Wave energy collecting and converting device and ocean monitoring equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a wave energy collection and conversion device and ocean monitoring equipment, the wave energy collection and conversion device comprises a floating body, a rotor, an outer shell and a friction electricity module, a cavity is formed in the floating body in the direction from the top to the bottom, a rotor track and a counterweight ball track are arranged on the inner wall of the cavity, and the periphery of the rotor slides in the rotor track; a counterweight ball rolling in a counterweight ball track is arranged on the side surface, the outer shell is embedded in the rotor, a rolling shell is arranged in the outer shell in a sliding manner, a channel is arranged in the rolling shell, and a rolling ball is arranged in the channel; the friction electricity module is arranged on the inner wall of the outer shell, when the floating body is impacted by waves and starts to swing, the balance weight ball starts to roll along the balance weight ball rail so that the rotor starts to rotate, the floating body can receive wave impacts in different directions, the rotor drives the rolling ball in the channel through the balance weight ball by means of swing of the floating body, and the friction electricity module is arranged on the inner wall of the outer shell. Dispersed and disordered energy of ocean waves is collected and arranged into concentrated and directional mechanical excitation suitable for power generation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine renewable energy technology, specifically a wave energy harvesting and conversion device and a marine monitoring equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Oceans cover over 70% of the Earth's surface, containing a vast and widely distributed renewable energy source: wave energy. It is estimated that the theoretical global wave energy potential exceeds 2 terawatts (TW), equivalent to dozens of times the current global electricity consumption. Compared to solar and wind power, wave energy has higher energy density and better predictability, possessing unique strategic value for power supply in coastal areas, island regions, and offshore facilities. Developing and utilizing wave energy is of great significance for optimizing the energy structure and ensuring energy security. Currently, various wave energy conversion technologies based on principles such as oscillating water columns, oscillating buoys, and wave overtaking have been initially explored, marking the transition of wave energy development and utilization from conceptual research to engineering demonstration.

[0003] Waves in the ocean exhibit high randomness, with their direction, frequency, and energy constantly changing. Existing power generation devices, such as oscillating water jets or unidirectional point absorbers, often respond best to waves of a specific direction or frequency. When the wave direction deviates from its designed main direction, the energy capture efficiency drops sharply. This highly directional sensitivity severely limits their overall performance in omnidirectional wave environments, making it difficult to efficiently capture the variable wave energy from all directions. Moreover, complex mechanical transmission systems attempting to adapt to multidirectional wave motion often result in structural complexity, reduced reliability, and increased maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a wave energy harvesting and conversion device and a marine monitoring device to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is: A wave energy harvesting and conversion device includes: a float with a cavity extending from its top to its bottom; a rotor track and a counterweight ball track on the inner wall of the cavity, the counterweight ball track being located above the rotor track; a rotor, a disc structure sliding around its circumference in the rotor track, with a counterweight ball mounted on the side of the rotor via a bracket, the counterweight ball rolling in the counterweight ball track; an outer shell, hollow inside, embedded within the rotor, with a rolling shell slidingly disposed inside the outer shell, a channel inside the rolling shell containing a rolling ball, the rolling direction of the rolling ball being consistent with the sliding direction of the rolling shell, and the line connecting the center of the counterweight ball and the center of the rotor being parallel to the channel; and a triboelectric module disposed on the inner wall of the outer shell, located on the sliding track of the rolling shell, generating electricity through friction after impact by the rolling shell, the triboelectric module being externally connected to an energy management module. After being impacted by waves, the floating body can generate complex multi-degree-of-freedom motion. When the floating body oscillates in multiple directions under the action of waves, the counterweight ball set on one side of the rotor begins to roll along the counterweight ball track, so that the rotor starts to rotate. At this time, due to the rotation of the rotor, the channel of the rolling shell begins to tilt, causing the rolling ball in the channel to start rolling. By utilizing the acceleration change of the counterweight ball on the counterweight ball track, the rotation of the rotor provides a large driving force to the rolling ball in the channel, enabling it to use this driving force to strike the triboelectric module to generate electricity. The floating body can receive wave impacts from different directions, and the rotor drives the rolling ball in the channel through the counterweight ball using the oscillation of the floating body. This gathers and organizes the dispersed and disordered energy of the ocean waves into a concentrated and directional mechanical excitation suitable for power generation.

