrays, then return to step S103. S108: Count the remaining number of one-drive two-sub arrays. If the number of one-drive two-sub arrays is 1 more than required due to the rounding up in step S103, then randomly select a one-drive two-sub array position and set it to 0, i.e., blank.

[0012] A third aspect of the present invention provides a method for calculating the radiation pattern of an antenna based on a pattern-reconfigurable irregular subarray as described in the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps: S201: Simulate the structure of the antenna element, the one-drive two-subarray, and the one-drive three-subarray respectively using electromagnetic simulation software to obtain the far-field radiation pattern results of the antenna element, the one-drive two-subarray, and the one-drive three-subarray. S202: Independently calculate the combined array factor for each antenna element, one-to-two subarray, and one-to-three subarray, and multiply it by the element radiation pattern or subarray radiation pattern. The calculation formula is as follows: in, N represents the number of each computational structure, k is the wavenumber, and d is the element spacing. The off-axis angle of the antenna scan. The phase difference between adjacent antenna elements. The current amplitude of the excitation unit, It can be a single-cell radiation pattern or a multi-subarray radiation pattern.

[0013] S203: By adding the results of the antenna elements, the one-drive two-subarray, and the one-drive three-subarray in S202, the radiation pattern of the entire array is obtained.

[0014] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a method for calculating the phase shift position of an antenna based on a pattern-reconfigurable irregular subarray as described in the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps: S301: During array scanning, the theoretical phase difference between two adjacent cells is... ; d is the unit spacing, This parameter represents the phase shift difference ratio, used to adjust the direction of the subarray radiation pattern; the default value is 1. To calculate the wavelength of the frequency point; S302: The theoretical phase difference is divided into two cases: between horizontal units (y-axis) and between vertical units (x-axis). Between horizontal units: ; Between vertical units: ; in This is the rotation angle for antenna scanning; S303: If the antenna only scans along the axis to the maximum angle Then the phase shift position X of the antenna p represents the phase difference ratio parameter, used to adjust the subarray pattern direction, with a default value of 1; the value of X is adjusted after calculation based on the scanning pattern. If the antenna scans to the maximum angle in all directions Then the value of X is in The value of X is adjusted based on the radiation pattern results after calculation.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the antenna element is divided into a one-drive two-subarray and a one-drive three-subarray, which has the following advantages: (1) Low cost: The number of T / R components used is much smaller than that of conventional active phased array antennas, only 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of that of conventional methods; (2) Easy layout: The antenna array size is the same as that of conventional phased arrays, but the number of channels used is less than that of conventional phased array antennas, and the active channel density at the rear end of the antenna array is greatly reduced, so the arrangement of devices and signal lines is more spacious and convenient for layout and wiring; (3) Small space: The space occupied by active devices is reduced, and the number of wiring and chips is reduced, resulting in a reduction in the number of board layers and thickness; the combination of the two factors makes the space of the RF part smaller; (4) Less heat generation and easier heat dissipation: The reduction of active channels used in the phased array reduces the total number of active devices to 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of that of conventional phased array antennas, and the total heat generation of the array is reduced accordingly. At the same time, the reduction in device density makes it easier to set heat pipes or heat sinks under the array, which is more conducive to device heat dissipation. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an antenna based on a pattern-reconfigurable irregular subarray, provided as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a conventional equal-phase one-drive-multiple scheme in the prior art; Figure 3 A scanning direction pattern provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Comparison of two scanning schemes provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a phase shifter for a single-drive two-subarray provided as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a phase shifter for a three-subarray driven by a single driver, provided as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a phase shifter for a three-subarray driven by a single driver, provided as another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 A schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between phase application and scanning direction within a single-drive two-subarray, provided as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 A schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between phase application and scanning direction within a single-drive three-subarray, provided as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 A flowchart illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the present invention for generating an antenna array based on a pattern-reconfigurable irregular subarray; Figure 11 A flowchart illustrating a method for calculating the radiation pattern of an antenna based on a pattern-reconfigurable irregular subarray, provided as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 A flowchart illustrating a phase shift calculation method for an antenna based on a pattern-reconfigurable irregular subarray, provided as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; In the diagram, 1-antenna element, 2-one-drive two-subarray, 3-one-drive three-subarray. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0018] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an antenna based on a pattern reconfigurable irregular subarray provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown, including antenna elements 1 arranged at equal horizontal and vertical intervals; The antenna element 1 is divided into a two-subarray 2 and a three-subarray 3; the two-subarray 2 includes two adjacent antenna elements 1; the three-subarray 3 includes three adjacent antenna elements 1, arranged in a straight line or in an L-shape.