[0006] Furthermore, the triboelectric module includes: a first substrate, which is a J-shaped plate with two straight plates and an arc-shaped segment connecting the two straight plates. A first copper film is attached to the first straight plate, and a second copper film is attached to the second straight plate. A polytetrafluoroethylene film is attached to the first copper film. The first and second copper films are arranged opposite to each other and are respectively connected to the negative and positive terminals of an external circuit; a second substrate, on which a third copper film is attached, one end of which extends to the other side of the second substrate, opposite to the second copper film; and a thin-film spring, one end of which is connected to the first straight plate of the first substrate and the other end of which is connected to the second substrate. The dispersed and disordered ocean wave energy is converted into directional mechanical excitation and acts on the triboelectric module. The triboelectric module can efficiently convert each mechanical excitation into a complete electrical pulse, improving the energy conversion efficiency within a single cycle, thereby greatly improving the overall power generation efficiency of the device.

[0007] Furthermore, the rolling shell has multiple channels arranged in parallel, each containing a rolling ball. These rolling balls disperse and amplify the wave's kinetic energy, amplifying its pushing effect on the rolling shell, making its sliding more frequent and powerful. This, in turn, triggers the triboelectric module at a higher frequency and more violently, directly increasing the power generation per unit time. Moreover, even when wave direction is variable or intensity is uneven, the multiple rolling balls ensure that at least some respond to the excitation, maintaining power generation stability.

[0008] Furthermore, the rolling housing has protective pads on its side impacting the triboelectric module, and buffer pads are provided at both ends of the channel. The protective pads on the impact surface of the rolling housing effectively buffer the impact, preventing fatigue damage to the flexible film and sensitive coating of the triboelectric module due to long-term hard impacts. This ensures the triboelectric module maintains optimal operating conditions, maintains optimal wave energy conversion efficiency, and improves power generation stability. The buffer pads at both ends of the channel absorb the impact energy from the ends of the rolling balls, avoiding hard impact damage between the rolling balls and the channel, while also reducing operating noise and improving the overall durability of the device.

[0009] Furthermore, the rolling housing is slidably connected to the inner wall of the outer casing via a sliding assembly. The sliding assembly includes: multiple rollers, respectively mounted on the top and bottom of the rolling housing via auxiliary frames; and multiple roller channels, respectively mounted on the top and bottom inner walls of the outer casing, corresponding one-to-one with each roller. The rollers roll within these roller channels. The interaction between the rollers and the roller channels converts sliding friction into rolling friction, significantly reducing energy loss and mechanical wear during the rolling housing's movement, ensuring its trajectory is precisely aligned with the triboelectric module, thereby improving energy capture efficiency. Furthermore, the rollers at both the top and bottom of the rolling housing, along with the roller channels on the top and bottom inner walls of the outer casing, form a stable support, effectively preventing the rolling housing from deflecting or jamming during movement.

[0010] Furthermore, each roller is fitted with a collar, which is located at the center of the roller's rolling surface. Each roller channel has a collar rolling groove along its length, located at the center of the roller channel's surface. The cooperation between the collar and the collar rolling groove confines the roller within the roller channel and allows it to roll stably back and forth along the channel. This effectively avoids the impact of lateral forces generated by the violent swaying of the float on the roller, reducing energy consumption within the roller channel in complex marine environments. This ensures that more wave energy from directional mechanical excitation can be effectively transferred to the triboelectric module, reducing energy dissipation during the transmission of directional mechanical excitation.