[0019] Specifically, in this exemplary embodiment, antenna element 1 is divided into a one-drive two-subarray 2 and a one-drive three-subarray 3. During the division process, a single un-driven idle element is allowed. In the one-drive two-subarray 2, every two antenna elements 1 are controlled by one drive; in the one-drive three-subarray 3, every three antenna elements 1 are controlled by one drive. This has the following advantages: (1) Low cost: The number of T / R components used is much smaller than that of conventional active phased array antennas, only 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of that of conventional methods; (2) Easy layout: The antenna array size is the same as that of conventional phased arrays, but the number of channels used is less than that of conventional phased array antennas. The active channel density at the rear of the antenna array is greatly reduced, so the arrangement of devices and signal lines is more spacious and convenient for layout and routing; (3) Small space: The space occupied by active devices is reduced, and the number of traces and chips reduces the number of board layers and the thickness; the combination of these two factors makes the space of the RF section smaller; (4) Less heat generation and easier heat dissipation: The reduction of active channels used in the phased array reduces the total number of active devices to 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of that of conventional phased array antennas, and the total heat generation of the array is reduced accordingly. At the same time, the reduction in device density makes it easier to set up heat pipes or heat sinks under the array, which is more conducive to device heat dissipation.

[0020] It should be noted that, in order to minimize the number of antenna channels, the design aims to maximize the average number of elements within the subarray. However, using only one-to-three subarrays would severely degrade the scanning capability of the antenna array. Therefore, a compromise was adopted in the array design, combining one-to-two subarrays (2) and one-to-three subarrays (3). Simultaneously, the overall shape of the antenna array is approximately polygonal or circular. Figure 1 It is a quadrilateral.

[0021] More preferably, in an exemplary embodiment, the one-drive two-subarray 2 and the one-drive three-subarray 3 use phase shifters with three displacement phase values, corresponding to +X°, 0°, and -X° respectively, where the value of X is calculated from the maximum scanning angle of the array.

[0022] Specifically, in this exemplary embodiment, as Figure 1 As shown, the antenna is entirely composed of a one-drive two-subarray 2 and a one-drive three-subarray 3. The darkest color represents the horizontal one-drive two-subarray 2, the next darkest is the one-drive three-subarray 3, and the lightest color is the vertical one-drive two-subarray 2. When using this array configuration, the large-angle scanning patterns obtained by using conventional equal-phase one-drive multi-feed and the reconfigurable feeding scheme of this exemplary embodiment (with the phase shifter's phase shift setting X set to 110°) are shown below. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, when the conventional equal-phase multi-array scanning reaches 45°, the sidelobe suppression index is -9.49 dBc. However, after adopting the method of this exemplary embodiment, the sidelobe suppression value changes to -11.94 dBc, and the sidelobe suppression index is improved by about 2.5 dB, which is a very significant improvement.

[0023] Figure 4 A comparison of the off-axis 45° scanning patterns for the two scanning schemes shows that the array scanning pointing angle is larger after adding the phase shifter in this exemplary embodiment. Peak value statistics show that the beam peak pointing angle of the conventional equal-phase feeding scheme is 44.25°, while the beam peak pointing angle of this exemplary embodiment is 45°. This demonstrates that the pointing angle of this exemplary embodiment is closer to the ideal pointing direction of the phased array, resulting in more precise pointing.

[0024] In addition, compared to some existing technologies that have phase shifters, although the number of phase shifters has not been reduced, one-third to one-half of the phase shifters have been changed to phase shifters with only three fixed positions. Its complexity and cost are far less than the multi-position phase shifters used in conventional phased array antennas.

[0025] More preferably, in an exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, in the one-drive two-subarray 2, one antenna element 1 is directly connected to the radio frequency channel as a reference, and the other antenna element 1 is connected to the radio frequency channel through a phase shifter; like Figure 6and Figure 7 As shown, the antenna unit 1 in the middle of the three-subarray 3 is directly connected to the radio frequency channel, and the antenna units 1 on both sides are connected to the radio frequency channel through phase shifters.

[0026] Specifically, in this exemplary embodiment, a method for adding phase shifters within a subarray is disclosed. When the phase shifter is set to the non-phase-shifting position, the phases of each antenna element 1 within the subarray are the same. The phases of antennas directly connected to the RF channel without a phase shifter are not changed by the phase shifter and are considered as reference 0°. More specifically, for a one-drive-two-subarray 2, the phase relationship during scanning is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the phase shifter position between the two units in the two-subarray 2 will only change and the phase difference applied when the projection value of the vector in the scanning angle direction reaches a certain magnitude. The relationship between phase application and scanning direction in the three-subarray 3 is as follows: Figure 9 As shown, the principle is the same as that of the one-drive two-subarray 2, and will not be repeated here. This exemplary embodiment, while maintaining the advantages of irregular subarrays, introduces phase shifters inside the subarrays to realize the reconfigurable subarray radiation pattern, thereby optimizing the scanning performance of the array at large angles.

[0027] It should be noted that in some existing technologies, in a one-to-two array configuration, the phase shifter is connected to a common link between the two antenna elements 1, and the phase change of the phase shifter acts simultaneously on both antenna elements, resulting in identical phases. However, in this exemplary embodiment, the phase shifter is applied between the two antenna elements 1 to adjust the phase difference between them. The phase between each antenna element 1 within the subarray can be flexibly adjusted.

[0028] Simultaneously, during large-angle array scanning, the subarray pattern changes by altering the phase shifter state, improving scan drop and sidelobe suppression. Specifically, the peak value of the synthesized subarray pattern formed by two ideal elements with identical excitation phase and amplitude, both pointing towards the normal phase, also points towards the normal phase. When a phase difference exists between these two antenna elements, the peak value shifts towards the pattern with the smaller phase. This is because during pattern synthesis, the surfaces with the same phase in both elements need to shift by a path difference to compensate for the difference in excitation phase. Beam pointing is related to element spacing, signal frequency, and phase difference, expressed by the formula: sinθ = λ / d * Δϕ / 2π, where λ is the wavelength, d is the element spacing, and Δϕ is the phase difference between adjacent elements. When the element pattern shifts towards the scanning direction, the element pattern gain at the scanning angle increases, while the gain at the opposite angle decreases. Therefore, the main lobe peak gain increases, while the grating lobe and sidelobe values ​​in the opposite direction decrease, thus improving scan drop and sidelobe suppression.