[0011] Furthermore, the bottom of the float is configured as a hemispherical structure, with the spherical surface of the hemispherical structure for contact with the water. A conical concave surface is formed inward from the chamber towards the interior of the hemispherical structure. The bottom of the rotor is provided with a cone, which rotatably fits within the conical concave surface. Multiple annular grooves are formed on both the cone and the concave surface, with the bottom of each annular groove having an arc-shaped bottom. Multiple ball bearings roll between two annular grooves at the same height. This provides stable and self-aligning radial and axial support for the rotor. Combined with the annular grooves and ball bearings, sliding friction is converted into rolling friction, making the rotor rotate more flexibly. This significantly improves the float's response to weak waves, enabling the device to start generating electricity in both small and large wave environments, thereby broadening the conditions for the device to generate electricity and increasing the amount of wave energy converted.

[0012] Furthermore, the hemispherical structure is provided with an energy collection component on its periphery. The energy collection component includes multiple energy trapping fins arranged in a ring array. Each energy trapping fin is a radially protruding wedge structure. The wedge structure starts from the radial guide edge located at its leading edge. The arc-shaped curved surfaces on both sides of the guide edge extend in a direction away from the center of the hemispherical structure to form a broad tail. Adjacent energy trapping fins are connected by a smooth transition surface to form a continuous and unified outer edge.

[0013] The curved surface of the energy-capturing fins begins with a sharp leading edge at its foremost point and extends smoothly and continuously towards the tail, forming a broad tail. This efficiently converts the impact and vortex forces of waves into the buoy's rocking torque, enabling it to actively cleave through waves and induce flow separation, generating powerful vortices. Furthermore, the ring-shaped array of energy-capturing fins actively impacts and captures wave energy from any direction. By forcibly generating vortices and increasing hydrodynamic damping, it significantly enhances the buoy's motion response. The smooth transition surface smoothly guides the water flow from one energy-capturing fin to adjacent areas, preventing energy loss in turbulent flow. It also integrates the local forces acting on each energy-capturing fin into a coordinated resultant force that propels the buoy's overall motion, allowing for larger and more coordinated rocking movements. This increases the frequency at which the rolling hull triggers the triboelectric module, thereby improving power generation efficiency.

[0014] The radius of curvature R of the guide edge is 1mm≤R≤5mm, and the guide edge angle is 10°~30°. This ensures that the water flow is split by the guide edge at the moment of impact and guided to the arc-shaped curved surfaces on both sides, thereby increasing the initial impact force of wave energy on the buoy and laying the energy foundation for the subsequent wave energy to generate a larger mechanical excitation frequency, thus improving the power generation efficiency of the device.

[0015] A marine monitoring device includes multiple wave energy harvesting and conversion devices as described above, and further includes: a base with base fixing plates at both ends, fixed to a marine working platform below the sea surface via the base fixing plates; multiple telescopic sleeves vertically mounted on the base; an energy management module for storing and outputting electrical energy is mounted on the base and electrically connected to the power system of the monitoring device; and a connecting component including: a ball-and-socket structure embedded in the bottom of a float; a ball head that matches the ball-and-socket structure, rotatably confined within the ball-and-socket structure, and the ball head rod connected to the telescopic ends of the telescopic sleeves. Through the combination of the ball head, the ball-and-socket structure, and the telescopic sleeves, the horizontal displacement of the float is constrained while allowing it to rise and fall freely with the water level and swing in multiple directions, ensuring stable operation of the power generation unit under various tidal and wave conditions and providing continuous energy for the monitoring device.

[0016] The base fixing plate is perpendicular to the base, and the height of the base on the base fixing plate is adjustable. The adjustable base height facilitates adaptation to different installation platforms and water depths; furthermore, each power generation device is installed independently, greatly simplifying system deployment, maintenance, and expansion.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The float of this invention, after being impacted by waves, can generate complex multi-degree-of-freedom motion. When the float oscillates in multiple directions under the action of waves, a counterweight ball located on one side of the rotor begins to roll along its track, causing the rotor to rotate. At this time, the rotation of the rotor causes the channel of the rolling shell to tilt, causing the rolling ball within the channel to start rolling. Utilizing the acceleration change of the counterweight ball along its track, the rotation of the rotor provides a greater driving force to the rolling ball within the channel, enabling it to strike the triboelectric module and generate electricity. The float of this invention can receive wave impacts from different directions, and the rotor, through the counterweight ball, uses the oscillation of the float to drive the rolling ball within the channel, thus collecting and organizing the dispersed and disordered energy of ocean waves into a concentrated and directional mechanical excitation suitable for power generation.

[0018] The hemispherical structure of this invention is equipped with an energy collection component on its periphery. The energy collection component includes multiple energy-capturing fins arranged in a ring array. Each energy-capturing fin is a radially protruding wedge-shaped structure. The arc-shaped surface of the energy-capturing fin starts from its sharp leading edge at the front end and extends smoothly and continuously towards the tail, forming a broad tail. In this way, the impact force and vortex force of the waves are efficiently converted into the buoyancy torque of the float. It can actively cut into the waves and induce flow separation, generating powerful vortices. Moreover, the ring array of energy-capturing fins can actively impact and capture wave energy from any direction. By forcibly generating vortices and increasing hydrodynamic damping, the motion response of the float is significantly enhanced. The smooth transition surface smoothly guides the water flow from one energy-capturing fin to the adjacent area, avoiding energy loss in the chaotic turbulence. It also integrates the local forces on each energy-capturing fin into a coordinated resultant force that propels the overall motion of the float, enabling the float to perform a larger and more coordinated swaying motion, thereby increasing the frequency of the rolling shell triggering the triboelectric module and thus improving the power generation efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a wave energy harvesting and conversion device.

[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Top view of the structural diagram of section aa.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the triboelectric module structure.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a wave energy harvesting and conversion device.

[0023] Figure 5 for Figure 4 An enlarged view of the structural diagram of the central A region.

[0024] Figure 6 A side view of the internal structure of a wave energy harvesting and conversion device.

[0025] Figure 7 A bottom view of the conical structure of a wave energy harvesting and conversion device.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a side view of the internal structure of the wave energy harvesting and conversion device in Example 2.

[0027] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Top view of the structural diagram of the bb section.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the base, telescopic sleeve, and connecting components of a marine monitoring device.

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of wave energy harvesting and conversion devices on the base of a marine monitoring device.

[0030] Among them, 1. Float, 11. Hemispherical structure, 111. Conical concave surface, 112. Spherical cup structure, 12. Cover, 121. Sealing strip, 13. Counterweight ball track, 14. Rotor track, 2. Rotor, 21. Counterweight ball, 22. Cone, 221. Annular channel, 222. Ball bearing, 3. Outer shell, 4. Rolling shell, 41. Channel, 42. Rolling ball, 43. Buffer pad, 44. Protective pad, 5. Triboelectric module, 51. First substrate, 511. First copper film. 512. Polytetrafluoroethylene film; 513. Second copper film; 514. Arc segment; 52. Second substrate; 521. Third copper film; 53. Membrane spring; 54. Mounting plate; 6. Sliding assembly; 61. Roller; 62. Collar; 63. Roller channel; 7. Energy collection assembly; 71. Energy capture fin; 711. Guide edge; 712. Arc surface; 72. Transition surface; 8. Ball head; 9. Telescopic sleeve; 10. Base; 101. Energy management module; 102. Base fixing plate. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The following is combined Figures 1 to 11 The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0032] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; in the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0033] Example 1 like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a wave energy harvesting and conversion device includes: a float 1, a rotor 2, an outer shell 3, and a triboelectric module 5. The float 1 has a chamber extending from its top to its bottom. The inner wall of the chamber is provided with a rotor track 14 and a counterweight ball track 13, with the counterweight ball track 13 located above the rotor track 14. The rotor 2 has a disc structure and slides around its periphery in the rotor track 14. A counterweight ball 21 is mounted on the side of the rotor 2 via a bracket and rolls in the counterweight ball track 13. The outer shell 3 is hollow and is embedded inside the rotor 2. A rolling shell 4 slides inside the outer shell 3. A channel 41 is opened inside the rolling shell 4, and a rolling ball 42 is placed inside the channel 41. The rolling direction of the rolling ball 42 is the same as the sliding direction of the rolling shell 4, and the line connecting the center of the counterweight ball 21 and the center of the rotor 2 is parallel to the channel 41. The triboelectric module 5 is located on the inner wall of the outer shell 3 and on the sliding track of the rolling shell 4. It generates electricity through friction after being impacted by the rolling shell 4. The triboelectric module 5 is externally connected to an energy management module 101.