[0029] See Figure 10 , Figure 10 An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown as provided in the example. Figure 1 The method for generating an antenna array based on a pattern-reconfigurable irregular subarray includes the following steps: S101: Determine the maximum range of the antenna array, and determine the number of one-drive two-subarrays 2 and the number of one-drive three-subarrays 3 to be used in the array; S102: Encode the array space into a two-dimensional array of equal size, and initially set all values ​​of the array to 0; S103: Randomly mark the number of n positions in the array as 1, where n = x + y * 1.5 and rounded up; S104: For each position marked as 1, find a position with a value of 0 around it and pair it with it. Change the two paired positions to p. p is initially 2. The value of p is incremented by one each time it is marked. S105: If there are unmatchable results, return to S103 to reinitialize the array; S106: After obtaining the fully paired array, randomly select one of the two-sub-array pairs and do not select repeatedly until a one-sub-array pair is selected and is adjacent to two other one-sub-array pairs without any gap. Then split it and add it to the two adjacent one-sub-array pairs respectively. If there are multiple adjacent one-sub-array pairs, randomly assign them to two of them. S107: Repeat S106 until the number of one-drive three-sub arrays 3 meets the requirements; if the number of one-drive three-sub arrays 3 is still insufficient and all remaining one-drive two-sub arrays 2 do not have two adjacent one-drive two-sub arrays 2, then return to step S103. S108: Count the remaining number of 1-drive-2 sub-arrays 2. If the number of 1-drive-2 sub-arrays 2 is 1 more than the requirement due to the rounding up in step S103, then randomly select a 1-drive-2 sub-array 2 position and set it to 0, i.e., blank.

[0030] Specifically, this exemplary embodiment provides a method for generating an antenna array based on an irregular subarray with reconfigurable radiation patterns. It should be noted that a better array structure can be obtained after generation based on subsequent parameter calculations.

[0031] See Figure 11 , Figure 11 An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown as provided in the example. Figure 1 The method for calculating the radiation pattern of an antenna based on a pattern-reconfigurable irregular subarray includes the following steps: S201: Simulate the structure of antenna element 1, one-drive two-subarray 2, and one-drive three-subarray 3 respectively using electromagnetic simulation software to obtain the far-field radiation pattern results of antenna element 1, one-drive two-subarray 2, and one-drive three-subarray 3. S202: Independently calculate the combined array factor for each type of antenna element 1, one-drive two-subarray 2, and one-drive three-subarray 3, and multiply it by the element radiation pattern or subarray radiation pattern. The calculation formula is as follows: in, N represents the number of each computational structure, k is the wavenumber, and d is the element spacing. The off-axis angle of the antenna scan. The phase difference between adjacent antenna elements. The current amplitude of the excitation unit, It can be a single-cell radiation pattern or a multi-subarray radiation pattern.

[0032] S203: By adding the results of antenna element 1, one-drive two-subarray 2, and one-drive three-subarray 3 in S202, the radiation pattern result of the entire array is obtained.

[0033] See Figure 12 , Figure 12 An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown as provided in the example. Figure 1 The method for calculating the phase shift position of an antenna based on a pattern-reconfigurable irregular subarray includes the following steps: S301: During array scanning, the theoretical phase difference between two adjacent cells is... ; d is the unit spacing, The off-axis angle of the antenna scan. To calculate the wavelength of the frequency point; S302: The theoretical phase difference is divided into two cases: between horizontal units (y-axis) and between vertical units (x-axis). Between horizontal units: ; Between vertical units: ; in This is the rotation angle for antenna scanning; S303: If the antenna only scans along the axis to the maximum angle Then the phase shift position X of the antenna p represents the phase difference ratio parameter, used to adjust the subarray pattern direction, with a default value of 1; the value of X is adjusted after calculation based on the scanning pattern. If the antenna scans to the maximum angle in all directions Then the value of X is in The value of X is adjusted based on the radiation pattern results after calculation.

[0034] It should be noted that this exemplary embodiment can calculate the theoretical X-angle magnitude, and then utilize... Figure 11The array's radiation pattern is simulated using this method. Afterwards, the optimal switching angle for the radiation pattern when the phase shifter's position is adjusted from 0° to +X° can be calculated and compared.

[0035] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. An antenna based on a pattern-reconfigurable irregular subarray, characterized in that: Includes antenna elements arranged at equal horizontal and vertical intervals; The antenna elements are divided into a one-drive-two-subarray and a one-drive-three-subarray; the one-drive-two-subarray includes two adjacent antenna elements; the one-drive-three-subarray includes three adjacent antenna elements, arranged in a straight line or in an L-shape.