[0034] After being impacted by waves, float 1 can generate complex multi-degree-of-freedom motion. When float 1 swings in multiple directions under the action of waves, the counterweight ball 21 set on one side of rotor 2 starts to roll along the track of counterweight ball 21, so that rotor 2 starts to rotate. At this time, due to the rotation of rotor 2, the channel 41 of rolling shell 4 starts to tilt, so that the rolling ball 42 in the channel 41 starts to roll. By utilizing the acceleration change of counterweight ball 21 in the track of counterweight ball 21, the rotation of rotor 2 provides a large driving force to the rolling ball 42 in the channel 41, so that it can use this driving force to hit the triboelectric module 5 to generate electricity. Float 1 can receive wave impacts from different directions, and rotor 2 drives the rolling ball 42 in the channel 41 by using the swing of float 1 through counterweight ball 21, collecting and organizing the dispersed and disordered energy of ocean waves into a concentrated and directional mechanical excitation suitable for power generation.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the chamber of the float 1 is provided with a cover 12, and a sealing strip 121 is provided between the cover 12 and the chamber to form a sealed space in the chamber, so as to avoid the corrosion and damage of seawater to the components inside the chamber, ensure the normal operation of the device, and is suitable for long-term, unattended, harsh marine environment applications.

[0036] like Figure 3As shown, the triboelectric module 5 includes: a first substrate 51, a second substrate 52, and a membrane spring 53. Both the first substrate 51 and the second substrate 52 are made of insulating material. The first substrate 51 is a J-shaped plate, serving as the carrier of the entire structure and the support for the membrane spring. It has two straight plates and an arc-shaped segment 514 connecting the two straight plates. A first copper film 511 is attached to the body of the first straight plate. The first straight plate passes through the mounting plate 54 and the inner wall of the outer casing 3. The first copper film 511 is connected to the negative terminal of the external circuit. A second copper film 513 is attached to the second straight plate and is connected to the positive terminal of the external circuit. A polytetrafluoroethylene film 53 is attached to the first copper film 511. 12. The first copper film 511 and the second copper film 513 are arranged opposite to each other; the second substrate 52 plate serves as the carrier of the movable electrode and is attached with a third copper film 521. One end of the third copper film 521 extends to the other side of the second substrate 52 plate and is opposite to the second copper film 513. The external circuit is connected and disconnected by the contact and separation of the third copper film 521 and the second copper film 513, respectively; one end of the thin film spring 53 is connected to the first straight plate of the first substrate 51 and the other end is connected to the second substrate 52. It is used to provide restoring force and ensure periodic contact and separation movement. The first copper film 511, the second copper film 513 and the third copper film 521 can be made of copper foil double-sided tape.

[0037] When the rolling housing 4 is driven by the rotor 2 and the rolling ball 42, it acts on the second substrate 52, causing the second substrate 52 to move towards the first straight plate position of the first substrate 51. The third copper film 521 makes full contact with the polytetrafluoroethylene film 512. Taking advantage of the large distance between the copper and the polytetrafluoroethylene film 512 in the triboelectric series, electrons are transferred from the copper surface to the polytetrafluoroethylene film 512 surface. This causes the surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene film 512 to become negatively charged, and the third copper film 521 to become positively charged due to the loss of electrons. At this stage, the third copper film 521 and the second copper film 513 separate, the switch is in the open state, and there is no current output from the external circuit.