2. The antenna based on a pattern-reconfigurable irregular subarray according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-drive two-subarray and one-drive three-subarray use phase shifters with three-level displacement phase values, corresponding to +X°, 0°, and -X° respectively. The value of X is calculated from the maximum scanning angle of the array.

3. The antenna based on a pattern-reconfigurable irregular subarray according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the one-drive two-subarray, one antenna element is directly connected to the radio frequency channel as a reference, and the other antenna element is connected to the radio frequency channel through a phase shifter. The antenna unit in the middle of the three-subarray is directly connected to the radio frequency channel, while the antenna units on both sides are connected to the radio frequency channel through phase shifters.

4. The method for generating an antenna array based on a pattern-reconfigurable irregular subarray as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S101: Determine the maximum range of the antenna array, and determine the number of one-drive two-subarrays x and the number of one-drive three-subarrays y to be used in the array; S102: Encode the array space into a two-dimensional array of equal size, and initially set all values ​​of the array to 0; S103: Randomly mark the number of n positions in the array as 1, where n = x + y * 1.5 and rounded up; S104: For each position marked as 1, find a position with a value of 0 around it and pair it with it. Change the two paired positions to p. p is initially 2. The value of p is incremented by one each time it is marked. S105: If there are unmatchable results, return to S103 to reinitialize the array; S106: After obtaining the fully paired array, randomly select one of the two-sub-one drive arrays for pairing without repeating the selection until a pairing of one-sub-one drive arrays is selected and is adjacent to two other pairs of one-sub-one drive arrays without any gap. Then split it and add it to the two adjacent pairs of one-sub-one drive arrays respectively. If there are multiple adjacent pairs of one-sub-one drive arrays, randomly assign them to two of them. S107: Repeat S106 until the number of one-drive three-sub arrays meets the requirement; if the number of one-drive three-sub arrays is still insufficient and all remaining one-drive two-sub arrays do not have two adjacent one-drive two-sub arrays, then return to step S103. S108: Count the remaining number of one-drive two-sub arrays. If the number of one-drive two-sub arrays is 1 more than required due to the rounding up in step S103, then randomly select a one-drive two-sub array position and set it to 0, i.e., blank.

5. The method for calculating the radiation pattern of an antenna based on a pattern-reconfigurable irregular subarray as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S201: Simulate the structure of the antenna element, the one-drive two-subarray, and the one-drive three-subarray respectively using electromagnetic simulation software to obtain the far-field radiation pattern results of the antenna element, the one-drive two-subarray, and the one-drive three-subarray. S202: Independently calculate the combined array factor for each antenna element, one-to-two subarray, and one-to-three subarray, and multiply it by the element radiation pattern or subarray radiation pattern. The calculation formula is as follows: ； in, N represents the number of each computational structure, k is the wavenumber, and d is the element spacing. For the off-axis angle of antenna scanning, The phase difference between adjacent antenna elements. The current amplitude of the excitation unit, This refers to a single-cell radiation pattern or a one-drive-multiple-subarray radiation pattern. S203: By adding the results of the antenna elements, the one-drive two-subarray, and the one-drive three-subarray in S202, the radiation pattern of the entire array is obtained.

6. The method for calculating the phase shift position of an antenna based on a pattern-reconfigurable irregular subarray as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S301: During array scanning, the theoretical phase difference between two adjacent cells is... ; d is the unit spacing, The off-axis angle of the antenna scan. To calculate the wavelength of the frequency point; S302: The theoretical phase difference is divided into two cases: between horizontal units (y-axis) and between vertical units (x-axis). Between horizontal units: ; Between vertical units: ; in This is the rotation angle for antenna scanning; S303: If the antenna only scans along the axis to the maximum angle Then the phase shift position X of the antenna p represents the phase difference ratio parameter, used to adjust the subarray pattern direction, with a default value of 1; the value of X is adjusted after calculation based on the scanning pattern. If the antenna scans to the maximum angle in all directions Then the value of X is in The value of X is adjusted based on the radiation pattern results after calculation.

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