[0038] When the external force provided by the rolling housing 4 decreases or disappears, the restoring force of the membrane spring 53 begins to pull the second substrate 52 back, causing the third copper film 521 to begin separating from the polytetrafluoroethylene film 512. According to the law of conservation of charge, the negative charge on the polytetrafluoroethylene film 512 and the positive charge on the first copper film 511 are retained after separation, forming a strong potential difference between them, and energy is stored in the form of an electrostatic field. During this stage, the third copper film 521 and the second copper film 513 are still in a separated state, the switch remains open, and there is still no current output from the external circuit.

[0039] As the second substrate 52 continues to rebound, the third copper film 521 completely separates from the polytetrafluoroethylene film 512, and the second copper film 513 on the second substrate 52 comes into contact with the extension of the third copper film 521, and the internal switch is instantly closed.

[0040] After the circuit is turned on, the positive charge on the first copper film 511 and the induced negative charge on the third copper film 521 neutralize each other to form an instantaneous directional current pulse, thereby outputting a DC pulse.

[0041] When the external force provided by the rolling housing 4 is applied to the second base plate 52 again, the internal switch is turned off, preparing for the next cycle.

[0042] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the rolling housing 4 has multiple channels 41 arranged in parallel, and each channel 41 contains a rolling ball 42. These rolling balls 42 disperse and amplify the wave kinetic energy, amplifying its pushing effect on the rolling housing 4, making its sliding more frequent and powerful. This results in a higher frequency and more intense triggering of the triboelectric module 5, directly increasing the power generation per unit time. Furthermore, when the wave direction is variable or the intensity is uneven, the multiple rolling balls 42 ensure that at least some of them respond to the excitation, maintaining power generation stability; simultaneously, they distribute the load on each individual rolling ball 42, improving the overall durability of the system.

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, the rolling housing 4 has a protective pad 44 on its side impacting the triboelectric module 5, and buffer pads 43 are provided at both ends of the channel 41. The protective pad 44 on the impact surface of the rolling housing 4 effectively buffers the impact, preventing fatigue damage to the flexible film and sensitive coating of the triboelectric module 5 due to long-term hard impact. The buffer pads 43 at both ends of the channel 41 absorb the impact energy from the ends of the rolling ball 42, avoiding hard impact damage between the rolling ball 42 and the channel 41, while also reducing operating noise and improving the overall durability of the device.

[0044] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the rolling housing 4 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the outer shell 3 via a sliding assembly 6. The sliding assembly 6 includes multiple rollers 61 and multiple roller channels 63. The multiple rollers 61 are respectively set at the top and bottom of the rolling housing 4 via auxiliary frames. The multiple roller channels 63 are respectively set on the top inner wall and bottom inner wall of the outer shell 3, and are set one-to-one with each roller 61. The rollers 61 roll in the roller channels 63. The cooperation between the rollers 61 and the roller channels 63 converts sliding friction into rolling friction, which greatly reduces the energy loss and mechanical wear of the rolling housing 4 and ensures that its movement trajectory is accurately aligned with the triboelectric module 5. In addition, rollers 61 are set at both the top and bottom of the rolling housing 4, and the roller channels 63 on the top inner wall and bottom inner wall of the outer shell 3 form a stable support for the rolling housing 4, effectively preventing the rolling housing 4 from deflecting or getting stuck during movement.

[0045] like Figure 5As shown, each roller 61 is fitted with a collar 62, which is located in the middle of the rolling surface of the roller 61. Each roller channel 63 has a collar rolling groove along its length, located in the middle of the channel surface. The cooperation between the collar 62 and the collar rolling groove confines the roller 61 within the roller channel 63, effectively resisting lateral impacts or lateral forces generated by the violent swaying of the float 1, greatly improving the system's operational reliability in complex sea conditions.

[0046] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the bottom of the float 1 is configured as a hemispherical structure 11. The spherical surface of the hemispherical structure is used to contact the water. A conical concave surface 111 is formed along the direction from the chamber towards the interior of the hemispherical structure 11. The bottom of the rotor 2 is provided with a cone 22, which is rotatably fitted in the conical concave surface 111. Both the cone 22 and the conical concave surface 111 have multiple annular grooves 221. The bottom of the annular grooves 221 is an arc-shaped surface. Multiple balls 222 roll between two annular grooves 221 located at the same height. The mating structure formed by the conical concave surface 111 and the cone 22 provides stable and self-aligning radial and axial support for the rotor. Combined with the annular grooves 221 and the balls 222, sliding friction is converted into rolling friction, making the rotor 2 rotate more flexibly and respond more sensitively to weak waves.

[0047] Example 2 like Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, unlike Embodiment 1, the hemispherical structure 11 of the wave energy harvesting and conversion device in Embodiment 2 is provided with an energy collection component 7 on its periphery. The energy collection component 7 includes a plurality of energy trapping fins 71 arranged in a ring array. Each energy trapping fin 71 is a radially protruding wedge structure. The wedge structure starts from the radial guide edge 711 located at its leading edge. The arc-shaped curved surfaces 712 on both sides of the guide edge 711 extend in a direction away from the center of the hemispherical structure 11 to form a broad tail. Adjacent energy trapping fins 71 are connected by a smooth transition surface 72 to form a continuous and unified outer edge.

[0048] The arc-shaped curved surface 712 of the energy-capturing fin 71 starts from its sharp leading edge at the front end and extends smoothly and continuously towards the tail, forming a broad tail. In this way, the impact force and vortex force of the waves are efficiently converted into the swaying torque of the float. It can actively cut into the waves and induce flow separation, generating powerful vortices. Moreover, the energy-capturing fins 71 arranged in a ring array can actively impact and capture wave energy from any direction. By forcibly generating vortices and increasing hydrodynamic damping, the motion response of the float 1 is significantly enhanced. The smooth transition surface 72 smoothly guides the water flow from one energy-capturing fin 71 to the adjacent area, avoiding energy loss in the chaotic turbulence. It also integrates the local forces on each energy-capturing fin 71 into a coordinated resultant force that propels the overall motion of the float, so that the float 1 can perform a larger and more coordinated swaying motion, thereby increasing the frequency at which the rolling shell 4 triggers the triboelectric module 5, thereby improving the power generation efficiency.

[0049] The radius of curvature R of the guide edge 711 is 1mm≤R≤5mm, and the guide edge angle of the guide edge 711 is 10°~30°. This ensures that the water flow is split by the guide edge 711 at the moment of impact and guided to both sides.

[0050] like Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, a marine monitoring device includes multiple wave energy harvesting and conversion devices as described above, and further includes: a base 10 and a connecting assembly. The base 10 has base fixing plates 102 at both ends, which are fixed to a marine working platform below the sea surface. Multiple telescopic sleeves 9 are vertically mounted on the base 10. An energy management module 101 is mounted on the base 10 and electrically connected to the power system of the monitoring device. It stores the electrical energy generated by the triboelectric module 5 and outputs electrical energy to the power system of the monitoring device. The connecting assembly includes a ball-and-socket structure 112 and a ball head 8. The ball-and-socket structure 112 is embedded in the bottom of the float 1. The ball head 8, matching the ball-and-socket structure 112, rotates and is confined within the ball-and-socket structure 112. The ball head rod of the ball head 8 is connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic sleeve 9. The combination of the ball head 8, the ball-and-socket structure 112, and the telescopic sleeve 9 constrains the horizontal displacement of the float 1 while allowing it to rise and fall freely with the water level and swing in multiple directions, ensuring stable operation of the device under various tidal and wave conditions and providing continuous energy for the monitoring device.

[0051] like Figure 11 As shown, the base fixing plate 102 is vertically arranged with the base 10, and the height of the base 10 on the base fixing plate 102 is adjustable. The adjustable height of the base 10 facilitates adaptation to different installation platforms and water depth environments, and each power generation device is installed independently, which greatly facilitates the deployment, maintenance and expansion of the system.

[0052] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any variations that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wave energy harvesting and conversion device, characterized in that, include: The float has a chamber at the top, and the inner wall of the chamber is provided with a rotor track and a counterweight ball track, with the counterweight ball track located above the rotor track. The rotor is a disc structure, which slides on its circumference in the rotor track. The side of the rotor is provided with a counterweight ball by a bracket, and the counterweight ball rolls in the counterweight ball track. The outer shell is hollow inside and is embedded in the rotor. A rolling shell is slidably arranged inside the outer shell. A channel is opened inside the rolling shell. A rolling ball is arranged inside the channel. The rolling direction of the rolling ball is the same as the sliding direction of the rolling shell. The line connecting the center of the counterweight ball and the center of the rotor is parallel to the channel. A triboelectric module is disposed on the inner wall of the outer casing and located on the sliding trajectory of the rolling shell. It generates electricity through friction after the rolling shell impacts the casing. The triboelectric module is externally connected to an energy management module.

2. The wave energy harvesting and conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The triboelectric module includes: The first substrate is a J-shaped plate with two straight plates and an arc segment connecting the two straight plates. A first copper film is attached to the plate of the first straight plate, and the first straight plate is connected to the inner wall of the outer shell. A second copper film is attached to the second straight plate. A polytetrafluoroethylene film is attached to the first copper film. The first copper film and the second copper film are arranged opposite to each other. The first copper film and the second copper film are respectively connected to the negative and positive terminals of the external circuit. The second substrate has a third copper film attached to its surface, with one end of the third copper film extending to the other side of the second substrate, opposite to the second copper film. A thin film spring, one end of which is connected to the first straight plate of the first substrate, and the other end of which is connected to the second substrate.

3. The wave energy harvesting and conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rolling housing has multiple channels arranged in parallel, and each channel contains a rolling ball.

4. The wave energy harvesting and conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rolling housing is equipped with a protective pad on the side for impacting the triboelectric module, and buffer pads are provided at both ends of the channel.

5. A wave energy harvesting and conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rolling housing is slidably connected to the inner wall of the outer housing via a sliding assembly, the sliding assembly comprising: Multiple rollers are respectively mounted on the top and bottom of the rolling housing via auxiliary frames; Multiple roller channels are respectively provided on the top inner wall and bottom inner wall of the outer casing, and are provided one-to-one with each roller, and the rollers roll in the roller channels.

6. A wave energy harvesting and conversion device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Each roller is fitted with a collar, which is located in the middle of the roller's rolling surface. Each roller channel has a collar rolling channel along its length, which is located in the middle of the roller channel's channel surface.

7. A wave energy harvesting and conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the float is configured as a hemispherical structure, and the spherical surface of the hemispherical structure is used to contact the water. A conical concave surface is formed in the direction of the interior of the hemispherical structure in the chamber. The bottom of the rotor is provided with a cone, which is rotatably fitted in the conical concave surface. Multiple annular grooves are formed on both the cone and the concave surface. The bottom of the annular groove is an arc-shaped surface. Multiple balls are rolled between two annular grooves located at the same height.

8. A wave energy harvesting and conversion device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The hemispherical structure is provided with an energy collection component on its periphery. The energy collection component includes multiple energy trapping fins arranged in a ring array. Each energy trapping fin is a radially protruding wedge structure. The wedge structure starts from the radial guide edge located at its leading edge. The arc-shaped curved surfaces on both sides of the guide edge extend in a direction away from the center of the hemispherical structure to form a broad tail. Adjacent energy trapping fins are connected by smooth transition curved surfaces to form a continuous and unified outer edge.

9. A marine monitoring device, characterized in that, Including multiple wave energy harvesting and conversion devices as described in claim 1, further comprising: The base has base fixing plates at both ends, which are fixed to the offshore working platform and located below the sea surface. The base is vertically equipped with multiple telescopic sleeves. An energy management module for storing and outputting electrical energy is set on the base and is electrically connected to the power system of the monitoring equipment. The connecting component includes: a ball cup structure, embedded in the bottom of the float; a ball head, which is matched with the ball cup structure, rotates and is confined within the ball cup structure, and the ball head rod of the ball head is connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic sleeve rod.

10. A marine monitoring device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The base fixing plate is perpendicular to the base, and the height of the base on the base fixing plate is adjustable.

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